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A2 verb #2,000 よく出る 8分で読める

يَطبخ

yatbukh 上位2,000

練習する例文メモとヒント يَطبخ 30秒で

解説 يَطبخ in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'yatbukhu' is introduced as a basic action verb. Students learn it alongside other daily routine verbs like 'eat', 'drink', and 'sleep'. The focus is on simple subject-verb-object sentences. For example, 'I cook rice' or 'My mother cooks food'. At this stage, learners are not expected to know complex conjugations or metaphorical uses. They should recognize the word in simple stories or when someone describes their day. The goal is to associate the sound and sight of 'yatbukhu' with the image of someone in a kitchen with a pot. Exercises at this level usually involve matching the verb to a picture of a stove or completing very short sentences about family members.

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At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'yatbukhu' in more descriptive contexts. They can now add adverbs like 'well' or 'quickly' and specify the meal, such as 'lunch' or 'dinner'. They also start to learn the past tense 'tabakha' and the future 'sayatbukhu'. At this stage, students can participate in simple conversations about their favorite foods and who cooks them in their family. They might also learn the related noun 'matbakh' (kitchen). The focus is on building functional communication, such as asking 'What are you cooking?' or saying 'I don't cook often'. Exercises include short dialogues and basic sentence transformations.

At the B1 level, the usage of 'yatbukhu' expands to include more varied culinary techniques and social contexts. Learners can describe recipes in a sequence, using 'yatbukhu' alongside verbs like 'chop', 'mix', and 'serve'. They begin to understand the nuance between 'yatbukhu' and more specific verbs like 'yashwi' (grill) or 'yaqli' (fry). Students can also talk about cultural traditions related to cooking, such as special dishes for holidays. They are introduced to the passive voice 'yutbakhu' in formal texts. Exercises at this level involve reading short recipes, writing about their own cooking experiences, and understanding slightly more complex audio clips about food.

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At the B2 level, learners explore the metaphorical and idiomatic uses of 'yatbukhu'. They might encounter phrases like 'cooking up a plan' or 'the situation is cooking'. They can discuss the social and economic aspects of cooking, such as the impact of fast food versus home-cooked meals. Their vocabulary becomes more sophisticated, allowing them to use 'yatbukhu' in debates about health, culture, and lifestyle. They can also handle more complex grammatical structures, such as conditional sentences ('If I had time, I would cook...'). Exercises include analyzing opinion pieces about food culture and participating in structured discussions about culinary heritage.

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At the C1 level, 'yatbukhu' is used with high precision and stylistic variety. Learners can appreciate the verb's use in classical literature and modern journalism. They understand subtle shifts in meaning depending on the register and can use the verb to express complex ideas about identity and tradition. They are familiar with rare derivatives and can use the root T-B-KH to understand related technical terms in food science or history. At this level, students can write detailed essays or give presentations on the evolution of Arabic cuisine, using 'yatbukhu' as a central theme. Exercises involve analyzing literary texts and producing high-level creative writing.

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At the C2 level, the learner has a near-native command of 'yatbukhu' and its entire semantic field. They can use the verb in all its shades of meaning, from the most literal to the most abstract. They are comfortable with archaic forms found in ancient cookbooks and can use the verb in sophisticated wordplay or puns. They understand the regional variations in how the verb is used across the Arab world and can adapt their speech accordingly. At this stage, 'yatbukhu' is not just a word but a tool for nuanced expression in any context, whether it's a formal academic paper on sociology or a casual conversation in a local dialect.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

يَطبخ 30秒で

A common verb meaning 'to cook' using heat.
Used for meals like lunch and dinner.
Derived from the root T-B-KH (kitchen, chef).
Essential for daily conversation and recipes.

The Arabic verb يَطبخ (yatbukhu) is a fundamental Form I verb derived from the root ط-ب-خ (T-B-KH). At its core, it refers to the transformative process of preparing food by applying heat. This isn't just about mixing ingredients; it specifically implies the chemical and physical changes that occur when food is boiled, fried, baked, or simmered. In the Arab world, where hospitality and cuisine are central to social identity, this verb carries significant cultural weight, often associated with the warmth of the home and the generosity of the host.

Root Analysis: The root T-B-KH relates to maturation and cooking. It is the basis for words like 'Matbakh' (kitchen) and 'Tabbaakh' (chef).

الأم تطبخ الغداء كل يوم. (The mother cooks lunch every day.)

Understanding 'yatbukhu' requires recognizing its place in the semantic field of food preparation. While 'yuhadhiru' means to prepare (generally), 'yatbukhu' specifically requires fire or heat. It is a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object—the food being cooked. Whether it is a simple lentil soup or a complex Mansaf, the act of cooking is described by this versatile verb. It also extends metaphorically in modern contexts, much like the English 'to cook something up,' referring to plotting or planning.

Grammatical State: This is the present tense (Mudari') form. The past tense is 'tabakha' (he cooked).

هو يطبخ اللحم ببطء. (He cooks the meat slowly.)

In various dialects, the pronunciation might shift slightly (e.g., 'yutbokh' in Levantine), but the core meaning remains universal across the Arabic-speaking world. It is one of the first verbs taught to students because of its daily relevance. When you use this word, you are evoking the smells of the kitchen, the sound of sizzling oil, and the anticipation of a shared meal.

ماذا تطبخين اليوم يا جدتي؟ (What are you cooking today, Grandma?)

Transitivity: It is a transitive verb (Muta'addi), meaning it needs an object like 'rice', 'fish', or 'meal'.

الطباخ يطبخ وجبة فاخرة. (The chef is cooking a luxurious meal.)

نحن نطبخ معاً في العطلة. (We cook together on the holiday.)

Using يَطبخ correctly involves mastering its conjugation and understanding which nouns it naturally pairs with. As a regular verb, it follows standard patterns for the present tense (Al-Mudari'). You must match the prefix to the subject: 'atbukhu' (I cook), 'tatbukhu' (you/she cooks), 'yatbukhu' (he cooks), and 'natbukhu' (we cook). Beyond simple grammar, the context of 'how' someone cooks is often added using adverbs or prepositional phrases.

Conjugation Pattern: Present: Anā atbukhu, Anta tatbukhu, Huwa yatbukhu. Past: Tabakhtu, Tabakta, Tabakha.

أنا أطبخ الأرز بالبخار. (I cook the rice with steam.)

In practical conversation, you will often use 'yatbukhu' followed by the name of a dish. It is common to specify the method using 'ala' (on) or 'bi' (with). For example, 'yatbukhu ala nar hadia' (he cooks on a low flame). This level of detail is essential for recipes or describing culinary skills. Furthermore, the verb can be used in the passive voice 'yutbakhu' (it is being cooked), though this is more formal and less common in daily speech.

Common Objects: Commonly paired with: al-asha' (dinner), al-khudrawat (vegetables), al-samak (fish).

هل تطبخ الطعام العربي؟ (Do you cook Arabic food?)

Advanced users should note the difference between 'yatbukhu' and 'yusakhinu' (to heat up). If you are simply reheating leftovers, use 'yusakhinu'. If you are starting from raw ingredients, 'yatbukhu' is the correct choice. This distinction shows a higher level of fluency. Additionally, in a professional setting, 'yatbukhu' is the action performed by a 'chef' (tabbaakh) in a 'kitchen' (matbakh), creating a strong word family connection that aids in memorization.

يجب أن تطبخ الدجاج جيداً. (You must cook the chicken well.)

Adverbial Usage: Often used with 'jayyidan' (well), 'bi-shakl sahih' (correctly), or 'bi-sur'a' (quickly).

هي تطبخ بمهارة عالية. (She cooks with high skill.)

أريد أن أطبخ شيئاً جديداً. (I want to cook something new.)

The verb يَطبخ is ubiquitous in Arabic life. You will hear it most frequently in domestic settings, where family members discuss daily meals. In the morning, a mother might ask her children what they want her to cook. In the evening, a husband might ask his wife what she is cooking. It is the soundtrack of the Arab home. Beyond the house, you will hear it in restaurants, on cooking shows which are immensely popular in the Middle East (like Fatafeat), and in marketplaces where vendors suggest how to cook their produce.

Media Context: Television programs often start with: 'Alyawm sanutbukhu...' (Today we will cook...).

شاهدتُ برنامجاً يطبخ فيه الشيف الكبسة. (I watched a program where the chef cooks Kabsa.)

In social gatherings, the verb is used to praise someone's hospitality. A guest might say, 'Man tabakha hadha at-ta'am al-ladhidh?' (Who cooked this delicious food?). It is also a common topic in news segments about rising food prices or cultural festivals. Because food is a primary way of expressing love and care in Arabic culture, the verb 'yatbukhu' often carries an emotional undertone of nurturing and service.

Social Context: Used in compliments: 'Tabkhuki ra'i'!' (Your cooking is amazing!).

الجيران يطبخون وليمة كبيرة. (The neighbors are cooking a big feast.)

You will also encounter it in proverbs and idioms. For instance, 'At-tabkha nضijat' (The dish is cooked/ready) can mean a situation has reached its conclusion or a deal has been finalized. In political commentary, you might hear 'yatbukhu mu'amara' (he is cooking/hatching a conspiracy). This metaphorical usage is common in newspapers and talk shows, showing the verb's versatility beyond the kitchen.

ماذا تطبخ لنا الأيام؟ (What are the days cooking for us? - i.e., What does the future hold?)

Marketplace: Vendors say: 'Hadha al-khudar yutbakhu sur'an.' (This vegetable cooks quickly.)

المطعم يطبخ وجبات طازجة. (The restaurant cooks fresh meals.)

أبي يطبخ أفضل سمك. (My father cooks the best fish.)

One of the most frequent errors for learners is confusing يَطبخ with other verbs in the culinary domain. Many students use 'yatbukhu' for everything related to food, but Arabic is quite specific. For example, if you are making tea or coffee, you don't 'cook' it; you 'make' it (ya'malu) or 'boil' it (yaghli). Similarly, baking bread or cakes requires the verb 'yakhbizu'. Using 'yatbukhu' for bread sounds unnatural to native speakers.

Baking vs. Cooking: Use 'yakhbizu' (يخبز) for bread/cakes. Use 'yatbukhu' (يطبخ) for meals/stews.

خطأ: أنا أطبخ الخبز. (Error: I am cooking the bread.)

Another common mistake involves the preposition. Learners often try to translate 'cook for someone' literally. While you can say 'yatbukhu li-fulan', it is more common to say 'yatbukhu lil-a'ila' (cooks for the family). Also, be careful with the present tense vowel. Some learners mistakenly say 'yatbakhu' (with a fatha) instead of 'yatbukhu' (with a damma). While understandable, the damma is the correct classical and standard form.

Vowel Accuracy: The middle radical 'ba' takes a damma (u) in the present tense: ya-T-BU-khu.

صح: هو يطبخُ (u) وليس يَطبخَ (a).

Finally, avoid using 'yatbukhu' when you mean 'to ripen'. While the root is the same, the verb for fruit ripening is 'yandaju'. If you say the sun 'cooks' the fruit, it implies it's burning it rather than helping it grow. Understanding these nuances will help you move from basic communication to precise, natural-sounding Arabic.

خطأ: الفاكهة تطبخ على الشجرة. (Error: The fruit is cooking on the tree.)

Preparation vs. Cooking: 'Yuhadhiru' (يحضر) is for cold prep (salads). 'Yatbukhu' is for hot prep.

صح: هي تحضر السلطة وتطبخ الحساء. (She prepares the salad and cooks the soup.)

لا تطبخ الطعام أكثر من اللازم. (Don't overcook the food.)

To truly master يَطبخ, you should compare it with its synonyms and related culinary verbs. Arabic has a rich vocabulary for specific cooking methods. While 'yatbukhu' is the general term, 'yashwi' (to grill), 'yaqli' (to fry), and 'yasaliqu' (to boil) provide more precision. Each of these verbs describes a different way of applying heat, and using them correctly will make your descriptions of food much more vivid and accurate.

Comparison: Grill vs. Cook: 'Yashwi' (يشوي) is specifically for charcoal or oven grilling. 'Yatbukhu' is general.

هو يشوي اللحم في الحديقة. (He is grilling meat in the garden.)

Another important comparison is with 'yuhadhiru' (to prepare). This verb is broader and can include non-cooking tasks like chopping vegetables or setting the table. 'Yatbukhu' is the subset of preparation that involves heat. Then there is 'yusakhinu' (to warm up), used when the cooking has already been done and you are just increasing the temperature. In a professional kitchen, a 'tabbaakh' (cook) might 'yatbukhu' the main course while a 'halawani' (pastry chef) 'yakhbizu' (bakes) the dessert.

Comparison: Fry vs. Cook: 'Yaqli' (يقلي) is used for oil-based frying (like potatoes). 'Yatbukhu' is for stews.

هي تقلي البطاطس للأطفال. (She is frying potatoes for the children.)

In formal Arabic, you might encounter 'ya'tahi' (to cook/ripen), which is a more literary synonym for 'yatbukhu'. However, in 99% of daily interactions, 'yatbukhu' is the preferred word. Understanding these distinctions allows you to follow recipes in Arabic accurately and describe your own cooking habits with the nuance of a native speaker. Whether you are simmering a sauce or boiling pasta, choosing the right verb is the first step toward culinary fluency.

أنا أسلق المعكرونة الآن. (I am boiling the pasta now.)

Comparison: Bake vs. Cook: 'Yakhbizu' (يخبز) is for the oven and dough. 'Yatbukhu' is for the stove and pots.

الخباز يخبز خبزاً طازجاً. (The baker is baking fresh bread.)

نحن نطبخ العشاء معاً. (We are cooking dinner together.)

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Present tense conjugation

Transitive vs Intransitive verbs

The use of 'an' with verbs

Adverbial phrases

Noun of place (Matbakh)

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レベル別の例文

أنا أطبخ الأرز.

I cook the rice.

First person singular present tense.

أمي تطبخ الغداء.

My mother cooks lunch.

Third person feminine singular.

هو يطبخ كل يوم.

He cooks every day.

Third person masculine singular.

نحن نطبخ في البيت.

We cook at home.

First person plural.

هل تطبخ الطعام؟

Do you cook food?

Second person masculine singular question.

هي تطبخ الدجاج.

She cooks the chicken.

Third person feminine singular.

أنت تطبخ جيداً.

You cook well.

Second person masculine singular with adverb.

هم يطبخون الآن.

They are cooking now.

Third person plural.

أريد أن أطبخ عشاءً لذيذاً.

I want to cook a delicious dinner.

Verb after 'an' (to).

أختي تطبخ المعكرونة بالجبن.

My sister cooks pasta with cheese.

Subject-verb-object with prepositional phrase.

هل تحب أن تطبخ مع أصدقائك؟

Do you like to cook with your friends?

Infinitive construction.

هو يطبخ اللحم ببطء شديد.

He cooks the meat very slowly.

Adverbial phrase 'bi-but' shadid'.

نحن نطبخ السمك في العطلة.

We cook fish on the holiday.

Time expression 'fil-utla'.

متى تطبخين الطعام يا مريم؟

When do you cook the food, Maryam?

Second person feminine singular.

أبي يطبخ لنا كل يوم جمعة.

My father cooks for us every Friday.

Dative construction 'lana'.

لا أطبخ كثيراً في الصيف.

I don't cook much in the summer.

Negative present tense.

يجب أن تطبخ الخضروات قبل أكلها.

You must cook the vegetables before eating them.

Modal verb 'yajibu an'.

كانت جدتي تطبخ أفضل حساء في العالم.

My grandmother used to cook the best soup in the world.

Past continuous 'kanat tatbukhu'.

تعلمتُ كيف أطبخ الكبسة السعودية.

I learned how to cook Saudi Kabsa.

Relative clause 'kayfa atbukhu'.

يقول الشيف إنه يطبخ بشغف.

The chef says that he cooks with passion.

Reported speech.

إذا طبختَ لي، سأغسل الأطباق.

If you cook for me, I will wash the dishes.

Conditional sentence.

يفضل الكثيرون أن يطبخوا في المنزل.

Many people prefer to cook at home.

Plural verb after 'an'.

بينما كانت تطبخ، رن الهاتف.

While she was cooking, the phone rang.

Temporal clause 'baynama'.

هذا النوع من الأرز يطبخ بسرعة.

This type of rice cooks quickly.

Intransitive-like usage.

يبدو أن هناك مؤامرة تُطبخ في الخفاء.

It seems there is a conspiracy being cooked up in secret.

Metaphorical usage in passive voice.

مهما طبختَ، سأكون سعيداً بتناوله.

Whatever you cook, I will be happy to eat it.

Concessive clause 'mahma'.

تطبخ هذه الشركة خطة لتوسيع أعمالها.

This company is cooking up a plan to expand its business.

Metaphorical usage for planning.

لا تتدخل فيما يطبخه الآخرون.

Don't interfere in what others are cooking (metaphorically: their business).

Relative pronoun 'ma'.

كلما طبخت أكثر، أصبحت أمهر.

The more you cook, the more skilled you become.

Correlative comparison 'kullama'.

يُطبخ الطعام على نار هادئة لنكهة أفضل.

Food is cooked on a low flame for better flavor.

Passive voice 'yutbakhu'.

من يطبخ السموم، لا بد أن يتذوقها.

He who cooks poisons must eventually taste them.

Proverbial usage.

كان يطبخ أفكاره قبل أن يتحدث.

He was cooking (maturing) his ideas before speaking.

Metaphorical usage for thinking.

تطبخ الرواية أحداثها في بيئة قروية.

The novel develops (cooks) its events in a rural setting.

Literary metaphorical usage.

إنها تطبخ ببراعة تضاهي كبار الطهاة.

She cooks with a skill that rivals great chefs.

Comparison with 'tudahi'.

ما زالت الأزمة تطبخ على نار الأطماع.

The crisis is still being cooked on the fire of greed.

Complex political metaphor.

يستمتع الكاتب بطبخ شخوصه بعناية.

The writer enjoys developing (cooking) his characters carefully.

Gerund usage 'bi-tabkh'.

تطبخ الطبيعة ثمارها تحت أشعة الشمس.

Nature ripens (cooks) its fruits under the sun's rays.

Poetic usage.

لقد طبخت الأيام منه رجلاً صبوراً.

The days have forged (cooked) him into a patient man.

Metaphor for life experience.

تطبخ الحكومة قراراً سيغير وجه الاقتصاد.

The government is preparing (cooking) a decision that will change the economy.

Journalistic metaphor.

لا يطبخ المرء وجبته بدموع الآخرين.

One does not cook their meal with the tears of others.

Philosophical/Ethical usage.

تطبخ القدرُ مصائرنا في مرجل الزمان.

Fate cooks our destinies in the cauldron of time.

Highly abstract/Philosophical.

كانت الكلمات تطبخ في ذهنه كالحمم.

Words were brewing (cooking) in his mind like lava.

Intense literary metaphor.

تطبخ الحضارات هويتها عبر القرون.

Civilizations forge (cook) their identity across centuries.

Sociological metaphor.

إن التاريخ يطبخ أحداثه في مطبخ الصراعات.

History prepares (cooks) its events in the kitchen of conflicts.

Historiographical metaphor.

تطبخ الأرض معادنها في أعماقها السحيقة.

The earth forges (cooks) its minerals in its deep depths.

Scientific/Poetic metaphor.

كان يطبخ صمته حتى استوى قولاً بليغاً.

He matured (cooked) his silence until it became eloquent speech.

Abstract developmental metaphor.

تطبخ المعاناة في نفوس الأحرار إرادة لا تلين.

Suffering forges (cooks) in the souls of the free an unyielding will.

Existential metaphor.

تطبخ الشمسُ الرمالَ في صحراءٍ لا تنتهي.

The sun bakes (cooks) the sands in an endless desert.

Descriptive environmental metaphor.

よく使う組み合わせ

يطبخ الغداء (cooks lunch)

يطبخ العشاء (cooks dinner)

يطبخ ببطء (cooks slowly)

يطبخ جيداً (cooks well)

يطبخ على النار (cooks on the fire)

يطبخ في المطبخ (cooks in the kitchen)

يطبخ وجبة (cooks a meal)

يطبخ الأرز (cooks rice)

يطبخ اللحم (cooks meat)

يطبخ الحساء (cooks soup)

よく使うフレーズ

ماذا تطبخ؟ (What are you cooking?)

أحب أن أطبخ. (I love to cook.)

من يطبخ اليوم؟ (Who is cooking today?)

تطبخ بمهارة. (She cooks skillfully.)

يجب أن يطبخ اللحم. (The meat must be cooked.)

لا أعرف كيف أطبخ. (I don't know how to cook.)

أمي تطبخ أفضل طعام. (My mom cooks the best food.)

نحن نطبخ معاً. (We cook together.)

هل تطبخ السمك؟ (Do you cook fish?)

يتم طبخ الطعام الآن. (The food is being cooked now.)

よく混同される語

يَطبخ vs يخبز (yakhbizu)

يَطبخ vs يحضر (yuhadhiru)

يَطبخ vs يسخن (yusakhinu)

慣用句と表現

"تطبخ على نار هادئة (To cook on a low flame - to do something patiently)"

"الطبخة استوت (The dish is cooked - the matter is settled)"

"يطبخ مؤامرة (To cook a conspiracy - to plot)"

"ماذا يطبخ في الخفاء؟ (What is cooking in secret?)"

"بينهم طبخة (There is a 'dish' between them - they are plotting something)"

"طباخ السم يتذوقه (The cook of poison tastes it - what goes around comes around)"

"كثرة الطباخين تحرق الطبخة (Too many cooks burn the dish - too many cooks spoil the broth)"

"يطبخ أفكاره (To cook his ideas - to mature his thoughts)"

"القدر يطبخ المصائر (Fate cooks destinies)"

"نفسه في الطبخ (His 'soul' in cooking - he has a natural talent for cooking)"

間違えやすい

يَطبخ vs

文型パターン

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使い方

metaphor

Can mean 'to plot' or 'to mature'.

transitivity

Usually takes a direct object.

heat required

Always implies the use of heat.

よくある間違い

Using 'yatbukhu' for baking bread.
Using 'yatbukhu' for making tea or coffee.
Incorrect vowel on the middle radical (saying 'yatbakhu').
Confusing 'yatbukhu' (cook) with 'yuhadhiru' (prepare).
Forgetting to match the verb gender with the subject.

ヒント

Present Tense

Remember the prefix changes: a- (I), ta- (you/she), ya- (he), na- (we).

Kitchen Tools

Learn 'qidr' (pot) and 'miqlat' (pan) to use with this verb.

Hospitality

Cooking for others is a key part of Arab social life.

The 'Kh' Sound

Practice the 'kh' sound by clearing your throat gently.

Specific Verbs

Use 'yashwi' for BBQ and 'yaqli' for fries for better precision.

Word Family

Link 'yatbukhu' to 'matbakh' (kitchen) to remember it easily.

Adverbs

Add 'bi-ma'ara' (skillfully) to describe a good cook.

Cooking Shows

Watch Arabic cooking shows to hear this verb in context.

Daily Routine

Describe what you cook for dinner to practice the verb.

Metaphors

Use 'yatbukhu مؤامرة' when talking about political plots.

暗記しよう

記憶術

The 'T' in 'Yatbukhu' is like a 'Table' where you eat what you cook.

語源

Semitic root T-B-KH, found in Hebrew (tabakh) and Aramaic.

文化的な背景

Cooking large amounts of food is common to ensure any guest is well-fed.

Traditionally a female-dominated role in the home, but professional chefs are often male.

Specific dishes are 'cooked' for Ramadan (Iftar) and Eid.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"ماذا تحب أن تطبخ؟ (What do you like to cook?)"

"هل تطبخ في البيت عادة؟ (Do you usually cook at home?)"

"من هو أفضل طباخ في عائلتك؟ (Who is the best cook in your family?)"

"ما هي أصعب طبخة جربتها؟ (What is the hardest dish you've tried to cook?)"

"هل تفضل أن تطبخ أم تطلب الطعام؟ (Do you prefer to cook or order food?)"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن وجبة طبختها مؤخراً. (Write about a meal you cooked recently.)

صف المطبخ في بيت طفولتك. (Describe the kitchen in your childhood home.)

لماذا يعتبر الطبخ مهارة مهمة؟ (Why is cooking considered an important skill?)

اكتب وصفة لطبقك المفضل. (Write a recipe for your favorite dish.)

تحدث عن شخص يطبخ لك دائماً. (Talk about someone who always cooks for you.)

よくある質問

10 問

No, usually 'ya'malu' (makes) or 'yaghli' (boils) is used for coffee.

'Yatbukhu' is more common in daily speech, while 'yathu' is more formal or literary.

No, 'yakhbizu' is the correct verb for baking cakes or bread.

You say 'Ana atbukhu'.

Literally 'the dish is cooked', but idiomatically it means 'the matter is settled'.

Yes, it is a gender-neutral action. 'Huwa yatbukhu' (He cooks).

Yes, it is the basis for kitchen (matbakh) and chef (tabbaakh).

You can say 'matbuukh akthar min al-lazim'.

In some poetic contexts yes, but 'yandaju' is the standard word for ripening.

Yes, with slight pronunciation changes, it is understood everywhere.

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