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A1 verb 12分で読める

najít

例文 najít 30秒で
解説 najít in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'najít' is a crucial survival verb. You use it to talk about finding basic physical objects like your keys (klíče), phone (mobil), or a specific building like a restaurant or a shop. The focus is on the past tense 'našel/našla jsem' (I found) and the infinitive 'najít'. You learn it as the successful result of 'hledat' (to look for). It is essential for simple interactions where you need to locate something or ask where something can be found. You should focus on the simple SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) structure: 'Já jsem našel psa.' (I found a dog). The conjugation is kept simple, primarily focusing on the first person singular and the infinitive. Learners at this stage should also recognize 'najít' on maps and websites as the command to 'search' or 'find location'.
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'najít' in more varied contexts, such as finding a job (najít si práci) or finding a way (najít cestu). You start to understand the perfective aspect more clearly, distinguishing between 'I will find' (najdu) and 'I am looking for' (hledám). You also learn the reflexive 'najít si', which implies doing something for your own benefit. You should be able to conjugate 'najít' in all persons in the past tense and the future (perfective present). Examples become more complex: 'Kde jsi našla tu hezkou sukni?' (Where did you find that pretty skirt?). You also begin to use it with modal verbs like 'moci' (can) and 'muset' (must).
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By B1, you transition from finding physical objects to finding abstract things like solutions (řešení), compromises (kompromis), or courage (odvaha). You understand the nuance of the perfective aspect deeply and can explain why you use 'najít' instead of 'nacházet'. You start using common phrases and simple idioms like 'najít společnou řeč' (find common ground). You are comfortable with the irregular past tense stem 'naš-'. You also begin to see 'najít' used in more formal texts, such as instructions or news snippets. Your sentences become longer, incorporating conjunctions: 'Musíme najít způsob, jak ušetřit peníze, protože všechno je drahé.' (We must find a way to save money because everything is expensive).
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At the B2 level, 'najít' is used fluently in professional and academic settings. You can discuss complex social issues, like 'najít rovnováhu mezi prací a soukromím' (finding a work-life balance). You are familiar with more synonyms like 'objevit' or 'vypátrat' and know when to use 'najít' instead. You understand the passive voice (bylo nalezeno) and use the verb in various moods, including the conditional ('kdybych to našel...'). You can handle idiomatic expressions with ease and use the verb to express opinions and hypothesize. Your vocabulary is rich enough to use 'najít' in debates: 'Je těžké najít v tomto argumentu logiku.' (It is hard to find logic in this argument).
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At C1, your use of 'najít' is sophisticated and precise. You use it to describe subtle emotional states or complex intellectual discoveries. You are aware of the literary synonym 'nalézt' and use it appropriately in writing. You understand the historical development of the verb and its place in the Slavic language family. You use 'najít' in highly formal contexts, such as legal or scientific discourse, often in the form of nominalizations or complex passive structures. You can pick up on subtle puns or cultural references involving the word. Your use of 'najít' is indistinguishable from a native speaker's, including the correct use of register and tone.
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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over 'najít'. You can use it in creative writing, poetry, or high-level academic research. You understand all the archaic and dialectal variations of the word. You can use it to express the most nuanced shades of meaning, such as the difference between finding a physical flaw and finding a moral failing. You are comfortable using the verb in any context, from the most informal slang to the most formal diplomatic language. You can analyze the use of 'najít' in classical Czech literature and discuss its philosophical implications. Your command of the verb is absolute, allowing for spontaneous and complex expression.
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例文

najít 30秒で

  • Najít is a perfective verb meaning 'to find'.
  • It focuses on the completed result of a search.
  • The past tense stem is irregular: našel, našla, našli.
  • The future tense is formed without 'budu': najdu, najdeš.
The Czech verb najít is a fundamental pillar of the Czech language, primarily corresponding to the English verb 'to find' or 'to discover'. At its core, it represents the successful conclusion of a search or an accidental discovery. Because Czech is an aspect-prominent language, it is crucial to understand that najít is the perfective form. This means it focuses on the completed result—the moment of discovery—rather than the ongoing process of looking. If you are currently rummaging through your bag, you are 'hledat' (looking for), but the moment your fingers grasp the keys, you 'najít' (find) them. This distinction is vital for English speakers who often use 'find' interchangeably for both the act and the result.
Literal Physical Discovery
This is the most common usage. It refers to locating a physical object that was lost or whose location was unknown. For example, finding your phone, a new restaurant, or a mushroom in the forest. It implies that the object now exists in your field of awareness or possession.

Konečně jsem mohl najít své ztracené brýle pod postelí.

Abstract and Intellectual Discovery
Beyond physical objects, 'najít' is used for finding solutions, answers, courage, or even yourself. When you solve a math problem, you 'najít řešení' (find a solution). When you decide to be brave, you 'najít odvahu' (find courage). It suggests a mental or emotional breakthrough where something previously obscured becomes clear.
Social and Professional Contexts
In the modern world, this verb is ubiquitous in job hunting (najít práci) and social networking (najít si přátele). It carries a sense of achievement. In a professional setting, finding a mistake in a report (najít chybu) is a common use case. It is also used in navigation, such as finding a path or a specific address on a map.

Musíme najít způsob, jak tento projekt dokončit včas.

Doufám, že se nám podaří najít společnou řeč.

Je těžké najít v Praze levné ubytování během léta.

Pomoz mi najít tu správnou cestu k nádraží.

In summary, 'najít' is the word for the 'Eureka!' moment. Whether you are looking for your keys, a soulmate, or a bug in your code, 'najít' is the goal of your search. Its versatility makes it one of the top 100 most useful verbs for any learner. From A1 students asking where the bathroom is to C2 academics finding flaws in philosophical arguments, 'najít' remains the essential term for discovery.
Using najít correctly requires an understanding of Czech verb conjugation and the perfective aspect. Because it is perfective, it does not have a present tense that describes an action happening right now. Instead, its 'present' forms actually function as the future tense. For example, 'najdu' does not mean 'I am finding', but 'I will find'. This is a common stumbling block for English speakers. To say 'I am finding' (as a process), you would use the imperfective counterpart nacházet, though in practice, Czechs usually say 'I am looking for' (hledám) until the moment they actually find it.
The Past Tense (The Most Common Use)
The past tense of 'najít' is irregular. The stem changes from 'naj-' to 'naš-'. You must remember the forms: našel (masculine), našla (feminine), našlo (neuter), and našli/našly (plural). Example: 'Našel jsem klíče' (I found the keys). This change from 'j' to 'š' is a historical linguistic remnant but is essential for sounding natural.

Včera jsem v parku našel peněženku plnou peněz.

The Future Tense (Perfective Present)
As mentioned, the present tense forms of 'najít' indicate a future action that will be completed. Conjugation: najdu, najdeš, najde, najdeme, najdete, najdou. Example: 'Zítra to najdu' (I will find it tomorrow). Do not use 'budu najít'—this is a grammatically incorrect construction because 'najít' is perfective.

Neboj se, určitě tu informaci brzy najdeš na internetu.

The Accusative Case
The object you find must be in the accusative case (4. pád). This is standard for most transitive verbs. 'Najdu (koho, co?)'. If you find a 'pes' (dog), it becomes 'Našel jsem psa'. If you find a 'kniha' (book), it becomes 'Našel jsem knihu'. Understanding these case endings is necessary for the sentence to make sense.

Petr si konečně našel novou přítelkyni přes seznamku.

Musíš najít odvahu a říct mu pravdu do očí.

V tom chaosu bylo nemožné najít klid na práci.

Kde můžu najít nejbližší bankomat v tomto městě?

In complex sentences, 'najít' often pairs with modal verbs like 'moci' (to be able to) or 'muset' (to have to). 'Můžu to najít' (I can find it) or 'Musím to najít' (I must find it). In these cases, the infinitive 'najít' remains unchanged. Mastering these patterns allows you to navigate almost any scenario involving discovery or location.
In the Czech Republic, 'najít' is a word you will encounter dozens of times a day, from casual street conversations to formal news reports. Its usage reflects the practical and resourceful nature of the Czech people. One of the most common places to hear it is in the context of daily logistics. Czechs are avid hikers and mushroom hunters (houbaři); in the forest, you'll constantly hear people shouting, 'Našel jsem!' when they spot a prize porcini. In urban settings, it's about finding parking ('najít místo na zaparkování'), which is a notorious struggle in Prague.
Digital and Information Age
With the rise of the internet, 'najít' has become the default verb for searching online. Instead of saying 'Google it', many Czechs say 'Najdi si to na internetu' (Find it on the internet). It is used for finding information on Wikipedia, looking up train schedules on IDOS, or searching for products on Heureka. It implies the successful retrieval of data.

Všechny recepty můžeš najít na mém blogu o vaření.

Employment and Life Milestones
The phrase 'najít si práci' (to find a job) is a central theme in many young people's lives. Similarly, 'najít si bydlení' (to find housing) is a frequent topic of conversation given the current housing market. In romantic contexts, 'najít toho pravého' (to find the right one) is a common idiomatic expression heard in movies, songs, and heart-to-heart talks between friends.
Crime and Investigations
In news reports and crime dramas (detektivky), which are very popular in Czechia, you will hear about police finding evidence ('najít důkazy') or finding a suspect ('najít podezřelého'). Here, the word takes on a more serious, official tone, often associated with the work of 'vyšetřovatelé' (investigators).

Policie se snaží najít svědky včerejší nehody.

V archivu se podařilo najít staré dopisy od krále.

Děti rády chodí do lesa najít nějaký poklad.

Doufám, že v sobě dokážeš najít sílu mu odpustit.

Whether you're navigating the cobblestone streets of Prague or browsing a Czech website, 'najít' is the key that unlocks the door to what you're looking for. It is a word of resolution and discovery.
For English speakers, the most frequent mistake when using najít is confusing it with the imperfective verb hledat (to look for/search). In English, 'find' is sometimes used loosely to mean 'search', but in Czech, these are strictly separated by aspect. You cannot say 'Najdu klíče deset minut' (I am finding the keys for ten minutes). You must say 'Hledám klíče deset minut' (I have been looking for the keys for ten minutes). 'Najít' is an instantaneous event. Think of 'hledat' as the movie and 'najít' as the final frame.
Aspectual Errors in the Future Tense
As mentioned in the grammar section, many learners try to form the future tense using 'budu' + 'najít'. This is a major error. 'Budu' can only be used with imperfective verbs (like 'budu hledat' - I will be looking). For the perfective 'najít', the future is simply 'najdu'. Remember: 'Budu hledat' = process; 'Najdu' = result.

Budu najít -> Najdu (Correct future: I will find).

Misusing the Past Tense Stem
Learners often try to keep the 'j' in the past tense, saying 'najil' or 'najel'. This is incorrect. The 'j' changes to 'š'. You must internalize 'našel'. Interestingly, 'najel' is a real word from 'najet' (to drive onto), so using the wrong past tense can completely change the meaning of your sentence and lead to significant confusion.
Confusion with 'Objevit'
While 'najít' is 'to find', 'objevit' is 'to discover' (like Columbus discovering America). Learners often use 'najít' for scientific discoveries. While not strictly wrong, 'objevit' is more appropriate for something that was previously unknown to the world, whereas 'najít' is for something that was lost or whose location was unknown to you personally.

Vědci objevili (not found) nový lék na rakovinu.

Našel jsem klíče pět minut. -> Hledal jsem klíče pět minut. (Correct: I searched for 5 mins).

Musíme najít (not search) řešení tohoto problému.

Kde jsi to našel? (Where did you find it? - correctly using 'š' stem).

By avoiding these common pitfalls—especially the aspect confusion and the past tense stem change—you will sound much more like a native speaker and avoid the 'Czenglish' patterns that often plague beginners.
The Czech language offers several nuances for the act of finding. While najít is the most versatile and common, knowing its alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow for more precise expression. The main distinction is often between finding something by chance, finding it through intense effort, or discovering something previously unknown.
Najít vs. Objevit
'Najít' is 'to find' something that exists and whose existence you were aware of (like lost keys). 'Objevit' is 'to discover' something that was previously unknown or hidden. You find your wallet (najít), but you discover a new planet (objevit) or discover a hidden talent in yourself.
Najít vs. Vypátrat
'Vypátrat' means 'to track down' or 'to ferret out'. It implies a long, difficult, and systematic search, often used in detective work or investigative journalism. You 'najít' a fact, but you 'vypátrat' a criminal who has been hiding for years.

Detektiv konečně vypátral úkryt zlodějů v horách.

Najít vs. Shledat
'Shledat' is a more formal and slightly archaic verb meaning 'to find' in the sense of 'to deem' or 'to judge'. For example, 'shledat někoho vinným' (to find someone guilty). It is used in legal or very formal contexts, whereas 'najít' would be used in everyday speech.
Antonyms: Ztratit and Postrádat
The direct opposite of 'najít' (to find) is 'ztratit' (to lose). If you 'ztratit' something, you later hope to 'najít' it. 'Postrádat' means 'to lack' or 'to miss', describing the state of not having something you once had or need.

Bohužel jsem ztratil naději, že tu práci někdy dostanu.

Vědci doufají, že objeví život na jiné planetě.

Soudce ho shledal nevinným ve všech bodech obžaloby.

V literatuře často hrdina nalezne vnitřní klid po dlouhé cestě.

Understanding these distinctions helps you move from basic communication to nuanced, expressive Czech. While 'najít' will get you through 90% of situations, 'objevit' and 'vypátrat' add that extra level of sophistication to your speech.
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レベル別の例文

1

Našel jsem klíče.

I found the keys.

Past tense masculine: našel + accusative plural: klíče.

2

Kde můžu najít restauraci?

Where can I find a restaurant?

Infinitive after modal verb 'můžu'.

3

Našla jsi mobil?

Did you find the phone?

Past tense feminine: našla.

4

Musím najít dům.

I must find the house.

Infinitive after 'musím'.

5

Tady najdeš pomoc.

You will find help here.

Future tense (perfective present): najdeš.

6

Našli jsme psa.

We found a dog.

Past tense plural: našli.

7

Najdi to!

Find it!

Imperative singular: najdi.

8

Ona nemůže najít boty.

She cannot find the shoes.

Negative modal + infinitive.

1

Najdu si novou práci.

I will find a new job.

Future tense + reflexive 'si' (for oneself).

2

Můžete mi pomoci najít cestu?

Can you help me find the way?

Infinitive after 'pomoci'.

3

Našel jsi včera ten obchod?

Did you find that shop yesterday?

Past tense with time adverb 'včera'.

4

Doufám, že najdeme řešení.

I hope we find a solution.

Future tense plural: najdeme.

5

Oni si našli hezký byt.

They found a nice apartment.

Past tense plural + reflexive 'si'.

6

Najdeš to na mapě?

Will you find it on the map?

Future tense question.

7

Musíte najít odvahu.

You must find courage.

Infinitive with abstract noun 'odvaha'.

8

Našla jsem zajímavou knihu.

I found an interesting book.

Past tense feminine + adjective + noun in accusative.

1

Konečně jsme našli společnou řeč.

We finally found common ground.

Idiomatic expression 'najít společnou řeč'.

2

Musíme najít způsob, jak to opravit.

We must find a way to fix it.

Abstract noun 'způsob' + infinitive.

3

Najdeš si čas na kávu?

Will you find time for a coffee?

Future tense with 'najít si čas'.

4

Našel jsem chybu v textu.

I found a mistake in the text.

Past tense masculine.

5

Je těžké najít dobrého přítele.

It is hard to find a good friend.

Infinitive as part of an impersonal construction.

6

Najdi si to na internetu.

Find it on the internet.

Imperative + reflexive 'si'.

7

Podařilo se mi najít ztracený pas.

I managed to find the lost passport.

Infinitive after 'podařilo se'.

8

Našli v tom systému slabé místo.

They found a weak spot in the system.

Past tense plural.

1

Musíme najít rovnováhu mezi prací a rodinou.

We must find a balance between work and family.

Abstract concept 'rovnováha'.

2

Kdybych našel víc času, naučil bych se česky lépe.

If I found more time, I would learn Czech better.

Conditional mood: 'kdybych našel'.

3

Vědci doufají, že najdou lék na tuto nemoc.

Scientists hope they will find a cure for this disease.

Future tense plural in a subordinate clause.

4

Je obtížné najít v té situaci něco pozitivního.

It is difficult to find something positive in that situation.

Infinitive with 'něco pozitivního'.

5

Našel v sobě sílu odejít.

He found the strength within himself to leave.

Reflexive 'v sobě'.

6

Musíme najít kompromis, který bude vyhovovat všem.

We must find a compromise that suits everyone.

Abstract noun 'kompromis'.

7

Našla uplatnění v oboru IT.

She found a place/application in the IT field.

Collocation 'najít uplatnění'.

8

Podařilo se najít shodu mezi oběma stranami.

Agreement was found between both parties.

Impersonal 'podařilo se'.

1

V textu lze najít mnoho skrytých významů.

Many hidden meanings can be found in the text.

Passive-like construction with 'lze'.

2

Snažil se najít ospravedlnění pro své činy.

He tried to find a justification for his actions.

Abstract noun 'ospravedlnění'.

3

Je fascinující najít paralely mezi těmito kulturami.

It is fascinating to find parallels between these cultures.

Infinitive after 'je fascinující'.

4

Autor v knize našel dokonalý tón.

The author found the perfect tone in the book.

Metaphorical use of 'najít'.

5

Nepodařilo se najít žádné pádné důkazy.

No compelling evidence could be found.

Genitive after negative 'nepodařilo se najít'.

6

Musíme najít odvahu čelit pravdě.

We must find the courage to face the truth.

Infinitive 'čelit' following 'najít odvahu'.

7

Našel v tom chaosu určitý řád.

He found a certain order in that chaos.

Past tense masculine.

8

Je těžké najít slova, která by vyjádřila můj vděk.

It is hard to find words that would express my gratitude.

Conditional relative clause.

1

Filozof se snažil najít ontologický základ bytí.

The philosopher tried to find the ontological basis of being.

Highly academic context.

2

V jeho díle lze najít stopy dekadence.

Traces of decadence can be found in his work.

Formal 'lze najít'.

3

Nepodařilo se najít konsenzus v takto polarizované společnosti.

Consensus could not be found in such a polarized society.

Abstract political terminology.

4

Jeho úkolem bylo najít slabinu v nepřátelské strategii.

His task was to find a weakness in the enemy strategy.

Strategic context.

5

Musíme najít způsob, jak dekonstruovat tento mýtus.

We must find a way to deconstruct this myth.

Academic verb 'dekonstruovat'.

6

Vědec našel anomálii v naměřených datech.

The scientist found an anomaly in the measured data.

Scientific context.

7

Našel v sobě rezignaci na další boj.

He found within himself a resignation from further struggle.

Introspective emotional state.

8

Podařilo se najít průsečík mezi teorií a praxí.

An intersection between theory and practice was found.

Mathematical metaphor.

類義語

nalézt objevit vypátrat shledat vyskytnout se potkat vymyslet zpozorovat

反対語

ztratit postrádat minout hledat

よく使う組み合わせ

najít práci
najít řešení
najít cestu
najít odvahu
najít chybu
najít čas
najít klid
najít společnou řeč
najít uplatnění
najít zalíbení

よく使うフレーズ

Kde to můžu najít?

— Asking for the location of something.

Kde můžu najít toalety?

To se hned najde.

— Reassurance that something lost will be found quickly.

Neboj, ty klíče se hned najdou.

Nemůžu to najít.

— Expressing frustration during a search.

Hledám to hodinu a nemůžu to najít.

Najdi si to!

— Telling someone to look it up themselves.

Nevím, kolik je hodin, najdi si to na mobilu.

Našel jsi, co jsi hledal?

— Asking if a search was successful.

Byl jsi v obchodě, našel jsi, co jsi hledal?

Kdo hledá, ten najde.

— A proverb: He who seeks shall find.

Nevzdávej to, kdo hledá, ten najde.

Najít si cestu k někomu.

— To find a way to connect with someone emotionally.

Trvalo to dlouho, než si k němu našla cestu.

Najít si své místo.

— To find where one belongs.

Konečně si v tom kolektivu našel své místo.

Najít si záminku.

— To find an excuse.

Vždycky si najde záminku, proč nepřijít.

Najít útočiště.

— To find refuge.

V té vesnici našli útočiště před válkou.

慣用句と表現

"najít společnou řeč"

— To find common ground or reach an agreement.

Politici konečně našli společnou řeč.

neutral
"najít se v něčem"

— To find one's calling or passion in an activity.

Našel se v malování obrazů.

neutral
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