ausmachen 30秒で
- Turn off lights, machines, devices.
- Opposite of 'anmachen' (turn on).
- Separable verb: 'Ich mache das Licht aus'.
- Common in daily life.
- Core Meaning
- The primary meaning of 'ausmachen' for beginners is to deactivate something, typically an electrical device or a light. Think of it as the opposite of 'anmachen' (to turn on).
- Everyday Situations
- You will hear and use 'ausmachen' in countless daily scenarios. When you leave a room, you turn off the light. When you finish using a computer, you shut it down. When you go to bed, you switch off the lamp. These are all perfect opportunities to use 'ausmachen'. It's a very practical verb for managing your environment and the devices within it. Imagine walking into your living room and seeing the TV is still on from earlier; you'd say, 'Ich mache den Fernseher aus' (I'm turning off the TV). Or if you're leaving your house and your partner reminds you, 'Hast du das Licht im Flur ausgemacht?' (Did you turn off the light in the hallway?). It's about bringing an active state to an inactive one, specifically for machinery and lights.
- Beyond Lights and Machines
- While turning off devices is the most common use for A1 learners, 'ausmachen' also has other meanings that are more advanced. For instance, it can mean 'to constitute' or 'to make up' something (e.g., 'Das macht nichts aus' - That doesn't matter). It can also mean 'to extinguish' a fire or 'to agree' on something. However, for now, focus on the core meaning of switching things off. This foundational understanding will allow you to participate in many basic conversations. Think about all the things you switch off daily: your phone before a meeting, the radio in the car, the fan on a hot day. Each of these actions is perfectly described by 'ausmachen'. It's a verb that signifies control and responsibility over your surroundings and the technology you interact with. It's about bringing a halt to an operation, a function, or an illumination. The simplicity of its core meaning makes it incredibly accessible for new learners, yet its versatility in more complex sentences showcases its richness in the German language.
Ich muss das Licht im Wohnzimmer ausmachen.
Bitte mach den Fernseher aus.
Der Computer ist noch an, ich muss ihn ausmachen.
- Grammatical Note
- 'Ausmachen' is a separable verb. This means the prefix 'aus-' separates from the verb stem 'machen' when it is in the second position of a main clause. For example: 'Ich mache das Licht aus.' (I turn off the light.) In subordinate clauses or infinitive constructions, it remains together: 'Ich möchte das Licht ausmachen.' (I would like to turn off the light.)
- Basic Sentence Structure
- For A1 learners, the most common sentence structure involves the conjugated verb 'machen' in the second position, followed by the object, and then the prefix 'aus' at the very end. This is a fundamental pattern for separable verbs. The subject comes first, then the conjugated verb, then the direct object (what you are turning off), and finally the prefix 'aus'. For example: 'Ich' (subject) + 'mache' (conjugated verb) + 'das Licht' (object) + 'aus' (prefix). This pattern is crucial for understanding and forming basic German sentences.
- Imperative Form
- You will also frequently use the imperative (command) form. This is often used when asking someone to turn something off. The structure is similar, but the subject is implied. For example, 'Mach das Licht aus!' (Turn off the light!) or 'Machen Sie das Fenster zu!' (which uses a different verb, but illustrates the imperative structure). For 'ausmachen', it would be 'Mach den Fernseher aus!' (informal 'you') or 'Machen Sie den Fernseher aus!' (formal 'you'). The verb 'machen' is conjugated accordingly, and 'aus' goes to the end.
- Infinitive Constructions
- When 'ausmachen' is used as part of an infinitive clause, often after a modal verb like 'möchten' (would like to) or 'können' (can), the prefix 'aus-' stays attached to the verb stem 'machen'. For instance: 'Ich möchte das Licht ausmachen.' (I would like to turn off the light.) Here, 'ausmachen' functions as a single unit at the end of the clause. This is a common structure in German and important to recognize.
- Examples in Context
- Let's look at a few more examples to solidify your understanding. When you are leaving your house, you might say: 'Ich gehe jetzt. Ich mache die Heizung aus.' (I'm leaving now. I'm turning off the heating.) If you are in a noisy environment and want to turn off a radio, you could ask: 'Kannst du bitte das Radio ausmachen?' (Can you please turn off the radio?). Notice how 'ausmachen' is used as a single infinitive here. When discussing plans, you might say: 'Bevor wir schlafen gehen, machen wir alle Lichter aus.' (Before we go to sleep, we turn off all the lights.) This demonstrates the separable nature of the verb in a main clause. Remember to pay attention to the position of 'aus' and how the verb 'machen' is conjugated based on the subject and sentence structure.
Wenn du gehst, mach bitte das Licht aus.
Ich möchte den Computer jetzt ausmachen.
- Home Environment
- At home, 'ausmachen' is ubiquitous. You'll hear it from parents to children ('Mach dein Zimmerlicht aus!' - Turn off your room light!), between partners ('Hast du den Herd ausgemacht?' - Did you turn off the stove?), and when you're getting ready for bed ('Ich mache das Radio aus.' - I'm turning off the radio.). It's a constant part of managing household appliances and lighting. Imagine a family discussing their evening routine: 'Nach dem Abendessen machen wir den Fernseher aus und lesen ein Buch.' (After dinner, we turn off the TV and read a book.) Or a simple reminder before leaving: 'Vergiss nicht, das Licht in der Küche auszumachen.' (Don't forget to turn off the light in the kitchen.)
- Public Spaces
- In public places like offices, schools, or shops, you'll hear 'ausmachen' in similar contexts. A colleague might say, 'Ich mache meinen Computer jetzt aus.' (I'm turning off my computer now.) Or in a classroom setting, a teacher might instruct: 'Bitte machen Sie die Projektoren aus.' (Please turn off the projectors.) Even in a restaurant, if you're leaving and a server notices a device is still on, they might say, 'Soll ich das Gerät für Sie ausmachen?' (Should I turn off the device for you?). It's a common verb in any environment where electrical devices are used and need to be deactivated.
- Travel and Mobility
- When traveling, 'ausmachen' remains essential. In a hotel room, you'll turn off the lights and TV ('Ich mache das Licht aus und gehe schlafen.' - I'm turning off the light and going to sleep.). On public transport, you might be asked to 'machen Sie Ihr Handy aus oder schalten Sie es auf lautlos.' (Turn off your mobile phone or put it on silent.) This highlights its practical application in everyday routines, even when away from home. Even in a car, you'll 'den Motor ausmachen' (turn off the engine) when you arrive at your destination.
- Conversations with Friends
- Among friends, the language might be more casual, but the verb remains the same. 'Hey, mach doch kurz das Licht aus, ich will den Film sehen.' (Hey, quickly turn off the light, I want to watch the movie.) Or discussing plans: 'Lass uns nach dem Konzert die Musik ausmachen.' (Let's turn off the music after the concert.) It's a verb you'll hear naturally integrated into conversations about daily activities and technology use. It's a core verb for expressing the action of deactivation in a wide range of informal and formal settings.
Im Hotelzimmer mache ich immer das Licht aus.
Kannst du den Fernseher ausmachen, bitte?
- Forgetting to Separate
- The most frequent mistake for beginners is forgetting that 'ausmachen' is a separable verb. They might say 'Ich ausmache das Licht' instead of 'Ich mache das Licht aus.' This error occurs because in English, the verb and its particle usually stay together. Remember, in main clauses, the prefix 'aus-' goes to the end. This is a consistent rule for most separable verbs in German. Practicing with many examples will help internalize this rule.
- Incorrect Conjugation
- Another common pitfall is conjugating 'machen' incorrectly. While 'machen' is a regular verb in its stem, learners might struggle with the correct endings for different subjects (ich, du, er/sie/es, wir, ihr, sie/Sie). For example, saying 'Ich mach das Licht aus' is acceptable in very informal spoken German, but the grammatically correct form is 'Ich mache das Licht aus.' Similarly, for 'ihr' (you plural), it's 'Ihr macht das Licht aus.' Ensuring the correct conjugation of 'machen' is vital for clear communication.
- Confusing with Other Verbs
- While 'ausmachen' is specific to turning off devices, learners might sometimes confuse it with verbs that mean 'to close' (schließen) or 'to extinguish' (löschen), especially when talking about lights. For example, saying 'Ich lösche das Licht' is also correct for turning off a light, but 'ausmachen' is more general for appliances. It's important to stick to 'ausmachen' for lights and machines as the primary A1 verb. 'Löschen' is more specific to extinguishing a flame or deleting data.
- Word Order in Subordinate Clauses
- In subordinate clauses (clauses introduced by conjunctions like 'dass', 'weil', 'ob'), the entire verb, including the prefix, moves to the very end of the clause. Learners might incorrectly separate the verb here. For example, a learner might incorrectly say 'Ich weiß nicht, dass ich das Licht ausmache' when it should be 'Ich weiß nicht, dass ich das Licht ausmache.' (I don't know that I am turning off the light.) Or, more commonly, 'Ich weiß nicht, ob ich das Licht ausmachen soll.' (I don't know if I should turn off the light.) This is a more advanced concept, but important to be aware of as you progress.
Falsch: Ich ausmache das Licht. Richtig: Ich mache das Licht aus.
- 'ausschalten' vs. 'ausmachen'
- 'Ausschalten' is a very close synonym for 'ausmachen' when referring to turning off electrical devices. Both are widely used and understood. For A1 learners, you can often use them interchangeably for lights, machines, and appliances. However, 'ausschalten' might sound slightly more technical or formal in some contexts. For instance, you might 'ausschalten' a computer or a complex machine more readily than a simple lamp, though both are acceptable. Think of 'ausschalten' as a direct equivalent for 'to switch off' or 'to power down'.
- 'abstellen'
- 'Abstellen' generally means 'to put down', 'to switch off', or 'to stop' something. It can be used for turning off things like a car engine ('den Motor abstellen') or a tap ('den Wasserhahn abstellen'). While it can sometimes overlap with 'ausmachen' (e.g., turning off a noisy device), 'ausmachen' is more specifically for electrical appliances and lights. 'Abstellen' has a broader meaning of stopping an action or function.
- 'löschen'
- 'Löschen' primarily means 'to extinguish' (like a fire or a candle) or 'to delete' (like data or a file). It can also be used for turning off lights, but it's less common for general appliances than 'ausmachen' or 'ausschalten'. If you're talking about extinguishing a flame, 'löschen' is the correct verb. For turning off a light bulb, 'ausmachen' is more idiomatic for everyday use. For A1, focus on 'ausmachen' and 'ausschalten' for devices.
- 'entfernen' (related concept, not direct synonym)
- 'Entfernen' means 'to remove'. While not a direct synonym for turning something off, it's related in the sense of taking something away from an active state or presence. For example, you might 'das Gerät entfernen' (remove the device) after you've turned it off. This is a more advanced concept and not a direct substitute for 'ausmachen'.
Man kann das Licht ausmachen oder ausschalten.
Ich stelle den Motor ab.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The prefix 'aus-' is very common in German verbs and often indicates a complete action or separation. For example, 'ausgehen' means to go out, 'aussehen' means to look (outwardly), and 'aussprechen' means to speak out. The meaning of 'ausmachen' as 'to turn off' is a specific semantic development of this general prefix.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'ch' sound as 'k' or 'sh'.
- Not separating the prefix 'aus-' in spoken sentences.
- Incorrect vowel sounds in 'au' or 'a'.
難易度
At A1, understanding 'ausmachen' in simple sentences is straightforward. Recognizing it as a separable verb is the main challenge. Texts will likely be short and direct, focusing on daily routines and commands.
Forming basic sentences with 'ausmachen' requires understanding the separable verb structure and correct conjugation. Mistakes in word order are common initially.
Pronouncing and using 'ausmachen' correctly in spoken sentences, especially with the 'aus' at the end, requires practice. The imperative form is very useful for beginners.
Recognizing 'ausmachen' when spoken, particularly with the prefix separated, can be challenging for beginners. Context is key to understanding.
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前提知識
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知っておくべき文法
Separable Verbs
'Ausmachen' is a separable verb. In main clauses, the prefix 'aus-' separates from the verb 'machen' and goes to the end of the sentence. Example: 'Ich mache das Licht aus.'
Imperative Mood
For commands, use the imperative form. 'Mach das Licht aus!' (informal 'you') or 'Machen Sie das Licht aus!' (formal 'you').
Infinitive Constructions
In infinitive clauses (e.g., after modal verbs), the prefix stays attached: 'Ich möchte das Licht ausmachen.'
Perfekt Tense
The past participle of 'ausmachen' is 'ausgemacht'. Example: 'Ich habe das Licht ausgemacht.'
Subordinate Clauses
In subordinate clauses, the entire verb (prefix included) goes to the end. Example: 'Ich weiß nicht, ob ich das Licht ausmachen soll.'
レベル別の例文
Ich mache das Licht aus.
I turn off the light.
'ausmachen' is a separable verb. 'machen' is conjugated, and 'aus' goes to the end.
Bitte mach den Fernseher aus.
Please turn off the TV.
Imperative form for informal 'you' (du).
Wir machen das Radio aus.
We turn off the radio.
Subject 'wir' (we) with conjugated verb 'machen'.
Er macht den Computer aus.
He turns off the computer.
Subject 'er' (he) with conjugated verb 'macht'.
Machst du das Licht aus?
Are you turning off the light?
Question form with subject 'du' (you).
Sie macht den Ventilator aus.
She turns off the fan.
Subject 'sie' (she) with conjugated verb 'macht'.
Ich möchte das Licht ausmachen.
I would like to turn off the light.
Infinitive construction after 'möchte' (would like to). 'ausmachen' stays together.
Das Licht ist an. Ich mache es aus.
The light is on. I am turning it off.
Two simple sentences, demonstrating the action and the result.
Wenn du das Zimmer verlässt, vergiss nicht, das Licht auszumachen.
When you leave the room, don't forget to turn off the light.
Uses a subordinate clause ('wenn du das Zimmer verlässt') and an infinitive construction ('auszumachen').
Kannst du bitte die Heizung ausmachen? Es ist zu warm.
Can you please turn off the heating? It's too warm.
Modal verb 'kannst du' followed by infinitive 'ausmachen' at the end of the clause.
Nach dem Film haben wir den Fernseher ausgeschaltet.
After the movie, we turned off the television.
Using the Perfekt tense with 'ausschalten' (a close synonym).
Ich mache das Fenster zu und den Ventilator aus.
I close the window and turn off the fan.
Two actions connected by 'und', both using separable verbs.
Bevor wir essen, machen wir das Radio aus.
Before we eat, we turn off the radio.
Adverbial clause of time ('Bevor wir essen') followed by the main clause.
Hast du schon den Drucker ausgemacht?
Have you already turned off the printer?
Perfekt tense with 'ausmachen'. 'ausgemacht' is the past participle.
Es ist wichtig, alle Geräte auszuschalten, wenn man das Haus verlässt.
It is important to turn off all devices when one leaves the house.
General statement using infinitive construction with 'auszuschalten'.
Der Wecker ist noch an. Mach ihn bitte aus.
The alarm clock is still on. Turn it off, please.
Imperative command for an object ('ihn' referring to 'der Wecker').
Das macht nichts aus, wenn du etwas später kommst.
It doesn't matter if you arrive a bit later.
Idiomatic use: 'nichts ausmachen' means 'to not matter' or 'to make no difference'.
Wir müssen vereinbaren, wann wir das Projekt abschließen und die Lichter ausmachen.
We need to agree on when we will finish the project and turn off the lights.
Uses 'vereinbaren' (to agree) and 'abschließen' (to finish), alongside 'ausmachen'.
Die Entscheidung, die Lichter auszumachen, spart Energie.
The decision to turn off the lights saves energy.
Nominalization of the action: 'Die Entscheidung, ... auszumachen'.
Er hat versucht, den Lärm auszumachen, aber es war zu laut.
He tried to shut out the noise, but it was too loud.
Figurative use: 'Lärm ausmachen' can mean to shut out or ignore noise.
Ob er die Musik ausmacht, hängt von seiner Laune ab.
Whether he turns off the music depends on his mood.
Subordinate clause introduced by 'ob' (whether), with the verb 'ausmacht' at the end.
Es macht einen großen Unterschied, ob man die Geräte ganz ausmacht oder im Standby-Modus lässt.
It makes a big difference whether you completely turn off the devices or leave them in standby mode.
Uses 'einen großen Unterschied machen' and contrasts 'ganz ausmacht' with 'Standby-Modus'.
Die Kinder haben vergessen, das Spielzeug aufzuräumen, bevor sie das Licht ausgemacht haben.
The children forgot to tidy up the toys before they turned off the light.
Perfekt tense in a subordinate clause ('bevor sie ... ausgemacht haben').
Sie hat ihm erklärt, wie man den neuen Toaster ausmacht.
She explained to him how to turn off the new toaster.
Indirect question structure ('wie man ... ausmacht') within a main clause.
Die genaue Ursache des Problems konnte nicht ausgemacht werden.
The exact cause of the problem could not be determined.
Passive voice: 'konnte nicht ausgemacht werden' (could not be determined/identified).
Es macht viel aus, wenn man die Fenster richtig isoliert.
It makes a big difference if one insulates the windows properly.
Figurative use: 'viel ausmachen' means 'to be of great importance' or 'to have a significant effect'.
Die beiden Parteien konnten sich nicht auf einen Kompromiss ausmachen.
The two parties could not come to an agreement on a compromise.
Figurative use: 'sich auf etwas ausmachen' can mean to agree on or arrange something (often used negatively when agreement fails).
Sein Beitrag zum Erfolg des Projekts ist nicht zu unterschätzen, er macht einen wesentlichen Teil aus.
His contribution to the project's success should not be underestimated; he makes up a significant part.
Uses 'einen wesentlichen Teil ausmachen' (to constitute a significant part).
Wir müssen den genauen Zeitpunkt für die Veranstaltung noch ausmachen.
We still need to arrange the exact time for the event.
Figurative use: 'einen Zeitpunkt ausmachen' means to agree upon or set a specific time.
Die Umweltschutzorganisation fordert, dass alle unnötigen Geräte vollständig ausgemacht werden.
The environmental protection organization demands that all unnecessary devices be completely turned off.
Passive voice in a subordinate clause: 'vollständig ausgemacht werden'.
Es ist schwer, die feinen Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Farben auszumachen.
It is difficult to distinguish the fine differences between the two colors.
Figurative use: 'Unterschiede ausmachen' means to discern or make out differences.
Die Analyse der Daten ergab, dass die Abweichungen nicht signifikant waren und somit kein Problem ausmachten.
The analysis of the data revealed that the deviations were not significant and therefore did not constitute a problem.
Uses 'kein Problem ausmachten' (did not constitute a problem).
Die Verhandlungen zogen sich in die Länge, da die Parteien sich über die wichtigsten Klauseln nicht ausmachen konnten.
The negotiations dragged on because the parties could not agree on the most important clauses.
Figurative use: 'sich über etwas ausmachen' meaning to come to an agreement or settlement.
Es macht den Unterschied, ob man eine Aufgabe proaktiv angeht oder abwartet, bis sie sich von selbst löst.
It makes the difference whether one tackles a task proactively or waits until it resolves itself.
Emphasizes the significance of the action: 'Es macht den Unterschied'.
Die genaue Zusammensetzung dieser Legierung auszumachen, erfordert hochentwickelte analytische Verfahren.
Determining the exact composition of this alloy requires highly developed analytical procedures.
Nominalization of action: 'Die genaue Zusammensetzung ... auszumachen, erfordert...'
Er versuchte, die versteckten Motive hinter seiner Aussage auszumachen, doch sie blieben ihm verborgen.
He tried to discern the hidden motives behind his statement, but they remained hidden from him.
Figurative use: 'Motive ausmachen' meaning to discern or fathom intentions.
Die kulturellen Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Regionen machten sich in der Sprache und den Bräuchen bemerkbar.
The cultural differences between the two regions were noticeable in the language and customs.
Reflexive use: 'sich bemerkbar machen' (to make oneself noticeable) is related, but here 'machten sich ... bemerkbar' indicates the differences were evident.
Es ist entscheidend, dass wir den genauen Zeitpunkt für den Start des Experiments ausmachen, um aussagekräftige Daten zu erhalten.
It is crucial that we agree on the exact time for the start of the experiment to obtain meaningful data.
Formal use of 'einen Zeitpunkt ausmachen' in a scientific context.
Die Analyse der historischen Dokumente erlaubte es, die genauen Ursachen des Konflikts auszumachen.
The analysis of the historical documents allowed for the determination of the exact causes of the conflict.
Formal use of passive infinitive: 'die genauen Ursachen ... auszumachen'.
Die Fähigkeit, zwischen Wahrheit und Fiktion zu unterscheiden, macht einen gebildeten Menschen aus.
The ability to distinguish between truth and fiction constitutes an educated person.
Abstract use: 'macht einen Menschen aus' meaning to characterize or define someone.
Das Fehlen einer klaren strategischen Ausrichtung machte den Erfolg des Unternehmens zunichte.
The lack of a clear strategic direction nullified the company's success.
Figurative use: 'machte ... zunichte' (nullified/destroyed), where 'ausmachen' is implied in the sense of 'constituting' the success that was then negated.
Die Nuancen in der Interpretation des Gesetzes konnten nur von den erfahrensten Juristen ausgemacht werden.
The nuances in the interpretation of the law could only be discerned by the most experienced lawyers.
Highly specialized use of 'ausmachen' for discerning subtle legal points.
Es ist nicht leicht, die feinen Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen philosophischen Strömungen auszumachen.
It is not easy to make out the fine differences between the various philosophical currents.
Academic and abstract use, requiring deep understanding to differentiate.
Die Identifizierung der präzisen Ursachen für das Massensterben erforderte eine interdisziplinäre Herangehensweise, um alle Faktoren ausmachen zu können.
The identification of the precise causes for the mass extinction required an interdisciplinary approach to be able to ascertain all factors.
Complex sentence structure with multiple subordinate clauses, using 'ausmachen' in a scientific context.
Die Kunst des Verhandelns besteht darin, die wahren Interessen der Gegenseite auszumachen, auch wenn sie nicht explizit geäußert werden.
The art of negotiation lies in discerning the true interests of the other party, even if they are not explicitly stated.
Sophisticated use in diplomacy and negotiation, implying deep insight.
Der Autor versucht, die unterschwelligen Botschaften in der Literatur seiner Zeit auszumachen, um die gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen zu verstehen.
The author attempts to discern the subliminal messages in the literature of his time to understand societal changes.
Literary analysis context, requiring subtle interpretation.
Es macht den Kern seiner Argumentation aus, dass die Freiheit des Individuums oberste Priorität haben muss.
The core of his argument is that individual freedom must have the highest priority.
Abstract and philosophical use: 'macht den Kern aus' (constitutes the core).
Die Fähigkeit, sowohl die offensichtlichen als auch die verborgenen Bedeutungen eines Textes auszumachen, kennzeichnet einen meisterhaften Leser.
The ability to discern both the obvious and hidden meanings of a text characterizes a masterful reader.
Elevated language describing a high level of literary comprehension.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Turn off the light! This is a common command used in homes.
Es ist spät, mach bitte das Licht aus.
— I'm turning it off. Used when referring to a device that is understood from context.
Der Fernseher läuft noch. Ich mache es aus.
— Did you turn off ...? A common question to check if an action has been completed.
Hast du die Kaffeemaschine ausgemacht?
— We have to turn off ... Used when stating a necessity.
Wir müssen die Heizung ausmachen, sonst wird es zu heiß.
— Please turn off ... A polite request.
Bitte den Motor ausmachen, wenn Sie parken.
— Can you turn off ...? A polite question asking for help.
Kannst du bitte das Licht ausmachen?
— I would like to turn off ... Expressing a desire or intention.
Ich möchte den Computer jetzt ausmachen.
— Before we go, turn off ... Used for pre-departure routines.
Bevor wir gehen, müssen wir alle Lichter ausmachen.
— That doesn't matter / It makes no difference. An idiomatic expression.
Ob du fünf Minuten später kommst, das macht nichts aus.
— That makes a difference. Used to emphasize the impact of something.
Wenn wir recyceln, macht das einen Unterschied für die Umwelt.
よく混同される語
'Anmachen' is the direct opposite of 'ausmachen', meaning 'to turn on'. For example, 'Bitte mach das Licht an.' (Please turn on the light.) It's crucial to distinguish between turning something on and off.
'Ausschalten' is a very close synonym for 'ausmachen', meaning 'to switch off' or 'to power down'. While often interchangeable for devices, 'ausschalten' can sometimes sound more technical. Both are common and widely understood.
'Machen' is the base verb meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. 'Ausmachen' is a separable verb formed from 'machen' and the prefix 'aus-'. It's important to remember that 'ausmachen' has a specific meaning related to deactivation, distinct from the general meaning of 'machen'.
慣用句と表現
— This idiom means 'it doesn't matter', 'it makes no difference', or 'it's no problem'. It's used to dismiss a concern or a minor issue.
Wenn du heute nicht kommen kannst, das macht nichts aus. Wir treffen uns nächste Woche.
Informal/Neutral— This means 'it makes a difference' or 'it has an impact'. It's used to highlight the significance of something.
Jeder kleine Beitrag macht einen Unterschied im Kampf gegen den Klimawandel.
Neutral— To constitute a significant part or portion of something. It emphasizes the importance or proportion of something.
Die erneuerbaren Energien machen bereits einen wesentlichen Teil unseres Stromverbrauchs aus.
Formal/Technical— To arrange, agree upon, or decide on something, often a meeting time or an agreement. This use is more abstract than turning off devices.
Wir müssen noch ausmachen, wann wir uns treffen.
Neutral— To make out or recognize someone, especially from a distance or in difficult conditions. It implies identifying someone visually.
Im Nebel konnte ich ihn kaum ausmachen.
Neutral— To identify or determine the causes of something, often a problem or an event. This implies analytical work.
Die Polizei versucht immer noch, die Ursachen des Unfalls auszumachen.
Formal/Technical— To come to an agreement or settlement with someone. Often used negatively when agreement fails.
Sie konnten sich über den Preis nicht ausmachen.
Formal— To amount to, constitute, or represent a certain value or quantity.
Sein Vermögen macht Millionen aus.
Neutral/Formal— To characterize or define someone or something; to be what makes them unique.
Seine Hilfsbereitschaft macht ihn als Person aus.
Neutral/Formal— To make noise, or sometimes, to shut out noise (less common). The primary meaning is to produce noise.
Die Kinder machen einen furchtbaren Lärm.
Informal/Neutral間違えやすい
It's the direct antonym and shares the same verb structure (separable verb).
'Anmachen' means to turn ON a device or light, while 'ausmachen' means to turn OFF. For example, 'Ich <strong>mache</strong> das Licht <strong>an</strong>.' (I turn on the light.) vs. 'Ich <strong>mache</strong> das Licht <strong>aus</strong>.' (I turn off the light.)
Bitte <strong>mach</strong> das Licht <strong>an</strong>, es ist dunkel. / Bitte <strong>mach</strong> das Licht <strong>aus</strong>, ich will schlafen.
It's a very close synonym with a similar meaning and separable verb structure.
'Ausschalten' and 'ausmachen' are often interchangeable for turning off electrical devices. 'Ausschalten' might be perceived as slightly more technical or formal in some contexts. For example, 'Kannst du den Computer <strong>ausschalten</strong>?' is perfectly fine, as is 'Kannst du den Computer <strong>ausmachen</strong>?'.
Ich <strong>schalte</strong> den Fernseher <strong>aus</strong>. / Ich <strong>mache</strong> den Fernseher <strong>aus</strong>.
It can also mean to switch off or stop something.
'Abstellen' is often used for stopping engines ('den Motor abstellen'), taps ('den Wasserhahn abstellen'), or putting something down. While it can sometimes be used for devices, 'ausmachen' is more specific for electrical appliances and lights. 'Abstellen' implies stopping a function or flow, whereas 'ausmachen' focuses on deactivating power.
<strong>Stell</strong> den Motor <strong>ab</strong>. (Stop the engine.) vs. <strong>Mach</strong> das Licht <strong>aus</strong>. (Turn off the light.)
It can mean to extinguish, which applies to lights or fires.
'Löschen' primarily means to extinguish a fire or to delete data. While you can say 'das Feuer löschen' (extinguish the fire), 'ausmachen' is more commonly used for turning off lights and electrical devices. 'Ich <strong>lösche</strong> die Kerze.' (I extinguish the candle.) vs. 'Ich <strong>mache</strong> die Lampe <strong>aus</strong>.' (I turn off the lamp.)
Bitte <strong>lösche</strong> das Feuer. / Bitte <strong>mach</strong> das Licht <strong>aus</strong>.
It's the base verb from which 'ausmachen' is formed.
'Machen' is a general verb meaning 'to make' or 'to do'. 'Ausmachen' is a specific separable verb with the meaning 'to turn off' (devices, lights). You cannot simply substitute 'machen' for 'ausmachen' when you mean 'to turn off'.
Ich <strong>mache</strong> einen Kuchen. (I am making a cake.) vs. Ich <strong>mache</strong> das Licht <strong>aus</strong>. (I am turning off the light.)
文型パターン
Subject + machen (conjugated) + Object + aus.
Ich <strong>mache</strong> das Licht <strong>aus</strong>.
Imperative (du) + Object + aus!
<strong>Mach</strong> das Radio <strong>aus</strong>!
Subject + möchten + Object + ausmachen.
Ich <strong>möchte</strong> den Fernseher <strong>ausmachen</strong>.
Modal verb + Subject + Object + ausmachen.
Kannst du das Licht <strong>ausmachen</strong>?
Subject + haben + Object + ausgemacht. (Perfekt)
Wir <strong>haben</strong> den Computer <strong>ausgemacht</strong>.
Conjunction + Subject + ... + ausmachen. (Subordinate clause)
Ich weiß, dass er das Licht <strong>ausmacht</strong>.
Object + werden + ... + ausgemacht. (Passive)
Der Fernseher <strong>wird</strong> jetzt <strong>ausgemacht</strong>.
Figurative: Subject + macht + phrase + aus.
Das <strong>macht</strong> nichts <strong>aus</strong>.
語族
名詞
動詞
関連
使い方
Very High
-
Forgetting to separate the prefix 'aus-'.
→
Ich <strong>mache</strong> das Licht <strong>aus</strong>.
In main clauses, the prefix of separable verbs like 'ausmachen' separates and goes to the end of the sentence. Saying 'Ich ausmache das Licht' is incorrect.
-
Incorrect conjugation of 'machen'.
→
Er <strong>macht</strong> den Computer aus.
Ensure you use the correct form of 'machen' for the subject. For 'er/sie/es', it's 'macht'. For 'ich', it's 'mache'.
-
Using 'machen' instead of 'ausmachen'.
→
Ich <strong>mache</strong> das Licht <strong>aus</strong>.
While 'machen' means 'to make/do', it doesn't mean 'to turn off'. You need the full separable verb 'ausmachen' for this specific action.
-
Separating the verb in subordinate clauses.
→
Ich weiß nicht, ob ich das Licht <strong>ausmache</strong>.
In subordinate clauses (starting with words like 'dass', 'weil', 'ob'), the entire verb, including the prefix, stays together at the end. Saying 'ob ich das Licht aus mache' is incorrect.
-
Confusing 'ausmachen' with 'löschen' for devices.
→
Ich <strong>mache</strong> die Lampe <strong>aus</strong>.
'Löschen' is primarily for extinguishing fires or deleting data. While sometimes used colloquially for lights, 'ausmachen' or 'ausschalten' are the standard verbs for electrical devices.
ヒント
The Separable Verb Rule
Remember that 'ausmachen' is a separable verb. In main clauses, the prefix 'aus-' separates from 'machen' and moves to the end. Practice this rule consistently: 'Ich mache den Fernseher aus.'
The 'ch' Sound
The 'ch' in 'machen' is a guttural sound made at the back of the throat. It's not like the 'ch' in 'chair' or 'sh'. Practice saying 'ach', 'ich', and 'machen' to get the pronunciation right.
Daily Routine Integration
Consciously use 'ausmachen' whenever you turn off a light or device for a week. Say it to yourself or out loud. This active use is the best way to learn.
'Ausmachen' vs. 'Ausschalten'
'Ausschalten' is a close synonym. For A1, you can often use them interchangeably for devices. Just know that 'ausmachen' is very common and versatile.
The Opposite: 'Anmachen'
The direct opposite of 'ausmachen' is 'anmachen' (to turn on). Learn them together: 'Licht anmachen' and 'Licht ausmachen'.
Visual Link
Imagine a light switch going 'out' of its 'on' position. 'Aus' means out, and 'machen' means to make. You are 'making' it go 'out'.
Infinitive Form
When 'ausmachen' is used as an infinitive (e.g., after a modal verb like 'möchten'), the prefix stays attached: 'Ich möchte das Licht ausmachen.'
Common in Homes
You'll hear and use 'ausmachen' constantly at home when talking about lights, TVs, radios, and other appliances. It's a verb for everyday actions.
'Das macht nichts aus'
Learn this useful idiom meaning 'it doesn't matter' or 'it makes no difference'. It's a common phrase you'll encounter.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a light switch that you are 'making' go 'out'. You are 'making' the light disappear or go 'out' by pressing the switch. So, 'ausmachen' = 'making out' (the light).
視覚的連想
Picture a light bulb with a big red 'X' or a power button symbol over it, signifying that it's being turned 'out' or 'off'. Connect this image to the word 'ausmachen'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
For the next 24 hours, consciously notice every time you turn off a light, a TV, a computer, or any other device. Say 'Ich mache es aus' or 'Ich mache [device name] aus' in your head or out loud. This active noticing will help embed the verb in your memory.
語源
The verb 'ausmachen' is derived from the verb 'machen' (to make/do) combined with the prefix 'aus-' (out). The prefix 'aus-' often indicates a separation, completion, or outward movement.
元の意味： Literally, 'to make out' or 'to do out'. Over time, this evolved to mean 'to turn off' or 'to extinguish' when applied to devices, implying the cessation of their function or output.
Germanic文化的な背景
No specific sensitivity concerns related to this verb's primary meaning.
In English, we have many verbs for turning things off: 'turn off', 'switch off', 'power down', 'shut down', 'extinguish'. 'Ausmachen' covers many of these actions in German, making it a very versatile verb.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Leaving a room or house
- Ich mache das Licht aus.
- Hast du alle Geräte ausgemacht?
- Vergiss nicht, die Heizung auszumachen.
End of the day/going to bed
- Ich mache den Fernseher aus.
- Ich mache die Lampe aus.
- Wir machen das Radio aus.
Using household appliances
- Kannst du den Mixer ausmachen?
- Mach die Kaffeemaschine aus.
- Ich mache den Ofen aus.
Requests and commands
- Mach das Licht aus!
- Bitte mach den Computer aus.
- Kannst du das bitte ausmachen?
Talking about energy saving
- Wir müssen Strom sparen, also machen wir alles aus.
- Es ist wichtig, die Geräte auszuschalten.
- Beim Verlassen des Hauses immer das Licht ausmachen.
会話のきっかけ
"What devices do you usually turn off when you leave a room?"
"Do you remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed?"
"What's the first thing you turn off when you get home?"
"How often do you forget to turn off the TV?"
"What's your routine for turning off electronics at night?"
日記のテーマ
Describe your evening routine, including all the things you turn off. Use the verb 'ausmachen'.
Write a short dialogue between two people where one asks the other to turn something off. Use 'ausmachen' multiple times.
Imagine you are explaining to a non-German speaker how to turn off a light. Write the instructions using 'ausmachen'.
Reflect on why it's important to turn off devices when not in use. Use 'ausmachen' in your sentences.
Write a story about forgetting to turn something off and the consequences. Use 'ausmachen' and its past participle 'ausgemacht'.
よくある質問
10 問The primary meaning of 'ausmachen' for A1 learners is indeed turning off lights, machines, and electronic devices. However, as you progress, you'll learn that 'ausmachen' has other meanings, such as 'to matter' ('Das macht nichts aus'), 'to agree on' ('einen Termin ausmachen'), or 'to discern' ('Ursachen ausmachen'). Focus on the 'turning off' meaning first.
'Ausschalten' is a very close synonym for 'ausmachen' when referring to electrical devices. Both are widely used and understood. For A1 learners, you can often use them interchangeably. 'Ausschalten' might sound slightly more technical or formal in some contexts, but for everyday purposes, they are very similar.
'Ausmachen' is a separable verb. In main clauses, the prefix ('aus-') separates from the verb stem ('machen') and moves to the end of the sentence. This is a common grammatical feature in German. For example: 'Ich mache das Licht aus.'
You can say 'Ich mache den Motor aus', which is understandable. However, 'den Motor abstellen' is more common and idiomatic for turning off a car engine. Stick to 'ausmachen' for lights and electronics initially.
The opposite of 'ausmachen' (to turn off) is 'anmachen' (to turn on). So, if you want to turn on the light, you would say: 'Ich mache das Licht an.'
Primarily, yes, for the A1 level. It's used for lights, radios, TVs, computers, fans, heaters, etc. It can also be used for extinguishing a fire ('das Feuer ausmachen'), but this is a specific context. For general devices, think electronics and lights.
The past participle is 'ausgemacht'. You form the perfect tense using the auxiliary verb 'haben'. For example: 'Ich habe das Licht ausgemacht.' (I have turned off the light.)
In main clauses, yes. However, in subordinate clauses or infinitive constructions, the verb stays together. For example: 'Ich möchte das Licht ausmachen.' (I would like to turn off the light.) or 'Ich weiß nicht, ob ich das Licht ausmache.' (I don't know if I turn off the light.)
Many German verbs are separable. Common examples include 'anmachen' (to turn on), 'aufmachen' (to open), 'zumachen' (to close), 'einkaufen' (to shop), and 'mitbringen' (to bring along). They all follow similar grammatical rules regarding prefix separation.
'Löschen' is used for extinguishing things like fire or candles ('das Feuer löschen', 'die Kerze löschen') or for deleting data ('Daten löschen'). While you might say 'das Licht löschen' colloquially, 'ausmachen' or 'ausschalten' are more standard for electrical lights.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Master 'ausmachen' to talk about turning off lights and devices. Remember it's a separable verb: 'Ich <strong>mache</strong> das Licht <strong>aus</strong>.'
- Turn off lights, machines, devices.
- Opposite of 'anmachen' (turn on).
- Separable verb: 'Ich mache das Licht aus'.
- Common in daily life.
The Separable Verb Rule
Remember that 'ausmachen' is a separable verb. In main clauses, the prefix 'aus-' separates from 'machen' and moves to the end. Practice this rule consistently: 'Ich mache den Fernseher aus.'
The 'ch' Sound
The 'ch' in 'machen' is a guttural sound made at the back of the throat. It's not like the 'ch' in 'chair' or 'sh'. Practice saying 'ach', 'ich', and 'machen' to get the pronunciation right.
Context is Key
While 'ausmachen' primarily means 'to turn off', pay attention to context as it can have other meanings in more advanced German. For now, focus on its core meaning with devices.
Daily Routine Integration
Consciously use 'ausmachen' whenever you turn off a light or device for a week. Say it to yourself or out loud. This active use is the best way to learn.
関連コンテンツ
関連フレーズ
homeの関連語
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Abfluss
B1drain
abgenutzt
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abhängen
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abreißen
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abstauben
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Abstellraum
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