bellen
Overview
The German word 'bellen' primarily means 'to bark,' as in the sound a dog makes. However, like many words, its meaning can extend metaphorically or be used in different contexts. Here's a detailed guide to 'bellen':
1. Primary Meaning: To Bark
- Definition: To make the characteristic sharp, explosive cry of a dog, fox, or other canid.
* **Examples:**
- 'Der Hund bellt laut.' (The dog barks loudly.)
- 'Ein kleiner Hund begann zu bellen.' (A small dog started to bark.)
- 'Sie hörte ihren Nachbarshund die ganze Nacht bellen.' (She heard her neighbor's dog bark all night.)
* sie/Sie bellten
- Present Perfect (Perfekt): hat gebellt (e.g., 'Der Hund hat gebellt.')
- Past Perfect (Plusquamperfekt): hatte gebellt (e.g., 'Der Hund hatte gebellt.')
- Future (Futur I): wird bellen (e.g., 'Der Hund wird bellen.')
* (Sie) bellen Sie!
2. Idiomatic and Figurative Usage:
While 'bellen' primarily refers to dogs, it can be used figuratively to describe sounds or actions that are sharp, aggressive, or demanding, though this is less common than in English with 'barking orders,' for example.
- Figurative Example (less common, but possible):
- One might say 'jemanden anschelten' (to scold someone) or 'jemanden anschreien' (to shout at someone) rather than using 'bellen' for a human, unless emphasizing a very harsh, dog-like tone.
3. Related Nouns and Expressions:
- Das Bellen: The barking (noun, often used in the context of the sound itself).
- 'Das Bellen des Hundes störte die Ruhe.' (The barking of the dog disturbed the peace.)
- Anbellen: To bark at someone/something.
- 'Der Hund bellte den Postboten an.' (The dog barked at the postman.) This is a separable verb.
- Verbellen: To bark away, to chase away by barking (less common).
4. Common Phrases and Contexts:
- Laut bellen: To bark loudly.
- Wütend bellen: To bark angrily.
- Den Mond anbellen: To bark at the moon (a metaphorical expression meaning to complain fruitlessly or waste effort).
In summary, 'bellen' is a straightforward and frequently used verb in German, almost exclusively associated with the sound of a dog. Its conjugation is regular, making it relatively easy to master. Understanding its primary meaning and a few related terms will cover most uses.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく混同される語
文法パターン
使い方
使い方のコツ
When using 'bellen,' the most common application is to describe the sound made by a dog. For example, 'Der Hund bellt laut' translates to 'The dog barks loudly.' It is a regular weak verb, so its conjugations follow standard patterns (e.g., 'ich belle,' 'du bellst,' 'er/sie/es bellt,' 'wir bellen,' 'ihr bellt,' 'sie/Sie bellen'). The past tense is formed with 'hat gebellt' (e.g., 'Der Hund hat gebellt'). Metaphorically, one might say 'jemanden anbelllen' (to bark at someone) to describe speaking to someone in a very harsh or aggressive tone. For instance, 'Er bellte mich an' means 'He barked at me.' It's important to consider the context to differentiate between the literal dog barking and the metaphorical human shouting. While 'bellen' is generally about loud, sharp sounds, for human speech, it strongly implies aggression or impatience, unlike more neutral verbs for speaking like 'sprechen' or 'sagen.'
よくある間違い
Confusing it with 'bestellen' (to order) due to similar sound, or using 'bellen' for human shouting (which would be 'schreien').
ヒント
Related words
Common mistake
Usage in idioms
語源
From Middle High German bellen, from Old High German bellan, from Proto-Germanic *bellaną (to roar, to bark). Cognate with Old English bellan (to roar, to bark) and Old Norse belja (to roar). The imitative origin is evident in the sound of barking. The word has been consistently used in Germanic languages to describe the characteristic sound made by dogs. Its roots can be traced back over 2000 years within the Indo-European language family, reflecting a shared linguistic ancestry related to sounds of animals. Over time, while the core meaning has remained 'to bark', its usage has also extended metaphorically in some contexts, though less commonly than in English (e.g., 'to bark orders'). The evolution of the word showcases the stability of onomatopoeic words in language over millennia.
文化的な背景
The German word 'bellen' primarily means 'to bark,' as in the sound a dog makes. In a broader sense, it can also refer to a loud, aggressive shout or yell, similar to how one might bark out an order or a command. This duality in meaning highlights its connection to forceful and often abrupt vocalizations. Culturally, dogs are very common pets in Germany, and the sound of barking is a familiar part of everyday life. The word itself is onomatopoeic to some extent, as the 'ell' sound can evoke the sharp, short sound of a bark. It's a fundamental verb for describing animal sounds and can also be used metaphorically to describe human behavior that mimics the intensity or abruptness of a dog's bark.
覚え方のコツ
Think of a 'bell' ringing loudly like a dog barking.
よくある質問
4 問自分をテスト
Der Hund ______ laut im Garten.
Die Hunde ______ die ganze Nacht.
Hast du gehört, wie der Hund ______ hat?
スコア： /3
Related words
Common mistake
Usage in idioms
例文
In context, `bellen` expresses: to bark.
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