Niesen 30秒で
- Niesen: To sneeze (verb).
- Common reflex to irritants like dust, pollen.
- Polite response: Gesundheit!
- Used in everyday conversation and medical contexts.
The German verb "niesen" translates directly to "to sneeze" in English. It describes the involuntary, sudden, and often noisy expulsion of air from the nose and mouth, typically caused by irritation of the nasal passages. This reflex is a natural bodily function that everyone experiences at some point.
- Common Triggers
- Common triggers for sneezing include dust, pollen (hay fever), strong perfumes, pepper, cold air, and certain viruses or bacteria that cause colds or flu. When these irritants are detected, the body initiates a sneeze to expel them.
- Social Context
- In social situations, it's customary to say "Gesundheit!" (health!) after someone sneezes. This is similar to saying "Bless you!" in English. It's a polite gesture acknowledging the sneeze and wishing the person well. Not saying anything can sometimes be perceived as a bit impolite, especially in more formal settings or when in close proximity to others.
- When to Use "Niesen"
- You would use "niesen" when describing the act of sneezing itself, or when talking about a person or animal that is sneezing. For example, if someone is suffering from allergies, you might say, "Er muss wegen des Heuschnupfens ständig niesen" (He has to sneeze constantly because of the hay fever). If you feel a sneeze coming on, you might say, "Ich muss niesen" (I have to sneeze).
- Variations
- While "niesen" is the most common verb, you might also hear or read about "ein Nieser" (a sneeze) as a noun. The act of sneezing is a universal human experience, and understanding this basic verb is a good step in learning German, especially for everyday conversations.
Aha! Ich muss niesen!
The cat made him niesen.
- Irritants
- Dust and pollen are very common irritants that can cause people to sneeze frequently, especially during certain seasons. This is often referred to as "Heuschnupfen" (hay fever) in German.
- Reflex Action
- Sneezing is an involuntary reflex. This means you cannot consciously control it. It's a protective mechanism of the body.
- Medical Context
- Doctors might ask about sneezing patterns if a patient has respiratory symptoms. Frequent sneezing can indicate allergies or a cold.
Understanding how to use "niesen" in various sentence structures is crucial for fluent German communication. This verb is relatively straightforward and is often used in simple declarative sentences, questions, and even in more descriptive contexts. It conjugates like most regular weak verbs in German.
- Present Tense
- In the present tense, "niesen" follows standard conjugation rules. For example:
- Ich niese (I sneeze)
- Du niest (You sneeze - informal singular)
- Er/Sie/Es niest (He/She/It sneezes)
- Wir niesen (We sneeze)
- Ihr niest (You sneeze - informal plural)
- Sie niesen (They sneeze / You sneeze - formal singular/plural)
- Past Tense (Perfekt)
- The Perfekt tense, commonly used in spoken German, is formed with the auxiliary verb "haben" and the past participle "geniest".
- Ich habe geniest. (I have sneezed.)
- Sie hat gestern mehrmals geniest. (She sneezed several times yesterday.)
- Imperative Mood
- While not common to command someone to sneeze, the imperative form exists. More practically, you might use it in a phrase like "Hör auf zu niesen!" (Stop sneezing!).
- Using with Modal Verbs
- When used with modal verbs like "können" (can), "müssen" (must), or "wollen" (want), the infinitive form "niesen" is placed at the end of the sentence.
- Ich kann nicht aufhören zu niesen. (I can't stop sneezing.)
- Du musst nicht bei jedem Staubkorn niesen. (You don't have to sneeze at every speck of dust.)
- Sentences about Symptoms
- "Niesen" is frequently used when discussing symptoms of colds, allergies, or other irritations.
- Meine Nase juckt und ich muss ständig niesen. (My nose is itchy and I have to sneeze constantly.)
- Wenn die Pollen fliegen, fängt sie an zu niesen. (When the pollen is in the air, she starts to sneeze.)
Warum niest du so oft?
Der Staub hat mich zum Niesen gebracht.
Es ist unangenehm, wenn man mitten im Satz niesen muss.
You will hear the verb "niesen" in a variety of everyday situations in German-speaking countries. Its prevalence is directly tied to the commonality of sneezing itself. From casual conversations to medical consultations, this word is a staple of basic German vocabulary.
- Everyday Conversations
- In casual chats with friends or family, someone might say, "Ich musste gerade so doll niesen!" (I just had to sneeze so hard!). Or, if you are in a group and someone sneezes, you'll hear others say, "Gesundheit!" This is the direct social response to someone who just performed the action of "niesen".
- Medical Settings
- At the doctor's office or pharmacy, "niesen" is a common term. A doctor might ask, "Wie oft niesen Sie pro Tag?" (How often do you sneeze per day?) or a pharmacist might inquire about your symptoms, including "Haben Sie auch Schnupfen oder müssen Sie viel niesen?" (Do you also have a runny nose or do you sneeze a lot?).
- Public Transport and Offices
- If someone sneezes loudly on a bus, train, or in an office, you might hear a few "Gesundheit!" responses. Sometimes, people might apologize if they sneeze without covering their mouth, saying "Entschuldigung, ich musste niesen." (Sorry, I had to sneeze).
- Media and Entertainment
- In German films, TV shows, or books, characters might sneeze due to allergies, dust, or illness. For instance, a character in a comedy might sneeze repeatedly due to an exaggerated reaction to something, leading to humorous situations. The dialogue would naturally include "niesen".
- Discussions about Health and Weather
- When discussing seasonal allergies or the common cold, "niesen" will inevitably come up. Conversations about the changing weather, especially spring or autumn when pollen counts are high, often involve talk of who is sneezing and why. For example, "Der Frühling ist schön, aber ich niese deswegen immer so viel." (Spring is beautiful, but I always sneeze so much because of it).
- Animal Interactions
- If a pet, like a cat or dog, causes someone to sneeze, a German speaker might say, "Die Katze hat mich zum niesen gebracht." (The cat made me sneeze).
Bitte decken Sie sich zu, wenn Sie niesen müssen.
While "niesen" is a fundamental verb, learners might occasionally make mistakes, especially concerning its conjugation or when trying to express related concepts. Being aware of these potential pitfalls can help you use the word more accurately.
- Incorrect Conjugation
- One common mistake is with the irregular conjugation of verbs in the second and third person singular present tense. For "niesen", it is "du niest" and "er/sie/es niest", not "niesst" as one might incorrectly assume by analogy with some other verbs. Forgetting the umlaut or the correct vowel change can lead to errors.
- Using the Wrong Auxiliary Verb
- In the Perfekt tense, "niesen" correctly uses "haben" as the auxiliary verb. Learners might mistakenly use "sein", which is reserved for verbs of motion or change of state. So, it's "Ich habe geniest" (I have sneezed), not "Ich bin geniest".
- Confusing "Niesen" with Similar Concepts
- While "niesen" is specific to sneezing, learners might sometimes confuse it with related actions or symptoms. For example, confusing the act of sneezing with coughing ("husten") or having a runny nose ("schnupfen"). It's important to remember that "niesen" is the expulsion of air from the nose and mouth, not a cough or a runny nose itself.
- Overuse or Underuse of "Gesundheit"
- While not a grammatical mistake, social faux pas can occur. Some learners might forget to say "Gesundheit!" after someone sneezes, which can be perceived as impolite. Conversely, saying it excessively or in inappropriate contexts might also sound strange. The key is to use it as a polite acknowledgement.
- Misplacing the Infinitive
- When "niesen" is used with a modal verb (e.g., "müssen", "können"), the infinitive form "niesen" must go to the very end of the clause. A common error is to place it elsewhere, for example: "Ich muss niesen nicht mehr" (Incorrect). The correct structure is: "Ich muss nicht mehr niesen." (I don't have to sneeze anymore).
- Using the Noun Incorrectly
- While "niesen" is primarily a verb, its noun form is "der Nieser" (a sneeze). Learners might try to conjugate the noun or use it in verb-like ways, which is incorrect. For example, saying "Ich der Nieser" instead of "Ich muss niesen" or "Ich habe einen Nieser gehabt".
Er hat geniest, nicht er ist geniest.
While "niesen" is the standard and most direct German word for "to sneeze," there are related terms and phrases that might be used in specific contexts or to describe similar bodily reactions. Understanding these can enrich your vocabulary and provide more nuanced ways to express yourself.
- "Der Nieser" (Noun)
- This is the noun form, meaning "a sneeze." It refers to the act or the sound of sneezing itself. For example: "Ich musste einen starken Nieser unterdrücken." (I had to suppress a strong sneeze.)
- "Husten" (Verb)
- This means "to cough." While both are involuntary expulsions of air, coughing originates from the throat and lungs, while sneezing originates from the nose. It's important not to confuse the two.
- "Schnupfen" (Noun) / "Schniefen" (Verb)
- "Schnupfen" refers to a common cold or a runny nose. "Schniefen" is the verb "to sniffle." These are related symptoms that often accompany sneezing, but they are distinct actions.
- "Atemnot" (Noun)
- This means "shortness of breath" or "difficulty breathing." While severe allergic reactions can sometimes involve difficulty breathing, "niesen" itself is not related to this condition.
- "Reizung" (Noun)
- This means "irritation." Sneezing is often a response to irritation in the nasal passages. You might say, "Die Reizung in meiner Nase verursacht häufiges Niesen." (The irritation in my nose causes frequent sneezing.)
- "Allergie" (Noun)
- This is "allergy." Many people sneeze because of allergies. "Mein Heuschnupfen lässt mich ständig niesen." (My hay fever makes me sneeze constantly.)
- "Etwas in der Nase haben" (Idiomatic Phrase)
- This literally means "to have something in the nose." It can be used colloquially to explain why someone might sneeze, implying a tickle or an irritant. "Ich glaube, ich habe gerade etwas in der Nase, ich muss gleich niesen." (I think I have something in my nose, I'm about to sneeze.)
Statt zu husten, fing er an zu niesen.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The Indo-European root for 'niesen' is also related to words for 'to blow' or 'to spit' in some languages, highlighting the ancient connection to expelling substances from the body. The common response 'Gesundheit!' (Health!) is a testament to how sneezing was historically viewed as a potential sign of illness.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 's' as an unvoiced 's' sound (like in 'sun') instead of a voiced 'z' sound.
- Shortening the 'ie' vowel sound.
- Incorrectly stressing the second syllable.
難易度
The verb 'niesen' itself is basic (A2 CEFR). However, understanding its nuances in more complex sentences, especially in medical or scientific contexts, can increase the difficulty. Texts discussing allergies, respiratory issues, or physiological reflexes will feature 'niesen' in more challenging sentence structures.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Conjugation of weak verbs in the present tense.
Ich niese, du niest, er/sie/es niest.
Formation of the Perfekt tense with 'haben'.
Ich habe geniest.
Use of modal verbs with infinitive at the end.
Ich muss niesen.
Subordinate clauses with 'weil' (because).
Ich niese, weil der Staub mich reizt.
Causative constructions with 'lassen' and 'machen'.
Der Staub lässt mich niesen.
レベル別の例文
Ich muss niesen.
I have to sneeze.
Simple present tense of 'niesen'.
Der Staub macht mich niesen.
The dust makes me sneeze.
Causative construction with 'machen'.
Gesundheit!
Bless you!
Common polite response to a sneeze.
Sie niest oft.
She sneezes often.
Third-person singular present tense.
Er hat geniest.
He has sneezed.
Perfekt tense with 'haben'.
Ich glaube, ich muss niesen.
I think I have to sneeze.
Expressing anticipation of sneezing.
Der Wind lässt mich niesen.
The wind makes me sneeze.
Causative with 'lassen'.
Das ist ein starker Nieser!
That's a strong sneeze!
Using the noun 'Nieser'.
Wenn ich Pfeffer rieche, muss ich niesen.
When I smell pepper, I have to sneeze.
Subordinate clause with 'wenn'.
Meine Nase juckt und ich muss niesen.
My nose is itchy and I have to sneeze.
Compound sentence with 'und'.
Der Arzt fragte, ob ich viel niesen würde.
The doctor asked if I sneezed a lot.
Indirect speech with 'ob'.
Können Sie aufhören zu niesen?
Can you stop sneezing?
Modal verb 'können' with infinitive.
Ich habe den ganzen Morgen geniest.
I sneezed all morning.
Perfekt tense, duration.
Es ist unangenehm, mitten im Gespräch zu niesen.
It is unpleasant to sneeze in the middle of a conversation.
Gerund-like construction with infinitive.
Die Katze hat mich zum Niesen gebracht.
The cat made me sneeze.
Causative construction with 'bringen'.
Manchmal niest man ohne Grund.
Sometimes one sneezes for no reason.
Impersonal pronoun 'man'.
Wegen der starken Parfüms musste sie unkontrolliert niesen.
Because of the strong perfumes, she had to sneeze uncontrollably.
Causal relationship with 'wegen'.
Er versucht, sein Niesen zu unterdrücken, aber es gelingt ihm nicht.
He tries to suppress his sneeze, but he doesn't succeed.
Reflexive verb 'sich unterdrücken'.
Die plötzliche Kälte löste bei ihr ein starkes Niesen aus.
The sudden cold triggered a strong sneeze in her.
Noun phrase describing the cause of sneezing.
Man sagt, wenn man niest, denkt jemand an einen.
They say that when you sneeze, someone is thinking of you.
Reported speech with 'sagen'.
Sie hat sich für ihr lautes Niesen entschuldigt.
She apologized for her loud sneeze.
Reflexive verb 'sich entschuldigen'.
Wenn die Pollensaison beginnt, kann ich kaum aufhören zu niesen.
When the pollen season begins, I can hardly stop sneezing.
Adverbial phrase of time and modal verb.
Die Reizung der Atemwege führte zu einem heftigen Niesanfall.
The irritation of the respiratory tract led to a violent sneezing fit.
Complex noun phrase, 'Niesanfall' (sneezing fit).
Es ist ratsam, sich die Nase zu putzen, anstatt zu niesen.
It is advisable to blow your nose instead of sneezing.
Advisory statement with 'ratsam'.
Die übermäßige Staubentwicklung im alten Gebäude zwang die Besucher zum niesen.
The excessive dust development in the old building forced the visitors to sneeze.
Complex sentence structure, causative with 'zwingen'.
Seine Allergie gegen Hausstaubmilben manifestiert sich hauptsächlich durch häufiges Niesen.
His allergy to dust mites mainly manifests itself through frequent sneezing.
Abstract noun and verb usage.
Obwohl er sich bemühte, sein Niesen zu kontrollieren, brach es in unpassenden Momenten hervor.
Although he tried to control his sneezing, it broke out at inappropriate moments.
Subordinate clause with 'obwohl', verb 'hervorbrechen'.
Die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung widmete sich den physiologischen Mechanismen, die dem Niesen zugrunde liegen.
The scientific investigation was dedicated to the physiological mechanisms underlying sneezing.
Formal, academic language, passive voice.
Er litt unter einem chronischen Niesreiz, der durch bestimmte Luftschadstoffe ausgelöst wurde.
He suffered from a chronic urge to sneeze, which was triggered by certain air pollutants.
Specialized vocabulary: 'Niesreiz', 'Luftschadstoffe'.
Nachdem er das scharfe Gewürz probiert hatte, konnte er das Niesen kaum noch zurückhalten.
After tasting the spicy seasoning, he could hardly hold back the sneezing.
Temporal clause with 'nachdem'.
Die ständige Reizung der Nasenschleimhäute führte zu einer erhöhten Neigung zu niesen.
The constant irritation of the nasal mucous membranes led to an increased tendency to sneeze.
Medical terminology, abstract concepts.
Es schien, als ob er jedes Mal niesen musste, wenn er an die Erkältung dachte.
It seemed as if he had to sneeze every time he thought about the cold.
Subjunctive mood for hypothetical situations.
Die klimatischen Veränderungen scheinen die Häufigkeit des Niesens bei der Bevölkerung zu erhöhen.
Climate changes seem to be increasing the frequency of sneezing in the population.
Abstract concepts, formal vocabulary.
Ein unerklärlicher Drang zu niesen plagte ihn seit Wochen, was seine Lebensqualität erheblich beeinträchtigte.
An inexplicable urge to sneeze had plagued him for weeks, significantly impairing his quality of life.
Strong verbs, abstract nouns, complex sentence structure.
Die Exposition gegenüber bestimmten Allergenen kann bei empfindlichen Personen eine Kaskade von Niesreflexen auslösen.
Exposure to certain allergens can trigger a cascade of sneezing reflexes in sensitive individuals.
Specialized medical terminology, sophisticated phrasing.
Er analysierte die Korrelation zwischen der Luftverschmutzung und der Zunahme von Personen, die zum niesen gezwungen waren.
He analyzed the correlation between air pollution and the increase of people who were forced to sneeze.
Academic research context, statistical terms.
Die subtile Reizung seiner Nasenschleimhäute war der Auslöser für eine Serie von Niesern, die ihn fast zum Verzweifeln brachten.
The subtle irritation of his nasal mucous membranes was the trigger for a series of sneezes that almost drove him to despair.
Figurative language, emotional impact.
Man vermutet, dass die Evolution des Niesens als Abwehrmechanismus gegen aerogene Krankheitserreger diente.
It is suspected that the evolution of sneezing served as a defense mechanism against airborne pathogens.
Evolutionary biology context, passive voice.
Die Fähigkeit, den Niesreflex willentlich zu unterdrücken, variiert stark von Person zu Person.
The ability to voluntarily suppress the sneezing reflex varies greatly from person to person.
Abstract ability, comparison.
Die psychophysischen Aspekte des Niesens, wie die Empfindung vor dem Nieser und die Erleichterung danach, sind Gegenstand der Forschung.
The psychophysical aspects of sneezing, such as the sensation before the sneeze and the relief afterward, are subjects of research.
Psychology and neuroscience terminology.
Die exzessive Stimulierung der trigeminalen Nervenfasern im Nasenraum induziert den komplexen neuronalen Pfad, der zum Niesen führt.
The excessive stimulation of the trigeminal nerve fibers in the nasal cavity induces the complex neural pathway that leads to sneezing.
Highly technical, neuroscientific language.
Die phylogenetische Analyse legt nahe, dass der Niesreflex als ein archaischer Schutzmechanismus gegen inhalierte Partikel und Pathogene von fundamentaler Bedeutung war.
Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the sneezing reflex was of fundamental importance as an archaic protective mechanism against inhaled particles and pathogens.
Advanced scientific terminology, passive voice, complex sentence structure.
Die idiopathische Hyperreaktivität der Nasenschleimhaut, die sich in unkontrollierbarem Niesen äußert, stellt eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar.
Idiopathic hypersensitivity of the nasal mucosa, which manifests as uncontrollable sneezing, presents a diagnostic challenge.
Medical jargon, abstract concepts, idiomatic expression.
Die psychophysiologische Untersuchung der Vorboten des Niesens und der anschließenden kathartischen Entladung ist ein faszinierendes Feld der Sinnesphysiologie.
The psychophysiological investigation of the precursors to sneezing and the subsequent cathartic release is a fascinating field of sensory physiology.
Interdisciplinary terminology, nuanced descriptions.
Die maladaptive Reaktion des Immunsystems auf ubiquitäre Umweltreize manifestiert sich in einem chronischen Nieskomplex, der die Lebensqualität signifikant mindert.
The maladaptive immune system response to ubiquitous environmental stimuli manifests in a chronic sneezing complex that significantly reduces quality of life.
Immunological and pathological terminology, formal register.
Die Untersuchung der neuronalen Korrelate, die dem sensorischen Input und der motorischen Ausführung des Niesreflexes zugrunde liegen, ist von großem Interesse für die Neurowissenschaft.
The investigation of the neural correlates underlying the sensory input and motor execution of the sneezing reflex is of great interest to neuroscience.
Neuroscience focus, complex sentence construction.
Die evolutionäre Persistenz des Niesens als Schutzmechanismus trotz der damit verbundenen sozialen Unannehmlichkeiten unterstreicht seine biologische Notwendigkeit.
The evolutionary persistence of sneezing as a protective mechanism, despite the associated social inconveniences, underscores its biological necessity.
Philosophical and biological considerations, abstract reasoning.
Die artikulatorischen und kinemischen Aspekte des Niesens werden in der phonetischen und biomechanischen Forschung analysiert.
The articulatory and kinematic aspects of sneezing are analyzed in phonetic and biomechanical research.
Specific scientific disciplines, technical terms.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— This is the most direct and common way to say 'I have to sneeze.' It's used when you feel a sneeze coming on.
Entschuldigung, ich muss gerade niesen.
— This is the polite response when someone sneezes, similar to 'Bless you!' in English. It's said by others to the person who sneezed.
A: 'Hatschi!' B: 'Gesundheit!'
— This phrase means 'Why do you sneeze so often?' It's a question you might ask someone experiencing frequent sneezes, perhaps due to allergies or a cold.
Du niest ja schon wieder! Warum musst du so oft niesen?
— This means 'The dust made me sneeze.' It explains the cause of the sneezing action.
Als wir die alte Truhe öffneten, hat der Staub mich zum Niesen gebracht.
— This translates to 'It is unpleasant when one has to sneeze.' It expresses the discomfort associated with the urge to sneeze.
Besonders in ruhigen Situationen ist es unangenehm, wenn man niesen muss.
よく混同される語
'Husten' means 'to cough'. While both are expulsions of air, coughing originates from the throat/lungs, while sneezing originates from the nose. They are distinct actions.
'Schnupfen' refers to a common cold or a runny nose. It's a condition or symptom, whereas 'niesen' is the action of sneezing itself.
'Schniefen' means 'to sniffle'. This is the act of inhaling audibly, often due to a runny nose, and is different from the expulsion of air during a sneeze.
慣用句と表現
— Literally 'to have something in the nose'. This colloquial phrase is used to explain why someone might sneeze, implying a tickle or an irritant. It's a gentle way of saying 'I feel like I'm going to sneeze'.
Ich glaube, ich habe gerade etwas in der Nase, ich muss gleich niesen. (I think I have something in my nose, I'm about to sneeze.)
— This is not a standard German idiom, but a literal translation that could be used metaphorically in creative writing. It would imply a sneeze that signifies a turning point or a significant event, like a 'wink of fate'. However, it's not commonly used.
In diesem Moment, als er niest, schien es der Nieser des Schicksals zu sein, der alles veränderte.
— This is not a standard German idiom. A literal translation would suggest something fleeting or insignificant. It's more likely a creative construction than a common idiom.
Seine Meinung war wie ein Nieser im Wind, schnell vergessen.
間違えやすい
Both are involuntary bodily expulsions of air.
'Niesen' is an expulsion of air primarily from the nose, often triggered by nasal irritation. 'Husten' is an expulsion of air from the lungs, usually to clear the airways. The origin and typical triggers are different.
Ich ni<strong>ese</strong> wegen des Pfeffers, aber ich <strong>huste</strong>, weil ich erkältet bin.
Often occur together as symptoms of a cold or allergies.
'Schnupfen' (noun) refers to a cold or a runny nose. 'Niesen' (verb) is the action of sneezing. You can have a runny nose without sneezing, and you can sneeze without having a runny nose.
Sie hat Schnupfen und muss deswegen viel <strong>niesen</strong>.
Both are involuntary expulsion of air from the body.
'Rülpsen' means 'to burp', which is the expulsion of air from the stomach. 'Niesen' is the expulsion of air from the nose and mouth, typically due to nasal irritation.
Nach dem Essen musste er <strong>rülpsen</strong>, nicht <strong>niesen</strong>.
Both involve expelling air.
'Pusten' means 'to blow' or 'to puff', which is a controlled expulsion of air, often to cool something or extinguish a flame. 'Niesen' is an involuntary, reflex action.
Er <strong>pustet</strong> die Kerze aus, aber dann muss er <strong>niesen</strong>.
Both involve expelling air with sound.
'Prusten' means 'to snort' or 'to snicker', often implying a burst of laughter or a forceful exhale through the nose. 'Niesen' is a reflex sneeze, different in origin and purpose.
Sie musste <strong>prusten</strong> vor Lachen, während er wegen des Staubs <strong>niesen</strong> musste.
文型パターン
Subject + niesen (conjugated).
Ich ni<strong>ese</strong>.
Subject + müssen + niesen (infinitive).
Ich <strong>muss</strong> <strong>niesen</strong>.
Subject + haben + geniest (past participle).
Sie <strong>hat</strong> geniest.
Causative: Subject + lassen + object + niesen (infinitive).
Der Staub <strong>lässt</strong> mich <strong>niesen</strong>.
Subordinate clause: Wenn + Subject + ..., + Subject + niesen (conjugated).
<strong>Wenn</strong> es kalt ist, <strong>niest</strong> er.
Subject + sich + entschuldigen + für + Noun.
Er entschuldigte sich für sein Niesen.
Subordinate clause: Obwohl + Subject + ..., + Subject + niesen (conjugated).
<strong>Obwohl</strong> er sich bemühte, <strong>niest</strong>e er.
Complex noun phrase + hervorrufen + Noun.
Die Reizung <strong>hervorrief</strong> ein starkes Niesen.
語族
名詞
動詞
関連
使い方
High. 'Niesen' is a common verb used in everyday situations.
-
Incorrect present tense conjugation (e.g., 'du niesst').
→
Du nie<strong>st</strong>.
The correct third-person singular present tense conjugation of 'niesen' is 'niest', not 'niesst'. This is due to the vowel change from 'ie' to 'ie' and the standard 'st' ending for the second person singular.
-
Using 'sein' as the auxiliary verb in the Perfekt tense (e.g., 'Ich bin geniest').
→
Ich <strong>habe</strong> geniest.
'Niesen' is a verb that takes 'haben' as its auxiliary verb in the Perfekt tense, not 'sein'. 'Sein' is typically used for verbs of motion or change of state.
-
Confusing 'niesen' with 'husten'.
→
Ich ni<strong>ese</strong> wegen des Staubs. Ich <strong>huste</strong> wegen der Erkältung.
'Niesen' is to sneeze (from the nose), while 'husten' is to cough (from the lungs). They are distinct actions with different causes and sounds.
-
Misplacing the infinitive with modal verbs (e.g., 'Ich muss niesen nicht mehr').
→
Ich <strong>muss</strong> nicht mehr <strong>niesen</strong>.
When using a modal verb like 'müssen', the infinitive form 'niesen' must be placed at the very end of the clause.
-
Using the wrong noun form (e.g., 'Ich habe geniesten').
→
Ich hatte einen <strong>Nieser</strong>.
'Niesen' is a verb. The noun for 'a sneeze' is 'der Nieser'. You cannot conjugate the noun like a verb.
ヒント
Mastering the 'ie' sound
The 'ie' in 'niesen' is pronounced like the long 'ee' in 'see'. Practice saying 'nee-zen' to get the sound right. Also, remember the 's' sounds like a 'z'.
Past Tense with 'haben'
Always use 'haben' as the auxiliary verb when forming the Perfekt tense of 'niesen'. It's 'Ich habe geniest', not 'Ich bin geniest'. This is a common pitfall for learners.
Learn Related Terms
Expand your vocabulary by learning related words like 'husten' (to cough), 'Schnupfen' (cold/runny nose), and 'Allergie' (allergy). This will help you describe symptoms more accurately.
The Polite Response
Remember to say 'Gesundheit!' when someone sneezes. It's a simple and important part of German social etiquette.
Use Mnemonics
Create associations to remember the word. For 'niesen', you could imagine a 'knee' on your nose causing you to 'sneeze', or the sound 'nee-sen' reminding you of a tickle that makes you sneeze.
Sentence Building
Practice making your own sentences with 'niesen'. Start with simple sentences like 'Ich muss niesen' and progress to more complex ones involving causes and consequences.
Cultural Significance
Understand that 'Gesundheit!' is more than just a word; it reflects a cultural value of wishing well-being to others, especially when they show signs of potential illness.
Avoid 'niesst'
Be careful with conjugation. The third-person singular present tense is 'niest', not 'niesst'. This is a common mistake for learners.
Beyond the Basics
In more advanced contexts, you might encounter phrases like 'Niesanfall' (sneezing fit) or discussions about the physiology of sneezing. Keep learning!
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a 'knee' on your nose, and when you touch it, you 'sneeze' ('niesen'). Or, think of someone saying 'Nee, sen!' (No, son!) to stop you from sneezing, but you can't help it.
視覚的連想
Picture a person whose nose is tickled by a feather, causing them to sneeze violently, with the letters 'N-I-E-S-E-N' appearing in the air around them.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe situations where you or someone else might sneeze, using the word 'niesen' in your German sentences. For example, 'I sneeze when I smell pepper.'
語源
The German word 'niesen' traces its roots back to Old High German 'niezan' and even further to Proto-Germanic '*neisąną'. This root is related to the concept of expulsion or clearing.
元の意味： The original meaning was likely related to the act of sneezing or expelling something from the nose.
Indo-European, Germanic文化的な背景
It's generally considered polite to cover your mouth and nose when sneezing to prevent the spread of germs. While not strictly tied to the word 'niesen' itself, it's part of the social etiquette surrounding the act.
The English equivalent is 'Bless you!', which also stems from historical beliefs about warding off evil spirits or illness during a sneeze.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Seasonal Allergies
- Ich muss wegen der Pollen niesen.
- Meine Allergie lässt mich ständig niesen.
- Wenn die Heuschnupfensaison beginnt, fange ich an zu niesen.
Common Cold Symptoms
- Ich habe eine Erkältung und muss viel niesen.
- Meine Nase läuft und ich muss niesen.
- Seit gestern muss ich ständig niesen.
Irritants in the Environment
- Der Staub hat mich zum Niesen gebracht.
- Das starke Parfüm ließ mich niesen.
- Wenn ich Pfeffer rieche, muss ich niesen.
Medical Consultation
- Wie oft niesen Sie pro Tag?
- Haben Sie auch Schnupfen oder müssen Sie niesen?
- Das Niesen ist ein Symptom.
Social Interactions
- Gesundheit! (after someone sneezes)
- Entschuldigung, ich musste niesen.
- Kannst du aufhören zu niesen?
会話のきっかけ
"Hast du in letzter Zeit viel niesen müssen?"
"Was ist der häufigste Grund, warum du niesen musst?"
"Gibt es etwas, das dich garantiert zum niesen bringt?"
"Wie reagierst du, wenn du niesen musst, besonders in der Öffentlichkeit?"
"Was ist deine Meinung zu den alten Sprüchen über das Niesen?"
日記のテーマ
Beschreibe einen Tag, an dem du sehr viel niesen musstest. Was hat es ausgelöst und wie hast du dich gefühlt?
Denke an eine Situation, in der dein Niesen für eine lustige oder peinliche Situation gesorgt hat. Erzähle davon.
Wie wichtig ist es dir, 'Gesundheit!' zu sagen, wenn jemand niest? Warum?
Recherchiere über verschiedene Ursachen für das Niesen und schreibe deine Erkenntnisse auf.
Wenn du ein neues Wort für 'niesen' erfinden könntest, wie würde es klingen und was würde es bedeuten?
よくある質問
10 問The most common and direct German verb for 'to sneeze' is 'niesen'. It is used in most everyday situations. For example, you would say 'Ich muss niesen' to indicate you feel a sneeze coming on.
The polite response when someone sneezes is 'Gesundheit!', which literally translates to 'Health!'. This is similar to saying 'Bless you!' in English and is a common social convention.
The noun form of 'niesen' is 'der Nieser'. So, if you want to refer to the act or sound of a sneeze, you would use 'ein Nieser'. For example, 'Er hatte einen starken Nieser.'
Common causes of sneezing in German are similar to English: dust ('Staub'), pollen ('Pollen' or 'Blütenstaub'), pepper ('Pfeffer'), strong perfumes ('Parfüm'), cold air ('kalte Luft'), allergies ('Allergien'), and colds ('Erkältungen'). You might say 'Der Staub hat mich zum Niesen gebracht' (The dust made me sneeze).
The Perfekt tense of 'niesen' is formed with the auxiliary verb 'haben' and the past participle 'geniest'. So, you would say 'Ich habe geniest' (I have sneezed), 'Du hast geniest' (You have sneezed), 'Er/Sie/Es hat geniest' (He/She/It has sneezed), etc.
Yes, 'niesen' can be used for animals as well. For example, 'Die Katze muss niesen, weil sie allergisch ist.' (The cat has to sneeze because it is allergic.)
A common mistake is incorrect conjugation, especially in the second and third person singular present tense (it's 'du niest', 'er niest', not 'niesst'). Another is using 'sein' instead of 'haben' for the Perfekt tense ('Ich habe geniest', not 'Ich bin geniest').
'Niesen' means to sneeze (expulsion from the nose), while 'husten' means to cough (expulsion from the lungs). They are different bodily reflexes.
While 'niesen' itself is neutral, the context can make it formal. For instance, in a medical report, you might read about 'niesen' as a symptom. However, the verb itself is universally understood. Phrases like 'eine Neigung zu niesen' (a tendency to sneeze) are more formal.
'Ein Niesanfall' refers to a sneezing fit or a bout of sneezing, meaning a series of sneezes occurring in quick succession. For example, 'Er bekam einen Niesanfall, als er den Staub roch.'
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Summary
Niesen is the German verb for 'to sneeze', a common involuntary reflex. It's used in everyday contexts and often followed by the polite response 'Gesundheit!'.
- Niesen: To sneeze (verb).
- Common reflex to irritants like dust, pollen.
- Polite response: Gesundheit!
- Used in everyday conversation and medical contexts.
Mastering the 'ie' sound
The 'ie' in 'niesen' is pronounced like the long 'ee' in 'see'. Practice saying 'nee-zen' to get the sound right. Also, remember the 's' sounds like a 'z'.
Past Tense with 'haben'
Always use 'haben' as the auxiliary verb when forming the Perfekt tense of 'niesen'. It's 'Ich habe geniest', not 'Ich bin geniest'. This is a common pitfall for learners.
Learn Related Terms
Expand your vocabulary by learning related words like 'husten' (to cough), 'Schnupfen' (cold/runny nose), and 'Allergie' (allergy). This will help you describe symptoms more accurately.
The Polite Response
Remember to say 'Gesundheit!' when someone sneezes. It's a simple and important part of German social etiquette.
例文
Er musste dreimal niesen, weil er eine Erkältung hat.
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