Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use a 'pivotal' verb to make someone perform an action: Subject + Verb 1 + Person + Verb 2.
- The first verb acts as a trigger (e.g., 请, 叫, 让).
- The person in the middle serves as the object of the first verb and subject of the second.
- Never add a second subject before the second verb.
Overview
Pivotal Construction Structure
| Subject | Verb 1 | Pivot (Object/Subject) | Verb 2 | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
我
|
请
|
他
|
吃饭
|
我请他吃饭
|
|
老师
|
叫
|
我们
|
学习
|
老师叫我们学习
|
|
这
|
让
|
我
|
开心
|
这让我开心
|
|
公司
|
派
|
他
|
出差
|
公司派他出差
|
|
我们
|
选
|
她
|
当队长
|
我们选她当队长
|
|
法律
|
规定
|
公民
|
纳税
|
法律规定公民纳税
|
Meanings
A pivotal construction (兼语句) uses a noun/pronoun that functions as both the object of the first verb and the subject of the second verb.
Requesting/Ordering
Using verbs like 请 (please), 叫 (tell/call), 让 (let/make) to initiate an action.
“请他进来。”
“叫她明天来。”
Appointing/Selecting
Using verbs like 选 (choose), 派 (send/appoint) to assign a role.
“我们选他做代表。”
“公司派他去北京。”
Causing/Enabling
Using verbs like 导致 (cause), 使得 (make/enable) to describe outcomes.
“这使得我很难过。”
“大雨导致交通堵塞。”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
S + V1 + O + V2
|
请他来
|
|
Negative
|
S + 不 + V1 + O + V2
|
不请他来
|
|
Question
|
S + V1 + O + V2 + 吗?
|
请他来吗?
|
|
A-not-A
|
S + V1 + 不 + V1 + O + V2
|
请不请他来?
|
|
Modal
|
S + 想/要 + V1 + O + V2
|
我想请他来
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
请他莅临。 (Requesting presence)
请他来。 (Requesting presence)
叫他来。 (Requesting presence)
喊他过来。 (Requesting presence)
The Pivot Bridge
Verb 1 (Trigger)
- 请 Invite
- 叫 Tell
Verb 2 (Action)
- 来 Come
- 做 Do
レベル別の例文
请他来。
Ask him to come.
叫她走。
Tell her to leave.
让他看。
Let him see.
请你帮我。
Please help me.
老师请我们回答问题。
The teacher asked us to answer questions.
妈妈叫我买水果。
Mom told me to buy fruit.
这让他很生气。
This made him very angry.
经理派他去上海。
The manager sent him to Shanghai.
这使得我们不得不改变计划。
This made us have to change the plan.
他选我做代表。
He chose me to be the representative.
医生建议他多休息。
The doctor suggested he rest more.
老板要求员工准时上班。
The boss requires employees to be on time.
法律规定公民必须遵守规则。
The law stipulates that citizens must follow rules.
这种环境促使他更加努力。
This environment prompted him to work harder.
会议安排他明天发言。
The meeting is scheduled for him to speak tomorrow.
我们鼓励学生参加比赛。
We encourage students to participate in the competition.
舆论迫使政府重新考虑政策。
Public opinion forced the government to reconsider the policy.
这一发现导致科学家修正了理论。
This discovery led scientists to revise the theory.
他委任她负责这个项目。
He appointed her to be in charge of this project.
这种做法旨在提高效率。
This practice aims to improve efficiency.
历史经验告诫我们不要重蹈覆辙。
Historical experience warns us not to repeat the same mistakes.
此举意在安抚民众情绪。
This move is intended to appease public sentiment.
制度的完善有赖于各方的配合。
The improvement of the system depends on the cooperation of all parties.
这番话令在场的所有人都陷入了沉思。
These words caused everyone present to fall into deep thought.
間違えやすい
Both use two verbs.
Both involve objects.
Both involve being affected.
よくある間違い
我请他他来
我请他来
我请他不来
我不请他来
我请他来吃饭
我请他吃饭
请你来
请你来
叫他去买东西
叫他买东西
让这事发生
让这事发生
他被叫去
他被叫去
使得他很难过
这使得他很难过
派他去工作
派他去工作
要求他做
要求他做
导致了结果
导致了结果
迫使他不得不
迫使他
意在为了
意在
文型パターン
请___做___
这让___觉得___
公司派___去___
法律规定___必须___
Real World Usage
帮我买咖啡。
请你写报告。
这让我很感动。
叫司机来。
请送到门口。
公司派我负责。
The Pivot Rule
No Redundancy
Register Matters
Politeness
Smart Tips
Always prefer '请' over '叫'.
Check if the subject changes.
Use '使得' instead of '让'.
Ensure the pivot noun is not repeated.
発音
Tone of 请
Third tone, keep it low and steady.
Neutral tone
The pivot noun often has a light stress.
Request
请他来↗
Rising intonation for polite requests.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of the pivot as a 'relay race' where the baton is passed from the first verb to the second.
視覚的連想
Imagine a conductor (Verb 1) pointing at a musician (Pivot), who then plays an instrument (Verb 2).
Rhyme
Verb one, then the person, then verb two, That is the way to tell someone what to do.
Story
I asked my friend (Verb 1 + Person). My friend agreed to help (Verb 2). It was a perfect pivot.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 sentences using '请' to ask your friends to do things today.
文化メモ
Using '请' is essential for politeness in professional settings.
Similar usage, but '叫' can sound slightly more direct.
Often mixed with Cantonese particles.
Derived from classical Chinese causative verbs like '使'.
会話のきっかけ
你今天想请谁帮你？
老师通常叫你们做什么？
什么事情让你最开心？
公司派你去过哪里？
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
请他___。
Find and fix the mistake:
我请他他来。
Which is correct?
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Tell her to go.
Answer starts with: a...
Use '派' and '他'.
Order: 请, 叫, 使得
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercises请他___。
Find and fix the mistake:
我请他他来。
Which is correct?
他 / 请 / 吃饭 / 我
Tell her to go.
Use '派' and '他'.
Order: 请, 叫, 使得
请 vs 导致
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
No, '让' is for permission/causation. Use '请' for requests.
Because the middle noun acts as a bridge between two verbs.
No, always negate the first verb.
Yes, especially formal causative verbs like '使得'.
Add '吗' at the end or use A-not-A.
You don't. The pivot noun is the subject of the second verb.
It's neutral, but '请' is much more polite.
Yes, e.g., '我想请他来'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Hacer que + subjunctive
Chinese doesn't use subjunctive.
Faire + infinitive
Word order is slightly different.
Lassen + infinitive
German is more flexible with word order.
Causative form (-seru)
Chinese uses separate words.
جعل (Ja'ala)
Arabic is highly inflected.
兼语句
N/A
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
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