schimpfen 30秒で
- To scold or grumble.
- Expressing displeasure verbally.
- Common in family and work contexts.
- Key verb for everyday complaints.
Understanding "Schimpfen"
The German verb schimpfen is a common and versatile word that generally translates to 'to scold', 'to grumble', or 'to complain'. It describes the act of expressing displeasure, often in an audible or verbal manner. The intensity and context can vary significantly, from a mild, muttered complaint to a more forceful reprimand. You'll hear it used in everyday situations when people are unhappy about something and want to voice their dissatisfaction. It’s a word that captures a very human reaction to annoyance or frustration.
- Core Meaning
- To express dissatisfaction verbally, often with a tone of annoyance or anger.
- Common Contexts
- Parenting (scolding children), work (complaining about tasks), social interactions (grumbling about others), and personal frustrations.
When a parent tells their child, 'Du sollst nicht auf den Tisch schimpfen!' (You shouldn't scold the table!), they are expressing disapproval of the child's behavior. Similarly, if someone is stuck in traffic and mutters to themselves, 'Ich schimpfe schon seit einer Stunde!' (I've been grumbling for an hour!), they are vocalizing their frustration. The word can also imply a more serious reprimand. For instance, a boss might 'schimpfen' at an employee for a mistake. The key is the vocal expression of negative feelings.
Die Mutter musste ihren Sohn schimpfen, weil er sein Zimmer nicht aufgeräumt hatte.
It’s important to note that schimpfen isn't always about yelling. It can be a low, continuous grumbling or complaining. Think of an elderly person complaining about the weather every single day – they are 'schimpfen'. The word implies a certain lack of control or an inability to change the situation, leading to vocalization of discontent. It’s a very relatable verb for anyone who has ever felt annoyed and let it be known, even just to themselves.
The act of schimpfen can sometimes be seen as unproductive, as it doesn't necessarily lead to a solution but rather expresses the frustration itself. However, it is a natural human response and a significant part of everyday communication, particularly when dealing with minor irritations or when trying to correct someone's behavior. Understanding this verb is key to grasping a lot of informal German conversations.
Constructing Sentences with "Schimpfen"
Mastering schimpfen involves understanding its grammatical behavior and common sentence structures. As a verb, it conjugates according to person, number, and tense. The most common constructions involve a subject performing the action of schimpfen, often directed at someone or something, or accompanied by a reason for the complaint.
- Basic Structure
- Subject + schimpfen (conjugated) + (prepositional phrase indicating target/reason)
- Common Prepositions
- 'über' (about), 'mit' (with), 'auf' (at)
Let's look at some examples to solidify your understanding. When you want to say someone is complaining about something, you'll often use 'schimpfen über'. For instance, 'Die Nachbarn schimpfen über den Lärm.' (The neighbors are complaining about the noise.) Here, 'die Nachbarn' is the subject, 'schimpfen' is conjugated in the present tense, and 'über den Lärm' specifies what they are complaining about.
Er schimpfte mit seinen Kindern, weil sie nicht gehorchten.
When schimpfen is used to scold someone, the preposition 'mit' is frequently employed, especially when the scolding is directed at a person. For example, 'Der Lehrer schimpfte mit dem Schüler wegen seines Verhaltens.' (The teacher scolded the student for his behavior.) The structure here is similar: subject, conjugated verb, and then 'mit' followed by the person being scolded, and often a clause explaining the reason.
The past tense (Präteritum and Perfekt) is also common. In the simple past, it would be 'schimpfte'. For example, 'Gestern schimpfte sie viel über das schlechte Wetter.' (Yesterday she complained a lot about the bad weather.) In the perfect tense, which is more common in spoken German, you use the auxiliary verb 'haben' and the past participle 'geschimpft'. 'Ich habe mich schon den ganzen Morgen über die Arbeit geschimpft.' (I've been complaining about work all morning.) Notice the reflexive pronoun 'mich' can sometimes be used with 'schimpfen', emphasizing that the person is complaining to themselves or about their own situation.
You might also hear schimpfen used with 'auf', especially in informal contexts, meaning to criticize or to be angry at someone/something. 'Er schimpft auf alles und jeden.' (He complains about everyone and everything.) This usage can be quite strong. Understanding these variations will help you interpret and use the verb more accurately in your German conversations.
Real-World Encounters with "Schimpfen"
The verb schimpfen is deeply embedded in the fabric of everyday German communication. You'll encounter it in a wide array of settings, from casual conversations among friends and family to more formal discussions about work or public affairs. Its prevalence stems from its ability to express a common human emotion: dissatisfaction. Whether it's a mild grumble or a stern scolding, the act of schimpfen is a regular occurrence.
- Family Life
- Parents frequently schimpfen with their children when they misbehave. For example, a parent might say, 'Hör auf zu schreien, ich muss mit dir schimpfen!' (Stop crying, I need to scold you!). Children might also schimpfen about chores or rules.
- Workplace
- Colleagues might schimpfen about difficult projects, demanding bosses, or long working hours. A common phrase might be, 'Ich schimpfe schon den ganzen Tag über diese Aufgabe.' (I've been complaining about this task all day.)
- Public Spaces
- You might overhear people schimpfen about public transport delays, the weather, or other minor inconveniences. 'Schon wieder Verspätung! Ich könnte mich aufregen und schimpfen!' (Late again! I could get upset and complain!) is a typical sentiment.
In informal settings, like cafés or gatherings, people often schimpfen about politics, current events, or even fictional characters in movies or books. It's a way of venting and connecting over shared frustrations. For example, 'Wir haben gestern Abend lange über den neuen Film geschimpft.' (We complained for a long time about the new movie last night.)
Die älteren Leute im Park schimpfen oft über die Jugend.
Even in media, schimpfen appears frequently. News reports might discuss public figures schimpfen about policy decisions, or fictional characters in TV shows and movies will schimpfen to highlight their struggles or personalities. It’s a verb that adds color and realism to dialogues. For learners, listening to native speakers in various contexts is the best way to internalize the natural usage of schimpfen. Pay attention to the tone of voice and the surrounding words to grasp the full meaning.
The verb is also used in a more general sense of complaining about one's fate or circumstances. Someone might say, 'Ich schimpfe nicht, aber es ist wirklich hart.' (I'm not complaining, but it's really hard.) This shows that schimpfen can be a conscious action one chooses to refrain from, highlighting its commonality. Overall, schimpfen is a word you will hear and use often as you become more immersed in the German language and culture.
Avoiding Pitfalls with "Schimpfen"
While schimpfen is a common verb, learners can sometimes make mistakes in its usage, particularly concerning the prepositions used with it and its overall nuance. Understanding these common pitfalls can significantly improve your accuracy and fluency.
- Incorrect Preposition Usage
- The most frequent error is using the wrong preposition. While 'schimpfen über' (to complain about) is very common, learners might mistakenly use it for scolding someone directly. For scolding a person, 'schimpfen mit' is generally preferred. For example, saying 'Ich schimpfe über dich' (I'm complaining about you) is different from 'Ich schimpfe mit dir' (I'm scolding you).
- Confusing with 'beschimpfen'
- 'Beschimpfen' is a related but stronger verb, meaning 'to insult' or 'to verbally abuse'. While schimpfen can be a mild grumble or a firm scolding, beschimpfen implies offensive language and a deliberate attack on someone's character. Using schimpfen when you mean beschimpfen might weaken the intended meaning, and vice versa could be too harsh.
- Overuse or Underuse
- Some learners might be hesitant to use schimpfen, opting for weaker phrases like 'sich beschweren' (to complain) too often, even when the situation calls for a stronger expression of annoyance. Conversely, overusing it in situations where a simple 'sich beschweren' would suffice can sound overly aggressive or whiny.
Another subtle mistake can be in the context of tone. Schimpfen often implies a certain level of audible displeasure. If you are merely thinking negative thoughts without expressing them, schimpfen isn't the right word. You might be 'thinking negatively' or 'being annoyed', but not actively schimpfen.
Incorrect: Ich schimpfe über dich, weil du nicht aufgepasst hast. (Implies complaining about the person, not scolding them directly.)
Correct: Ich schimpfe mit dir, weil du nicht aufgepasst hast. (I am scolding you because you weren't paying attention.)
Also, be mindful of the direct object. While you can schimpfen about a situation or a thing (schimpfen über das Wetter), when you are directly addressing and scolding a person, you use 'mit'. Attributing human-like qualities to inanimate objects and then schimpfen at them (e.g., 'Ich schimpfe auf den Computer') is more informal and can be seen as personification of frustration.
Finally, remember that schimpfen can be reflexive ('sich schimpfen'), though this is less common and usually implies a self-reproach or a complaint about one's own predicament. Sticking to the basic structures with appropriate prepositions will serve you well in most situations.
Exploring Synonyms and Alternatives for "Schimpfen"
While schimpfen is a versatile term for expressing displeasure, German offers a variety of other words and phrases that can be used depending on the specific nuance, intensity, and context. Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow for more precise communication.
- Sich beschweren (to complain)
- This is a very common and general term for complaining. It's less intense than schimpfen and can be used for almost any kind of dissatisfaction, from a minor inconvenience to a serious issue. Schimpfen often implies a more audible or vocal expression of annoyance, while sich beschweren can be more formal or even a written complaint.
- Kritisieren (to criticize)
- This verb focuses on pointing out faults or shortcomings. While schimpfen can involve criticism, kritisieren is usually more analytical and less emotional. You might criticize a proposal, whereas you would schimpfen about a delayed train.
- meckern (to grumble, to whine)
- Similar to schimpfen in its sense of continuous complaint, but often implies a more whiny or petty tone. Meckern can be used for very minor annoyances and often sounds less serious than schimpfen. 'Er meckert immer über das Wetter.' (He always grumbles about the weather.)
- klagen (to lament, to complain formally)
- This word carries a sense of sadness or deep dissatisfaction. It can be used for complaining about one's fate or for more formal complaints in legal or official contexts. It's more about expressing sorrow or grievance than outright anger.
- schelten (to scold, to chide)
- This is a very close synonym to schimpfen, particularly when referring to scolding someone. It often implies a more direct and perhaps stern reprimand. It can sound slightly more formal or traditional than schimpfen.
- pöbeln (to rant, to insult, to be aggressive)
- This is a much stronger and more negative term. It implies aggressive, often vulgar, ranting or insulting behavior, typically in public. It's far beyond a simple schimpfen or meckern.
- brummen (to grumble, to hum)
- In the context of expressing displeasure, brummen refers to a low, indistinct grumble, often done under one's breath. It's less about direct communication and more about an internal, audible expression of annoyance.
When choosing between these words, consider the intensity of the emotion, the target of the displeasure, and the formality of the situation. For everyday minor annoyances, meckern or schimpfen (about something) are good choices. For direct scolding, schimpfen mit or schelten are appropriate. If you are simply stating a problem, sich beschweren is often the safest bet. Understanding these nuances will help you express yourself more effectively in German.
'Schimpfen' is about vocalizing annoyance, while 'kritisieren' is about analyzing faults.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
Interestingly, the original meaning of 'schimpfen' was closer to 'to joke' or 'to jest'. This suggests that the act of vocalizing displeasure might have evolved from playful mockery or teasing, becoming a more serious expression of negative emotion.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'sch' as 's'.
- Pronouncing the 'i' as a long 'ee' sound.
- Adding an extra vowel sound between 'm' and 'p'.
- Not reducing the final 'en' to a schwa or syllabic 'n'.
難易度
Understanding 'schimpfen' in written texts is generally straightforward due to its common usage. However, distinguishing its nuances from synonyms like 'meckern' or 'beschweren' requires more practice. Recognizing its use in idiomatic expressions can also pose a challenge.
Using 'schimpfen' accurately in writing requires careful attention to prepositions ('über', 'mit', 'auf') and context. Choosing between 'schimpfen', 'meckern', 'beschweren', or 'kritisieren' based on the intended tone and register is crucial for effective writing.
Pronunciation is relatively simple. The main challenge in speaking is using the correct preposition and conveying the appropriate level of annoyance or anger. Overusing it or using it in the wrong context can lead to misunderstandings.
Recognizing 'schimpfen' in spoken German is usually easy due to its commonality. However, distinguishing the subtle differences in meaning based on tone and accompanying words requires good listening comprehension skills.
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Prepositional Objects with Verbs
Many verbs in German require specific prepositions to connect them to their objects. For 'schimpfen', common prepositions are 'über' (about) and 'mit' (with). Example: 'Ich schimpfe über das Wetter.' (I complain about the weather.) 'Der Lehrer schimpfte mit dem Schüler.' (The teacher scolded the student.)
Accusative and Dative Cases
The case following the preposition depends on the preposition itself and whether it indicates location/direction. 'Über' takes the accusative when indicating the object of complaint: 'schimpfen über das Wetter' (accusative). 'Mit' always takes the dative case: 'schimpfen mit dem Lehrer' (dative).
Perfect Tense Formation
The perfect tense of 'schimpfen' is formed with the auxiliary verb 'haben' and the past participle 'geschimpft'. Example: 'Wir haben lange geschimpft.'
Reflexive Verbs
'Schimpfen' can sometimes be used reflexively with 'sich', meaning to scold oneself or to complain about one's own situation. Example: 'Er schimpfte sich selbst für seinen Fehler.'
Subordinate Clauses with 'weil'
When providing a reason for schimpfen, the subordinate conjunction 'weil' (because) is used, which sends the conjugated verb to the end of the clause. Example: 'Er schimpft, weil er müde ist.'
レベル別の例文
Das Kind schimpft.
The child is scolding/grumbling.
Simple present tense of 'schimpfen'.
Er schimpft.
He is scolding/grumbling.
Third person singular present tense.
Sie schimpft viel.
She scolds/grumbles a lot.
'viel' (a lot) modifies the verb.
Warum schimpfst du?
Why are you scolding/grumbling?
Question word 'warum' (why) and second person singular present tense.
Der Hund schimpft.
The dog is grumbling/growling.
Animal sounds can also be described as 'schimpfen'.
Ich schimpfe nicht.
I am not scolding/grumbling.
Negation with 'nicht'.
Sie schimpfen über das Wetter.
They are grumbling about the weather.
Preposition 'über' (about) with accusative case.
Der Lehrer schimpft.
The teacher is scolding.
Common context for scolding.
Mein Vater schimpft oft mit mir.
My father often scolds me.
'mit' + dative case for the person being scolded.
Sie schimpfte über die lange Wartezeit.
She grumbled about the long waiting time.
Past tense (Präteritum) of 'schimpfen'.
Warum schimpfen die Nachbarn immer?
Why are the neighbors always grumbling?
Adverb 'immer' (always).
Er hat sich über die Arbeit geschimpft.
He complained about the work.
Perfect tense (Perfekt) with reflexive pronoun 'sich'.
Die Kinder schimpfen, weil sie keine Süßigkeiten bekommen.
The children are grumbling because they are not getting sweets.
Subordinate clause with 'weil' (because).
Ich muss mit dir schimpfen, dein Zimmer ist unordentlich.
I have to scold you, your room is messy.
Modal verb 'muss' (have to).
Hör auf zu schimpfen!
Stop grumbling/scolding!
Imperative form with infinitive clause 'zu schimpfen'.
Sie schimpfte lautstark.
She scolded loudly.
Adverb 'lautstark' (loudly).
Der Chef schimpfte mit seinem Team wegen des verpassten Termins.
The boss scolded his team because of the missed deadline.
'wegen' + genitive case (or dative in spoken language) for the reason.
Ich habe mich den ganzen Abend über den schlechten Service geschimpft.
I complained about the bad service all evening.
Perfect tense with duration adverb 'den ganzen Abend'.
Wenn du weiter so schimpfst, rede ich nicht mehr mit dir.
If you keep grumbling like this, I won't talk to you anymore.
Conditional clause with 'wenn' (if) and future implication.
Manche Leute schimpfen lieber, als dass sie eine Lösung suchen.
Some people prefer to grumble rather than look for a solution.
Comparison with 'lieber... als dass'.
Sie musste sich vor ihrem Freund für sein Verhalten entschuldigen, nachdem er so geschimpft hatte.
She had to apologize to her boyfriend for his behavior after he had scolded so much.
Past perfect tense (Plusquamperfekt) 'geschimpft hatte'.
Ich verstehe nicht, warum er immer auf alles und jeden schimpfen muss.
I don't understand why he always has to complain about everything and everyone.
Modal verb 'muss' with infinitive 'schimpfen'. 'Auf' used informally for complaining about people/things.
Die Kunden schimpften lautstark über die überhöhten Preise.
The customers loudly complained about the exorbitant prices.
Adverb 'lautstark' (loudly) and adjective 'überhöht' (exorbitant).
Anstatt zu schimpfen, könntest du versuchen, das Problem zu lösen.
Instead of grumbling, you could try to solve the problem.
Prepositional phrase 'Anstatt zu schimpfen' (Instead of grumbling).
Es ist wenig produktiv, wenn man sich nur über die Umstände schimpft, anstatt aktiv zu werden.
It is not very productive if one only grumbles about the circumstances instead of becoming active.
Impersonal construction 'Es ist wenig produktiv' and contrast with 'anstatt aktiv zu werden'.
Die Opposition schimpfte vehement gegen die neue Gesetzgebung.
The opposition vehemently criticized/complained about the new legislation.
Adverb 'vehement' (vehemently) and preposition 'gegen' (against), often used for strong criticism.
Nachdem er tagelang über seine schlechte Laune geschimpft hatte, suchte er endlich professionelle Hilfe.
After he had grumbled about his bad mood for days, he finally sought professional help.
Past perfect tense with duration 'tagelang' (for days).
Die Eltern waren es leid, dass ihre Kinder ständig über Kleinigkeiten schimpften.
The parents were tired of their children constantly grumbling about trivialities.
Phrase 'es leid sein' (to be tired of) and adverb 'ständig' (constantly).
Er schimpfte zwar nicht direkt, aber seine abfälligen Bemerkungen ließen keinen Zweifel an seiner Unzufriedenheit.
He didn't scold directly, but his derogatory remarks left no doubt about his dissatisfaction.
Contrast with 'zwar... aber' (although... but) and noun 'abfällige Bemerkungen' (derogatory remarks).
Die Kritiker schimpften über die mangelnde Originalität des Films.
The critics complained about the film's lack of originality.
Noun 'mangelnde Originalität' (lack of originality).
Man sollte sich nicht über das aufregen, was man nicht ändern kann.
One should not get upset about what one cannot change.
Related verb 'sich aufregen über' (to get upset about).
Die alte Dame schimpfte leise vor sich hin, während sie auf den Bus wartete.
The old lady grumbled quietly to herself while she waited for the bus.
Adverbial phrase 'leise vor sich hin' (quietly to oneself).
Die Regierung sah sich gezwungen, auf die anhaltende Kritik der Öffentlichkeit zu schimpfen.
The government felt compelled to scold/respond to the public's persistent criticism.
'sich gezwungen sehen' (to feel compelled) and adjective 'anhaltend' (persistent).
Sein ständiges Schimpfen über die kleinen Unannehmlichkeiten überschattete seine sonst so positiven Eigenschaften.
His constant grumbling about the minor inconveniences overshadowed his otherwise positive qualities.
Noun phrase 'ständiges Schimpfen' (constant grumbling) and verb 'überschatten' (to overshadow).
Es ist eine Kunst, Kritik zu üben, ohne gleich in beleidigendes Schimpfen zu verfallen.
It is an art to offer criticism without immediately falling into insulting scolding.
Abstract noun 'Kunst' (art) and verb phrase 'in beleidigendes Schimpfen verfallen' (to fall into insulting scolding).
Die Debatte drohte in gegenseitiges Beschimpfen und Polemik abzugleiten.
The debate threatened to devolve into mutual insults and polemics.
Related verb 'beschimpfen' and noun 'Polemik' (polemics).
Er verstand es meisterhaft, seine Unzufriedenheit auszudrücken, ohne jemals laut zu schimpfen.
He masterfully understood how to express his dissatisfaction without ever scolding loudly.
Adverb 'meisterhaft' (masterfully) and adverbial phrase 'ohne jemals laut zu schimpfen'.
Das ständige Genörgel und Schimpfen des Kollegen machte die Arbeitsatmosphäre vergiftet.
The colleague's constant complaining and grumbling poisoned the work atmosphere.
Nouns 'Genörgel' (complaining) and 'Arbeitsatmosphäre' (work atmosphere), adjective 'vergiftet' (poisoned).
In seiner Tirade schien er alle seine Frustrationen der letzten Jahre herauszuschreien, ohne Rücksicht auf Verluste.
In his tirade, he seemed to shout out all his frustrations of the past years without regard for consequences.
Related noun 'Tirade' (tirade) and idiom 'ohne Rücksicht auf Verluste' (without regard for consequences).
Manche politische Kommentatoren neigen dazu, ihre Gegner mitunter eher zu schimpfen als zu argumentieren.
Some political commentators tend to scold their opponents rather than argue.
Adverb 'untertil' (sometimes) and contrast 'eher... als' (rather... than).
Die emotionale Entladung, die sich in seinem anhaltenden Schimpfen manifestierte, war ein deutliches Zeichen seiner tiefen Verzweiflung.
The emotional release, which manifested in his persistent grumbling, was a clear sign of his deep despair.
Complex noun phrases 'emotionale Entladung', 'tiefen Verzweiflung' and verb 'manifestieren'.
Anstatt konstruktive Kritik zu formulieren, verfiel er in ein wahres Donnerwetter aus Vorwürfen und Schimpfen.
Instead of formulating constructive criticism, he descended into a veritable storm of accusations and scolding.
Metaphorical noun phrase 'wahres Donnerwetter' (veritable storm) and noun 'Vorwürfe' (accusations).
Die subtile Kunst des diplomatischen Umgangs besteht darin, Unzufriedenheit zu äußern, ohne jemals in offenes Schimpfen oder Beleidigungen zu verfallen.
The subtle art of diplomatic handling consists of expressing dissatisfaction without ever falling into open scolding or insults.
Abstract concepts 'subtile Kunst', 'diplomatischer Umgang', 'offenes Schimpfen'.
Sein habituelles Schimpfen über die Widrigkeiten des Lebens war eher ein Ausdruck seiner inneren Unruhe als echter Groll.
His habitual grumbling about life's adversities was more an expression of his inner restlessness than genuine resentment.
Adjective 'habituelles' (habitual) and noun 'Widrigkeiten' (adversities).
Die Medialandschaft ist oft geprägt von einem vulgären Schimpfen und einer Polemik, die jegliche sachliche Auseinandersetzung ersetzt.
The media landscape is often characterized by vulgar scolding and polemics that replace any factual discussion.
Noun 'Medialandschaft' (media landscape) and adjective 'sachliche Auseinandersetzung' (factual discussion).
Er nutzte jede Gelegenheit, um über die Inkompetenz der Verantwortlichen zu schimpfen, oft mit übertriebener Dramatik.
He seized every opportunity to complain about the incompetence of those responsible, often with exaggerated drama.
Noun 'Inkompetenz' (incompetence) and adverbial phrase 'mit übertriebener Dramatik'.
Das ständige Monieren und Schimpfen der Belegschaft führte letztendlich zu einem Streik.
The staff's constant complaining and grumbling ultimately led to a strike.
Noun 'Belegschaft' (staff) and noun 'Streik' (strike).
Seine Fähigkeit, sich auf das Wesentliche zu konzentrieren, wurde durch das unablässige Schimpfen seiner Kollegen stark beeinträchtigt.
His ability to concentrate on the essentials was severely impaired by the incessant grumbling of his colleagues.
Adjective 'unablässige' (incessant) and verb 'beeinträchtigt' (impaired).
類義語
反対語
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Stop grumbling/scolding!
The parent said to the child, 'Hör auf zu schimpfen!'
— I have to complain about...
If you received poor service, you might say, 'Ich muss mich über den Service beschweren.'
— He/She always grumbles about the weather.
This is a common stereotype for someone who complains frequently.
— Complaining/Scolding doesn't help.
A pragmatic response when someone is venting their frustration.
— To complain about something.
Wir haben uns über die hohen Preise geschimpft.
— To scold oneself.
After making a mistake, he thought, 'Ich schimpfe mich selbst.'
— He grumbles/complains like a sparrow (very loudly and incessantly).
This idiom describes someone who complains a lot.
— What's all this complaining/scolding about?
A question asked when someone is complaining excessively.
— Complaining is futile.
A more formal way of saying 'Schimpfen hilft doch nichts.'
よく混同される語
'Beschimpfen' means to insult or verbally abuse someone, which is a stronger and more offensive action than 'schimpfen'. While 'schimpfen' can be a scolding or grumbling, 'beschimpfen' involves direct insults.
'Sich beschweren' is a general term for complaining and can be used in more formal contexts or for less emotional expressions of dissatisfaction. 'Schimpfen' often implies a more audible and potentially angry vocalization.
'Meckern' is similar to 'schimpfen' in that it means to grumble, but it often implies a more whiny, petty, or persistent tone about minor issues. 'Schimpfen' can be more serious or directed as a scolding.
慣用句と表現
— To grumble or complain incessantly and loudly, like a small bird.
My neighbor is always schimpfen wie ein Rohrspatz about the slightest inconvenience.
Informal— To complain and laugh at the same time; to express mixed feelings or to make light of a difficult situation.
They were schimpfen und lachen about the ridiculousness of their predicament.
Informal— To give someone a stern lecture or scolding; to tell someone off (similar to schimpfen but often more formal and serious).
The manager had to lesen dem neuen Mitarbeiter die Leviten for his repeated mistakes.
Neutral to Formal— To give someone a telling-off; to scold someone severely (similar to schimpfen but more direct and forceful).
After the incident, the father washed his son's head.
Informal— To complain about something (often used informally, can be stronger than 'sich beschweren').
He likes to schimpfen auf die Politik.
Informal— To complain about something (standard usage).
Die Kunden schimpften sich über die langen Wartezeiten.
Neutral— To accuse someone of something (can be part of scolding).
Sie warf ihm vor, nicht ehrlich zu sein.
Neutral— To reprimand or admonish someone (similar to schelten).
Der Beamte wurde für sein Verhalten gerügt.
Formal— To whine, moan, or lament. Similar to meckern or mild schimpfen.
Er jammerte über seine Müdigkeit.
Informal間違えやすい
Both verbs express negative verbalization.
'Schimpfen' can mean to scold or grumble, often about circumstances or minor misbehavior. 'Beschimpfen' specifically means to insult or verbally abuse someone, using offensive language. The latter is much stronger and more aggressive.
Der Chef <strong>schimpfte</strong> mit dem Mitarbeiter wegen der Verspätung. (The boss scolded the employee for being late.) vs. Er <strong>beschimpfte</strong> den Verkäufer wegen eines Fehlers. (He insulted the salesperson because of a mistake.)
Both verbs describe grumbling or complaining.
'Meckern' often suggests a more continuous, whiny, or petty form of complaining about minor issues. 'Schimpfen' can be a more direct scolding or a stronger expression of annoyance. 'Meckern' is generally less intense.
Sie <strong>meckert</strong> ständig über das Wetter. (She constantly grumbles about the weather.) vs. Die Mutter <strong>schimpfte</strong> mit ihrem Kind, weil es nicht aufräumte. (The mother scolded her child because it didn't tidy up.)
Both verbs relate to expressing dissatisfaction.
'Sich beschweren' is a more general and often more formal way to complain, which can be written or spoken, and is less emotionally charged. 'Schimpfen' usually implies a more audible, vocal, and often annoyed or angry expression of displeasure.
Ich <strong>beschwere</strong> mich über die Qualität des Produkts. (I am complaining about the product's quality.) vs. Er <strong>schimpfte</strong> lautstark über die überhöhten Preise. (He loudly complained about the exorbitant prices.)
Both can involve pointing out negative aspects.
'Kritisieren' means to criticize, focusing on analytical judgment and identifying faults in a more objective manner. 'Schimpfen' is more about expressing personal annoyance, frustration, or anger, often in a less analytical way.
Die Journalisten <strong>kritisierten</strong> die Regierungspolitik. (The journalists criticized the government policy.) vs. Die Bürger <strong>schimpften</strong> über die hohen Steuern. (The citizens grumbled about the high taxes.)
Both are used for scolding.
'Schelten' is very close in meaning to 'schimpfen' when it comes to scolding. It can sometimes sound slightly more formal or traditional. In many contexts, they are interchangeable for scolding, but 'schelten' might imply a more authoritative reprimand.
Der Trainer <strong>scheltete</strong> seine Spieler nach der Niederlage. (The coach scolded his players after the defeat.) This is very similar to 'Der Trainer <strong>schimpfte</strong> mit seinen Spielern...'
文型パターン
Subject + schimpfen.
Der Mann schimpft.
Subject + schimpfen + viel.
Sie schimpft viel.
Subject + schimpfen + über + Accusative.
Wir schimpfen über den Regen.
Subject + schimpfen + mit + Dative.
Der Vater schimpft mit dem Kind.
Subject + haben + Object + geschimpft.
Ich habe mich über die Wartezeit geschimpft.
Subject + schimpfen, weil + Clause.
Er schimpft, weil er Hunger hat.
Anstatt zu schimpfen, + Verb + ...
Anstatt zu schimpfen, solltest du ruhig bleiben.
Das ständige Schimpfen + von + Dative + Verb.
Das ständige Schimpfen von ihm nervte alle.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
High
-
Using 'schimpfen über' when scolding a person directly.
→
Use 'schimpfen mit' for direct scolding.
While 'schimpfen über' means to complain about something or someone, 'schimpfen mit' is used when you are actively reprimanding or scolding a person. Example: Incorrect: 'Ich schimpfe über dich.' Correct: 'Ich schimpfe mit dir.'
-
Confusing 'schimpfen' with 'beschimpfen'.
→
Use 'schimpfen' for grumbling/scolding; use 'beschimpfen' for insulting.
'Schimpfen' is about expressing displeasure or reprimanding. 'Beschimpfen' means to insult or use abusive language, which is much stronger and more offensive. Example: 'Er schimpfte wegen des Fehlers.' (He grumbled about the mistake.) vs. 'Er beschimpfte den Kollegen.' (He insulted the colleague.)
-
Using 'schimpfen' in very formal contexts where 'kritisieren' or 'sich beschweren' would be more appropriate.
→
Choose formality based on context.
While 'schimpfen' is common, it can sound too informal or emotional in formal settings like official complaints or academic discussions. In such cases, 'kritisieren' (to criticize) or 'sich beschweren' (to complain) are better choices. Example: Formal: 'Die Studie kritisiert die Methodik.' Informal: 'Ich schimpfe über die schlechte Studie.'
-
Incorrectly conjugating 'schimpfen' in the perfect tense.
→
Use 'haben' as the auxiliary verb.
Like most verbs denoting an action rather than a state or movement to a new location, 'schimpfen' forms its perfect tense with 'haben'. Example: Incorrect: 'Ich bin geschimpft.' Correct: 'Ich <strong>habe</strong> geschimpft.'
-
Using 'schimpfen' when simply thinking negatively without vocalizing.
→
Use 'schimpfen' only for audible expressions of displeasure.
'Schimpfen' implies verbalizing one's annoyance or anger. If you are merely having negative thoughts, other phrases like 'Ich bin verärgert' (I am annoyed) or 'Ich denke negativ' (I am thinking negatively) would be more appropriate. Example: You don't 'schimpfen' in your head; you 'grumble' or 'complain' audibly.
ヒント
Focus on the 'sch' sound
The German 'sch' sound is like the English 'sh' in 'ship'. Make sure to pronounce it clearly. The 'mpf' combination is also important to get right, similar to how it's written. Practice saying 'schimpfen' aloud several times.
Master the prepositions
The prepositions 'über' (about) and 'mit' (with) are crucial for using 'schimpfen' correctly. Remember 'schimpfen über + Accusative' for complaining about something, and 'schimpfen mit + Dative' for scolding someone.
Differentiate from 'beschimpfen'
Be aware that 'beschimpfen' means to insult, which is much stronger and more offensive than 'schimpfen'. Use 'schimpfen' for general grumbling or scolding, and 'beschimpfen' only when serious insults are involved.
Context is key
The meaning of 'schimpfen' can range from mild grumbling to a stern scolding. Pay attention to the tone of voice and the situation to understand the exact nuance. When in doubt, use 'sich beschweren' for a more general complaint.
Create vivid associations
Link 'schimpfen' to a strong image or sound. Imagine a grumpy character named 'Schimpf' who always complains, or the sound 'schmpf!' when someone is unhappy. Repetition and association will help cement the word in your memory.
Listen and repeat
Listen to native speakers using 'schimpfen' in videos, podcasts, or conversations. Try to repeat the sentences, paying attention to pronunciation and intonation. This will help you use the word more naturally.
Observe cultural use
Notice how often 'schimpfen' appears in everyday German dialogues. Understanding its common usage in family settings, workplaces, and public spaces will give you a better feel for its natural application.
Explore related words
Learn words like 'meckern', 'schelten', and 'sich beschweren'. Understanding their subtle differences will allow you to choose the most precise verb for expressing various degrees of dissatisfaction.
Use it in sentences
Actively try to incorporate 'schimpfen' into your own German sentences. Describe a time you were annoyed, or imagine a scenario where someone needs to be scolded. Practice makes perfect!
Write short stories
Write short paragraphs or dialogues that include 'schimpfen'. This helps you internalize the grammar and context, making it easier to recall and use correctly in written communication.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a grumpy person named 'Schimpf' who is always complaining. Every time you hear 'schimpfen', think of this grumpy character 'Schimpf' who is always vocalizing his displeasure.
視覚的連想
Picture a person with a very furrowed brow and a downturned mouth, grumbling loudly while shaking their fist. The exaggerated negative expression helps associate the word with its meaning.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to use 'schimpfen' in at least three different sentences today, describing different scenarios of scolding or grumbling. For example, imagine a teacher scolding a student, a person complaining about the weather, and someone grumbling to themselves.
語源
The German verb 'schimpfen' has roots in Middle High German 'schimpfen' and Old High German 'scimphen'. It is related to words meaning 'to jest', 'to mock', or 'to play'. This etymological connection suggests an evolution from playful or mocking speech to the expression of annoyance or displeasure.
元の意味： Originally, 'schimpfen' could mean to jest, to mock, or to play. Over time, the meaning shifted towards expressing annoyance, grumbling, and scolding.
Germanic文化的な背景
While 'schimpfen' can be used for mild grumbling, it can also imply a harsh scolding. Be mindful of the context and tone when using it, especially when addressing someone directly, to avoid sounding overly aggressive or offensive.
In English-speaking cultures, similar expressions exist like 'to scold,' 'to grumble,' 'to complain,' and 'to tell off.' The nuances are often conveyed through tone and context, much like in German.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Parent-child interactions
- Hör auf zu schimpfen!
- Ich muss mit dir schimpfen.
- Warum schimpfst du so?
Complaining about daily life
- Ich schimpfe über das Wetter.
- Er schimpft über die Arbeit.
- Wir haben uns über den Lärm geschimpft.
Workplace discussions
- Der Chef schimpfte mit dem Team.
- Sie schimpfte über die langen Stunden.
- Manchmal schimpfen wir über die Politik.
Expressing general frustration
- Ich könnte mich aufregen und schimpfen.
- Schimpfen hilft doch nichts.
- Er schimpft wie ein Rohrspatz.
Criticizing or reprimanding
- Der Lehrer schimpfte mit dem Schüler.
- Sie schimpfte ihn wegen seines Verhaltens.
- Anstatt zu schimpfen, suche eine Lösung.
会話のきっかけ
"What do you usually do when you feel like schimpfen?"
"Can you think of a time you had to schimpfen with someone, or someone had to schimpfen with you?"
"When is it appropriate to schimpfen, and when is it better to just beschweren?"
"What are some common things people schimpfen about in your country?"
"How would you schimpfen about a terrible movie you just watched?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a situation where you felt the urge to schimpfen, but decided not to. What made you change your mind?
Write a short dialogue between a parent and child where the parent has to schimpfen. What is the reason for the schimpfen, and how does the child react?
Reflect on a time you heard someone schimpfen loudly. What was the situation, and how did it make you feel?
Imagine you are writing a complaint letter. Would you use 'sich beschweren' or 'schimpfen über'? Explain why.
Describe a character in a book or movie who tends to schimpfen a lot. What are their typical complaints?
よくある質問
10 問'Schimpfen' generally means to scold or grumble, expressing annoyance or displeasure. It can be directed at someone or about a situation. 'Beschimpfen', on the other hand, specifically means to insult or verbally abuse someone, using offensive language. It's a much stronger and more aggressive term than 'schimpfen'.
You use 'schimpfen über' (followed by the accusative case) when you are complaining *about* something or someone. For example, 'Ich schimpfe über das Wetter.' (I'm grumbling about the weather.) You use 'schimpfen mit' (followed by the dative case) when you are scolding *someone directly*. For example, 'Der Lehrer schimpfte mit dem Schüler.' (The teacher scolded the student.)
Yes, 'schimpfen' inherently expresses negative feelings like annoyance, frustration, or anger. While the intensity can vary from a mild grumble to a harsh scolding, the underlying emotion is always negative.
Yes, in informal contexts, people might 'schimpfen' at inanimate objects when they are frustrated with them, like a computer or a car. For example, 'Ich schimpfe auf meinen Computer, weil er so langsam ist.' (I'm complaining about my computer because it's so slow.) This usage is more personification of frustration.
Common synonyms include 'meckern' (to grumble, whine), 'schelten' (to scold, chide), 'sich beschweren' (to complain), and 'kritisieren' (to criticize). The choice depends on the intensity and context.
'Schimpfen' is generally considered neutral to informal. While it's used in everyday speech, in very formal situations, words like 'kritisieren' or 'sich beschweren' might be preferred. The informal verb 'meckern' is often used for milder, whinier complaints.
The simple past (Präteritum) is 'schimpfte'. The perfect tense (Perfekt), which is more common in spoken German, is formed with 'haben' and the past participle 'geschimpft'. For example, 'Ich schimpfte gestern.' (I grumbled yesterday.) or 'Ich habe gestern geschimpft.' (I grumbled yesterday.)
This idiom means to scold or grumble very loudly and incessantly, like a small bird. It describes someone who complains a lot without stopping.
Yes, 'schimpfen' can be used reflexively with 'sich' (e.g., 'sich schimpfen'), meaning to scold oneself or to complain about one's own situation. For example, 'Er schimpfte sich selbst, weil er die Prüfung nicht bestanden hatte.'
Yes, opposites would include verbs like 'loben' (to praise), 'danken' (to thank), 'zustimmen' (to agree), and 'begrüßen' (to greet/welcome), as these all express positive sentiments or approval, contrasting with the negativity of 'schimpfen'.
自分をテスト 10 問
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Perfect score!
Summary
Schimpfen is a core German verb for expressing dissatisfaction, ranging from mild grumbling to direct scolding, and is frequently used in everyday conversations.
- To scold or grumble.
- Expressing displeasure verbally.
- Common in family and work contexts.
- Key verb for everyday complaints.
Focus on the 'sch' sound
The German 'sch' sound is like the English 'sh' in 'ship'. Make sure to pronounce it clearly. The 'mpf' combination is also important to get right, similar to how it's written. Practice saying 'schimpfen' aloud several times.
Master the prepositions
The prepositions 'über' (about) and 'mit' (with) are crucial for using 'schimpfen' correctly. Remember 'schimpfen über + Accusative' for complaining about something, and 'schimpfen mit + Dative' for scolding someone.
Differentiate from 'beschimpfen'
Be aware that 'beschimpfen' means to insult, which is much stronger and more offensive than 'schimpfen'. Use 'schimpfen' for general grumbling or scolding, and 'beschimpfen' only when serious insults are involved.
Context is key
The meaning of 'schimpfen' can range from mild grumbling to a stern scolding. Pay attention to the tone of voice and the situation to understand the exact nuance. When in doubt, use 'sich beschweren' for a more general complaint.
関連コンテンツ
emotionsの関連語
abgeneigt
B1何かを好きではなく、避けたいと思うさま。
ablehnend
B1何かや誰かを良く思っていない、拒否しているような態度を示す時に使います。
abneigen
B1誰かや何かに対して嫌悪感や反感を持つこと。
Abneigung
B1アブナイグングは、何かまたは誰かに対する強い嫌悪感または反感の意味です。それは深い嫌悪感です。 会社での急な変化にはある程度の嫌悪感があります。
Abscheu
B1非常に強い嫌悪感や不快感のことです。
abscheuen
B1強い嫌悪感を伴って、何かや誰かをひどく憎むことです。
Ach!
A1あっ！素晴らしい。/ ああ、なるほど。
ach
A2ああ、あら、まあ。驚き、納得、後悔などの感情を表します。
akzeptierend
B1accepting
Albtraum
A2悪夢（あくむ）。眠っている時の怖い夢、または現実のひどい状況。「昨夜、悪夢を見た」は 'Ich hatte letzte Nacht einen Albtraum' と言います。
