A2 · 初中級 チャプター 15

「やりたい」や「理由」をもっと詳しく！表現の幅を広げる動詞のルール

3 トータルルール
15 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the flow of English by connecting your actions and intentions with confidence.

  • Identify which verbs take infinitives versus gerunds.
  • Explain the reasons for your actions using clear structures.
  • Master the art of giving and receiving objects in sentences.
Connect your actions and intentions with ease.

学べること

基礎を身につけたあなたなら、次はもっと詳しく自分の気持ちや理由を伝えたくなりますよね！この章では、表現の幅をぐっと広げる「動詞のパターン」をマスターします。まず、「want to do」や「enjoy doing」のように、動詞の後ろに続く形（不定詞や動名詞）の使い分けを学びます。これがわかると、趣味や予定をより正確に伝えられるようになりますよ。次に、「〜するために」という目的の伝え方です。「to」や「for」を使いこなせれば、例えば「友達へのプレゼントを買うために店に行く」といった日常の行動理由をスッキリ説明できるようになります。さらに、「私に本を貸して」のように、相手と物をセットで伝えるルールも攻略します。この章を終える頃には、ただ単語を並べるだけでなく、自分の行動に「理由」を添えて、より自然で説得力のある英語が話せるようになります。一歩上の英会話を目指して、一緒に楽しく進めていきましょう！

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use gerunds and infinitives correctly with common verbs like enjoy, want, and decide.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Clearly state the purpose of an action using 'to' and 'for'.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Construct sentences with two objects, such as 'give me the book' or 'give the book to me'.

重要な例文 (6)

1

I want to visit Japan one day.

Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns (Want to Go / Enjoy Going)
2

She enjoys cooking for her family.

Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns (Want to Go / Enjoy Going)
3

I went to the library to study for my exam.

Expressing Purpose with To and For
4

She called to apologise for being late.

Expressing Purpose with To and For
5

Can you pass me the salt, please?

Verbs with Two Objects: Give Me the Book / Give the Book to Me
6

Can you pass the salt to me, please?

Verbs with Two Objects: Give Me the Book / Give the Book to Me

ヒントとコツ (3)

💡

Memorize in pairs

Learn the verb and its complement together.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns (Want to Go / Enjoy Going)
💡

The Verb Test

If you are about to say a verb, use 'to'. If you are about to say a noun, use 'for'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Purpose with To and For
💡

Focus Matters

Put the person first if they are the main focus. Put the thing first if it is the main focus.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verbs with Two Objects: Give Me the Book / Give the Book to Me

重要な語彙 (6)

enjoy to get pleasure from decide to make a choice purpose the reason for doing something give to hand something to someone offer to present something for acceptance avoid to keep away from

Real-World Preview

party-popper

Planning a Party

Review Summary

  • Verb + to + Verb OR Verb + Verb-ing
  • To + Verb
  • Verb + Person + Thing

よくある間違い

The verb 'enjoy' must be followed by a gerund (-ing), not an infinitive.

Wrong: I enjoy to play tennis.
正解: I enjoy playing tennis.

Use 'to' + verb for purpose, not 'for'. 'For' is followed by a noun.

Wrong: I go to the shop for buy bread.
正解: I go to the shop to buy bread.

When the person is the indirect object, you don't need 'to' if the person comes first.

Wrong: Give to me the pen.
正解: Give me the pen.

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job today. Take a break, and get ready to tackle conditionals next!

Write a 5-sentence story using these patterns.

Continue to: 「もしも」の未来と空想の世界、そして「受け身」をマスター！

クイック練習 (9)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am here to learn.
Use 'to' + base verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Purpose with To and For

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

I finish to work.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I finish working
Finish takes a gerund.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns (Want to Go / Enjoy Going)

Choose the correct form.

I enjoy ___ (read).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: reading
Enjoy takes a gerund.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns (Want to Go / Enjoy Going)

Fill in the blank with 'to' or 'for'.

I went to the store ___ buy milk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to
Use 'to' before a verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Purpose with To and For

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I sent him a letter.
Person-first structure needs no preposition.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verbs with Two Objects: Give Me the Book / Give the Book to Me

Fill in the blank.

I want ___ (go) home.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: to go
Want takes an infinitive.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns (Want to Go / Enjoy Going)

Fill in the blank.

I gave ___ the book.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: him
Person comes first, no preposition.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verbs with Two Objects: Give Me the Book / Give the Book to Me

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Explain me the rule.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Explain the rule to me.
Explain requires a preposition.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Verbs with Two Objects: Give Me the Book / Give the Book to Me

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

I need a pen for write.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.
Both 'to write' and 'for writing' can indicate purpose for an object.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing Purpose with To and For

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

It marks the infinitive form.
Some verbs take both, like 'like'.
No, never. Use 'to' instead.
Yes, or gerunds (verb-ing) when describing function.
Most of the time, yes. However, some verbs like 'explain' only work with the 'to' pattern.
We use 'for' when the action is done for someone's benefit, like 'buying' or 'making'.
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