A2 · 初中級 チャプター 16

「もしも」の未来と空想の世界、そして「受け身」をマスター！

3 トータルルール
13 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of hypothetical thinking and focus on the action rather than the actor.

  • Predict likely outcomes using the first conditional.
  • Imagine impossible or unlikely situations with the second conditional.
  • Describe events objectively using the passive voice.
Unlock potential and focus on the action.

学べること

こんにちは！基礎をしっかり身につけてきたあなたなら、この章で英語の表現力がぐっと豊かになりますよ。ここでは、日常会話をより自然にする3つの重要なステップを学びます。まずは「もし晴れたら〜する」といった、現実的な未来の予定を立てる方法。友達を遊びに誘う時にすぐ使えます。次に、少しワクワクする「もし空を飛べたら…」といった空想の話。今の自分とは違う状況を想像して、夢や願いを語る魔法のフレーズです。そして最後は「受け身」。誰がしたかよりも「何が行われたか」を伝えたい場面、例えば旅行先で「ここでは英語が通じます（話されています）」という案内を理解したり、起きた出来事を客観的に説明したりする時に大活躍します。この章を終える頃には、現実の予定から楽しい空想、そして身近な出来事まで、自信を持って詳しく伝えられるようになります。新しい扉を一緒に開きましょう！

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Create a short story using conditionals and passive sentences.

重要な例文 (6)

1

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

First Conditional: If It Rains, I Will Stay Home
2

I won't go to the party if I feel tired.

First Conditional: If It Rains, I Will Stay Home
3

If I lived near the beach, I would swim every day.

Second Conditional: If I Had Wings, I Would Fly
4

What would you do if you lost your job?

Second Conditional: If I Had Wings, I Would Fly
5

English is spoken in over 50 countries.

Passive Voice: English Is Spoken Here / The Window Was Broken
6

My car was stolen last night.

Passive Voice: English Is Spoken Here / The Window Was Broken

ヒントとコツ (3)

💡

Comma Rule

Use a comma if the 'if' clause comes first. If it comes second, no comma is needed.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: First Conditional: If It Rains, I Will Stay Home
💡

The 'Were' Rule

Always use 'were' instead of 'was' in formal writing for 'If I/he/she/it were'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Second Conditional: If I Had Wings, I Would Fly
💡

Focus on the object

Always look for the object first when changing to passive.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice: English Is Spoken Here / The Window Was Broken

重要な語彙 (6)

imaginary not real possibility something that might happen passive focused on the object outcome the result of an event unlikely not probable action something being done

Real-World Preview

package

The Mysterious Package

Review Summary

  • If + Present Simple, will + verb
  • If + Past Simple, would + verb
  • be + past participle

よくある間違い

Never use 'will' in the 'if' clause. The 'if' part stays in the present.

Wrong: If I will go, I will see him.
正解: If I go, I will see him.

In second conditionals, use 'were' for all subjects, including 'I', 'he', and 'she'.

Wrong: If I was you, I would study.
正解: If I were you, I would study.

Passive voice always requires the past participle (eaten), not the base verb.

Wrong: The cake was eat.
正解: The cake was eaten.

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job this chapter. Keep practicing these structures in your daily writing. See you in the next chapter!

Write 5 sentences about your dream house using second conditional.

Continue to: Reported Speech and Relative Clauses

クイック練習 (10)

Fill in the correct form of the verb.

If I ___ (have) more time, I would study.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: had
Past simple is required in the 'if' clause.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Second Conditional: If I Had Wings, I Would Fly

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If I were you, I would go.
Correct structure: If + Past, would + Verb.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Second Conditional: If I Had Wings, I Would Fly

Fix the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

The house builded.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The house is built.
Irregular participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice: English Is Spoken Here / The Window Was Broken

Fill in the blank.

The cake ___ eaten.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is
Subject is singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice: English Is Spoken Here / The Window Was Broken

Fill in the blank.

If you ___ (not/hurry), you will miss the bus.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: don't hurry
Negative present simple.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: First Conditional: If It Rains, I Will Stay Home

Find the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

If I would win, I would buy a house.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If I won, I would buy a house.
No 'would' in the 'if' clause.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Second Conditional: If I Had Wings, I Would Fly

Select the best modal.

If it rains, I ___ go out.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all of the above
All modals work.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: First Conditional: If It Rains, I Will Stay Home

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is passive?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The cake was eaten.
Be + V3.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Passive Voice: English Is Spoken Here / The Window Was Broken

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: If I go, I will see him.
Correct structure.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: First Conditional: If It Rains, I Will Stay Home

Fill in the blank.

If it ___ (rain), I will stay home.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: rains
Present simple for if-clause.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: First Conditional: If It Rains, I Will Stay Home

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, never. It is grammatically incorrect in standard English.
First is for real possibilities; Second is for imaginary ones.
In casual speech, yes. In formal writing, 'were' is preferred.
The 'if' clause sets the condition, and 'would' is for the result. Using it twice is redundant.
Use it when the action is more important than the person doing it.
Yes, you can use it in almost all tenses.
前のチャプター
「やりたい」や「理由」をもっと詳しく！表現の幅を広げる動詞のルール
次のチャプター
Reported Speech and Relative Clauses
ロードマップに戻る