Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'have just' to describe actions completed moments ago that still feel like 'news' in the present.
- Place 'just' between 'have/has' and the past participle. Example: 'I have just eaten.'
- Use it for very recent events, usually within the last few minutes. Example: 'The bus has just left.'
- In American English, you might hear 'just' with the Past Simple, but B1 exams require Present Perfect.
Overview
How This Grammar Works
Formation Pattern
have または has)
Conjugation Table
| Subject | Helping Verb | Past Participle | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| I / You / We / They | have | finished | I have just finished my tea. |
| He / She / It | has | arrived | The Uber has already arrived. |
When To Use It
- Just: 30秒前に起こったこと。「メールをたった今送った（I've just sent...）」
- Already: 予想より早く終わったこと。「その映画はもう見た（I've already seen...）」
- Yet: 否定文と疑問文で「まだ」や「もう」を表します。「返信はまだ？（Has she replied yet?）」
- Recently / Lately: 最近の出来事全般。「最近忙しいんだ（I've been busy recently）」
Common Mistakes
has は三人称単数（He/She/It）の時だけです。「I have went」ではなく「I have gone」を使いましょう。不規則動詞は言うことを聞かない友達のようなもの。覚えるしかありません。Contrast With Similar Patterns
Quick FAQ
'have' なしで 'just' は使えますか？
アメリカ英語では使われますが、イギリス英語や試験では 'have' をつけましょう。
'already' はどこに入れますか？
普通は 'have/has' と動詞の間です。
Present Perfect + Just
| Subject | Auxiliary | Adverb | Past Participle (V3) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
just
|
finished
|
I have just finished.
|
|
You
|
have
|
just
|
eaten
|
You have just eaten.
|
|
He/She/It
|
has
|
just
|
arrived
|
She has just arrived.
|
|
We
|
have
|
just
|
seen
|
We have just seen it.
|
|
They
|
have
|
just
|
left
|
They have just left.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Pronunciation Guide |
|---|---|---|
|
I have just
|
I've just
|
/aɪv dʒʌst/
|
|
You have just
|
You've just
|
/juːv dʒʌst/
|
|
He has just
|
He's just
|
/hiːz dʒʌst/
|
|
She has just
|
She's just
|
/ʃiːz dʒʌst/
|
|
We have just
|
We've just
|
/wiːv dʒʌst/
|
|
They have just
|
They've just
|
/ðeɪv dʒʌst/
|
Meanings
A specific use of the Present Perfect tense to indicate that an action was completed a very short time before the moment of speaking.
Immediate Completion
To show that a task or action ended seconds or minutes ago.
“I've just sent the email.”
“She's just walked through the door.”
Breaking News
To announce something that has happened so recently it changes the current situation.
“The President has just announced his resignation.”
“A massive earthquake has just hit the coast.”
Polite Refusal/Status Update
To explain why you don't need something or why you are busy.
“No thanks, I've just had lunch.”
“I've just started a movie, can I call you back?”
Reference Table
| 行動のタイプ | 助動詞 | 動詞の形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
肯定文
|
have/has
|
Past Participle
|
She has arrived.
|
|
否定文
|
have/has not
|
Past Participle
|
They haven't seen it.
|
|
疑問文
|
Have/Has + 主語
|
Past Participle
|
Have you finished?
|
|
最近の完了 (just)
|
have/has just
|
Past Participle
|
I've just eaten.
|
|
すでに完了
|
have/has already
|
Past Participle
|
We've already left.
|
|
まだ完了していない
|
have/has not yet
|
Past Participle
|
He hasn't called yet.
|
|
ニュース/更新
|
have/has
|
Past Participle
|
The store has opened.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I have just completed the final report for your review. (Workplace)
I've just finished the report. (Workplace)
Just finished the report! (Workplace)
Report's done, just sent it. (Workplace)
最近の行動を表す現在完了形
主な要素
- Have/Has 助動詞
- Past Participle 主要動詞の形
- Just ごく最近
- Yet/Already 時を表す副詞
いつ使うか
- Fresh News 最新情報
- Just Finished ついさっきの行動
- Present Result 今と関連する結果
いつ使わないか
- Yesterday 特定の過去の時間
- Last Week 特定の過去の時間
- In 2023 特定の過去の年
現在完了形と過去形（最近の行動）の比較
現在完了形と過去形を使い分ける
行動の正確な時間は重要ですか、それとも特定されていますか？
その行動は、現在の時点と明確な関連性や結果がありますか？
過去分詞パワーアップ
規則動詞 (-ed)
- • finished
- • started
- • opened
- • closed
不規則動詞 (よくあるもの)
- • eaten
- • gone
- • seen
- • done
- • written
- • bought
助動詞
- • have
- • has
- • haven't
- • hasn't
レベル別の例文
I have just eaten lunch.
I have just eaten lunch.
She has just arrived.
She has just arrived.
They have just left.
They have just left.
He has just called.
He has just called.
I've just finished my homework.
I've just finished my homework.
We've just seen a great movie.
We've just seen a great movie.
Has the train just gone?
Has the train just gone?
The rain has just started.
The rain has just started.
I've just heard the news about your promotion!
I've just heard the news about your promotion!
She's just stepped out for a coffee break.
She's just stepped out for a coffee break.
We've just moved into our new apartment.
We've just moved into our new apartment.
Have you just finished that book I lent you?
Have you just finished that book I lent you?
The government has just passed a controversial new law.
The government has just passed a controversial new law.
I've just been thinking about our conversation from earlier.
I've just been thinking about our conversation from earlier.
He's just been appointed as the new CEO.
He's just been appointed as the new CEO.
They've just released the latest version of the software.
They've just released the latest version of the software.
I've just been wondering whether we should reconsider the proposal.
I've just been wondering whether we should reconsider the proposal.
The witness has just provided a crucial piece of evidence.
The witness has just provided a crucial piece of evidence.
She's just come to the realization that her career path needs to change.
She's just come to the realization that her career path needs to change.
The market has just experienced a significant downturn.
The market has just experienced a significant downturn.
The author has just elucidated a point that had hitherto been obscure.
The author has just elucidated a point that had hitherto been obscure.
I've just been perusing the archives and found something startling.
I've just been perusing the archives and found something startling.
The symphony has just reached its crescendo, leaving the audience breathless.
The symphony has just reached its crescendo, leaving the audience breathless.
He has just undergone a profound metamorphosis in his political outlook.
He has just undergone a profound metamorphosis in his political outlook.
間違えやすい
Both refer to the past in the Present Perfect. 'Just' is for very recent actions, while 'already' is for actions that happened sooner than expected.
In some languages, the word for 'just' and 'only' is the same. In English, 'just' can mean 'recently' or 'only'.
Learners often use Past Simple because it's easier, but it changes the 'flavor' of the sentence.
よくある間違い
I just have eaten.
I have just eaten.
He have just arrived.
He has just arrived.
I have just saw him.
I have just seen him.
I have just finish.
I have just finished.
I've finished just.
I've just finished.
Has just the bus left?
Has the bus just left?
I am just finished.
I have just finished.
I've just been seeing him.
I've just seen him.
I've just finished it yesterday.
I finished it yesterday.
They've just went out.
They've just gone out.
I've just had been thinking...
I've just been thinking...
文型パターン
I've just ___ (V3) my ___.
Has the ___ just ___ (V3)?
We've just been ___ (V-ing) and we're ___.
It has just been ___ (V3) that ___.
Real World Usage
I've just left the house, be there in 10!
The jury has just reached a verdict.
I've just completed a course in project management.
No dessert for me, I've just had a huge main course.
Just finished my first marathon! 🏃♂️
I've just checked your order status and it's out for delivery.
「今との関連性」を意識しよう
have just finished my coffee.」と言うとき、カップがまだテーブルにある状況が想像できますよね。特定の時間表現に注意！
went to the park yesterday.」が正しいです。「Just」や「Already」に耳を傾けよう
've just eaten.」や「I've already finished it.」です。アメリカ英語とイギリス英語の違い
Smart Tips
Use 'I've just' to give a reason. It sounds less like a rejection and more like a fact.
Check if the verb ends in -ed. If it's regular, V2 and V3 are the same! If it's irregular, you must memorize the third column.
Move it! In English, 'just' almost never goes at the end of a Present Perfect sentence.
Use 'just' to create a sense of drama or surprise.
発音
The 've' contraction
In 'I've just', the 've' is often very soft, sounding like a small /v/ sound attached to 'I'.
Sentence Stress
The word 'just' usually receives the most stress in the sentence to emphasize the recency.
Rising-Falling on 'Just'
I've ↗JUST↘ finished.
Conveys excitement or a sense of relief.
暗記しよう
記憶術
JUST stands for: Joined Up Short Time. It joins the past to the present in a short time frame.
視覚的連想
Imagine a piece of toast that has 'just' popped out of the toaster. It is still hot, steaming, and fresh—exactly like an action described with 'have just'.
Rhyme
If the action is fresh and new, 'Have just' is the tense for you!
Story
Imagine you walk into a room and smell perfume. You say, 'She has just been here.' The smell is the present evidence of the very recent past action.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around you. Find three things that have happened in the last 5 minutes and say them out loud using 'I have just...'.
文化メモ
BrE speakers are very strict about using Present Perfect with 'just'. Using Past Simple ('I just did it') sounds very American to them.
AmE speakers frequently use the Past Simple with 'just'. Both 'I just ate' and 'I've just eaten' are acceptable, but the former is more common in casual speech.
Similar to British English, but often uses 'just' to mean 'only' or 'simply' in the same sentence structure, which can be confusing.
The word 'just' comes from the Latin 'justus' (righteous/exact). Its use as a time adverb evolved from the idea of an 'exact' or 'close' point in time.
会話のきっかけ
Have you just started a new hobby recently?
What's the most interesting news you've just heard?
Have you just finished any good books or TV shows?
Imagine you've just won the lottery. What's the first thing you do?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
She ___ just ___ her new job.
正しい文を選びましょう：
Find and fix the mistake:
They haven't went to the concert yet.
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesI have just _______ (see) a ghost!
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
She have just arrived at the airport.
The bus left one minute ago. (The bus...)
You can use 'just' with the Present Perfect and a specific time like 'yesterday'.
A: Would you like some cake? B: No thanks, I ______.
He's just
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe store ___ just ___ its doors for the day.
She didn't finish her homework yet.
正しい文はどれでしょう？
英語に翻訳しましょう: 'Acaban de llegar.'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文を作りましょう：
主語と正しい動詞の形を組み合わせましょう：
The package ___ already `___`.
I didn't eat breakfast this morning, so I'm hungry.
正しい文はどれでしょう？
英語に翻訳しましょう: '¿Ya has tomado tu café?'
これらの単語を並べ替えて文を作りましょう：
不定詞の動詞と過去分詞を組み合わせましょう：
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
Yes, in American English this is very common. However, in British English and on English exams like IELTS or TOEFL, `I've just finished` is preferred.
`Just` usually means a few minutes ago. `Recently` can mean days, weeks, or even months ago.
It goes after the subject. For example: `Have you just arrived?`
It is grammatically possible (`I haven't just arrived`), but it is very rare. Usually, we use `yet` for negatives.
No, it can also mean 'only' (e.g., `I have just one dollar`) or 'simply' (e.g., `It's just a joke`). Context is key!
Because 'the bus' is an 'it' (third-person singular). All singular nouns take `has`.
Yes, to show an action was in progress very recently: `I've just been thinking about you.`
No. You must always use the past participle `seen` with the Present Perfect.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Acabar de + infinitive
English uses Present Perfect; Spanish uses a special 'acabar' construction.
Venir de + infinitive
French uses 'come from' logic; English uses 'have just' logic.
Gerade + Perfekt/Präsens
English 'just' in Present Perfect is strictly for completed actions.
~ta tokoro / ~ta bakari
Japanese marks the end of the verb; English uses an auxiliary and an adverb.
Tawwan (توّاً)
Arabic uses the simple past; English uses the Present Perfect.
Gāng (刚 / 刚才)
English requires complex verb conjugation; Chinese only needs the adverb.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
関連動画
02:06 Two-Minute Case Study - Target Hits The Omnichannel Bullseye
Learn English Tenses: The Present Perfect
Learn English with Bob the Canadian
Master All 4 Present Tenses in 10 Min | English Grammar Lesson | Best Way To Learn English Tenses
Learn English | Let's Talk - Free English Lessons
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