A2 · 初中級 チャプター 5

Advanced Future and Polite Requests

4 トータルルール
42 例文
7 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the future and learn how to make graceful, polite requests in Spanish like a local.

  • Identify 12 irregular future stems.
  • Conjugate verbs in the conditional tense.
  • Form polite requests using 'would' structures.
Speak with confidence, plan with grace.

学べること

Hey language learner! Ready to level up your Spanish? In this chapter, we're diving deep into the advanced future tense and mastering polite requests. You've already got a handle on the basics, but now it's time to meet the 'rebel verbs'! You'll conquer 12 essential irregular stems like tendré (I will have), haré (I will do/make), and diré (I will say). These are the verbs that native speakers use all the time to talk about future plans, make promises, and express probabilities. Imagine confidently saying,

Tomorrow I will have a business trip
or "I'm sure everything will go well!" Next, we'll unlock the power of the Spanish 'would' – the conditional tense. By simply adding an «-ía» to the infinitive form of verbs, you'll transform simple statements into incredibly polite requests or even express your hypothetical dreams. Picture yourself in a bustling Madrid restaurant, asking,
I would like some water, please?
(¿Me gustaría un agua, por favor?). See how much more graceful that sounds than a direct command? You'll learn exactly how to use this structure to make your requests so respectful and natural that locals will genuinely appreciate it. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to discuss your future plans with absolute confidence, make charmingly polite requests, and even articulate your dreams in beautiful Spanish. Let's get started!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Conjugate irregular future verbs to discuss your upcoming plans.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Use the conditional tense to make polite requests in a restaurant or professional setting.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome, aspiring Spanish speaker, to an exciting new chapter in your language journey! If you're looking to elevate your Spanish grammar and communicate with more confidence and politeness, you're in the right place. This guide is specifically designed for A2 Spanish learners who are ready to move beyond basic conjugations and embrace the nuances of native-like communication.
We're going to tackle two incredibly useful and common grammatical structures that will open up a whole new world of expression for you.
First, we'll conquer the rebel verbs of the future tense. While you might already know how to form the regular future, these 12 essential irregular verbs are game-changers. Mastering them means you can talk about your future plans, make predictions, and express probabilities with accuracy and flair, just like a native speaker.
Think of it as predicting the future in perfect Spanish!
Next, we'll unlock the magic of the Spanish 'would' – the conditional tense. This simple yet powerful structure will transform your requests, making them incredibly polite and natural. No more sounding direct or demanding; you'll learn to express your wishes, ask for favors, and even articulate hypothetical situations with grace.
By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to discuss your future with confidence and make charmingly polite requests, significantly enhancing your conversational abilities in Spanish. Let's dive in!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces two crucial elements of Spanish grammar: the irregular future tense and the conditional tense, especially for polite requests. You've likely encountered the regular future tense, where you add specific endings to the infinitive form of a verb. However, Spanish has a set of rebel verbs that change their stem before those regular future endings are added.
These are the Spanish Future Irregular Stems. Instead of taking the whole infinitive, verbs like tener (to have) become tendr-, hacer (to do/make) becomes har-, and decir (to say) becomes dir-. The good news is that once you know these irregular stems, the endings (-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án) are still the same as for regular future verbs.
For example, to say I will have, you don't say *teneré*, but tendré. For
you will do/make,
it's not *hacerás*, but harás. And for
he/she/it will say,
it's dirá.
These Spanish Irregular Future Verbs: Predicting the Future (tendré, haré, diré) are vital for discussing future plans, making predictions, and expressing probability. For instance, Mañana tendré una reunión importante (Tomorrow I will have an important meeting) or Estoy seguro de que todo saldrá bien (I'm sure everything will turn out well). Other common irregular stems include poder (to be able to) -> podr-, poner (to put) -> pondr-, saber (to know) -> sabr-, salir (to leave) -> saldr-, venir (to come) -> vendr-, querer (to want) -> querr-, haber (to have - auxiliary) -> habr-, valer (to be worth) -> valdr-, and caber (to fit) -> cabr-.
Next, we explore The Spanish 'Would': Conditional Verbs. This tense is remarkably easy to form. You simply take the infinitive of any verb and add the conditional endings: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.
For example, hablar (to speak) becomes hablaría (I would speak), and comer (to eat) becomes comería (I would eat). Crucially, the same irregular stems you learned for the future tense also apply to the conditional! So, tener becomes tendría (I would have), hacer becomes haría (I would do/make), and decir becomes diría (I would say).
The conditional tense is incredibly useful for Polite Spanish Requests (Conditional Tense). By using phrases like Me gustaría (I would like) instead of Quiero (I want), your requests become softer, more respectful, and much more natural. For instance, ¿Me gustaría un café, por favor? (I would like a coffee, please?) sounds much more polite than Quiero un café. You can also use it for hypothetical situations: Si tuviera tiempo, iría al cine (If I had time, I would go to the cinema).
Mastering this will significantly improve your interactions in Spanish.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: *Mañana teneré que estudiar mucho.*
✓ Correct: Mañana tendré que estudiar mucho. (Tomorrow I will have to study a lot.)
*Explanation:* The verb tener is one of the irregular future verbs. Its stem changes from tener- to tendr- before adding the regular future endings. Always remember these rebel verbs!
  1. 1✗ Wrong: *Quiero un vaso de agua, por favor.*
✓ Correct: Me gustaría un vaso de agua, por favor. (I would like a glass of water, please.)
*Explanation:* While *Quiero* is grammatically correct, Me gustaría (I would like) is significantly more polite and common for making requests in Spanish, especially in formal or semi-formal situations. Using the conditional softens the request.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: *Si pudiera, hacería el viaje contigo.*
✓ Correct: Si pudiera, haría el viaje contigo. (If I could, I would do the trip with you.)
*Explanation:* Just like in the future tense, the verb hacer has an irregular stem (har-) in the conditional tense. The irregular stems apply to both the future and the conditional.

Real Conversations

A

A

¿Qué harás este fin de semana? (What will you do this weekend?)
B

B

Probablemente iré a la playa si hace buen tiempo. También tendré que estudiar un poco. (I'll probably go to the beach if the weather is good. I'll also have to study a bit.)
A

A

¿Podrías ayudarme con esto, por favor? (Could you help me with this, please?)
B

B

Claro, te ayudaría con gusto si tuviera un momento libre. (Of course, I would gladly help you if I had a free moment.)
A

A

¡Qué calor hace! ¿Te gustaría tomar algo fresco? (It's so hot! Would you like to drink something cool?)
B

B

Sí, me encantaría un zumo de naranja, por favor. (Yes, I would love an orange juice, please.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Why are some future verbs irregular in Spanish, and how can I remember them all?

The irregular future verbs in Spanish often stem from historical linguistic changes. The best way to remember them is through consistent practice and associating the infinitive with its new stem (e.g., tener -> tendr-). Many learners use mnemonics or group them by sound changes.

Q

Can I use the present tense for future events instead of the future tense in Spanish?

Yes, you can often use the present tense with a future time indicator (e.g., Mañana voy al cine - Tomorrow I go to the cinema). However, the future tense (Mañana iré al cine) sounds more formal, definitive, or emphasizes a prediction. For irregular verbs, the future tense is indispensable.

Q

What's the difference between quiero and me gustaría for requests?

Quiero (I want) is a direct statement of desire and can sound demanding. Me gustaría (I would like) uses the conditional tense and is a much softer, more polite way to express a wish or make a request, making it the preferred choice in most social interactions.

Q

Do the irregular stems for the future tense also apply to the conditional?

Absolutely! This is great news because once you learn the irregular stems for the future tense (tendr-, har-, dir-, etc.), you use the exact same stems for the conditional tense, just with the conditional endings (-ía, -ías, etc.).

Cultural Context

In Spanish-speaking cultures, politeness and respect are highly valued. Using the conditional tense, particularly me gustaría, is not just good Spanish grammar; it's a crucial part of social etiquette. Directly stating quiero (I want) can sometimes be perceived as abrupt or impolite, especially to strangers or in service settings.
Opting for me gustaría demonstrates consideration and refinement, often leading to more positive interactions. This applies across most Spanish-speaking regions.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Mañana tendré mi primer video en YouTube.

明日、初めてのYouTube動画を投稿します。

スペイン語未来形の不規則語幹：反逆の動詞たち
2

¿Qué harás este fin de semana?

今週末、何するの？

スペイン語未来形の不規則語幹：反逆の動詞たち
3

Mañana `tendré` los resultados del examen.

明日、試験の結果が出るだろう。

スペイン語の不規則未来動詞：未来を予測する (tendré, haré, diré)
4

¿Qué hora `será` ahora mismo?

今、何時くらいかな？

スペイン語の不規則未来動詞：未来を予測する (tendré, haré, diré)
5

Me gustaría visitar México este verano.

この夏、メキシコを訪れたいです。

スペイン語の「〜だろう」：条件法
6

¿Podrías pasarme la sal, por favor?

塩を取っていただけますか？

スペイン語の「〜だろう」：条件法
7

¿Podrías pasarme el enlace de Zoom?

Zoomのリンクを送っていただけますか？

スペイン語の丁寧な依頼（可能法）
8

Me gustaría un matcha latte con leche de avena.

オーツミルクの抹茶ラテをいただきたいです。

スペイン語の丁寧な依頼（可能法）

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

条件法とのつながり

このステムを今覚えれば、条件法もすでに学んだことになります！語尾を -ía、-ías、-ía などに変えるだけ。効率的でしょ？例えば、「Yo tendré un coche nuevo.」を条件法にすると「Yo tendría un coche nuevo.」になります。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語未来形の不規則語幹：反逆の動詞たち
🎯

条件法への近道

未来形の不規則な語幹を覚えると、条件法の語幹も一緒に覚えられちゃうんだ！例えば、「Tendré」（未来形）と「tendría」（条件法）は同じ語幹を使うよ！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の不規則未来動詞：未来を予測する (tendré, haré, diré)
💡

全部同じ語尾！

-ar, -er, -ir動詞、どれも条件法では全く同じ語尾を使うんだ。スペイン語で一番分かりやすい時制の一つだよ！「Yo hablaría, tú comerías, él viviría.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の「〜だろう」：条件法
💡

The 'I' Sound

すべての条件法の語尾は「-ía」から始まります。この「イーア」という長い音が聞こえたら、誰かが丁寧に話しているか、夢の話をしているサインです！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の丁寧な依頼（可能法）

重要な語彙 (6)

tendré I will have haré I will do/make diré I will say me gustaría I would like podrías could you (tú) mañana tomorrow

Real-World Preview

utensils

Dining in Madrid

Review Summary

  • Stem + é, ás, á, emos, éis, án
  • Infinitive + ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían

よくある間違い

Learners often use the wrong tense when predicting. 'Hablaría' is conditional (would speak), while 'diré' is future (will say).

Wrong: Yo hablaría la verdad.
正解: Diré la verdad.

Direct commands are often seen as blunt. Using the conditional 'me gustaría' is the standard polite form.

Wrong: Quiero una agua.
正解: Me gustaría una agua, por favor.

Do not combine future and conditional stems. The conditional just uses the infinitive + ía.

Wrong: Yo haréía el trabajo.
正解: Yo haría el trabajo.

Next Steps

You've done an incredible job navigating these advanced structures. Keep practicing these polite forms—they are the key to building genuine connections in Spanish!

Write a 5-sentence plan for your dream weekend using the conditional.

Continue to: The Basics of Finished Actions

クイック練習 (10)

「poder」の正しい条件法で空欄を埋めてください。

¿___ (tú) ayudarme con las bolsas, por favor?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Podrías
「Podrías」は友達（tú）への丁寧な依頼に使われる条件法です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の丁寧な依頼（可能法）

正しい文を選んでください。

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¿Qué dirás tú en el video?
動詞「decir」は未来形では非常に不規則で、語幹は「dir-」だよ。だから「dirás」が正しい形なんだ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の不規則未来動詞：未来を予測する (tendré, haré, diré)

この文の間違いを見つけてください。

Find and fix the mistake:

¿Nos podería traer el menú?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ¿Nos podría traer el menú?
動詞「poder」は条件法では不規則動詞で、語幹は「podr-」であり「poder-」ではありません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の丁寧な依頼（可能法）

文法的に正しい文を選んでください。

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mañana haré una videollamada.
hacerは不規則な語幹har-を持ちます。一人称単数の語尾は-éです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語未来形の不規則語幹：反逆の動詞たち

「tener」の正しい形で空欄を埋めてください。

Mañana yo ___ mucho trabajo en la oficina.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tendré
「tener」の不規則な語幹は「tendr-」だよ。「yo」の語尾「-é」を加えて「tendré」になるんだ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の不規則未来動詞：未来を予測する (tendré, haré, diré)

コーヒーを注文する最も丁寧な言い方はどれですか？

最適な選択肢を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Me gustaría un café.
「Me gustaría」は「〜をいただきたい」という意味で、注文する際の標準的な丁寧な言い方です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の丁寧な依頼（可能法）

「nosotros」に対する条件法が正しく使われている文を選んでください。

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nosotros comeríamos en ese restaurante.
「nosotros」の語尾は「-íamos」で、必ず「í」にアクセント記号が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の「〜だろう」：条件法

この文の間違いを見つけてください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Ellos vivirian en una casa más grande.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ellos vivirían en una casa más grande.
「vivirían」という単語には「í」にアクセント記号が必要です。これがないとスペルミスになります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の「〜だろう」：条件法

「hablar」の正しい条件形を空欄に入れてください。

Yo (hablar) ___ con él si tuviera su número.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hablaría
条件形を作るには、動詞の原形「hablar」に「Yo」の語尾「-ía」をつけます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の「〜だろう」：条件法

間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Nosotros saliremos a cenar a las nueve.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nosotros saldremos a cenar a las nueve.
salirの不規則な語幹はsaldr-です。-emosを加えるとsaldremosになります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語未来形の不規則語幹：反逆の動詞たち

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

それはたいてい「話しやすさ」のためです。何世紀もの間に、teneréのような動詞は、文中でより速く、より簡単に言えるtendréに変化しました。
はい、そうです！-é、-ás、-á、-emos、-éis、-ánという語尾は、規則動詞であろうと不規則動詞であろうと、すべての単純未来動詞に適用されます。例えば、「Yo tendré.」や「Tú harás.」のように。
主な不規則動詞は12個くらいだよ。他の不規則動詞の多くは、「tener」に続く「mantener」や「hacer」に続く「deshacer」のように、そのバリエーションなんだ。「Tendré」
「querer-」から「e」が落ちて、語根の「r」と未来形の語尾の始まりの「r」が残るからだよ。強く巻き舌で発音してね！「querré」
英語の「would + 動詞」と同じ意味だよ。例えば、「comería」は「私は食べるだろう」という意味になるんだ。「Comería pizza.」
いいえ、それが条件法の良いところ！どの規則動詞も、「-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían」という同じ語尾を使うんだ。「Yo hablaría, tú comerías, él viviría.」
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Planning for the Future
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The Basics of Finished Actions
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