A2 · 初中級 チャプター 4

Planning for the Future

3 トータルルール
32 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of planning your future and making predictions in Spanish with confidence.

  • Express definite plans using the 'Ir + a + Infinitive' structure.
  • Conjugate regular verbs in the simple future tense.
  • Discuss predictions and promises using future tense endings.
From today's plans to tomorrow's dreams.

学べること

Hey there, language explorer! Ready to shape your future in Spanish? You've already got a great grasp of the basics, and now it's time to level up and talk about everything that's coming next – from your weekend plans to wild predictions! First up, we'll dive into 'Ir + a + Infinitive'. This is your go-to for talking about definite plans, just like 'going to' in English. Want to say, 'I'm going to shop tomorrow,' or 'We're going to the park with friends'? This simple structure makes it super easy to express all your upcoming activities without a hitch. You'll master how to clearly state your specific, planned actions. Then, we'll move on to the 'Futuro Simple' – the simple future tense, or the 'will' tense. This is where you can say, 'I will go tomorrow,' or 'She will definitely come.' By just adding a few simple endings (like -é, -ás, -á) directly to the infinitive, you can discuss broader future events, make predictions, and even express solemn promises, like 'The weather will be sunny tomorrow' or 'I will always help you.' It's even handy for making present-tense guesses, like 'He will be hungry' (meaning 'He's probably hungry'). So, by the end of this chapter, you won't just be reacting to the present; you'll be actively discussing and shaping the future! You'll be able to confidently make social plans, chat about your next vacation, understand weather forecasts, and even make promises to your Spanish-speaking friends. Excited? Let's get started!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: describe your weekend itinerary using the 'going to' structure.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: make predictions about the weather or future events using the simple future.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome, future-fluent Spanish speaker! This chapter is your gateway to mastering how to discuss what's next, from your immediate plans to broader predictions. As an A2 Spanish grammar learner, you've already built a strong foundation, and now we're adding essential tools to talk about the future.
Being able to articulate future events is crucial for everyday conversations, allowing you to make plans, express intentions, and understand forecasts. We'll explore two primary ways to express the future in Spanish: the highly practical Ir + a + Infinitive construction and the versatile Futuro Simple (Simple Future) tense.
Understanding these structures will significantly enhance your communication skills, enabling you to confidently arrange social events, share your aspirations, and even make educated guesses about what might happen. Whether you're planning a trip, discussing tomorrow's weather, or simply telling a friend what you're going to do later, this chapter will equip you with the necessary linguistic tools. Get ready to discuss and shape your future in Spanish with confidence!

How This Grammar Works

Let's dive into the two main ways to express future actions and predictions in Spanish.
First up is Ir + a + Infinitive, which is your go-to for talking about definite, immediate plans, very much like going to in English. This structure is wonderfully straightforward. You simply take the verb ir (to go), conjugate it for the subject in the present tense, add the preposition a, and then follow it with the infinitive of the action verb.
Here's how ir is conjugated in the present tense:
* Yo voy (I go)
* Tú vas (You go - informal)
* Él/Ella/Usted va (He/She/You go - formal)
* Nosotros/as vamos (We go)
* Vosotros/as vais (You all go - informal, Spain)
* Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes van (They/You all go - formal)
So, for example:
* Voy a estudiar español mañana. (I'm going to study Spanish tomorrow.) - A clear plan.
* Ella va a visitar a su abuela este fin de semana. (She's going to visit her grandmother this weekend.) - A definite intention.
* Vamos a comer pizza esta noche. (We're going to eat pizza tonight.) - A specific, arranged activity.
Next, we have the Futuro Simple, or the Simple Future tense, which corresponds to will in English. This tense is used for broader future events, predictions, promises, and even making guesses about the present. Forming the Futuro Simple for regular verbs is surprisingly easy: you take the entire infinitive of the verb and add specific endings directly to it.
The endings are the same for all -ar, -er, and -ir verbs:
* -é (for yo)
* -ás (for tú)
* -á (for él/ella/usted)
* -emos (for nosotros/as)
* -éis (for vosotros/as)
* -án (for ellos/ellas/ustedes)
Let's see some examples:
* Yo comeré más tarde. (I will eat later.) - A general future action.
* Ella hablará con su jefe. (She will speak with her boss.) - A future event.
* Nosotros viviremos en España algún día. (We will live in Spain someday.) - A prediction or aspiration.
* Haré la tarea. (I will do the homework.) - A promise. (Note: Hacer is irregular, but still uses these endings).
* Estará cansado. (He will be tired.) - A guess about the present ("He's probably tired").

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: *Voy comprar un libro.*
✓ Correct: Voy a comprar un libro. (I'm going to buy a book.)
*Explanation:* When using Ir + a + Infinitive, the preposition a is essential between the conjugated form of ir and the infinitive verb. It acts as the to in
going to do something.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: *Mañana va a llover mucho.*
✓ Correct: Mañana lloverá mucho. (Tomorrow it will rain a lot.)
*Explanation:* While ir + a + infinitive can sometimes be used for predictions, especially in informal speech, the Futuro Simple is the more natural and grammatically precise choice for general weather forecasts or less certain predictions. Using the Futuro Simple gives the prediction a more formal or general tone, suitable for forecasts.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: *Nosotros estudiamos para el examen el lunes.*
✓ Correct: Nosotros vamos a estudiar para el examen el lunes. OR Nosotros estudiaremos para el examen el lunes. (We are going to study for the exam on Monday. / We will study for the exam on Monday.)
*Explanation:* While the present tense can sometimes imply future actions with time markers, it's generally clearer and more grammatically correct for A2 learners to use an explicit future construction. Ir + a + Infinitive emphasizes a definite plan, while Futuro Simple indicates a general future action or intention.

Real Conversations

A

A

¿Qué vas a hacer este fin de semana? (What are you going to do this weekend?)
B

B

Voy a visitar a mis amigos y luego iremos al cine. (I'm going to visit my friends and then we will go to the cinema.)
A

A

¿Crees que el equipo ganará el partido mañana? (Do you think the team will win the game tomorrow?)
B

B

¡Claro que sí! Jugarán muy bien y ganarán. (Of course! They will play very well and they will win.)
A

A

¿Cuándo vas a terminar tu proyecto? (When are you going to finish your project?)
B

B

Lo terminaré el viernes, sin falta. (I will finish it on Friday, without fail.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I know whether to use Ir + a + Infinitive or the Futuro Simple?

Use Ir + a + Infinitive for definite, planned, or immediate future actions, like "I'm going to eat lunch soon.

Use the Futuro Simple for broader future events, predictions, promises, or less certain future actions, like
It will be cold tomorrow."

Q

Are there irregular verbs in the Futuro Simple?

Yes, some common verbs have irregular stems but still use the same future endings. For example, tener becomes tendr-, hacer becomes har-, and decir becomes dir-. However, for A2, focus on the regular pattern first!

Q

Can I use Ir + a + Infinitive for predictions too?

Yes, absolutely! Especially in informal, spoken Spanish, Ir + a + Infinitive is very common for predictions, particularly when they feel more immediate or certain ("Look at those clouds, it's going to rain!"). The Futuro Simple is also correct for predictions and can sound a bit more formal or general.

Q

What's the most common way to talk about the future in casual Spanish?

In everyday, casual conversations, Ir + a + Infinitive is extremely common, especially for immediate or definite plans. It's often preferred over the Futuro Simple for its directness and simplicity.

Cultural Context

In many Spanish-speaking countries, particularly in informal speech, Ir + a + Infinitive is overwhelmingly the most common way to express future actions and even many predictions. It's perceived as more natural and immediate. The Futuro Simple, while grammatically correct and widely understood, often carries a slightly more formal tone or is reserved for more distant, less certain events, official announcements, or literary contexts.
However, both forms are essential for a complete understanding of Spanish grammar A2 future tenses.

重要な例文 (6)

1

Voy a ver una película en Netflix esta noche.

今夜、Netflixで映画を観るつもりです。

スペイン語の予定：『〜するつもり』の使い方 (Ir + a + 不定詞)
2

Mañana vamos a pedir comida por Uber Eats.

明日、Uber Eatsで食べ物を注文するつもりです。

スペイン語の予定：『〜するつもり』の使い方 (Ir + a + 不定詞)
3

Te llamaré cuando llegue al aeropuerto.

空港に着いたら電話するね。

スペイン語の未来形：未来の予測と約束 (Futuro Simple)
4

El próximo año viajaré por toda Europa.

来年、ヨーロッパ中を旅行するつもりです。

スペイン語の未来形：未来の予測と約束 (Futuro Simple)
5

El próximo verano viajaré a Japón.

来年の夏、日本へ旅行する予定です。

スペイン語の単純未来：「〜だろう/〜するつもり」の表現 (-é, -ás, -á)
6

Mañana comerás con nosotros, ¿verdad?

明日、私たちと一緒に食べるでしょ？

スペイン語の単純未来：「〜だろう/〜するつもり」の表現 (-é, -ás, -á)

ヒントとコツ (3)

⚠️

「a」を忘れないで！

「a」を飛ばしちゃダメですよ！英語を話す人が一番よく間違えるポイントなんです。これは、あなたの「〜するつもり」という気持ちと、実際の行動をつなぐ接着剤だと思ってくださいね。「Voy a comer.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の予定：『〜するつもり』の使い方 (Ir + a + 不定詞)
🎯

「R」の音に注目！

語尾の母音の前に「R」の音が入っていたら、それはほとんどの場合、未来形か条件法だよ。この「R」がヒントになるんだ！例えば、「食べるだろう」は Comeré だね。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の未来形：未来の予測と約束 (Futuro Simple)
💡

万能な時制

未来形は、-ar、-er、-ir、どの動詞にも同じ語尾を使う、とっても便利な時制だよ！一番簡単な活用法かもね！「Nosotros escribiremos.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の単純未来：「〜だろう/〜するつもり」の表現 (-é, -ás, -á)

重要な語彙 (5)

mañana tomorrow próximo next viajar to travel comer to eat estudiar to study

Real-World Preview

coffee

Planning the Weekend

Review Summary

  • [Ir] + a + [Infinitive]
  • [Infinitive] + [é, ás, á, emos, éis, án]

よくある間違い

Students often forget the preposition 'a' between the conjugated 'ir' and the infinitive.

Wrong: Yo voy comer.
正解: Yo voy a comer.

Do not add 'a' before the infinitive when using the simple future tense.

Wrong: Yo comeré a estudiar.
正解: Yo estudiaré.

The infinitive must remain in its base form after 'voy a'.

Wrong: Yo voy a estudiaré.
正解: Yo voy a estudiar.

Next Steps

You have done an incredible job today. Keep practicing these structures in your daily life, and you will be speaking about your future with total fluency in no time!

Write a 5-sentence prediction for your next year.

Continue to: Advanced Future and Polite Requests

クイック練習 (9)

「ir」の正しい形と前置詞「a」を使って空欄を埋めましょう。

Yo ___ ___ estudiar para el examen.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: voy a
主語が「Yo」なので、「ir」を「voy」に活用し、「a」を付けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の予定：『〜するつもり』の使い方 (Ir + a + 不定詞)

文中の間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Ellos comerán pizza esta noche, pero tú comeré ensalada.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: comerás
主語が「tú」の場合、動詞の原型「comer」に語尾「-ás」を付ける必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の単純未来：「〜だろう/〜するつもり」の表現 (-é, -ás, -á)

文法的に正しい文を選びましょう。

Choose the correct way to say 'We are going to eat':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vamos a comer
「私たち」には「vamos」、前置詞「a」、そして不定詞の「comer」が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の予定：『〜するつもり』の使い方 (Ir + a + 不定詞)

「hablar」の正しい未来形を入れてください。

Mañana yo ___ con mi madre por Zoom.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hablaré
「yo」の未来形を作るには、不定詞「hablar」に「-é」をつけます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の未来形：未来の予測と約束 (Futuro Simple)

文中の間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

El próximo mes mi familia viajará a México.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: viajará
三人称単数（mi familia）にはアクセント付きの語尾「-á」が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の未来形：未来の予測と約束 (Futuro Simple)

（）内の動詞を正しい未来形にして、空欄を埋めましょう。

Mañana (nosotros/comprar) ________ las entradas para el concierto.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: compraremos
「nosotros」の未来形を作るには、動詞の原型「comprar」に「-emos」を付け加えます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の単純未来：「〜だろう/〜するつもり」の表現 (-é, -ás, -á)

未来形が正しく使われている文を選びましょう。

文法的に正しい文を選びましょう：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yo viajaré a México el próximo mes.
「yo」の未来形は「é」にアクセントが必要です：「viajaré」。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の単純未来：「〜だろう/〜するつもり」の表現 (-é, -ás, -á)

文法的に正しい文を選んでください。

「私たちは食べるだろう」の正しい文を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nosotros comeremos.
未来形の「nosotros」の形にはアクセント記号はつきません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の未来形：未来の予測と約束 (Futuro Simple)

間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Ellos van comer en un restaurante.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ellos van a comer en un restaurante.
動詞「van」と不定詞「comer」の間に前置詞「a」が抜けています。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の予定：『〜するつもり』の使い方 (Ir + a + 不定詞)

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

はい、使えますよ！「近未来」と呼ばれていますが、どれだけ先のことでも、計画されたイベントなら幅広く使われます。例えば、「Voy a graduarme en 2027」（2027年に卒業するつもりです）は全く問題ありません。
はい、大丈夫です！英語話者には「I'm going to go to...」と繰り返しているように聞こえるかもしれませんが、スペイン語では全く普通の表現です。「Voy a ir al gimnasio」（ジムに行くつもりです）はとてもよく使われるフレーズですよ。
語尾は「-é」「-ás」「-á」「-emos」「-éis」「-án」だよ。動詞が「-ar」「-er」「-ir」のどれで終わるかに関わらず、すべての規則動詞で同じなんだ。
いいえ、規則動詞の場合は、語尾を動詞の原型に直接つけるんだ。例えば、「hablar」は「hablaré」になるよ。
いいえ、日常会話では「ir a + infinitivo」の方が一般的です。未来形は、書き言葉やフォーマルな会話、長期的な予測で好まれます。「Mañana voy a estudiar.」
いいえ、絶対に取り除かないでください！動詞全体（例：「hablar」）を残して、そこに語尾を付け加えます（「hablaré」）。これは初心者が一番間違えやすい点です。
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Mastering Pronoun Placement and Combinations
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Advanced Future and Polite Requests
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