A2 · 初中級 チャプター 3

Mastering Pronoun Placement and Combinations

8 トータルルール
77 例文
7 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of fluid Spanish by placing your object pronouns with confidence and grace.

  • Identify the correct positions for object pronouns in sentences.
  • Attach pronouns to infinitives and gerunds seamlessly.
  • Convert le/les to 'se' when combining double object pronouns.
Flow like a local with perfect pronoun placement.

学べること

Hey there, language adventurer! You've already got a good handle on basic Spanish sentences, and that's awesome. Now, are you ready to unlock a secret to sounding even more like a native speaker? In this chapter, we're diving deep into the art of pronoun placement and combinations. You know how handy pronouns are, right? Instead of saying 'I give the book to *him*', you can just say 'I give *it to him*'. But where do those little words go in Spanish? We'll show you exactly how to place them correctly – whether they pop up before your main verb or cleverly attach themselves to infinitives, gerunds, and even commands. No more awkward pauses! We'll explore the rules that govern when they can float freely and when they cling to the end of a word, sometimes even needing a little accent mark for a perfect fit. The real fun begins when you start combining them. Imagine trying to say 'I give it to her' or 'He tells it to them.' Spanish has a super smooth trick for this: when le or les meet lo, la, los, or las, they magically transform into se to keep the flow beautiful. This isn't just grammar; it's about making your Spanish sound musical and natural. By the end of this chapter, you won't just understand the rules – you'll *feel* them. You'll confidently tell your friend, 'Te lo explico' (I explain it to you) instead of stumbling. You'll be able to give clear instructions, describe daily events, and understand fast-paced conversations, all thanks to mastering these powerful little words. Get ready to elevate your Spanish!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: correctly place direct and indirect object pronouns in simple sentences.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, language adventurer! You've already got a good handle on basic Spanish sentences, and that's awesome. Now, are you ready to unlock a secret to sounding even more like a native speaker?
In this chapter, we're diving deep into the art of pronoun placement and combinations. This is a crucial step for Spanish grammar A2 learners looking to elevate their conversational skills and understand more complex sentences. Mastering these Spanish grammar rules will significantly improve your fluency and comprehension.
You know how handy pronouns are, right? Instead of saying 'I give the book to *him*', you can just say 'I give *it to him*'. But where do those little words go in Spanish?
We'll show you exactly how to place them correctly – whether they pop up before your main verb or cleverly attach themselves to infinitives, gerunds, and even commands. No more awkward pauses! We'll explore the rules that govern when they can float freely and when they cling to the end of a word, sometimes even needing a little accent mark for a perfect fit.
This pronoun placement Spanish guide is designed to make sense of these sometimes tricky patterns.
The real fun begins when you start combining them. Imagine trying to say 'I give it to her' or 'He tells it to them.' Spanish has a super smooth trick for this: when le or les meet lo, la, los, or las, they magically transform into se to keep the flow beautiful. This isn't just grammar; it's about making your Spanish sound musical and natural.
By the end of this CEFR A2 Spanish chapter, you won't just understand the rules – you'll *feel* them. You'll confidently tell your friend, 'Te lo explico' (I explain it to you) instead of stumbling. You'll be able to give clear instructions, describe daily events, and understand fast-paced conversations, all thanks to mastering these powerful little words.
Get ready to elevate your Spanish!

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of Spanish pronoun placement is the rule that pronouns generally precede a conjugated verb. This is often referred to as Pronoun Placement: Before Conjugated Verb. For example, instead of saying *Yo veo a ti* (I see to you), you say *Yo te veo* (I see you).
The pronoun te (you, informal singular) comes directly before the conjugated verb veo. Similarly, for direct object pronouns like lo (it/him) or la (it/her), you'd say *¿Tienes el libro? Sí, lo tengo* (Do you have the book?
Yes, I have it). This applies to all single object pronouns (direct, indirect, and reflexive).
Things get a bit more flexible with verb forms that aren't conjugated, specifically infinitives (verbs ending in -ar, -er, -ir), gerunds (verbs ending in -ando, -iendo, often with *estar*), and affirmative commands. In these cases, pronouns can either precede the conjugated verb (if there is one) or attach to the end of the infinitive, gerund, or command. This is what we call Spanish Pronoun Attachment: Me, Te, Lo (-lo, -me, -te).
For instance, with an infinitive, you could say *Quiero verte* (I want to see you) or *Te quiero ver* (I want to see you). Both are correct! For gerunds, like Where to put pronouns with -ing verbs (Pronoun Placement with the Gerund), you might hear *Estoy leyéndolo* (I am reading it) or *Lo estoy leyendo* (I am reading it).
When pronouns attach, especially with commands, sometimes an accent mark is needed to maintain the original stress, as seen in *Dámelo* (Give it to me). This flexibility is often referred to as Spanish Pronoun Position: Before or After? (Posición de pronombres).
The real challenge, and the true mark of A2 Spanish proficiency, comes with Spanish Double Object Pronouns (Se lo/la/los/las). When you have both an indirect object pronoun (to whom/for whom) and a direct object pronoun (what) in the same sentence, the indirect object pronoun always comes first. So, it's IO + DO.
For example, *Ella me lo da* (She gives it to me). However, a special rule applies when the indirect object pronouns le (to him/her/usted) or les (to them/ustedes) are immediately followed by a direct object pronoun (lo, la, los, las). In these cases, le or les *must* change to se.
This transformation avoids an awkward sound and makes the language flow better. So, *No le lo doy* (I don't give it to him) becomes *No se lo doy* (I don't give it to him). This se lo combination is incredibly common and vital for how to use pronouns in Spanish.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Le doy el libro a ella.
    (I give the book to her.)
✓ Correct: Se lo doy. (I give it to her.)
*Explanation:* When you have both an indirect object pronoun (le or les) and a direct object pronoun (lo, la, los, las) in the same sentence, le or les must change to se. The order is always indirect object pronoun first, then direct object pronoun.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Quiero decirte lo. (I want to tell you it.)
✓ Correct:
Quiero decírtelo.
OR
Te lo quiero decir.
(I want to tell you it.)
*Explanation:* When attaching pronouns to an infinitive, gerund, or affirmative command, they form a single word. If attaching two pronouns, the indirect object pronoun comes before the direct object pronoun. Also, an accent mark is often needed when attaching to infinitives/gerunds to preserve the original stress.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    No me gusta, no quiero lo.
    (I don't like it, I don't want it.)
✓ Correct:
No me gusta, no lo quiero.
(I don't like it, I don't want it.)
*Explanation:* With a single conjugated verb, the pronoun always comes *before* the verb. Placing it after a conjugated verb is a common error for English speakers.

Real Conversations

A

A

¿Tienes la llave? (Do you have the key?)
B

B

Sí, la tengo aquí. (Yes, I have it here.)
A

A

¿Me puedes explicar esto? (Can you explain this to me?)
B

B

Claro, te lo explico ahora mismo. (Of course, I'll explain it to you right now.)
A

A

¿Le diste los documentos a Juan? (Did you give the documents to Juan?)
B

B

Sí, se los di esta mañana. (Yes, I gave them to him this morning.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What is the rule for Moving Reflexive Pronouns (Infinitive & Gerund) in Spanish?

Reflexive pronouns follow the same placement rules as other pronouns: they can precede the conjugated verb or attach to infinitives, gerunds, and affirmative commands. For example, *Quiero ducharme* (I want to shower) or *Me quiero duchar*.

Q

Why does le change to se in combinations like se lo?

This change from le or les to se is a euphonic rule in Spanish grammar. It's done to avoid the awkward-sounding le lo, le la, les los, or les las and make the pronunciation smoother and more natural.

Q

Can I always choose to place pronouns before or after an infinitive or gerund?

Yes, generally, with infinitives and gerunds, you have the flexibility to place the pronoun(s) either before the conjugated verb (e.g., *Te lo estoy explicando*) or attached to the infinitive/gerund (e.g., *Estoy explicándotelo*). Both options are grammatically correct and widely used.

Cultural Context

In everyday Spanish conversations, pronoun placement is fluid and often quite fast. Native speakers effortlessly combine and place pronouns, making sentences concise and efficient. The se lo/la/los/las construction is incredibly common and crucial for understanding quick exchanges.
While the rules are consistent across most Spanish-speaking regions, the speed and rhythm of delivery can vary. Mastering these patterns allows you to follow rapid-fire dialogue and sound more natural, rather than sounding like you're translating word-for-word from English. It's about efficiency in communication!

重要な例文 (8)

1

Te llamo más tarde.

後で電話するね。

代名詞の置かれる場所：活用動詞の前
2

Lo compré en Amazon.

アマゾンでそれを買いました。

代名詞の置かれる場所：活用動詞の前
3

Te lo juro, mamá, yo no fui.

ママ、誓うよ、私じゃない。

代名詞はどこに置く？ (Pronoun Placement)
4

Estoy buscándola en Instagram ahora.

今、彼女をインスタグラムで探しているよ。

代名詞はどこに置く？ (Pronoun Placement)
5

`Me lo` dijo ayer por WhatsApp.

彼は昨日、WhatsAppで私にそれを言った。

スペイン語の代名詞の位置：前か後ろか？
6

¿Puedes `enviármelo` por Uber Eats?

Uber Eatsでそれを私に送ってくれる？

スペイン語の代名詞の位置：前か後ろか？
7

`Te` quiero llamar más tarde.

後で電話したいな。

スペイン語の代名詞の位置：動詞の前？後ろ？ (Posición de pronombres)
8

Quiero llamar`te` más tarde.

後で電話したいな。

スペイン語の代名詞の位置：動詞の前？後ろ？ (Posición de pronombres)

ヒントとコツ (4)

⚠️

代名詞と動詞を離さないで！

代名詞と動詞は、まるで磁石みたいにくっついて離れません。間に他の言葉（例えば「yo」や「siempre」）を挟まないでね。いつも「Te amo.」のように、ぴったりと一緒です！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 代名詞の置かれる場所：活用動詞の前
🎯

R-I-Dルール

代名詞が複数ある時は、この順番を絶対に守ってね。反射代名詞 (Reflexive)、間接目的語 (Indirect)、直接目的語 (Direct) の順だよ！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 代名詞はどこに置く？ (Pronoun Placement)
🎯

「動詞が二つ」の選択

「それ、食べたいな」って言いたい時。動詞が二つ続く場合は、代名詞は一番前か一番後ろ、どちらかにまとめてね。「Lo quiero comer.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の代名詞の位置：前か後ろか？
⚠️

動詞の間に代名詞を挟むのはNG！

例えば「quiero lo comprar」みたいに、代名詞を２つの動詞の間に挟んじゃダメだよ。カップルを邪魔するみたいに、絶対に離さないでね！「Quiero comprarlo.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の代名詞の位置：動詞の前？後ろ？ (Posición de pronombres)

重要な語彙 (5)

entregar to hand over/deliver explicar to explain decir to tell/say traer to bring regalar to give as a gift

Real-World Preview

coffee

At the Café

Review Summary

  • Pronoun + Verb
  • Se + lo/la/los/las

よくある間違い

You cannot have 'le' and 'lo' together. It must change to 'se'.

Wrong: Le lo digo
正解: Se lo digo

Both are actually correct, but attaching to the infinitive is often more natural!

Wrong: Lo quiero ver
正解: Quiero verlo

When you attach a pronoun to a gerund, you must add an accent mark.

Wrong: Dandolo
正解: Dándolo

このチャプターのルール (8)

1

代名詞の置かれる場所：活用動詞の前

A2
スペイン語では、目的語や再帰代名詞は、動詞の直前に置くのが自然な話し方ですよ。まるで「Te」や「Lo」が動詞に吸い寄せられるみたいにね！
Te llamo más tarde.
12 例文
2

代名詞はどこに置く？ (Pronoun Placement)

A2
代名詞は、動詞の「前」に置くか、不定詞や動名詞、肯定命令形には「後ろ」につけることができるよ。順番は「R-I-D」を覚えてね。
Te lo juro, mamá, yo no fui.
10 例文
3

スペイン語の代名詞の位置：前か後ろか？

A2
代名詞は「活用した動詞の前」につくのが基本だけど、「不定詞」、「現在分詞」、そして「肯定命令形」の後ろにくっつけることもできるんだ。
`Me lo` dijo ayer por WhatsApp.
6 例文
4

スペイン語の代名詞の位置：動詞の前？後ろ？ (Posición de pronombres)

A2
「代名詞」は、活用した動詞の前か、不定詞、現在分詞、肯定命令形の最後にくっつけられるよ。
`Te` quiero llamar más tarde.
7 例文
5

スペイン語の代名詞結合：私に、君に、それを (-lo, -me, -te)

A2
代名詞を動詞の「不定形」や「現在分詞」にくっつけると、もっと自然なスペイン語になります。でも、「アクセント記号」が必要か、いつも確認してくださいね！
Tengo que `{el|m}` libro, voy a `leerlo` ahora.
12 例文
6

再帰代名詞の位置移動（不定詞と現在分詞）

A2
代名詞を動詞の「前」に置くか、「後ろ」にくっつけるか、この二つの方法を使いこなそう！
Me quiero despertar temprano mañana.
10 例文
7

現在分詞（-ando/-iendo）と代名詞の位置関係

A2
スペイン語の代名詞は、「助動詞の前に置く」か、「ジェルンディオに付ける」かのどちらかです。ジェルンディオに付ける場合は、必ず「アクセント記号」が必要です。
La estoy llamando ahora mismo.
10 例文
8

スペイン語の二重目的語代名詞 (Se lo/la/los/las)

A2
「le」や「les」が「lo/la/los/las」と一緒になるとき、スペイン語がもっとスムーズに、音楽みたいに聞こえるように「se」に変わるんだ！
Se lo di ayer.
10 例文

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep practicing these structures and they will soon become second nature.

Listen to a Spanish podcast and identify 5 pronouns.

Continue to: Planning for the Future

クイック練習 (10)

文法的に正しい文はどれですか？

「I am getting dressed」（私は服を着ています）の正しい言い方を選んでください。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.
スペイン語では、再帰代名詞「me」を助動詞「estoy」の前に置くか、ジェルンディオ「vistiéndome」に付けるか、どちらも可能です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 現在分詞（-ando/-iendo）と代名詞の位置関係

文法的に正しい文を選んでください。

「私はそれを（本を）彼女にあげます」はどう言いますか？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se lo doy.
スペイン語では「le lo」は使いません。「lo」の前に来る「le」は「se」に変える必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の二重目的語代名詞 (Se lo/la/los/las)

代名詞を伴う現在分詞が正しく使われている文を選びましょう。

Select the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Estoy haciéndolo.
現在分詞に代名詞を付加する場合、元の音節にアクセントを残すためにアクセント記号が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の代名詞結合：私に、君に、それを (-lo, -me, -te)

次の文のアクセントの間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Quiero dartelo mañana.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Quiero dártelo mañana.
不定詞に2つの代名詞（me, te, loなど）を付加する場合、元のアクセントを維持するためにアクセント記号を付ける必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の代名詞結合：私に、君に、それを (-lo, -me, -te)

間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Le lo doy a mi hermano.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se lo doy a mi hermano.
「le」と「lo」が一緒になる場合、「le」は「se」に変わって、二重の「L」の音を避けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の代名詞の位置：動詞の前？後ろ？ (Posición de pronombres)

この文の間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

No lo yo tengo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: No lo tengo.
主語（yo）を代名詞と動詞の間に置くべきではありません。「no」が最初にくる必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 代名詞の置かれる場所：活用動詞の前

正しい代名詞の配置で空欄を埋めてください。

Yo (it/masculine) ___ como.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lo
スペイン語では、目的語代名詞「lo」（それ）は活用された動詞「como」の前に置きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 代名詞の置かれる場所：活用動詞の前

「I give it to her.」の文の間違いを見つけて修正してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Le lo doy hoy.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Se lo doy hoy.
スペイン語では、「le lo」は二重の「L」の音を避けるために「se lo」に変わります（カコフォニーのルール）。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 代名詞はどこに置く？ (Pronoun Placement)

正しい代名詞の位置で空欄を埋めましょう。

No puedo ___ (see you) ahora.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: verte
不定詞「ver」の場合、代名詞「te」は語尾にくっつけることができます：「verte」。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: スペイン語の代名詞の位置：前か後ろか？

文法的に正しい文はどれですか？

How do you say 'I see you'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Te veo.
「te」（あなたを）のような目的語代名詞は、活用された動詞「veo」の前に来なければなりません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 代名詞の置かれる場所：活用動詞の前

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

スペイン語では、目的語代名詞は動詞に寄り添う「クリティック」という種類なんです。活用された動詞の場合、必ずその前に来ます。「Yo lo veo」が唯一正しい言い方ですよ。
はい、その通りです！「Me」は間接目的語代名詞なので、「gusta」の前に来ます。これは「私にとって、それが好ましい」という意味なんですよ。
いいえ、絶対にできません！「quiero ver」（見たい）のような動詞句では、代名詞は「quiero」の前に置くか（「Lo quiero ver」）、または「ver」に付けるかのどちらかです（「Quiero verlo」）。
「le lo」と続けて言うと、スペイン語では発音しにくいんです。これは、発音のしやすさのためだけのルールなんですよ。「Se lo doy」
はい、どちらも完全に正しい表現です！「Lo quiero comprar」は動詞の塊の前に代名詞を置く形、「Quiero comprarlo」は不定詞の最後につける形です。例えば、「それを買いたい」は「Lo quiero comprar」も「Quiero comprarlo」もOKです。
スペイン語には厳格なルールがあります。代名詞は否定命令形の前、肯定命令形の後ろに置かなければなりません。これは選択肢がない数少ないケースの一つです。「私に言うな」は「No me digas」、「私に言え」は「Dime」となります。
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