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B1 verb #5,000 よく出る 11分で読める

Neiden

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解説 Neiden in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to grasp basic German vocabulary and grammar. They can understand and use very familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type. They can introduce themselves and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where they live, people they know, and things they have. They can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help. The concept of 'neiden' is generally too complex for this level, as it involves understanding nuanced emotions and comparative desires.
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A2 learners can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). They can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. They can describe in simple terms aspects of their background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need. While they might encounter the word 'neiden' in simple contexts, understanding and using it actively would be challenging. They might grasp the basic idea of wanting something someone else has, but the grammatical structures and emotional depth would be difficult to master.
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At the B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. They can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. This is the level where 'neiden' becomes accessible. Learners can understand its meaning and use it in basic sentences, particularly in everyday contexts. They can recognize the core emotion of desiring what another has.
B2 learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. They can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. At this level, learners can use 'neiden' with more confidence and nuance, understanding its various connotations and using it in more complex sentence structures and contexts. They can also differentiate it from similar words like 'eifersüchtig'.
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C1 learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. They can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organizational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices. 'Neiden' is fully mastered at this level. Learners can use it in sophisticated ways, understanding its subtle implications, its use in irony, and its cultural resonance. They can also employ more literary synonyms like 'beneiden' appropriately.
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C2 learners have an "almost native" level of proficiency. They can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations. At this level, 'neiden' is used with complete mastery, including idiomatic expressions and highly nuanced applications. Learners can analyze its usage in literature and culture with expert understanding.
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練習する 例文 メモとヒント

Neiden 30秒で

  • Neiden means to envy.
  • It's about wanting what someone else has.
  • Used in everyday conversations.
  • Grammar: Jemanden etwas neiden.

The German verb 'neiden' translates directly to 'to envy' in English. It describes the feeling of wanting something that someone else possesses, whether it's a material object, a skill, a relationship, or even a particular situation. It's a common human emotion, and 'neiden' is the word used to express it in German. You'll hear this verb used in everyday conversations, in literature, and in media whenever someone expresses a desire for what another person has.

Contextual Usage
'Neiden' is often used when someone feels a sense of longing or dissatisfaction with their own circumstances in comparison to others. It can carry a negative connotation, implying a somewhat selfish or covetous desire, but it can also be used more neutrally to describe a simple wish for something someone else has. For instance, if a friend has a beautiful new car, you might say, 'Ich neige dein Auto' (I envy your car), not necessarily out of malice, but simply because you like it and wish you had something similar.
Emotional Nuance
The intensity of the envy can vary. Sometimes it's a mild wish, and other times it can be a deeper, more persistent feeling. The context of the sentence and the tone of voice will often indicate the strength of the envy being expressed. It's important to understand this nuance to use and interpret the word correctly. For example, 'Ich neige dich nicht' (I don't envy you) can be a strong statement of contentment or a dismissive remark, depending on the situation.
Related Feelings
While 'neiden' is about desiring what someone else has, it's related to feelings like jealousy (Eifersucht), though jealousy typically involves a fear of losing something you have to a rival. 'Neiden' is more about wanting something you *don't* have, which someone else *does* have. It can also be linked to admiration, but with an added element of personal desire.

Du sollst die Erfolge deiner Freunde nicht neiden.

Translation: You should not envy the successes of your friends.
Etymological Roots
The word 'neiden' has ancient Germanic roots, related to words in other Germanic languages that also convey the sense of 'envy' or 'covetousness'. Understanding its origins can sometimes help in grasping the core meaning.
Common Scenarios
You might hear 'neiden' in discussions about social media, where people often present idealized versions of their lives. For example, someone might comment, 'Ich neige ihren Urlaub' (I envy their vacation) after seeing photos online. It's also common in family settings, where siblings might envy each other's achievements or possessions.

The verb 'neiden' is typically used with a direct object, referring to the person or thing being envied. The structure is usually 'jemandem etwas neiden', meaning 'to envy someone something'. However, it can also be used with just a direct object if the person being envied is implied or irrelevant. The conjugation follows standard German verb patterns. For example, the present tense of 'neiden' is: ich neige, du neigst, er/sie/es neigt, wir neiden, ihr neigt, sie/Sie neiden. In the past tense (Präteritum), it's ich neidete, du neidtest, etc. The perfect tense uses 'haben' as the auxiliary verb: ich habe geneidet.

Basic Sentence Structure
The most common construction is 'Ich neige dir deinen Erfolg.' (I envy you your success.) Here, 'dir' is the dative object (the person being envied) and 'deinen Erfolg' is the accusative object (what is being envied). You can also say, 'Ich neige seinen neuen Wagen.' (I envy his new car.) In this case, the person is implied, and 'seinen neuen Wagen' is the accusative object.
Using with Modal Verbs
When used with modal verbs like 'können', 'wollen', or 'sollen', the infinitive form 'neiden' goes to the end of the sentence. For example: 'Ich kann deinen neuen Computer nicht neiden.' (I cannot help but envy your new computer.) 'Er will ihr Glück nicht neiden.' (He doesn't want to envy her happiness.)
Expressing a Lack of Envy
To state that you do not envy someone, you simply use the negation 'nicht'. 'Ich neige dich nicht.' (I don't envy you.) This can be a very direct statement. Alternatively, you might say, 'Ich habe keinen Neid auf dich.' (I have no envy for you.)
Past Tense Usage
In the past tense, you use the auxiliary verb 'haben' and the past participle 'geneidet'. For example: 'Gestern habe ich deinen neuen Job beneidet.' (Yesterday I envied your new job.) The Präteritum form 'neidete' is less common in spoken German but is found in written texts: 'Er neidete ihr die Freiheit.' (He envied her the freedom.)

Ich neide dir dein ruhiges Leben.

Translation: I envy you your quiet life.
Impersonal Constructions
Sometimes 'neiden' can be used impersonally, often with 'man'. For example: 'Man kann ihr Talent nicht neiden.' (One cannot envy her talent.) This is a more general statement about the desirability of someone's talent.
Subjunctive Mood
In hypothetical situations, the subjunctive mood might be used. For instance, 'Wenn ich so viel Geld hätte, würde ich dir nichts neiden.' (If I had so much money, I would envy you nothing.)

You'll encounter 'neiden' in a wide range of everyday German conversations. Imagine a group of friends discussing their lives. One might say, 'Ich neige wirklich deinen neuen Job. Er klingt so spannend!' (I really envy your new job. It sounds so exciting!). This is a common scenario where the word pops up naturally. In family settings, siblings might express envy over each other's possessions or achievements. For example, 'Meine Schwester hat das neueste Handy, ich neige sie so!' (My sister has the newest phone, I envy her so much!).

Media and Entertainment
In German films, TV shows, and books, 'neiden' is used to portray characters' emotions and motivations. A character might feel envious of another's romantic relationship, their apparent success, or their freedom. For instance, a character might lament, 'Er hat alles, und ich neige ihn dafür.' (He has everything, and I envy him for it.)
Social Media Commentary
With the rise of social media, the sentiment of envy is frequently expressed. German users might comment on posts saying, 'Ich neige deinen Urlaub!' (I envy your vacation!) or 'Wow, dein neues Auto! Ich neige dich!' (Wow, your new car! I envy you!). This highlights how the word is relevant in modern communication.
Workplace Discussions
In professional contexts, though perhaps with more subtlety, envy can still be expressed. Colleagues might indirectly comment on another's promotion or a desirable project. For example, someone might say, 'Sie hat wirklich Glück mit dieser neuen Aufgabe, das muss man sagen.' (She's really lucky with this new task, one has to say.) While not directly using 'neiden', the sentiment is present. A more direct use might be, 'Ich neige ihre Fähigkeit, so ruhig zu bleiben.' (I envy her ability to stay so calm.)
Everyday Observations
You'll hear it in casual chats about anything desirable. If someone gets a promotion, buys a new house, or even just has a particularly good day, others might express envy. 'Ich neige dich, dass du heute frei hast!' (I envy you that you have the day off today!) is a common sentiment.

Sie neidet ihm seinen Erfolg.

Translation: She envies him his success.

One common mistake for English speakers learning German is confusing 'neiden' with 'Eifersucht' (jealousy). While related, they are not interchangeable. 'Neiden' is about desiring what someone else has, whereas 'Eifersucht' is about fearing the loss of something (or someone) you have to a rival. For example, you might 'neiden' your friend's new car, but you would feel 'eifersüchtig' if your partner paid too much attention to someone else.

Grammatical Errors
Another frequent error involves the case endings. Remember that the person being envied takes the dative case, and the thing being envied takes the accusative case. Incorrectly using the nominative or accusative for the person being envied is a common slip-up. For instance, saying 'Ich neige du dein Auto' instead of 'Ich neige dir dein Auto' is grammatically incorrect.
Verb Conjugation
Irregular conjugations can also be a challenge. While 'neiden' is not heavily irregular, learners might forget the 'du neigst' or 'er/sie/es neigt' forms in the present tense, or struggle with the past participle 'geneidet' when forming the perfect tense. Confusing it with regular verbs is a possibility.
Using 'haben' vs. 'sein'
Like many German verbs, 'neiden' forms its perfect tense with 'haben'. Learners might mistakenly use 'sein' as the auxiliary verb, which is reserved for verbs of motion or change of state. Saying 'Ich bin geneidet' instead of 'Ich habe geneidet' would be incorrect.
Misinterpreting Context
Sometimes, the word 'neidisch' (envious - adjective) is used when the verb 'neiden' would be more appropriate, or vice versa. For example, saying 'Ich bin neidisch auf dein Auto' (I am envious of your car) is correct, but confusing it with the verb structure can lead to errors like 'Ich bin auf dein Auto neiden'.

Falsch: Ich neige du dein Haus. Richtig: Ich neide dir dein Haus.

Incorrect: I envy you your house. Correct: I envy you your house.

While 'neiden' is the primary verb for envy, several other words and phrases can convey similar sentiments or nuances. 'Eifersüchtig sein' (to be jealous) is often confused with 'neiden', but it specifically relates to fear of losing something or someone to a rival. 'Ich bin eifersüchtig auf dich, weil du so viel Aufmerksamkeit bekommst' (I am jealous of you because you get so much attention) implies a fear of losing something. 'Neiden' focuses on desiring what someone else possesses.

'Wünschen' (to wish)
A milder alternative to 'neiden' is 'wünschen'. 'Ich wünsche mir dein Auto' (I wish for your car) expresses a desire without the potentially negative undertone of envy. It's a simpler longing. 'Neiden' implies a comparison and a desire for what another *has*, while 'wünschen' is a more general desire for something.
'Beneiden' (to envy - more formal/literary)
'Beneiden' is a synonym for 'neiden' but is often considered more formal or literary. It carries the same meaning of envy but might be found more in written texts or more formal speeches. In everyday spoken German, 'neiden' is more common.
'Missgönnen' (to begrudge)
This word has a strongly negative connotation. 'Missgönnen' means to not wish someone well with their good fortune or possessions. If you 'missgönnen' someone something, you don't want them to have it and feel resentful about their possession of it. It's a more active form of ill will than simple envy. 'Ich gönne dir deinen Erfolg nicht' (I begrudge you your success) is a strong statement.
'Gern haben' (to like, to be fond of)
While not directly related to envy, 'gern haben' can be part of a sentence where envy might otherwise be present. If you 'gern haben' someone, you are less likely to envy them. It implies a positive relationship that can counteract feelings of envy.
Adjectives: 'neidisch', 'missgünstig'
The adjective form 'neidisch' means 'envious'. 'Er ist neidisch auf ihren Erfolg' (He is envious of her success). 'Missgünstig' is the adjective form of 'missgönnen' and means 'malicious' or 'spiteful', carrying a stronger negative charge than 'neidisch'.

Ich neide dir dein Talent, aber ich wünsche mir auch, so gut zu sein.

Translation: I envy you your talent, but I also wish I were as good.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The concept of envy is ancient and is found in many cultures and mythologies. In Norse mythology, the god Loki is often depicted as envious of the other gods. The word 'neid' in German can also refer to a 'spite' or 'malice', highlighting the negative aspects associated with envy.

発音ガイド

UK /ˈnaɪdən/
US /ˈnaɪdən/
The stress is on the first syllable: NEI-den.
韻が合う語
leiden (to suffer) meiden (to avoid) scheiden (to separate, to divorce) schneiden (to cut) beiden (both) kleiden (to dress) weiden (to graze, to pasture) streiden (to argue, to quarrel)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'ei' as in 'eight' (like 'ay'). It should be like 'eye'.
  • Adding too much emphasis on the 'en' ending, making it sound like 'den' instead of a softer 'un'.
  • Confusing the vowel sound with 'i' as in 'it'.

難易度

読解 3/5

At B1 level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input. 'Neiden' appears in contexts that are generally familiar, making it accessible for reading comprehension. Complex sentence structures or highly nuanced expressions might still pose a challenge.

ライティング 3/5

Learners at B1 can produce simple connected text. Using 'neiden' correctly requires understanding its grammatical structure (cases) and appropriate contexts, which might require practice but is achievable.

スピーキング 3/5

Speaking requires spontaneous recall and correct grammatical application. While the concept of envy is understood, using 'neiden' accurately in conversation, especially with correct case endings, can be challenging initially.

リスニング 3/5

Recognizing 'neiden' in spoken German is generally manageable at B1, provided the speaker uses clear pronunciation and standard speed. Nuances and rapid speech might reduce comprehension.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

haben (to have) mögen (to like) wollen (to want) können (can, to be able to) sehen (to see) erfolg (success) leben (life) Geld (money) Haus (house) Auto (car)

次に学ぶ

Eifersucht (jealousy - noun) eifersüchtig (jealous - adjective) gönnen (to grant, to wish well) missgönnen (to begrudge) zufrieden (content) bewundern (to admire) Sehnsucht (longing, yearning) Glück (happiness, luck)

上級

beneiden (formal synonym) Neiddebatte (compound word) Neidkultur (compound word) die sieben Todsünden (the seven deadly sins) psychologische Fachbegriffe (psychological terms related to envy)

知っておくべき文法

Dative and Accusative Cases

When using 'neiden', the person being envied is in the dative case (e.g., 'dir' - you), and the thing being envied is in the accusative case (e.g., 'deinen Erfolg' - your success). Ich neige dir (Dativ) deinen Erfolg (Akkusativ).

Verb Conjugation (Present Tense)

The verb 'neiden' conjugates like this in the present tense: ich neige, du neigst, er/sie/es neigt, wir neiden, ihr neigt, sie/Sie neiden.

Perfect Tense Formation

The perfect tense of 'neiden' is formed with the auxiliary verb 'haben' and the past participle 'geneidet'. For example: Ich habe deinen neuen Wagen geneidet.

Modal Verbs

When 'neiden' is used with a modal verb (like können, wollen, sollen), the infinitive 'neiden' goes to the end of the sentence. Er kann ihren Erfolg nicht neiden.

Genitive Case with 'Erfolg'

When referring to the success of someone else, the genitive case is often used. Sie neigt ihres (Genitiv) Erfolgs. (More formal/literary). More commonly: Sie neigt ihn für seinen Erfolg (using 'für' and accusative).

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レベル別の例文

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1

Ich sehe dein neues Spielzeug.

I see your new toy.

Simple present tense. Focus on basic observation.

2

Dein Fahrrad ist schön.

Your bicycle is beautiful.

Simple adjective use. Basic admiration.

3

Ich möchte auch so ein Haus.

I would also like such a house.

Use of 'möchte' (would like) for a simple wish.

4

Sie hat viele Freunde.

She has many friends.

Basic possession and plural nouns.

5

Ich sehe, du hast Kuchen.

I see you have cake.

Simple observation of possession.

6

Dein Stift ist blau.

Your pen is blue.

Basic color and object identification.

7

Ich mag dein Kleid.

I like your dress.

Simple expression of liking.

8

Er spielt gut Fußball.

He plays soccer well.

Basic description of an ability.

1

Ich neige dein neues Auto sehr.

I envy your new car a lot.

Direct object (dein neues Auto) is envied. 'Sehr' intensifies the feeling.

2

Du sollst die Erfolge deiner Freunde nicht neiden.

You should not envy the successes of your friends.

Use of modal verb 'sollen' (should) and genitive case for 'deiner Freunde'.

3

Ich neige dir dein ruhiges Leben.

I envy you your quiet life.

Dative object (dir) for the person envied, accusative object (dein ruhiges Leben) for what is envied.

4

Sie konnte ihren Kollegen für die Beförderung nicht neiden.

She could not envy her colleague for the promotion.

Past tense using 'konnte' (could) and 'neiden' (infinitive at the end).

5

Er hat eine tolle Wohnung, das muss ich zugeben, ich neige ihn.

He has a great apartment, I must admit, I envy him.

Simple statement of envy following an admission.

6

Manchmal neige ich das Leben meiner Nachbarn.

Sometimes I envy the life of my neighbors.

Impersonal use with 'manchmal' (sometimes).

7

Ich neige dich nicht für deine Reise.

I don't envy you your trip.

Negation 'nicht' and prepositional phrase 'für deine Reise'.

8

Es ist nicht gut, andere zu neiden.

It is not good to envy others.

Infinitive clause 'andere zu neiden'.

1

Obwohl sie sich bemühte, konnte sie ihren Kommilitonen für dessen akademischen Erfolg nicht wirklich neiden.

Although she tried, she couldn't truly envy her fellow student for his academic success.

Complex sentence structure with subordinate clause ('Obwohl') and possessive pronoun ('dessen').

2

Man neigt dazu, das Leben der Reichen und Berühmten zu beneiden, ohne die damit verbundenen Nachteile zu sehen.

One tends to envy the lives of the rich and famous, without seeing the associated disadvantages.

Use of 'man neigt dazu' (one tends to) and the more formal 'beneiden'.

3

Ich neige deine Fähigkeit, immer die richtigen Worte zu finden.

I envy your ability to always find the right words.

Envy directed towards an abstract ability ('Fähigkeit').

4

Er versuchte, seine Enttäuschung zu verbergen, aber es war offensichtlich, dass er seinem Bruder die neue Position neidete.

He tried to hide his disappointment, but it was obvious that he envied his brother the new position.

Past tense with a subordinate clause ('dass') and clear indication of envy.

5

Es ist ein Zeichen von Reife, anderen ihren Erfolg zu gönnen, anstatt sie zu neiden.

It is a sign of maturity to wish others their success, rather than envying them.

Contrast between 'gönnen' (to grant/wish well) and 'neiden'.

6

Die ständige Konfrontation mit idealisierten Darstellungen in den sozialen Medien kann leicht dazu führen, dass man das Leben anderer neidet.

Constant exposure to idealized representations on social media can easily lead one to envy the lives of others.

Complex sentence discussing a modern phenomenon and its psychological effect.

7

Sie hatte nie etwas zu neiden, da sie mit ihrem eigenen Leben vollkommen zufrieden war.

She never had anything to envy, as she was completely content with her own life.

Use of 'nie' (never) and a subordinate clause explaining the reason.

8

Das Gefühl, andere zu neiden, ist ein menschliches, aber oft unproduktives Gefühl.

The feeling of envying others is a human, but often unproductive, feeling.

Abstract noun usage ('Das Gefühl') and a descriptive clause.

1

Trotz ihrer eigenen Erfolge konnte sie sich des Gefühls nicht erwehren, ihren charismatischeren Kollegen zu beneiden, dessen Einfluss stetig wuchs.

Despite her own successes, she could not resist the feeling of envying her more charismatic colleague, whose influence was constantly growing.

Sophisticated vocabulary ('erwehren', 'charismatischeren', 'dessen') and complex sentence structure.

2

Die kollektive Sehnsucht nach einem scheinbar unbeschwerten Dasein, wie es in den Medien oft dargestellt wird, nährt den Neid auf das Leben anderer.

The collective longing for a seemingly carefree existence, as often depicted in the media, fuels envy for the lives of others.

Abstract concepts ('kollektive Sehnsucht', 'unbeschwerten Dasein') and nuanced expression of cause and effect.

3

Es ist eine Kunst, die Errungenschaften anderer anzuerkennen, ohne sie zu neiden, eine Balance, die nur wenige wirklich meistern.

It is an art to acknowledge the achievements of others without envying them, a balance that few truly master.

Figurative language ('eine Kunst') and abstract noun ('Balance').

4

Er schämte sich fast dafür, dass er seinem älteren Bruder, der alles zu haben schien, doch irgendwie neiden musste.

He almost felt ashamed that he somehow had to envy his older brother, who seemed to have everything.

Use of reflexive verb ('sich schämen') and adverb ('doch irgendwie').

5

Die subtile Form des Neides zeigt sich oft nicht in direkten Worten, sondern in einer unterschwelligen Kritik oder einer übertriebenen Hervorhebung eigener Leistungen.

The subtle form of envy often manifests not in direct words, but in underlying criticism or an exaggerated highlighting of one's own achievements.

Analysis of indirect expression of envy ('subtile Form', 'unterschwelligen Kritik', 'übertriebenen Hervorhebung').

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In einer Gesellschaft, die Leistung und Besitz übermäßig betont, ist es fast unvermeidlich, dass man Teile des Lebens anderer beneidet.

In a society that excessively emphasizes performance and possession, it is almost inevitable that one envies parts of others' lives.

Societal critique ('Gesellschaft', 'Leistung und Besitz übermäßig betont') and causal link.

7

Der Autor verstand es meisterhaft, die inneren Konflikte einer Figur darzustellen, die zwischen Bewunderung und dem Neid auf die Freiheit anderer schwankte.

The author masterfully depicted the inner conflicts of a character who wavered between admiration and envy for the freedom of others.

Literary analysis ('Der Autor verstand es meisterhaft', 'inneren Konflikte', 'schwankte').

8

Er tat so, als ob er sich über den Erfolg seines Rivalen freue, doch in Wahrheit konnte er ihn kaum neiden.

He acted as if he were happy about his rival's success, but in truth, he could hardly envy him.

Subjunctive II ('als ob er sich freue') and nuanced emotional state ('kaum neiden').

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Die postmoderne Dekonstruktion des Selbst offenbart die Fragilität der Identität, die oft auf einem komplexen Geflecht aus Bewunderung und dem Neid auf das scheinbar 'Authentischere' des Anderen beruht.

The postmodern deconstruction of the self reveals the fragility of identity, which is often based on a complex web of admiration and envy for the seemingly 'more authentic' of the other.

Highly abstract and philosophical language ('postmoderne Dekonstruktion', 'Fragilität der Identität', 'komplexes Geflecht', 'Authentischere').

2

In der subtilen Diplomatie des Hofes war es von größter Wichtigkeit, die Zeichen des Neides auf die Gunst des Königs zu deuten, ohne selbst als neidisch zu erscheinen.

In the subtle diplomacy of the court, it was of utmost importance to interpret the signs of envy for the king's favor, without appearing envious oneself.

Historical/political context ('subtilen Diplomatie des Hofes', 'Gunst des Königs') and nuanced social maneuvering.

3

Die analytische Psychologie betrachtet den Neid als eine archaische Abwehrreaktion, die darauf abzielt, die eigene Unzulänglichkeit durch die Abwertung des Objekts des Neides zu kompensieren.

Analytical psychology views envy as an archaic defense mechanism aimed at compensating for one's own inadequacy by devaluing the object of envy.

Specialized terminology from psychology ('analytische Psychologie', 'archaische Abwehrreaktion', 'Abwertung des Objekts').

4

Die literarische Tradition ist reich an Beispielen, in denen die Protagonisten mit einem tief sitzenden Neid auf die scheinbar mühelose Genialität ihrer Rivalen ringen.

The literary tradition is rich with examples in which protagonists struggle with a deep-seated envy for the seemingly effortless genius of their rivals.

Literary criticism ('literarische Tradition', 'Protagonisten', 'mühelose Genialität') and sophisticated phrasing.

5

Die Ironie liegt darin, dass jene, die am lautesten die materiellen Segnungen anderer preisen, oft die sind, die innerlich am meisten neiden.

The irony lies in the fact that those who most loudly praise the material blessings of others are often the ones who are most envious internally.

Exploration of irony and psychological contradiction.

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Die ethische Dimension des Neides erfordert eine ständige Selbstreflexion, um zu verhindern, dass ein flüchtiger Wunsch nach dem Besitz des Anderen in destruktive Impulse umschlägt.

The ethical dimension of envy requires constant self-reflection to prevent a fleeting desire for another's possessions from turning into destructive impulses.

Philosophical and ethical discourse ('ethische Dimension', 'Selbstreflexion', 'destruktive Impulse').

7

Man könnte argumentieren, dass die moderne Konsumgesellschaft per se eine Kultur des Neides fördert, indem sie stetig neue Bedürfnisse und Begierden kreiert.

One could argue that modern consumer society inherently fosters a culture of envy by constantly creating new needs and desires.

Socio-economic critique ('moderne Konsumgesellschaft', 'Kultur des Neides', 'Bedürfnisse und Begierden').

8

Die Kunst des 'Beneidens' liegt darin, die Bewunderung für das Erreichte des Anderen in eine Quelle der eigenen Motivation zu verwandeln, anstatt in passive Resignation zu verfallen.

The art of 'envying' lies in transforming admiration for another's achievement into a source of one's own motivation, rather than succumbing to passive resignation.

Reframing envy as a potential motivator and discussing the nuance of 'beneiden'.

よく使う組み合わせ

jemandem etwas neiden
jemanden neiden
etwas nicht neiden können
immer neiden
jemanden um etwas neiden
stark neiden
jemanden für etwas neiden
leicht neiden
den Neid nicht neiden
etwas neidisch betrachten

よく使うフレーズ

Ich neige dich.

— I envy you.

Ich neige dich für deine Reise. (I envy you for your trip.)

Ich neige dein Auto.

— I envy your car.

Dein neues Auto ist fantastisch, ich neige es! (Your new car is fantastic, I envy it!)

Ich kann ihn nicht neiden.

— I cannot envy him.

Obwohl er so viel Geld hat, kann ich ihn nicht neiden. (Although he has so much money, I cannot envy him.)

Sie neidet ihm seinen Erfolg.

— She envies him his success.

Es ist offensichtlich, dass sie ihm seinen Erfolg neidet. (It is obvious that she envies him his success.)

Man sollte andere nicht neiden.

— One should not envy others.

Ein weiser Rat: Man sollte andere nicht neiden. (Wise advice: One should not envy others.)

Ich neige dir dein Glück.

— I envy you your happiness.

Du scheinst so glücklich zu sein, ich neige dir dein Glück. (You seem so happy, I envy you your happiness.)

Er neidet ihr die Freiheit.

— He envies her the freedom.

Er neidet ihr die Freiheit, die sie genießt. (He envies her the freedom that she enjoys.)

Ich neige deine Fähigkeit.

— I envy your ability.

Ich neige deine Fähigkeit, so gut Klavier zu spielen. (I envy your ability to play the piano so well.)

Gibt es etwas, das du neigst?

— Is there anything you envy?

Eine Frage zur Selbstreflexion: Gibt es etwas, das du neigst?

Sie haben nichts zu neiden.

— They have nothing to envy.

Mit all ihren Problemen haben sie nichts zu neiden. (With all their problems, they have nothing to envy.)

よく混同される語

Neiden vs Eifersucht (jealousy)

While both involve negative feelings about others, 'neiden' is about desiring what someone else has, whereas 'Eifersucht' is about fearing the loss of something (or someone) you have to a rival. You envy someone's new car ('neiden'), but you are jealous if your partner talks to someone else ('eifersüchtig').

Neiden vs Wünschen (to wish)

'Wünschen' is a more general desire. You can wish for anything. 'Neiden' specifically implies desiring something that someone else already possesses. 'Ich wünsche mir einen Hund' (I wish for a dog) vs. 'Ich neige deinen Hund' (I envy your dog).

Neiden vs Beneiden (to envy - formal)

'Beneiden' is a synonym of 'neiden' but is used in more formal or literary contexts. In everyday conversation, 'neiden' is much more common.

慣用句と表現

"jemandem die Augen ausneiden"

— To envy someone intensely, to the point of wanting to take what they have. This is a strong, almost aggressive form of envy.

Sie sah ihn so an, als ob sie ihm die Augen ausneiden wollte. (She looked at him as if she wanted to envy him intensely.)

Informal, strong
"vor Neid platzen"

— To burst with envy. This idiom describes an overwhelming feeling of envy that is difficult to contain.

Als er die Nachricht hörte, platzte er fast vor Neid. (When he heard the news, he almost burst with envy.)

Informal, emphatic
"neidisch werden"

— To become envious. This describes the transition into the state of envy.

Als sie sein neues Auto sah, wurde sie sofort neidisch. (When she saw his new car, she immediately became envious.)

Neutral
"sich in den Arsch beißen (vor Neid)"

— Literally 'to bite oneself in the ass', this idiom means to be extremely regretful or envious. The addition 'vor Neid' specifies the reason for the regret/envy.

Er biss sich vor Neid in den Arsch, als er ihre Reisefotos sah. (He bit himself in the ass with envy when he saw her travel photos.)

Vulgar, informal
"grüner werden (vor Neid)"

— To turn green (with envy). This idiom describes the visible signs of intense envy, as if one's complexion changes color.

Sein Erfolg ließ sie vor Neid fast grün werden. (His success almost made her turn green with envy.)

Informal
"jemandem etwas neiden wie der Teufel die Weih' (archaic)"

— To envy someone something as much as the devil envies holy water. This is an old, exaggerated idiom for extreme envy.

Er neidet ihm seine Position wie der Teufel die Weih'. (He envies him his position as much as the devil envies holy water.)

Archaic, strong
"das Herz wird schwer"

— The heart becomes heavy. While not exclusively about envy, a heavy heart can be a symptom of envy or sadness about what others have.

Wenn ich ihre glückliche Familie sehe, wird mir das Herz schwer. (When I see her happy family, my heart becomes heavy.)

Poetic, emotional
"es juckt einen (vor Neid)"

— It itches one (with envy). This implies a strong, almost physical urge to have what someone else possesses.

Die Art, wie sie lachte, ließ es ihn vor Neid jucken. (The way she laughed made him itch with envy.)

Informal, descriptive
"der Neid frisst einen auf"

— Envy eats one up. This idiom describes how envy can be a consuming and destructive emotion.

Wenn du nicht aufpasst, frisst dich der Neid auf. (If you're not careful, envy will eat you up.)

Figurative, strong
"mit einem lachenden und einem weinenden Auge"

— With a laughing and a crying eye. This describes a mixed emotion, which can include envy alongside happiness or admiration.

Ich sah mit einem lachenden und einem weinenden Auge zu, wie sie ihren Traum verwirklichte. (I watched with a laughing and a crying eye as she realized her dream.)

Common, nuanced

間違えやすい

Neiden vs neiden

The core meaning is envy.

Focuses on desiring what someone else has. Grammatical structure: 'jemandem etwas neiden' or 'jemanden neiden'.

Ich neige deine Reise.

Neiden vs eifersüchtig sein

Both involve negative emotions related to others.

Specifically means 'to be jealous'. It's about fear of losing something (or someone) to a rival. 'Ich bin eifersüchtig auf dich, weil dein Freund dich so mag.' (I am jealous of you because your boyfriend likes you so much.)

Er ist eifersüchtig auf ihren Erfolg.

Neiden vs wünschen

Both express desire.

Means 'to wish'. It's a general desire for something, not necessarily something someone else has. 'Ich wünsche mir ein neues Fahrrad.' (I wish for a new bicycle.) - could be for yourself, not necessarily because someone else has it.

Ich wünsche mir, dass es regnet.

Neiden vs gönnen

Opposite emotional valence, but related to the same situation.

Means 'to grant' or 'to wish someone well'. It's the opposite of envy and begrudging. 'Ich gönne dir deinen Erfolg.' (I genuinely wish you your success.)

Sie konnte ihm seinen Erfolg nicht gönnen.

Neiden vs missgönnen

Expresses negative feelings about someone else's good fortune.

Means 'to begrudge'. It's a strong, negative feeling of not wanting someone to have their good fortune. 'Ich missgönne dir deinen Erfolg.' (I begrudge you your success.) - much stronger and more malicious than 'neiden'.

Er konnte ihr den Erfolg nicht missgönnen.

文型パターン

A2

Ich sehe dein [Nomen].

Ich sehe dein Auto.

B1

Ich neige dir dein [Nomen im Akkusativ].

Ich neige dir dein Haus.

B1

Ich neige [jemanden].

Ich neige ihn.

B1

Ich neige [jemanden] für [etwas im Akkusativ].

Ich neige sie für ihre Geduld.

B2

Ich kann [jemandem] [etwas] nicht neiden.

Ich kann ihm seinen Erfolg nicht neiden.

B2

Es ist schwer, [jemanden] nicht zu neiden.

Es ist schwer, sie nicht zu beneiden.

C1

Obwohl [Nebensatz], neige ich [jemanden] [etwas].

Obwohl er viel hat, neige ich ihn nicht.

C1

Das Gefühl, [jemanden] zu neiden, ist [Adjektiv].

Das Gefühl, ihn zu neiden, ist menschlich.

語族

名詞

der Neid (envy)
der Neider (envious person, male)
die Neiderin (envious person, female)

動詞

neiden (to envy)
beneiden (to envy - formal)

形容詞

neidisch (envious)
missgünstig (spiteful, malicious)

関連

Eifersucht (jealousy - noun)
eifersüchtig (jealous - adjective)
missgönnen (to begrudge - verb)
gönnen (to grant, to wish well - verb)
zufrieden (content - adjective)
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使い方

frequency

Common in everyday spoken and written German.

よくある間違い
  • Confusing 'neiden' with 'eifersüchtig sein'. → Using 'neiden' for desiring what someone else has and 'eifersüchtig sein' for fearing loss to a rival.

    While both are negative emotions, envy is about wanting what you don't have, while jealousy is about protecting what you do have from a rival. Example: 'Ich neige dein Auto' (I envy your car) vs. 'Ich bin eifersüchtig, wenn du mit ihm sprichst' (I am jealous when you talk to him).

  • Incorrect case usage (nominative instead of dative for the person). → Ich neige <strong>dir</strong> (Dativ) dein Haus.

    The person being envied must be in the dative case. Saying 'Ich neige <strong>du</strong> dein Haus' is grammatically incorrect.

  • Using 'sein' instead of 'haben' for the perfect tense. → Ich <strong>habe</strong> geneidet.

    'Neiden' forms its perfect tense with the auxiliary verb 'haben', not 'sein'. 'Ich bin geneidet' is incorrect.

  • Using 'neiden' as an adjective. → Use the adjective 'neidisch'.

    'Neiden' is a verb. If you want to describe someone as envious, use the adjective 'neidisch'. For example, 'Er ist <strong>neidisch</strong> auf ihren Erfolg', not 'Er neidet ihren Erfolg' (unless you mean he envies *her* success, not that *he is* envious).

  • Confusing 'neiden' with 'wünschen' (to wish). → Use 'neiden' when desiring something someone else possesses, and 'wünschen' for a general desire.

    'Neiden' implies comparison and desire for what another has. 'Ich wünsche mir ein neues Auto' (I wish for a new car) is a general desire. 'Ich neige dein neues Auto' (I envy your new car) is specific to the other person's possession.

ヒント

Master the Cases

The correct use of dative and accusative cases is crucial for 'neiden'. Remember: 'jemandem' (dative) 'etwas' (accusative) neiden. Practice with different pronouns and nouns to solidify this.

Distinguish from Jealousy

Understand the difference between 'neiden' (envy) and 'eifersüchtig sein' (to be jealous). Envy is wanting what others have; jealousy is fearing the loss of what you have to a rival.

The 'ei' Sound

The 'ei' in 'neiden' sounds like the 'eye' in English. Practice saying words like 'nein', 'mein', 'klein' to get the sound right.

Visual Association

Imagine someone looking with 'eyes' (ei) at something they desire at 'night' (neiden) – this visual can help you remember the meaning of envy.

Sentence Building

Write your own sentences using 'neiden' in different contexts. Try to include both the person being envied and the thing being envied.

Explore Alternatives

Learn related words like 'beneiden' (formal), 'wünschen' (to wish), and 'gönnen' (to wish well) to understand the spectrum of related emotions and nuances.

Cultural Nuance

Recognize that envy is a complex emotion with cultural interpretations. While common, it's often seen as negative, and its expression can vary.

Self-Testing

Regularly test yourself on the meaning and usage of 'neiden'. Use flashcards or quizzes to reinforce your learning.

Listen Actively

When watching German movies or listening to podcasts, pay attention to how native speakers use 'neiden' and similar words. This will provide natural context.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'neiden' sounding like 'night', and imagine staying up all 'night' long, wishing you had your neighbor's new car parked outside. The 'ei' sound is like 'eye', so you 'eye' their possessions all night.

視覚的連想

Picture someone looking with longing eyes (eye = 'ei') at a shiny object (like a new car or a promotion certificate) that belongs to someone else, perhaps at 'night' when they can't sleep because they want it so badly.

Word Web

Envy Desire Longing Covetousness Jealousy (related) Admiration (related) Dissatisfaction Comparison

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences using 'neiden' about things you might see on social media that could make someone envious. For example, a luxurious vacation, a new gadget, or a happy family event.

語源

The German word 'neiden' originates from Old High German 'neidōn' and Middle High German 'nīden'. It is part of the Germanic language family and has cognates in other Germanic languages, such as English 'envy' (though 'envy' is borrowed from French/Latin, the concept is cognate), Dutch 'neiden', and Swedish 'njuta' (though 'njuta' has shifted meaning to 'enjoy'). The Proto-Germanic root is believed to be *naiðōną, related to *naiðaz, meaning 'envy, malice'.

元の意味： The core meaning has remained consistent: to desire what another person possesses, often accompanied by a negative emotional response.

Germanic

文化的な背景

While envy is a universal emotion, expressing it directly can be socially awkward or offensive. In German culture, as in many others, it's often considered more polite to express admiration or a wish for something similar rather than overt envy, especially in formal settings or when speaking to the person being envied.

In English-speaking cultures, envy is also a recognized emotion, often discussed in psychology and philosophy. Similar to German culture, it's generally seen as undesirable, but sometimes acknowledged as a motivator. Phrases like 'green with envy' are common.

The Seven Deadly Sins: Envy is one of the traditional seven deadly sins in Christian theology, highlighting its perceived negative impact on the soul. Literary Depictions: Many literary works explore the theme of envy, such as Shakespeare's Othello (though jealousy is more prominent, envy plays a role) or the story of Cain and Abel, where Cain's envy of Abel's favor leads to murder. Psychological Studies: Contemporary psychology extensively studies envy, its causes, effects, and management, often differentiating between benign envy (motivating self-improvement) and malicious envy (leading to resentment and harm).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Everyday conversations about possessions and achievements.

  • Ich neige dein neues Handy.
  • Sie neidet ihm die Beförderung.
  • Ich wünschte, ich hätte so ein Leben wie du.
  • Das muss man ihr gönnen.

Discussions about social media and idealized lifestyles.

  • Ich neige ihren Urlaub.
  • Das Leben sieht so perfekt aus, ich neige sie.
  • Warum muss man immer das Leben anderer sehen?
  • Man wird schnell neidisch, wenn man das sieht.

Comparing oneself to others.

  • Warum habe ich das nicht? Ich neige ihn.
  • Er hat alles, ich neige ihn.
  • Ich bin nicht zufrieden mit dem, was ich habe, weil ich andere neige.
  • Es ist nicht gut, andere zu neiden.

Expressing admiration with a hint of desire.

  • Ich neige deine Fähigkeit zu malen.
  • Das ist beeindruckend, ich neige es.
  • Ich wünschte, ich könnte das auch.
  • Du bist so gut darin, ich neige dich.

Literary or philosophical discussions about human emotions.

  • Der Autor beschreibt das Neiden als menschliche Schwäche.
  • Ist Neid immer negativ?
  • Das Gefühl, andere zu beneiden, ist tief in uns verwurzelt.
  • Die Kunst, nicht zu neiden.

会話のきっかけ

"Was ist etwas, das du wirklich an jemand anderem beneidest?"

"Glaubst du, Neid ist immer schlecht, oder kann er manchmal motivieren?"

"Hast du jemals etwas von jemandem beneidet, und wie bist du damit umgegangen?"

"Wie würdest du das Gefühl beschreiben, wenn du jemanden beneidest?"

"Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Bewunderung und Neid?"

日記のテーマ

Schreibe über eine Situation, in der du jemanden beneidet hast. Was genau hast du beneidet und warum?

Reflektiere darüber, wie Neid dein eigenes Leben beeinflusst hat. War er motivierend oder eher schädlich?

Beschreibe eine Person, die du bewunderst. Gibt es Aspekte an ihr, die du insgeheim beneidest?

Stelle dir vor, du könntest alles haben, was jemand anderes besitzt. Was würdest du wählen und warum?

Schreibe einen kurzen Dialog zwischen zwei Personen, von denen eine die andere beneidet.

よくある質問

10 問

The literal translation of 'neiden' is 'to envy'. It describes the feeling of wanting something that someone else possesses.

'Neiden' means to envy, which is desiring what someone else has. 'Eifersüchtig sein' means to be jealous, which is typically about fearing the loss of something (or someone) you have to a rival. For example, you might envy someone's new car ('neiden'), but be jealous if your partner pays too much attention to someone else ('eifersüchtig sein').

In the present tense, it is: ich neige, du neigst, er/sie/es neigt, wir neiden, ihr neigt, sie/Sie neiden. The past participle is 'geneidet', and the perfect tense is formed with 'haben', e.g., 'Ich habe geneidet'.

Yes, 'neiden' often carries a negative connotation as envy is generally seen as an undesirable emotion. However, it can also be used in a more neutral sense to simply express a strong desire for something someone else has.

The most common structure is 'jemandem etwas neiden' (to envy someone something). The person being envied is in the dative case, and the thing being envied is in the accusative case. For example: 'Ich neige dir deinen Erfolg.' (I envy you your success.) You can also say 'jemanden neiden' (to envy someone), e.g., 'Ich neige ihn.'

'Beneiden' is a synonym for 'neiden', meaning 'to envy'. However, 'beneiden' is generally considered more formal or literary and is less common in everyday spoken German than 'neiden'.

The adjective form is 'neidisch', which means 'envious'. For example: 'Er ist neidisch auf seinen Nachbarn.' (He is envious of his neighbor.)

While envy itself is often negative, sometimes a mild form of 'neiden' can be seen as a motivator for self-improvement. However, the word itself primarily describes the desire for what another has, which is usually viewed negatively.

Common phrases include 'Ich neige dich' (I envy you), 'Ich neige dein Auto' (I envy your car), and 'Man sollte andere nicht neiden' (One should not envy others).

You can say 'Ich neige dich nicht.' or 'Ich neige dir das nicht.' (I don't envy you that.)

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