stock 30秒で
- Stock means inventory or goods available for sale in a business context.
- It is a masculine noun (el stock) and a very common anglicism in Spanish.
- Common phrases include 'en stock' (available) and 'sin stock' (sold out).
- Do not confuse it with financial shares, which are called 'acciones' in Spanish.
The word stock in Spanish is a direct loanword from English, primarily used in commercial, industrial, and retail contexts to refer to the quantity of goods or merchandise available for sale or use. While the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) suggests using traditional terms like existencias or inventario, the term stock has become ubiquitous in business Spanish, particularly in logistics, e-commerce, and corporate environments. It represents the physical assets a company holds to meet future demand. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone navigating the Spanish-speaking business world or even just shopping online in Spain or Latin America.
- Primary Meaning
- The total amount of a specific product currently held in a warehouse or store.
- Business Context
- Refers to the capital tied up in physical goods awaiting distribution.
- Retail Context
- Indicates whether an item is available for immediate purchase or 'out of stock'.
"Lo siento, señor, no nos queda stock de ese modelo de televisor; tendremos más la próxima semana."
In a broader sense, stock can also refer to a 'stockpile' or a 'reserve'. However, unlike the English word, which can also mean 'broth' (caldo) or 'shares' (acciones), the Spanish loanword is strictly limited to inventory. You will never hear a Spaniard ask for 'stock de pollo' unless they are referring to boxes of chicken in a freezer. This semantic narrowing is a common feature of anglicisms in the Spanish language. The word is treated as a masculine noun: el stock.
"La empresa está realizando un control de stock para optimizar la cadena de suministro."
The evolution of the word in Spanish reflects the globalization of commerce. In the mid-20th century, you would rarely hear it, but with the rise of multinational corporations and the internet, it has displaced 'existencias' in many digital interfaces. When you see 'En stock' on an Amazon.es page, it is the standard way to say 'In stock'. It is also worth noting that the plural can be 'stocks' or remain 'stock' depending on the speaker, though 'stocks' is more common when referring to different types of inventory.
- Logistics Usage
- Used to describe the flow of goods (entradas y salidas de stock).
- E-commerce Usage
- Status indicators like 'stock agotado' (out of stock).
"Debido a la alta demanda, el stock de consolas se agotó en cuestión de minutos."
Finally, the word is often paired with verbs like 'reponer' (to replenish), 'agotar' (to run out of), or 'liquidar' (to clear out). If a store has a 'liquidación de stock', it means they are having a clearance sale to get rid of old inventory. This is a key phrase for bargain hunters in Spain and Latin America.
"Aprovecha nuestra liquidación de stock con descuentos de hasta el 50%."
"El sistema actualiza el stock en tiempo real tras cada venta."
Using stock correctly in Spanish requires understanding its role as a masculine noun and its specific collocations. It is almost exclusively used in the singular when referring to the general concept of inventory, but can be pluralized when discussing multiple types of goods. Unlike English, where 'stock' can be a verb ('to stock the shelves'), in Spanish, we use verbs like abastecer, llenar, or reponer.
- As a Subject: "El stock es insuficiente para cubrir los pedidos." (The stock is insufficient to cover the orders.)
- As an Object: "Tenemos que revisar el stock antes del cierre." (We have to check the stock before closing.)
- With Prepositions: "Productos en stock" (Products in stock) vs. "Fuera de stock" (Out of stock).
One of the most common mistakes for English speakers is trying to use 'stock' to mean financial shares. In Spanish, shares in a company are acciones. If you say "Compré stock de Apple," a Spanish speaker might think you bought a physical inventory of iPhones rather than part of the company. Always use 'acciones' for the stock market.
"Si el stock de seguridad baja de cien unidades, el sistema genera un pedido automático."
In professional settings, you will encounter the term stock de seguridad (safety stock), which refers to the extra inventory held to prevent stockouts. Another common term is rotación de stock (stock turnover), measuring how quickly inventory is sold and replaced. These terms are standard in MBA programs and logistics certifications across the Spanish-speaking world.
When describing availability on a website, the phrase disponibilidad de stock is very common. If a product is not available, you might see sin stock or stock agotado. If it is available, en stock or disponible are the go-to terms. In a physical store, asking "¿Tienen stock de esto?" is the most natural way to check availability.
You will hear stock in a variety of everyday and professional situations. Its usage is particularly high in urban areas and within the corporate sector. Here are the primary environments where the word dominates:
1. Retail and Shopping Malls
In stores like Zara, El Corte Inglés, or local boutiques, staff use the word constantly. If you ask for a different size, the clerk might say, "Voy a mirar en el almacén si nos queda stock." It is the standard term for internal communication between employees regarding product availability.
2. E-commerce and Digital Marketing
Online marketplaces are the biggest drivers of this term. Websites use 'stock' because it is short and fits well in user interfaces. You will see banners saying "¡Últimas unidades en stock!" to create a sense of urgency (FOMO). In digital marketing, 'stock' is also used in the context of 'stock photos' (fotos de stock), referring to licensed imagery.
3. Logistics and Warehousing
In the industrial zones of cities like Madrid, Barcelona, or Mexico City, logistics managers spend their days 'gestionando el stock'. Here, the word is technical. They talk about 'stock mínimo', 'stock máximo', and 'stock muerto' (dead stock - items that don't sell).
4. News and Economy Reports
While news anchors might use 'existencias' to sound more formal, business segments often use 'stock' when discussing supply chain issues. For example, during the microchip shortage, headlines frequently mentioned the "falta de stock de semiconductores" affecting the car industry.
"El stock de viviendas de alquiler ha caído un 20% en el último año."
Even though stock is an English word, its usage in Spanish follows specific rules that can trip up both native and non-native speakers. Here are the most frequent errors:
- Confusing Stock with Shares: As mentioned before, this is the #1 mistake. In English, 'stocks' refers to the stock market. In Spanish, this is la bolsa or acciones. Saying "Invertí en el stock de Google" is incorrect. You should say "Invertí en acciones de Google."
- Gender Errors: Some learners might assume it's feminine because 'existencia' is feminine. However, stock is masculine. It is always el stock, never la stock.
- Using it for Cooking: In English, a 'chicken stock' is a base for soup. In Spanish, this is caldo de pollo. Using 'stock' in a kitchen context will likely result in confusion, as the chef will think you are talking about the inventory of ingredients, not the liquid itself.
- Over-Anglicizing the Plural: While 'stocks' is accepted, some purists prefer treating it as an invariable noun in the plural (los stock), though this is becoming less common. The most natural plural is 'los stocks'.
- Spelling: Occasionally, you might see it spelled phonetically as 'estoc' in very informal or poorly edited texts (especially in Catalan-influenced areas where 'estoc' is the official spelling), but in standard Spanish, 'stock' is the correct form.
To truly master the concept of inventory in Spanish, you should know the synonyms and related terms that can be used instead of stock depending on the level of formality:
- Existencias
- The most formal and 'pure' Spanish equivalent. Used in accounting and official reports. "El valor de las existencias ha subido."
- Inventario
- Refers to the detailed list of items or the process of counting them. "Mañana cerramos por inventario." (Tomorrow we close for inventory/stock-taking.)
- Surtido
- Refers to the variety of products available. "Tienen un gran surtido de quesos." (They have a great variety/assortment of cheeses.)
- Provisiones
- Usually refers to supplies or provisions, often in the context of food or essentials for a journey. "Tenemos provisiones para un mes."
- Mercancía
- The actual goods themselves. "La mercancía llegará mañana por la mañana."
While stock is functional and modern, using existencias shows a higher level of linguistic proficiency in formal writing. However, in a warehouse, if you say "¿Dónde están las existencias?", it might sound a bit overly dramatic compared to "¿Dónde está el stock?". Use inventario specifically when you are talking about the record-keeping aspect.
How Formal Is It?
難易度
知っておくべき文法
Masculine noun endings
Loanword pluralization
Prepositional phrases (en, sin, fuera de)
Impersonal 'hay'
Direct object pronouns with 'reponer'
レベル別の例文
El libro está en stock.
The book is in stock.
Use 'en' to indicate availability.
No hay stock de camisas rojas.
There is no stock of red shirts.
'No hay' + stock is the simplest way to say it's out.
¿Tienen stock de este café?
Do you have stock of this coffee?
Asking '¿Tienen...?' is standard for checking availability.
El stock es pequeño.
The stock is small.
Stock is a masculine noun.
Mira el stock en la web.
Look at the stock on the website.
Common instruction for online shopping.
¡Mucho stock disponible!
Lots of stock available!
Used in advertisements.
El stock de leche se terminó.
The milk stock finished.
Using 'se terminó' for running out.
Necesito más stock.
I need more stock.
Simple subject-verb-object.
Mañana llega más stock a la tienda.
More stock arrives at the store tomorrow.
Future action with present tense.
Estamos sin stock de zapatos azules.
We are without stock of blue shoes.
'Estar sin stock' is a common state.
El vendedor revisa el stock cada día.
The seller checks the stock every day.
Routine action.
Compré la última unidad en stock.
I bought the last unit in stock.
Preterite tense usage.
Hay poco stock de este modelo.
There is little stock of this model.
Quantifying stock.
El stock de la librería es muy variado.
The bookstore's stock is very varied.
Describing the quality of stock.
No podemos venderlo si no hay stock.
We can't sell it if there is no stock.
Conditional sentence.
El jefe quiere aumentar el stock.
The boss wants to increase the stock.
Infinitive after 'querer'.
Debemos reponer el stock antes de las rebajas.
We must replenish the stock before the sales.
'Reponer' is the specific verb for restocking.
La rotura de stock causó muchas quejas.
The stockout caused many complaints.
'Rotura de stock' is a technical term for being out of stock.
El sistema actualiza el stock automáticamente.
The system updates the stock automatically.
Adverb 'automáticamente'.
Si no gestionamos bien el stock, perderemos dinero.
If we don't manage the stock well, we will lose money.
First conditional.
El stock de seguridad es vital para la empresa.
Safety stock is vital for the company.
Compound noun phrase.
Quedan pocas unidades en stock, ¡date prisa!
Few units left in stock, hurry up!
Imperative 'date prisa'.
El almacén tiene un stock excesivo de invierno.
The warehouse has an excessive winter stock.
Adjective 'excesivo'.
He consultado el stock y no queda nada.
I have consulted the stock and nothing is left.
Present perfect tense.
La rotación de stock ha mejorado este trimestre.
Stock turnover has improved this quarter.
'Rotación de stock' refers to how fast items sell.
Liquidaremos el stock sobrante a final de mes.
We will clear out the surplus stock at the end of the month.
Future tense 'liquidaremos'.
El coste de mantener el stock es muy elevado.
The cost of maintaining stock is very high.
Gerund phrase as subject.
Hubo una falta de stock generalizada en el sector.
There was a widespread lack of stock in the sector.
Preterite 'hubo' for a specific event.
Es necesario optimizar el stock para ser competitivos.
It is necessary to optimize stock to be competitive.
Impersonal expression 'es necesario'.
El stock acumulado está generando pérdidas.
The accumulated stock is generating losses.
Present continuous.
No confundas el stock con las acciones de la bolsa.
Don't confuse stock with stock market shares.
Negative imperative.
El inventario reveló discrepancias en el stock real.
The inventory revealed discrepancies in the actual stock.
Formal vocabulary 'discrepancias'.
La gestión de stocks es un pilar de la logística moderna.
Stock management is a pillar of modern logistics.
Plural 'stocks' used for categories.
El stock de viviendas vacías preocupa al gobierno.
The stock of empty houses worries the government.
Abstract use of 'stock'.
Implementaron un sistema de stock cero para ahorrar.
They implemented a zero-stock system to save money.
Technical term 'stock cero' (Just-in-Time).
La obsolescencia del stock es un riesgo financiero.
Stock obsolescence is a financial risk.
Advanced noun 'obsolescencia'.
A pesar del gran stock, las ventas son lentas.
Despite the large stock, sales are slow.
Conjunction 'a pesar de'.
El informe detalla la valoración de las existencias y el stock.
The report details the valuation of inventory and stock.
Using both 'existencias' and 'stock'.
Se produjo un cuello de botella que afectó al stock.
A bottleneck occurred that affected the stock.
Idiomatic 'cuello de botella'.
El stock disponible no satisface la demanda actual.
The available stock does not satisfy current demand.
Formal verb 'satisfacer'.
La volatilidad del mercado compromete el stock regulador.
Market volatility compromises the buffer stock.
Technical term 'stock regulador'.
Existe una correlación entre el stock y el flujo de caja.
There is a correlation between stock and cash flow.
Academic structure.
La empresa ha provisionado fondos para renovar su stock.
The company has set aside funds to renew its stock.
Verbal use of 'provisionar'.
El stock inmovilizado supone un lastre para la liquidez.
Tied-up stock is a drag on liquidity.
Metaphorical 'lastre'.
Se requiere una auditoría para verificar el stock físico.
An audit is required to verify the physical stock.
Passive voice 'se requiere'.
La trazabilidad del stock es fundamental en alimentación.
Stock traceability is fundamental in the food industry.
Advanced noun 'trazabilidad'.
El stock remanente se donará a causas benéficas.
The remaining stock will be donated to charitable causes.
Formal adjective 'remanente'.
La saturación de stock obligó a bajar los precios.
Stock saturation forced prices to be lowered.
Causal structure.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
間違えやすい
文型パターン
使い方
In Argentina, 'stockearse' is common for 'to stock up'.
In IT, 'stock' can refer to a stack of data, but 'pila' is the correct Spanish term.
- Saying 'la stock' instead of 'el stock'.
- Using 'stock' to mean financial shares (acciones).
- Using 'stock' to mean cooking broth (caldo).
- Trying to conjugate it as a verb like 'yo stockeo' in formal Spanish.
- Confusing 'stock' (quantity) with 'surtido' (variety).
ヒント
Use Synonyms
Try using 'existencias' in your writing to sound more professional and advanced.
Remember the Gender
Always use 'el' or 'un' with stock. It never changes gender.
Shopping Tip
When shopping online, look for the green text 'En stock' to ensure fast delivery.
Avoid 'Stockear'
Unless you are in a very informal setting in South America, avoid turning 'stock' into a verb.
KPIs
If you work in logistics, 'rotación de stock' is one of the most important terms to know.
The 'E' sound
Don't be embarrassed if you say 'estock'. Most native speakers do the same!
Invoices
On invoices and formal receipts, you will almost always see 'existencias' instead of 'stock'.
News
When reading economic news, 'stock' often refers to housing (stock de viviendas).
Checking availability
The most natural way to ask is: '¿Tienen stock de la talla M?'
Visual Aid
Imagine a warehouse full of boxes with 'STOCK' written on them in big letters.
暗記しよう
語源
English
文化的な背景
Very common in retail like Inditex (Zara).
In legal documents, 'existencias' is still the legal standard.
Used universally, sometimes with the localized verb 'stockear'.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"¿Sabes si tienen stock de la nueva PlayStation?"
"¿Cómo gestionan el stock en tu trabajo?"
"¿Prefieres comprar cosas que están en stock o esperar?"
"¿Alguna vez has tenido problemas de stock en tu negocio?"
"¿Qué haces cuando una tienda no tiene stock de lo que buscas?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you wanted to buy something but it was out of stock.
Write a short paragraph about how a warehouse manages its stock.
Compare the words 'stock' and 'existencias' in your own words.
Imagine you own a store. What products would you always have in stock?
Discuss why online stores often have more stock than physical ones.
よくある質問
10 問Sí, es un anglicismo aceptado y muy común, aunque la RAE prefiere 'existencias'.
Se dice 'sin stock', 'fuera de stock' o 'stock agotado'.
El plural más común es 'stocks', aunque algunos usan 'stock' como invariable.
No, para la sopa se usa 'caldo'. 'Stock' solo es para inventario.
No, se dice 'acciones' o 'valores'. 'Stock' no significa 'shares' en español.
Es masculino: el stock.
Es la cantidad extra de producto que se guarda para evitar quedarse sin nada.
Es una venta especial para vaciar el almacén, normalmente con grandes descuentos.
Se dice 'reponer el stock' o 'reabastecer'.
Sí, es un término universal en el mundo de los negocios hispanohablante.
自分をテスト 180 問
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
While 'existencias' is the formal Spanish term, 'stock' is the standard word used in daily commerce and online shopping to describe product availability. Master its use with 'en' and 'sin' to navigate retail situations confidently.
- Stock means inventory or goods available for sale in a business context.
- It is a masculine noun (el stock) and a very common anglicism in Spanish.
- Common phrases include 'en stock' (available) and 'sin stock' (sold out).
- Do not confuse it with financial shares, which are called 'acciones' in Spanish.
Use Synonyms
Try using 'existencias' in your writing to sound more professional and advanced.
Remember the Gender
Always use 'el' or 'un' with stock. It never changes gender.
Shopping Tip
When shopping online, look for the green text 'En stock' to ensure fast delivery.
Avoid 'Stockear'
Unless you are in a very informal setting in South America, avoid turning 'stock' into a verb.
例文
Tenemos poco stock de este producto.
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