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B1 noun #4,500 よく出る 11分で読める

دکترا

doctora 上位4,500

練習する例文メモとヒント دکترا 30秒で

解説 دکترا in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should recognize 'دکترا' (doktorā) as a very high level of school. It is enough to know that it is a 'big degree' and that people who have it are very smart. You might learn it when talking about family members' jobs or school. For example, 'My brother is a student of PhD.' At this stage, don't worry about the complex grammar; just treat it as a special noun for a high level of education. It sounds like the English word 'doctorate,' which makes it easier to remember. Focus on the simple idea: School -> University -> PhD (Doktorā). You might see it on a business card or a sign at a university. In Iran, education is very important, so even beginners will hear this word often when people talk about their dreams or their children's future. Just remember, a person is a 'Doktor,' but the degree is 'Doktorā.'

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'دکترا' in simple sentences with verbs like 'to have' (dashtan) or 'to study' (dars khandan). You should understand that it comes after Master's degree. You can say 'I want to get a PhD' (Man mikham doktorā begiram). You also start to see the 'Ezafe' connecting the word to a subject, like 'PhD of History.' You should be able to distinguish between a medical doctor and someone with a PhD degree. In Iran, both are called 'Doktor,' but only the degree is called 'Doktorā.' You might use this word when describing your educational background or your future plans in a basic way. It's also a good time to learn the word 'Madrak' (degree/certificate) which often goes with 'doktorā.' For example, 'Madrak-e doktorā' means 'the PhD degree.' This helps make your Persian sound a bit more structured.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'دکترا' in various academic and professional contexts. You understand that it is a loanword from French and carries a high social status. You can use more complex verbs like 'paziresh gereftan' (to get admission) or 'edameh dadan' (to continue) in relation to a PhD. You are aware of the 'Konkur-e Doktorā' (the entrance exam) and its importance in Iranian society. You can discuss the process of getting a PhD, such as writing a 'tez' (thesis). At this level, you should also be able to use the word in the 'mogh-ta' (level) construction, like 'mogh-ta-ye doktorā.' You understand the nuances of addressing someone as 'Doktor' as a sign of respect. You can also start using the synonym 'Doktori' in more formal writing. Your sentences should be more descriptive, such as 'He is researching for his PhD dissertation.'

At the B2 level, you understand the deeper cultural implications of holding a 'دکترا' in Iran. You can discuss the challenges of the Iranian academic system, the brain drain (mohajerat-e nokhbe-gan) often involving PhD students, and the difference between a research PhD and a professional doctorate. You use the word fluently in compound sentences and can express opinions about the value of higher education. You are familiar with terms like 'Resaleh' (dissertation) and 'Difa' (defense). You can understand news reports or academic articles that use the word. You also know how to use the word in more abstract ways, like 'at the level of a PhD' (dar had-e doktorā) to describe someone's expertise. Your vocabulary includes related terms like 'Fogh-e Doktorā' (Post-doc) and 'Heyat-e Elmi' (Faculty members), allowing you to have detailed conversations about university life and careers.

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At the C1 level, you have a sophisticated grasp of 'دکترا' and its place in Persian literature and formal discourse. You can use the word in academic writing, following all the rules of formal Persian (Ketabi). You understand the historical transition of the term and its French origins. You can debate the merits of different doctoral programs and the quality of 'Resaleh' writing in contemporary Iran. You are comfortable with the most formal synonyms like 'Daraje-ye Doktorā' (Doctoral degree/rank). You can read complex academic CVs and understand the specific requirements for various 'Doktorā' programs. You also understand the subtle social cues involved when someone insists on being called 'Doktor' and how to navigate those social hierarchies fluently. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from a native speaker's in professional and academic settings.

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At the C2 level, 'دکترا' is a word you use with complete mastery, including its most subtle connotations and historical baggage. You can analyze the evolution of higher education in Iran from the 'Dar ul-Funun' to modern universities where 'Doktorā' programs were established. You can use the word in high-level academic critiques, perhaps discussing the 'inflation' of doctoral degrees in certain fields. You are familiar with the specific terminology of doctoral committees, such as 'Ostad-e Rahnama' (Supervisor) and 'Davar' (Examiner). You can write a formal proposal for a 'Doktorā' program or a critique of a doctoral dissertation. You understand the nuances between 'Doktori' and 'Doktorā' in the context of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature's (Farhangestan) recommendations. Your command of the word allows you to use it in metaphors, irony, or complex social commentary regarding the Iranian intellectual class.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

دکترا 30秒で

Doktorā means PhD or doctorate degree in Persian, representing the highest academic level.
It is a prestigious title in Iranian society, often leading to a career in academia or research.
The word is a French loanword and is used as a noun, distinct from the title 'Doktor'.
Getting a PhD in Iran usually involves a competitive entrance exam and a research dissertation.

The Persian word دکترا (doktorā) refers to the highest academic degree awarded by universities, equivalent to the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or a professional doctorate in English-speaking academic systems. In the Iranian educational landscape, achieving a doktorā is seen as the pinnacle of intellectual pursuit and often carries significant social prestige. It is not merely a credential but a marker of expertise and authority in a specific field of study. When Iranians talk about education, the word دکترا frequently appears in discussions regarding career advancement, research contributions, and social standing. Unlike the word دکتر (doktor), which can refer to a medical practitioner or a person who holds the degree, دکترا specifically denotes the degree itself. Understanding this distinction is crucial for learners to avoid common linguistic pitfalls.

Academic Context: The term is used within the framework of higher education to describe the final stage of studies after a Master's degree (Karshenasi-ye Arshad). It involves rigorous coursework followed by a comprehensive exam (Azmoon-e Jame) and the defense of a research-based dissertation.

In everyday conversation, you might hear someone say they are 'reading for their doctorate' (dar hal-e dars khandan baraye doktorā). The pursuit of this degree in Iran is highly competitive, often requiring candidates to pass national entrance exams known as the 'Konkur-e Doktorā'. This competitive nature adds to the word's weight in social discourse.

او پس از پنج سال تلاش، بالاخره مدرک دکترای خود را در رشته ادبیات فارسی دریافت کرد.

After five years of effort, he finally received his doctorate degree in Persian Literature.

Furthermore, the word is often associated with the concept of 'Doctorat-e Peyvasteh' (Continuous Doctorate), which is common in fields like medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry in Iran. In these cases, students enter a long-term program directly after high school that culminates in a doctorate. This nuance is important for English speakers who are used to the separation of undergraduate and graduate medical education.

Professional Usage: When applying for high-level research or faculty positions, having a 'Doktorā' is usually a prerequisite. It is often listed in CVs under 'Tahsilat' (Education).

داشتن مدرک دکترا برای استخدام در هیئت علمی دانشگاه الزامی است.

Having a PhD degree is mandatory for employment in the university faculty.

Socially, the word carries a sense of 'Farheekhtegi' (erudition). Someone who has achieved a doktorā is often addressed with the title 'Doktor' even in non-medical contexts. This reflects the deep respect for education in Iranian culture. The word itself is a loanword from French ('doctorat'), reflecting the historical influence of the French educational system on Iran's modern university structure established in the early 20th century.

پدرم همیشه آرزو داشت من به درجه دکترا برسم.

My father always wished for me to reach the level of a doctorate.

In summary, دکترا is a word that encapsulates ambition, academic rigor, and social advancement. Whether you are discussing university life, career goals, or the biographies of famous scholars, this term is essential for navigating the intellectual landscape of the Persian-speaking world.

Using the word دکترا correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its common verbal pairings. In Persian, nouns like doktorā often function as part of a compound verb or are modified by adjectives and other nouns through the 'Ezafe' construction. Let's explore the various ways this word integrates into sentences.

The 'Ezafe' Construction: The most common way to use 'doktorā' is followed by the field of study using the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound). For example, 'Doktorā-ye Fizik' (PhD in Physics) or 'Doktorā-ye Tarikh' (PhD in History).

او در حال حاضر دانشجوی دکترای روانشناسی است.

He is currently a PhD student in Psychology.

When discussing the act of obtaining the degree, the verb گرفتن (gereftan - to get/take) or اخذ کردن (akhz kardan - to obtain, more formal) is used. You 'take' your doctorate just as you would in English, but the formal register often prefers 'akhz'.

سارا سال گذشته موفق به اخذ مدرک دکترا شد.

Sara succeeded in obtaining her doctorate degree last year.

Another important structure involves the word مدرک (madrak - degree/diploma). While you can say 'doktorā gereftam' (I got a PhD), it is very common and slightly more precise to say 'madrak-e doktorā gereftam' (I got a PhD degree).

Using 'Doktorā' as a Subject: The degree itself can be the subject of a sentence, often when describing the difficulty or the duration of the program.

دوره دکترا معمولاً چهار تا پنج سال طول می‌کشد.

The doctorate period usually takes four to five years.

In a more abstract sense, 'doktorā' can be used to describe someone's level of expertise. For instance, 'Dar hade doktorā' (at the level of a PhD). This is used to praise someone's deep knowledge even if they don't hold the formal degree.

اطلاعات او در زمینه تاریخ، در حد دکترا است.

His information in the field of history is at the PhD level.

When discussing the application process, you might use verbs like پذیرش گرفتن (paziresh gereftan - to get admission). 'Paziresh-e doktorā' refers to PhD admission. This is a hot topic among Iranian youth who often seek 'paziresh' from foreign universities.

Common Prepositions: We use 'dar' (in) to specify the field, and 'baraye' (for) to specify the purpose or goal related to the doctorate.

او برای ادامه تحصیل در مقطع دکترا به آلمان رفت.

He went to Germany to continue his studies at the doctorate level.

In conclusion, mastering 'doktorā' in sentences requires a balance of formal verbs and correct Ezafe usage. By practicing these patterns, you can fluently discuss academic achievements and aspirations in Persian.

The word دکترا is ubiquitous in Iranian society, appearing in settings ranging from formal university halls to casual family gatherings. Understanding the cultural weight of this word provides a window into the Iranian value system regarding education and status.

In the Family Circle: In many Iranian families, there is a strong emphasis on children reaching the highest levels of education. Parents often speak of 'doktorā' as the ultimate goal for their children. You might hear a grandmother say, 'Inshallah doktorā-to begiri' (God willing, you will get your PhD).

This expectation creates a social environment where the word is synonymous with success and fulfillment of familial duty. It's not uncommon for wedding invitations or formal announcements to include the title 'Dr.' if the individual holds a doktorā, underscoring its social importance.

مهمانی دیشب به افتخار برادرم بود که تازه دکترایش را تمام کرده است.

Last night's party was in honor of my brother who just finished his doctorate.

In the news and media, دکترا is frequently mentioned in the context of scientific breakthroughs, university rankings, and government appointments. Iranian officials often highlight their academic credentials, and the word 'doktorā' is used to validate their expertise in public discourse.

On Social Media and the Internet: The Iranian 'Twitter-verse' and Instagram are full of discussions about the 'Konkur-e Doktorā' (PhD Entrance Exam) and the struggles of 'PhD life' (Zendegi-ye Doktorā). Students share memes about their 'Resaleh' (thesis) and the long hours spent in laboratories or libraries.

بسیاری از جوانان ایرانی برای گرفتن دکترا به خارج از کشور مهاجرت می‌کنند.

Many Iranian youths migrate abroad to get a PhD.

The word also appears in the context of 'Doktorā-ye Eftekhar' (Honorary Doctorate), awarded to distinguished figures in art, science, or politics. Hearing this term indicates a high level of public recognition and honor bestowed upon an individual.

In Professional Environments: In offices and research centers, the word is used to categorize staff levels and salary scales. A 'Paye-ye Doktorā' (PhD base salary) is a specific term in the Iranian administrative system.

او با مدرک دکترا در بخش تحقیق و توسعه شرکت مشغول به کار شد.

He started working in the company's R&D department with a PhD degree.

Finally, you will hear this word in educational advertisements and university brochures. Terms like 'Paziresh-e bedoone azmoon-e doktorā' (PhD admission without exam) are common marketing hooks for private universities, highlighting the ongoing demand for this degree in the country.

While دکترا seems straightforward, English speakers and even native learners often make specific errors in its usage, pronunciation, and spelling. Awareness of these common mistakes will help you communicate more precisely and professionally.

Confusing 'Doktor' with 'Doktorā': This is the most frequent error. 'Doktor' is the person (the doctor), while 'Doktorā' is the degree (the doctorate). You cannot say 'I have a doctor'; you must say 'I have a doctorate' (Man doktorā daram).

❌ من مدرک دکتر دارم.
✅ من مدرک دکترا دارم.

Correcting the confusion between the person and the degree.

Another common mistake involves the spelling and pronunciation of the final vowel. In Persian, it is written with an 'Alef' at the end (دکترا). Some learners mistakenly write it with a 'He' (دکتره), which changes the meaning to 'It is a doctor' or 'The doctor (informal)'.

Misusing the Ezafe: When connecting 'doktorā' to a field of study, the Ezafe is mandatory. Because 'doktorā' ends in a vowel, a 'ye' sound is added. Some learners forget this, saying 'Doktorā Fizik' instead of 'Doktorā-ye Fizik'.

❌ دکترا شیمی
✅ دکترای شیمی

The correct use of Ezafe with words ending in 'Alef'.

In formal contexts, there is a debate between using 'دکترا' (doktorā) and 'دکتری' (doktori). While both are used, 'دکتری' is often preferred by official language academies in Iran for academic transcripts. Using 'doktorā' is not a mistake, but in very formal academic writing, 'doktori' might be expected. However, for a learner, 'doktorā' is the more versatile and commonly understood term.

The Pluralization Error: Learners often struggle with pluralizing loanwords. The plural of 'doktorā' is 'doktorā-hā'. Some might try to use Arabic-style plurals which do not apply here.

دانشگاه‌ها ظرفیت پذیرش در دکتراها را کاهش داده‌اند.

Correct plural usage: Universities have reduced the admission capacity for doctorates.

Lastly, be careful with the verb 'to study'. In English, we say 'I am doing a PhD'. In Persian, you 'read' (khandan) for a PhD or you are 'busy with' (mashghool-e) a PhD. Avoid using 'kardan' (to do) directly with 'doktorā' as it sounds unnatural.

❌ من دکترا می‌کنم.
✅ من در حال تحصیل در مقطع دکترا هستم.

Using the correct verbal construction for pursuing a degree.

To truly master the vocabulary surrounding higher education, it is helpful to look at words related to دکترا. These alternatives and similar terms allow for more nuanced expression depending on the level of formality and the specific academic context.

دکتری (Doktori): As mentioned, 'doktori' is the official Persian equivalent often used in formal university documents. While 'doktorā' is more common in speech, 'doktori' is the 'pure' Persian-style derivation of the word.

Comparison: 'Doktorā' sounds slightly more international and modern, whereas 'Doktori' sounds more administrative and traditional. In a job interview, either is fine, but on a formal application form, you might see 'Doktori'.

او مدرک دکتری خود را از دانشگاه تهران گرفت.

He got his doctorate degree from Tehran University (using the alternative 'Doktori').

مقطع (Maghta'): This word means 'level' or 'stage'. It is almost always used when referring to the PhD stage of education: 'Maghta-ye Doktorā'.

Using 'maghta' adds a layer of professional precision to your speech. It's the difference between saying 'I'm in a PhD' and 'I'm at the PhD level of study'.

پی‌اچ‌دی (PhD): In technical and scientific circles, Iranians often use the English acronym 'PhD' transliterated into Persian. This is especially common in fields like engineering and medicine when referring to research degrees.

من برای پی‌اچ‌دی در رشته نانو تکنولوژی اپلای کردم.

I applied for a PhD in the field of nanotechnology.

Other related terms include تز (tez - thesis) and رساله (resaleh - dissertation). While 'tez' can be used for Master's or PhD, 'resaleh' is specifically reserved for the doctoral dissertation, making it a more sophisticated alternative when discussing the work involved in a doktorā.

فوق دکترا (Foghe Doktorā): This refers to 'Post-Doctorate'. Once you have completed your 'doktorā', this is the next step for many researchers. The prefix 'fogh' means 'above' or 'beyond'.

او در حال گذراندن دوره فوق دکترا در دانشگاه هاروارد است.

He is currently doing a post-doctoral course at Harvard University.

By understanding these synonyms and related levels, you gain a comprehensive view of the Persian academic lexicon. This allows you to navigate conversations about education with the same precision as a native speaker.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Because of this French influence, Iranians say 'doktorā' while many other neighboring countries use Arabic-derived terms like 'Dukturah'. Iran's choice reflects its 20th-century secular academic history.

発音ガイド

UK /dɒk.tə.rɑː/

US /dɑːk.tə.rɑː/

The stress is typically on the final syllable 'rā'.

韻が合う語

ما (mā - we) شما (shomā - you) کجا (kojā - where) فردا (fardā - tomorrow) سینما (sinemā - cinema) غذا (ghazā - food) صدا (sedā - sound) هوا (havā - air)

よくある間違い

Shortening the final 'ā' to a short 'a' or 'e'.
Pronouncing it exactly like the English 'doctor'.
Forgetting the distinct 'k' sound in the middle.
Mixing it up with 'Doktor' (the person).
Adding an extra 't' at the end (like the French original).

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize due to English/French similarity, but spelling with Alef is key.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct use of Ezafe and avoiding confusion with 'Doktor'.

スピーキング 3/5

Simple pronunciation, but the final long vowel must be clear.

リスニング 2/5

Very easy to pick out in a sentence because it stands out.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

دانشگاه درس مدرک استاد خواندن

次に学ぶ

رساله پژوهش هیئت علمی بورسیه تز

上級

اپلای کردن فرصت مطالعاتی پسا دکترا آزمون جامع

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe with words ending in Alef

دکترا + ی + فیزیک = دکترای فیزیک (The 'y' sound is added for flow).

Pluralization of loanwords

دکترا + ها = دکتراها (Using the Persian suffix 'hā').

Compound Verbs with nouns

دکترا + گرفتن = دکترا گرفتن (To get a PhD).

Formal vs Informal Contractions

دکترایم (Formal) vs دکترام (Informal/Spoken).

Using 'Moghta' as a classifier

مقطعِ دکترا (The level of PhD).

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レベル別の例文

برادرم دکترا دارد.

My brother has a PhD.

Simple subject-object-verb structure.

او دانشجوی دکترا است.

He is a PhD student.

Uses 'daneshjoo' (student) with Ezafe.

دکترا سخت است.

A PhD is hard.

Simple adjective description.

من دکترا دوست دارم.

I like PhD (studies).

Direct object usage.

آیا شما دکترا دارید؟

Do you have a PhD?

Formal question form.

او مدرک دکترا گرفت.

He got a PhD degree.

Uses 'madrak' (degree).

پدرم دکترای تاریخ دارد.

My father has a PhD in history.

Ezafe connecting degree and field.

اسم این مدرک دکترا است.

The name of this degree is PhD.

Identificational sentence.

او می‌خواهد برای دکترا به پاریس برود.

She wants to go to Paris for a PhD.

Using 'baraye' (for) to show purpose.

درس‌های دکترا خیلی زیاد است.

PhD lessons are very many.

Plural possessive construction.

من برای امتحان دکترا درس می‌خوانم.

I am studying for the PhD exam.

Compound verb 'dars khandan'.

او در دانشگاه تهران دکترا می‌خواند.

He is studying for a PhD at Tehran University.

Preposition 'dar' (at/in).

آیا گرفتن دکترا پنج سال طول می‌کشد؟

Does getting a PhD take five years?

Using 'tool keshidan' (to take time).

دوست من دکترای شیمی دارد.

My friend has a PhD in chemistry.

Ezafe with a scientific field.

او بعد از ارشد، دکترا گرفت.

He got a PhD after his Master's.

Sequence of events with 'ba'd az'.

من مدرک دکترای او را دیدم.

I saw his PhD degree.

Possessive Ezafe chain.

او برای پذیرش دکترا مدارک خود را فرستاد.

He sent his documents for PhD admission.

Using 'paziresh' (admission).

دفاع از رساله دکترا کار سختی است.

Defending a PhD dissertation is a hard task.

Using 'difa' (defense) and 'resaleh' (dissertation).

او بورسیه دکترا از دانشگاه تورنتو گرفت.

He got a PhD scholarship from Toronto University.

Using 'boorsiyeh' (scholarship).

بسیاری از اساتید ما دکترا از خارج دارند.

Many of our professors have PhDs from abroad.

Plural subject with 'az kharej'.

او در مقطع دکترا مشغول به تحقیق است.

He is busy with research at the PhD level.

Using 'maghta' (level) and 'mashghool' (busy).

آیا برای دکترا باید مقاله داشته باشیم؟

Do we need to have articles for a PhD?

Conditional 'bayad' (must) with 'maghaleh' (article).

او سال‌ها برای رسیدن به درجه دکترا تلاش کرد.

He strived for years to reach the rank of PhD.

Using 'darajeh' (rank/degree).

او موفق به دریافت دکترای افتخاری شد.

He succeeded in receiving an honorary doctorate.

Using 'eftekhari' (honorary).

رقابت برای ورود به دوره دکترا بسیار فشرده است.

Competition to enter the PhD course is very intense.

Using 'reghabat' (competition) and 'feshordeh' (intense).

او تز دکترای خود را در زمینه هوش مصنوعی نوشت.

He wrote his PhD thesis in the field of Artificial Intelligence.

Using 'tez' and 'zamineh' (field).

ارزش مدرک دکترا در بازار کار تغییر کرده است.

The value of a PhD degree in the job market has changed.

Abstract concept 'arzesh' (value).

او پس از اتمام دکترا، به عنوان هیئت علمی استخدام شد.

After finishing his PhD, he was hired as faculty.

Using 'heyat-e elmi' (faculty).

برخی معتقدند دکترا گرفتن در ایران دشوارتر است.

Some believe getting a PhD in Iran is more difficult.

Comparative 'doshvartar' (more difficult).

او برای دکترا، پروپوزال خود را به استاد ارائه داد.

For his PhD, he presented his proposal to the professor.

Using 'propozal' and 'era'eh dadan' (to present).

تحصیل در مقطع دکترا نیازمند تمرکز بالایی است.

Studying at the PhD level requires high focus.

Using 'niyazmand' (requiring).

او توانست بورس کامل برای دوره دکترا دریافت کند.

He was able to receive a full scholarship for the PhD course.

Using 'boors-e kamel' (full scholarship).

تدوین رساله دکترا مستلزم پژوهش‌های گسترده میدانی است.

Compiling a PhD dissertation requires extensive field research.

Formal verb 'mostalzem' (requires) and 'tadvine' (compiling).

او از رساله دکترای خود با درجه عالی دفاع کرد.

He defended his PhD dissertation with an 'excellent' grade.

Using 'daraje-ye ali' (excellent grade).

ساختار آزمون جامع دکترا در سال‌های اخیر تغییر کرده است.

The structure of the PhD comprehensive exam has changed in recent years.

Using 'azmoon-e jame' (comprehensive exam).

او به عنوان پژوهشگر پسا دکترا در آزمایشگاه فعالیت می‌کند.

He works as a post-doctoral researcher in the laboratory.

Using 'pasa-doktorā' (post-doc, formal Persian).

اعتبار علمی یک دانشگاه به کیفیت دوره‌های دکترای آن بستگی دارد.

The scientific credibility of a university depends on the quality of its PhD courses.

Using 'e'tebar' (credibility) and 'bastegi dashtan' (to depend).

او در نگارش تز دکترا از منابع دست اول استفاده کرده است.

He used primary sources in writing his PhD thesis.

Using 'manabe-ye dast-e avval' (primary sources).

چالش‌های معیشتی دانشجویان دکترا یکی از معضلات نظام آموزشی است.

The livelihood challenges of PhD students are one of the problems of the educational system.

Using 'ma'ishati' (livelihood) and 'mozal' (problem).

او توانست در کوتاه‌ترین زمان ممکن دکترا را به پایان برساند.

He was able to finish his PhD in the shortest possible time.

Superlative 'kootah-tarin' (shortest).

بسیاری بر این باورند که دکترا در علوم انسانی نیازمند بازنگری بنیادین است.

Many believe that the doctorate in humanities requires a fundamental revision.

Formal 'bar in bavarand' (believe that) and 'baznegari' (revision).

رساله دکترای وی به عنوان اثر برگزیده سال در حوزه فلسفه انتخاب شد.

His PhD dissertation was selected as the chosen work of the year in the field of philosophy.

Passive voice 'entekhab shod' (was selected).

پدیده مدرک‌گرایی باعث کاهش کیفیت خروجی‌های دوره‌های دکترا شده است.

The phenomenon of 'credentialism' has caused a decrease in the quality of PhD course outputs.

Using 'madrak-garayi' (credentialism).

او با رویکردی انتقادی به بررسی برنامه‌های درسی مقطع دکترا پرداخت.

He examined the PhD level curricula with a critical approach.

Using 'rooykard-e enteghadi' (critical approach).

تخصیص بودجه برای طرح‌های پژوهشی دکترا از اولویت‌های وزارت علوم است.

Allocating budget for PhD research projects is among the priorities of the Ministry of Science.

Using 'takhsis-e boodjeh' (budget allocation).

او در رساله دکترای خود به واکاوی ریشه‌های تاریخی مشروطیت پرداخته است.

In his PhD dissertation, he has analyzed the historical roots of the Constitutional Revolution.

Using 'vākāvi' (analysis/probing).

ظرفیت‌های پذیرش دکترا باید متناسب با نیازهای واقعی بازار کار تنظیم شود.

PhD admission capacities must be adjusted according to the real needs of the job market.

Passive modal 'bayad tanzim shavad' (must be adjusted).

او با تکیه بر یافته‌های رساله دکترایش، نظریه جدیدی را مطرح کرد.

Relying on the findings of his PhD dissertation, he proposed a new theory.

Using 'tekyeh bar' (relying on) and 'yafteh-ha' (findings).

よく使う組み合わせ

مدرک دکترا

دانشجوی دکترا

رساله دکترا

امتحان دکترا

پذیرش دکترا

بورسیه دکترا

دکترای افتخاری

فوق دکترا

دفاع دکترا

کنکور دکترا

よく使うフレーズ

دکترای خود را گرفتن

— To obtain one's PhD. This is the standard way to say someone finished their degree.

او سال پیش دکترایش را گرفت.

در حد دکترا

— At the level of a PhD. Used to describe someone's high level of knowledge in a topic.

او در حد دکترا مطالعه دارد.

دکترای پیوسته

— Continuous doctorate. A program that goes from high school straight to a PhD (common in medicine).

او در رشته پزشکی دکترای پیوسته می‌خواند.

فارغ‌التحصیل دکترا

— PhD graduate. Someone who has successfully completed their doctoral studies.

او فارغ‌التحصیل دکترای اقتصاد است.

مقطع دکترا

— PhD level. Used to specify the educational stage.

تحصیل در مقطع دکترا دشوار است.

داوطلب دکترا

— PhD candidate/applicant. Someone applying for or currently in the program.

او داوطلب دکترای مدیریت است.

بورسیه تحصیلی دکترا

— PhD study scholarship. Financial aid for doctoral studies.

او به دنبال بورسیه تحصیلی دکترا است.

دکترای حرفه‌ای

— Professional doctorate. Such as MD, DDS, or PharmD.

او مدرک دکترای حرفه‌ای داروسازی دارد.

دوره دکترا پژوهش‌محور

— Research-based PhD course. A program focused primarily on research rather than classes.

او در یک دوره دکترا پژوهش‌محور شرکت کرد.

رزومه دکترا

— PhD CV. A curriculum vitae tailored for doctoral applications.

او رزومه دکترای خود را تقویت کرد.

よく混同される語

دکترا vs دکتر (Doktor)

Confusing the person (doctor) with the degree (doctorate).

دکترا vs دکتری (Doktori)

Often used interchangeably, but 'Doktori' is more formally Persian.

دکترا vs دکتره (Doktore)

Pronunciation mistake; 'Doktore' means 'It is a doctor'.

慣用句と表現

"دکترای چیزی را داشتن"

— To be an absolute expert in something (often used colloquially).

او دکترای غیبت کردن دارد! (He has a PhD in gossiping!)

Informal/Sarcastic

"هفت‌خوان دکترا"

— The 'seven labors' of a PhD. Refers to the many difficult stages of getting the degree.

برای گرفتن این مدرک باید از هفت‌خوان دکترا گذشت.

Literary/Colloquial

"دکترای افتخاری از کوچه و بازار"

— An honorary doctorate from the street. Used to mock someone who thinks they are smart but has no formal education.

او فقط دکترای افتخاری از کوچه و بازار دارد.

Slang/Insult

"عشقِ دکترا"

— Someone who is obsessed with getting the title 'Doctor' rather than the knowledge.

او فقط عشقِ دکتراست و دنبال علم نیست.

Informal

"دکترای بیکار"

— An unemployed PhD holder. A social term referring to the lack of jobs for highly educated people.

متأسفانه تعداد دکترای بیکار در جامعه زیاد شده است.

Social/Political

"سواد در حد دکترا، شعور در حد صفر"

— PhD-level knowledge, zero-level common sense. A common phrase used to criticize an educated but rude person.

بعضی‌ها سواد در حد دکترا دارند اما شعورشان صفر است.

Colloquial

"پزِ دکترا"

— Showing off one's PhD degree.

او مدام پزِ دکترایش را به بقیه می‌دهد.

Informal

"دکترای تمام‌عیار"

— A full-fledged PhD. Someone who truly deserves the title.

او یک دکترای تمام‌عیار در رشته خودش است.

Praising

"مدرک دکترا قاب کردن"

— To frame one's PhD. Implies that the degree is only for show and not being used.

او فقط مدرک دکترایش را قاب کرده و گوشه خانه گذاشته است.

Critical

"دکترای زندگی"

— A PhD in life. Refers to being wise and experienced in life matters.

مادربزرگم دکترای زندگی داشت.

Poetic/Respectful

間違えやすい

دکترا vs دکتر

They look and sound similar.

Doktor is the person (noun for agent); Doktorā is the degree (noun for object/level).

دکتر (شخص) مدرک دکترا (مدرک) دارد.

دکترا vs پزشک

Both can be called 'Doktor' in English and Persian.

Pezeshk is specifically a medical doctor; Doktorā can be in any field like history or math.

همه پزشکان مدرک دکترا دارند، اما همه کسانی که دکترا دارند پزشک نیستند.

دکترا vs ارشد

Both are postgraduate degrees.

Arshad is Master's (lower level); Doktorā is PhD (higher level).

اول ارشد بگیرید، بعد دکترا.

دکترا vs تز

Often associated with the degree.

Tez is the book/research you write; Doktorā is the degree you get for it.

او تز دکترایش را تمام کرد.

دکترا vs پروفسور

High academic titles.

Professor is a job rank; Doktorā is an academic degree. You need a Doktorā to become a Professor.

او استاد (پروفسور) است و دکترا دارد.

文型パターン

[Person] [Subject] doktorā dārad.

Ali doktorā-ye riyāzi dārad.

[Person] barāye doktorā dars mikhānad.

Sara barāye doktorā dars mikhānad.

Dar moghta-ye doktorā, [Action].

Dar moghta-ye doktorā, bayad tahghigh kard.

Gereftan-e madrak-e doktorā [Adjective] ast.

Gereftan-e madrak-e doktorā doshvār ast.

Pas az tadvine resale-ye doktorā, [Result].

Pas az tadvine resale-ye doktorā, oo difā kard.

E'tebar-e elmi dar satha-ye doktorā [Verb].

E'tebar-e elmi dar satha-ye doktorā tabyin mishavad.

Oo movaffagh be akhze doktorā shod.

Oo movaffagh be akhze doktorā-ye honar shod.

Emtehān-e doktorā [Time] ast.

Emtehān-e doktorā fardā ast.

語族

名詞

دکتر (Doktor - Doctor)

دکتری (Doktori - Doctorate)

دکترا (Doktorā - PhD)

پسا دکترا (Pasa-doktorā - Post-doc)

動詞

دکترا گرفتن (Doktorā gereftan - To get a PhD)

دکتر خطاب کردن (Doktor khatāb kardan - To address as Doctor)

形容詞

دکترانه (Doktorāneh - Doctor-like)

دکترا دار (Doktorā-dār - Having a PhD)

使い方

frequency

High in educational, professional, and status-related conversations.

よくある間違い

من دکتر دارم (Man doktor dāram) → من دکترا دارم (Man doktorā dāram)
Saying 'I have a doctor' implies you possess a person. Use 'doktorā' for the degree.
دکترا فیزیک (Doktorā Fizik) → دکترای فیزیک (Doktorā-ye Fizik)
You must use the 'ye' Ezafe to link the degree to the field of study.
او دکترا می‌کند (Oo doktorā mikonad) → او دکترا می‌خواند (Oo doktorā mikhānad)
In Persian, you 'read' for a degree, you don't 'do' a degree.
نوشتن دکترا (Neveshtan-e doktorā) → نوشتن رساله دکترا (Neveshtan-e resale-ye doktorā)
You don't 'write a PhD', you write a 'PhD dissertation'.
دکترای او تمام شد (Doktorā-ye oo tamām shod) → تحصیلات دکترای او تمام شد (Tahsilāt-e doktorā-ye oo tamām shod)
While the mistake is understood, it's more precise to say 'his doctoral studies' ended.

ヒント

The 'Ye' Ezafe

Because دکترا ends in an 'Alef', always add the letter 'ی' when connecting it to a field. Example: دکترا + ی + تاریخ = دکترای تاریخ.

Status Symbol

In Iran, having a دکترا changes how people treat you. You will be called 'Doktor' in almost all social situations, which is a sign of high prestige.

Person vs. Degree

Never say 'Man doktor dāram' to mean you have a degree. Say 'Man doktorā dāram'. 'Doktor' is the person, 'Doktorā' is the qualification.

The Final Alef

Make sure to write the 'Alef' (ا) at the end. Without it, the word is incomplete or changes meaning entirely.

Resaleh vs. Tez

While 'Tez' is common, using 'Resaleh' specifically for a PhD dissertation makes you sound much more advanced and academic.

Addressing Others

If you know someone has a دکترا, it is polite to address them as 'Doktor [Family Name]' in professional settings.

Konkur

When Iranians talk about 'Konkur', they usually mean the undergraduate exam. For PhD, they specifically say 'Konkur-e Doktorā'.

Long Vowel

The 'ā' in 'Doktorā' is like the 'a' in 'father'. Don't let it become a short 'a' like in 'cat'.

French Connection

Knowing it comes from the French 'doctorat' helps you remember why it doesn't sound like an Arabic word.

Heyat-e Elmi

If your goal is to be a professor, you'll need a دکترا to join the 'Heyat-e Elmi' (Faculty board).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Doctor' who is so 'A'-mazing they got an 'A' at the end of their name: Doktor-A! This 'A' stands for the highest Academic achievement.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person wearing a graduation cap (the 'Doktor') standing on a giant letter 'A' (the degree).

Word Web

University PhD Professor Thesis Research Degree Scholarship Expert

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences: one about someone you know who has a 'doktorā', one about a subject you'd like a 'doktorā' in, and one about why a 'doktorā' is difficult.

語源

The word is borrowed from the French 'doctorat'. During the late Qajar and early Pahlavi eras, the Iranian educational system was heavily influenced by the French model. Many scientific and academic terms in Persian have French roots.

元の意味： In French, 'doctorat' refers to the highest university degree. The 't' at the end was dropped in Persian pronunciation, resulting in 'doktorā'.

Indo-European (via French loanword)

文化的な背景

Be careful not to call someone 'Doktor' if they only have a Master's degree, as it can be seen as mocking or overly flattering, though some do it to show extreme respect.

In the US or UK, people with PhDs are often addressed as 'Dr.' only in academic settings. In Iran, it is used almost everywhere as a primary title.

Dr. Mohammad Mosaddegh (The first Iranian to receive a doctorate in Law from a European university). Dr. Ali Shariati (Famous sociologist with a doctorate from the Sorbonne). Dr. Mahmoud Hesabi (Renowned Iranian physicist).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

University Environment

ثبت‌نام دکترا
کلاس‌های دکترا
واحد‌های دکترا
استاد راهنمای دکترا

Job Market

استخدام با مدرک دکترا
حقوق پایه دکترا
مزایای مدرک دکترا
تخصص در سطح دکترا

Social Gatherings

تبریک برای دکترا
شیرینی دکترا
افتخار خانواده
آقای دکتر / خانم دکتر

Research & Science

پروژه دکترا
مقاله مستخرج از دکترا
یافته‌های دکترا
سمینار دکترا

International Education

پذیرش دکترای خارج
فاند دکترا
ویزای تحصیلی دکترا
معادل‌سازی مدرک دکترا

会話のきっかけ

"آیا قصد دارید در آینده برای دکترا ادامه تحصیل دهید؟ (Do you intend to continue for a PhD in the future?)"

"به نظر شما داشتن مدرک دکترا در پیدا کردن کار چقدر مهم است؟ (How important do you think having a PhD is for finding a job?)"

"سخت‌ترین بخش دوره دکترا از نظر شما چیست؟ (What is the hardest part of a PhD course in your opinion?)"

"در کشور شما، برخورد مردم با کسی که دکترا دارد چگونه است؟ (In your country, how do people treat someone who has a PhD?)"

"دوست دارید در چه رشته‌ای مدرک دکترا بگیرید؟ (In what field would you like to get a PhD degree?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره اهمیت تحصیلات عالی و مدرک دکترا در جامعه خود بنویسید. (Write about the importance of higher education and a PhD in your society.)

اگر می‌توانستید در هر رشته‌ای دکترا بگیرید، کدام را انتخاب می‌کردید و چرا؟ (If you could get a PhD in any field, which would you choose and why?)

یک روز از زندگی یک دانشجوی دکترا را تصور کرده و توصیف کنید. (Imagine and describe a day in the life of a PhD student.)

آیا فکر می‌کنید تجربه کاری مهم‌تر است یا داشتن مدرک دکترا؟ (Do you think work experience is more important or having a PhD degree?)

درباره سختی‌های نوشتن یک رساله دکترا و نحوه مدیریت آن بنویسید. (Write about the difficulties of writing a PhD dissertation and how to manage it.)

よくある質問

10 問

Both refer to the PhD degree. 'Doktorā' is a direct loanword from French and is very common in speech and general writing. 'Doktori' is a Persianized version often used in formal academic contexts and by the Persian Language Academy. They are generally interchangeable for learners.

Yes and no. The degree a medical doctor holds is called 'Doktorā-ye herfeh-yi' (Professional Doctorate). However, in common speech, when people say 'He is a doctor', they use 'Doktor'. If they say 'He has a PhD', they use 'Doktorā'.

Typically, a PhD program in Iran takes between 4 to 6 years. It includes two years of coursework, a comprehensive exam, and then several years of research and dissertation writing.

Yes, if you are specifying the field. Since 'Doktorā' ends in a long 'ā', you must add a 'ye' (ی) sound. For example: 'Doktorā-ye Shimi' (PhD in Chemistry).

No. You use 'Doktor' as a title (e.g., Doktor Ahmadi). 'Doktorā' is only used for the degree itself (e.g., He has a Doktorā).

It is the nationwide competitive entrance examination that students must pass to get into PhD programs in Iranian state universities.

Yes, it is a standard and formal word. However, its origin is French. For extremely formal 'pure' Persian, some might prefer 'Doktori'.

The plural is 'Doktorā-hā' (دکتراها). You might use this when talking about different doctoral programs or multiple degrees.

It means 'Post-Doctorate'. It is the research level people pursue after they have already obtained their 'Doktorā'.

Yes, it is used in Afghanistan and Tajikistan, though Tajikistan (influenced by Russian) might also use 'Dokturantura' or 'Doktora'.

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