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B1 adjective #6,000 よく出る 7分で読める

درنده

darandeh
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解説 درنده in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 'darande' as a word for 'big, scary animals' that eat other animals. Imagine a lion or a wolf. These animals are 'darande'. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet. Just remember that it describes animals with sharp teeth that hunt. You can say: 'The lion is darande.' It's like 'predator' but simpler—think 'fierce hunter'. In children's stories, the 'big bad wolf' is the most famous example of a 'darande' animal. Focus on associating the word with pictures of lions, tigers, and wolves. When you see a picture of a lion, say to yourself: 'In heyvān-e darande ast' (This is a predatory animal). This helps build the basic connection between the sound of the word and the image of a powerful hunter.
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At the A2 level, you start to use 'darande' to categorize animals. You can distinguish between 'darande' (predatory) and 'ahli' (domestic/tame). For example, a cat is 'ahli' (usually), but a tiger in the jungle is 'darande'. You will use the Ezafe construction more often: 'heyvān-e darande'. You might also learn that these animals live in the 'jangal' (forest) or 'biābān' (desert). You can describe their actions simply: 'The darande animal hunts at night.' At this stage, you are building your vocabulary by contrasting opposites. If someone asks, 'Is a cow darande?', you can answer, 'No, a cow is not darande; it is a herbivore (giāh-khār).' This level is about basic classification and simple sentence structures.
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At the B1 level (Intermediate), you understand that 'darande' is not just about big animals, but about the *nature* of the hunt. You can use it to talk about the 'food chain' and 'ecosystems'. You might read a short article about wildlife conservation and see 'darandegan' (predators) mentioned as an important part of nature. You can also start using the word metaphorically. If a movie character is very aggressive and scary, you might say they have a 'predatory look' (negāh-e darande). You understand that the word comes from 'daridan' (to tear), which gives you a deeper sense of why it's used for animals that rip their prey. You are now moving from simple descriptions to more nuanced discussions about nature and human character.
At the B2 level, you can use 'darande' in more complex socio-economic contexts. You might discuss 'predatory capitalism' or 'predatory behavior' in a workplace. You understand the difference between 'darande' and 'ghāratgar' (plunderer). You can write essays about the balance of nature, using 'darandegan' as a key term for top-tier predators. You are comfortable with the plural form and can use the word in various grammatical positions. You also recognize the word in literature and can explain its emotional impact—how it evokes fear, power, and the raw side of life. You can engage in debates about whether humans are 'darande' by nature or if society makes them that way.
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At the C1 level, you appreciate the literary and historical depth of 'darande'. You see it in the poetry of Rumi or the epic tales of the Shahnameh. You can analyze how the word is used to represent the 'nafs-e ammāre' (the commanding self/ego) in Sufi philosophy—the part of the human spirit that is 'predatory' and must be tamed. You can use the word with great precision in academic writing, distinguishing between biological predation and metaphorical rapacity. Your vocabulary is rich enough to use synonyms like 'saffāk' (blood-shedder) or 'darrande' (emphatic form) to add color to your speech. You understand the subtle connotations the word carries in different Iranian cultural eras, from the heroic age to modern political critique.
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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'darande'. You can use it in highly sophisticated wordplay or deep philosophical discourse. You understand its etymological roots in Indo-European languages and how it has evolved in Persian. You can interpret the word's use in contemporary Iranian cinema and art, where it might symbolize the harshness of urban life or the 'law of the jungle' in modern society. You can use the word to critique complex systems, describing them as 'darande' in their efficiency and lack of human empathy. You are able to switch between the literal biological meaning and the most abstract metaphorical layers effortlessly, choosing the word for its specific phonetic and historical resonance in any given context.
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درنده 30秒で

  • Darande means 'predatory' or 'vicious', referring to animals that hunt and tear prey.
  • It comes from the Persian verb 'daridan', which means 'to rip' or 'to tear apart'.
  • While used for animals like lions, it also describes aggressive human behavior metaphorically.
  • Commonly paired with 'heyvān' (animal) or 'khooy' (nature/temperament) in Persian sentences.

The Persian word درنده (darande) is a powerful adjective and noun that primarily describes the biological nature of animals that hunt, kill, and tear apart their prey. Rooted in the verb daridan (to tear or rip), it conveys a sense of raw, primal force. In a literal sense, it refers to predators like lions, wolves, and leopards. However, its usage extends far beyond the animal kingdom, often surfacing in literature, poetry, and modern socio-political discourse to describe ruthless behavior, predatory instincts in humans, or even the destructive nature of certain ideologies.

Biological Classification
In biology, darande distinguishes carnivores that actively hunt from those that might be scavengers or insectivores. It emphasizes the act of 'tearing' (the literal meaning of the root). For example, a lion is the quintessential heyvān-e darande.
Metaphorical Cruelty
When applied to humans, it suggests a lack of mercy or a rapacious desire to exploit others. A 'predatory' businessman or a 'vicious' tyrant might be described using this term to highlight their destructive impact on society.
Literary Weight
In classical Persian poetry, such as the works of Rumi or Saadi, the word often symbolizes the 'lower self' (nafs) which, if left untamed, acts like a wild beast within the human soul.

شیر یکی از قوی‌ترین حیوانات درنده در حیات وحش است.
(The lion is one of the strongest predatory animals in the wild.)

When you encounter this word in a news report, it might be describing a 'vicious attack' (hamleh-ye darandeh) or a 'predatory look' (negāh-e darandeh). The emotional weight is always one of danger and intensity. It is not a word used for small, harmless predators like spiders; it is reserved for creatures that command fear and respect through their physical prowess and lethality. In contemporary Persian, it can also describe the 'cutthroat' nature of competition in urban environments, where people feel they must act like beasts to survive.

او با نگاهی درنده به رقیبش خیره شد.
(He stared at his rival with a predatory gaze.)

Using درنده correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective that follows the noun it modifies via the Ezafe construction. It is most frequently paired with words like heyvān (animal), khooy (temperament), and jangal (forest). Because it ends in 'e' (the silent 'heh'), when adding the Ezafe, we typically add a 'ye' sound (written as 'ی' or represented by a small hamza).

As a Direct Adjective
The most common usage is [Noun] + [Ezafe] + درنده. Example: Gorg-e darande (The predatory wolf). This emphasizes the inherent nature of the animal.
As a Substantive Noun
You can use darandegan (the plural form) to refer to 'predators' as a group. Example: Darandegan-e jangal (The predators of the forest).
In Abstract Contexts
When describing a person's character, it implies a lack of humanity. Example: Khaslat-e darandegi (The quality of being predatory/rapacious).

ما باید از ورود حیوانات درنده به روستا جلوگیری کنیم.
(We must prevent predatory animals from entering the village.)

In complex sentences, darande can be used to create vivid imagery. For instance, in a political speech, one might hear about 'the predatory nature of colonial powers' (māhiyat-e darandeh-ye qodrathā-ye este'māri). Here, the word transcends biology to become a critique of power. Note that it is rarely used for domesticated animals unless they have 'gone wild' or are attacking viciously. A dog that bites might be called darande in the heat of the moment to emphasize its ferocity.

خوی درنده در وجود برخی انسان‌ها نهفته است.
(A predatory nature is hidden within some human beings.)

You will encounter درنده in several distinct environments, ranging from educational settings to the depths of classical literature. Understanding these contexts helps in grasping the word's 'flavor'—which is almost always intense, serious, and slightly dark.

Documentaries and Education
In Persian-dubbed National Geographic or BBC Earth documentaries, the narrator will frequently use darandegan to describe the big cats of Africa or the wolves of the Arctic. It is the standard term for 'predators' in a wildlife context.
Classical Persian Literature
In the Shahnameh (Book of Kings) by Ferdowsi, the word is used to describe both real beasts and the ferocity of warriors on the battlefield. It evokes the 'heroic' but 'deadly' nature of combat.
News and Media
Journalists use the term metaphorically to describe 'predatory pricing' in economics or 'predatory behavior' in social scandals. It signals a violation of social norms through aggression.

مستند دیشب درباره زندگی درندگان آفریقا بود.
(Last night's documentary was about the lives of Africa's predators.)

In everyday conversation, you might hear a parent warning a child about a 'darande' animal in a storybook, or a friend describing a particularly 'vicious' dog they saw in the street. It is also common in religious sermons where the 'animalistic' side of man is contrasted with the 'divine' or 'angelic' side. The word serves as a linguistic boundary between 'civilized' (ensāni) and 'wild/predatory' (darandegi).

او در بازار مثل یک موجود درنده عمل می‌کند.
(He acts like a predatory creature in the market.)

While درنده is a relatively straightforward adjective, learners often confuse it with other terms related to animals and diet. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Persian sound more natural and precise.

Confusing with 'Goosht-khar'
'Goosht-khar' means 'carnivore' (meat-eater). While many darande animals are carnivores, the terms are not identical. A scavenger like a vulture is a 'goosht-khar' but not typically called 'darande' because it doesn't 'tear' live prey in the same predatory way.
Misusing with Small Animals
Learners sometimes call a spider or a small lizard darande. While technically predators, Persian speakers usually reserve this word for larger, more 'fierce' animals. For insects, 'shekārchi' (hunter) is more common.
Ezafe Placement
Remember that darande is an adjective. You must use the Ezafe. Saying 'heyvān darande' is incorrect; it must be 'heyvān-e darande'.

اشتباه: سگ درنده است. درست: آن سگ درنده است.
(Mistake: Dog predatory is. Correct: That dog is predatory.)

Another common error is failing to distinguish between darande (the adjective) and darandegi (the noun/state). If you want to talk about 'predation' as a concept, use darandegi. Also, be careful with the plural: darandegan is for living beings, whereas darandehā is rarely used in formal contexts. Finally, ensure you don't confuse it with darrande (with a tashdid on the 'r'), which is a more archaic or emphatic form, though in modern Persian they are usually the same.

او به جای صفت درنده، از کلمه گیاه‌خوار استفاده کرد که کاملاً اشتباه بود.
(Instead of the adjective 'predatory', he used the word 'herbivore', which was completely wrong.)

To truly master the concept of 'predatory' in Persian, it is helpful to look at its synonyms and related terms. Each has a slightly different nuance that can change the tone of your sentence.

Shekārchi (شکارچی)
Meaning 'hunter'. This is a more general term. A cat is a shekārchi, but you might not call it darande unless it's a large wild cat. Shekārchi can also refer to human hunters.
Vahshi (وحشی)
Meaning 'wild' or 'savage'. While many darande animals are vahshi, a wild animal could be a deer (not predatory). Vahshi describes the lack of domestication, while darande describes the method of eating/killing.
Khoon-khār (خون‌خوار)
Literally 'blood-drinker'. This is much more dramatic and is often used in myths (vampires) or to describe exceptionally cruel tyrants. It is more emotional than the biological darande.

ببر یک درنده است، اما گربه فقط یک شکارچی کوچک است.
(A tiger is a predator, but a cat is just a small hunter.)

In a formal or academic context, you might use ghāratgar (plunderer/predatory) when discussing history or economics. If you want to describe something as 'vicious' without the animal connotation, be-rahm (merciless) is a good alternative. Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the word that fits the specific 'bite' you want your sentence to have.

او به جای استفاده از واژه درنده، از صفت وحشی استفاده کرد.
(Instead of using the word 'predatory', he used the adjective 'wild'.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The suffix '-ande' in Persian is the present participle suffix, similar to '-ing' or '-er' in English, which turns a verb into an agent or adjective. So 'darande' literally means 'the tearer'.

発音ガイド

UK /dæɾænˈde/
US /dærænˈde/
The stress falls on the final syllable: daran-DE.
韻が合う語
پرنده (parande - bird) دونده (davande - runner) خواننده (khānande - singer) نویسنده (nevisande - writer) تابنده (tābande - shining) سازنده (sāzande - builder) فروشنده (forushande - seller) خنده (khande - laugh)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing the final 'e' as a long 'ee' (like 'dandee'). It should be a short 'e' like in 'pet'.
  • Missing the nasal 'n' sound in the second syllable.
  • Pronouncing the 'r' too softly like an English 'r'; it should be a clear tap.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in context due to its frequent use in nature and stories.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct use of Ezafe and understanding of the agentive suffix.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward but requires the tapped 'r'.

リスニング 3/5

Easily confused with other '-ande' words like 'parande' if not paying attention.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

حیوان (animal) وحشی (wild) گوشت (meat) شکار (hunt) دندان (tooth)

次に学ぶ

طعمه (prey) انقراض (extinction) زیست‌گاه (habitat) زنجیره غذایی (food chain) غریزه (instinct)

上級

نفس اماره (commanding self) تنازع بقا (struggle for survival) اکوسیستم (ecosystem)

知っておくべき文法

Present Participle (Agent Noun)

Verb stem (dar-) + -ande = Darande (one who tears).

Ezafe Construction

Heyvān-e darande (The predatory animal).

Pluralization of Agents

Darandegān (Predators) uses the '-ān' suffix for living beings.

Adjective Comparison

Darande-tar (more predatory), Darande-tarin (most predatory).

Substantive Adjectives

Darandegān (The predators) - when the adjective acts as a noun.

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レベル別の例文

1

شیر یک حیوان درنده است.

The lion is a predatory animal.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb.

2

گرگ درنده است.

The wolf is predatory.

Adjective as a predicate.

3

من از حیوانات درنده می‌ترسم.

I am afraid of predatory animals.

Use of 'az' (from/of) with 'tarsidan' (to fear).

4

آیا ببر درنده است؟

Is the tiger predatory?

Simple question structure.

5

حیوان درنده دندان‌های تیز دارد.

The predatory animal has sharp teeth.

Adjective modifying the subject.

6

خرگوش درنده نیست.

The rabbit is not predatory.

Negative 'nist' (is not).

7

آنها حیوانات درنده را دیدند.

They saw the predatory animals.

Direct object with 'rā'.

8

درنده یعنی شکارچی.

Predatory means hunter.

Defining a word simply.

1

در جنگل حیوانات درنده زیادی زندگی می‌کنند.

Many predatory animals live in the forest.

Plurality with 'ziādi' (many).

2

سگ‌های وحشی می‌توانند درنده باشند.

Wild dogs can be predatory.

Modal 'mitavānand' (can).

3

پلنگ یک درنده سریع است.

The leopard is a fast predator.

Multiple adjectives.

4

ما نباید به حیوانات درنده نزدیک شویم.

We should not get close to predatory animals.

Subjunctive mood with 'nabāyad'.

5

این فیلم درباره یک کوسه درنده است.

This movie is about a predatory shark.

Preposition 'darbāre-ye' (about).

6

خرس‌ها هم حیواناتی درنده هستند.

Bears are also predatory animals.

Use of 'ham' (also).

7

نگاه آن حیوان درنده بود.

That animal's gaze was predatory.

Past tense 'bud' (was).

8

او از نزدیک یک درنده را دید.

He saw a predator from up close.

Adverbial phrase 'az nazdik'.

1

نقش درندگان در طبیعت بسیار مهم است.

The role of predators in nature is very important.

Plural 'darandegān'.

2

او با نگاهی درنده به طعمه‌اش خیره شد.

He stared at his prey with a predatory look.

Metaphorical usage.

3

حیوانات درنده معمولاً شب‌ها شکار می‌کنند.

Predatory animals usually hunt at night.

Adverb 'ma'moolan' (usually).

4

تعادل طبیعت به وجود درندگان بستگی دارد.

The balance of nature depends on the existence of predators.

Verb 'bastegi dāshtan' (to depend).

5

در این داستان، گرگ نماد خوی درنده است.

In this story, the wolf is a symbol of a predatory nature.

Noun 'namād' (symbol).

6

برخی انسان‌ها رفتاری درنده دارند.

Some humans have predatory behavior.

Metaphorical application to humans.

7

او از خصلت درندگی متنفر بود.

He hated the quality of being predatory.

Abstract noun 'darandegi'.

8

آیا همه گوشت‌خواران درنده محسوب می‌شوند؟

Are all carnivores considered predatory?

Passive construction 'mahsoob shodan'.

1

سرمایه‌داری لجام‌گسیخته می‌تواند طبیعتی درنده داشته باشد.

Unbridled capitalism can have a predatory nature.

Complex socio-political usage.

2

حیوانات درنده برای بقا مجبور به کشتن هستند.

Predatory animals are forced to kill for survival.

Phrase 'majboor be' (forced to).

3

این مستند به بررسی دقیق درندگان دریایی می‌پردازد.

This documentary deals with a detailed examination of marine predators.

Formal verb 'be ... mi-pardāzad'.

4

او با لحنی درنده و تند صحبت می‌کرد.

He was speaking with a predatory and sharp tone.

Adjective describing 'lahn' (tone).

5

درنده بودن بخشی از غریزه این حیوان است.

Being predatory is part of this animal's instinct.

Gerund-like 'darande budan'.

6

بسیاری از پرندگان نیز در دسته درندگان قرار می‌گیرند.

Many birds also fall into the category of predators.

Phrase 'dar daste-ye ... qarār gereftan'.

7

او از سیاست‌های درنده شرکت‌های بزرگ انتقاد کرد.

He criticized the predatory policies of large corporations.

Adjective modifying 'siāsathā' (policies).

8

حفاظت از درندگان بزرگ برای محیط زیست حیاتی است.

Protecting large predators is vital for the environment.

Infinitive 'hefāzat' (protecting).

1

در ادبیات عرفانی، نفس را به سگی درنده تشبیه می‌کنند.

In mystical literature, the ego is likened to a predatory dog.

Literary 'tashbih kardan' (to liken).

2

خوی درندگی در جهان امروز به شکلی مدرن بازتولید شده است.

The predatory nature has been reproduced in a modern form in today's world.

Passive 'bāztolid shode ast'.

3

او در تحلیل خود، به ماهیت درنده قدرت اشاره کرد.

In his analysis, he pointed to the predatory nature of power.

Prepositional phrase 'be ... eshāre kard'.

4

اشعار او سرشار از تصاویر حیوانات درنده و خون‌خوار است.

His poems are full of images of predatory and bloodthirsty animals.

Phrase 'sarshār az' (full of).

5

تجاوز به حقوق دیگران، مصداق بارز رفتار درنده است.

Violating others' rights is a clear example of predatory behavior.

Formal 'mesdāq-e bārez' (clear example).

6

درندگان با از بین بردن ضعیف‌ترها، به سلامت گله کمک می‌کنند.

Predators help the health of the herd by eliminating the weaker ones.

Gerund 'az bin bordan' (eliminating).

7

او با مهار خصلت‌های درنده خود به آرامش رسید.

He achieved peace by curbing his predatory traits.

Infinitive 'mahār' (curbing/controlling).

8

فلسفه هابز بر این فرض استوار است که انسان برای انسان درنده است.

Hobbes' philosophy is based on the assumption that man is a predator to man.

Philosophical 'bar in farz ostovār ast'.

1

دیالکتیک میان تمدن و غرایز درنده بشری در این رمان مشهود است.

The dialectic between civilization and human predatory instincts is evident in this novel.

Academic 'diālektik'.

2

ساختار درنده اقتصاد جهانی منجر به شکاف طبقاتی عمیق شده است.

The predatory structure of the global economy has led to a deep class divide.

Complex noun phrase.

3

او با نگاهی پدیدارشناسانه به مفهوم درندگی در حیات وحش نگریست.

He looked at the concept of predation in the wild with a phenomenological gaze.

Adverb 'padidarshenāsāne'.

4

در سینمای نوآر، شهر اغلب به مثابه موجودی درنده تصویر می‌شود.

In noir cinema, the city is often depicted as a predatory entity.

Simile 'be masābe-ye' (as/like).

5

تقابل میان بره معصوم و گرگ درنده، بن‌مایه بسیاری از اساطیر است.

The contrast between the innocent lamb and the predatory wolf is the motif of many myths.

Noun 'bon-māye' (motif).

6

قدرت‌های امپریالیستی با رویکردی درنده به منابع کشورهای دیگر می‌نگرند.

Imperialist powers look at the resources of other countries with a predatory approach.

Political terminology.

7

او در رساله خود، ریشه‌های بیولوژیک خشونت درنده را واکاوی کرد.

In his treatise, he analyzed the biological roots of predatory violence.

Verb 'vākāvi kardan' (to analyze/dissect).

8

استعاره درنده در زبان فارسی، باری فراتر از توصیف فیزیکی دارد.

The metaphor of 'predatory' in the Persian language carries a weight beyond physical description.

Linguistic analysis.

よく使う組み合わせ

حیوان درنده
خوی درنده
نگاه درنده
درندگان جنگل
ماهیت درنده
حمله درنده
دندان‌های درنده
دنیای درندگان
رفتار درنده
پنجه‌های درنده

よく使うフレーズ

مثل حیوان درنده

— Acting with extreme violence or lack of control.

او مثل حیوان درنده به دشمن حمله کرد.

درندگان و چرندگان

— Predators and grazers; a way to describe all animals.

در این دشت، درندگان و چرندگان در کنار هم هستند.

خصلت درندگی

— The characteristic of being predatory.

خصلت درندگی در برخی سیاست‌ها دیده می‌شود.

پنجه درنده

— The claw of a predator; symbolizes danger.

او از پنجه درنده فقر رها شد.

قانون درندگان

— The law of the jungle; survival of the fittest.

در این بازار، قانون درندگان حاکم است.

صدای درنده

— A fierce, growling sound.

صدای درنده سگ همه را ترساند.

چهره درنده

— A fierce or menacing face.

او چهره درنده خود را پشت نقاب پنهان کرد.

قدرت درنده

— Raw, destructive power.

قدرت درنده طوفان خانه‌ها را خراب کرد.

نسل درندگان

— The lineage or species of predators.

این نسل از درندگان در حال انقراض است.

کمین درنده

— The ambush of a predator.

درنده در کمین طعمه نشسته بود.

よく混同される語

درنده vs پرنده (parande)

Only one letter difference (p vs d). Parande means bird, Darande means predator.

درنده vs چرنده (charande)

Charande means grazer/herbivore. It is the exact opposite of darande in the food chain.

درنده vs درنده (darande) vs دریده (daride)

Daride means 'torn' or metaphorically 'shameless/foul-mouthed'.

慣用句と表現

"گرگ درنده شدن"

— To become ruthless or vicious in a situation.

وقتی پای پول وسط آمد، او گرگ درنده شد.

Informal
"خوی درندگی داشتن"

— To have a cruel or predatory temperament.

بعضی‌ها ذاتا خوی درندگی دارند.

Neutral
"درنده و گزنده"

— Predatory and stinging; refers to all sorts of dangerous animals.

از جانوران درنده و گزنده دوری کن.

Literary
"دندان درنده تیز کردن"

— To prepare to attack or exploit someone.

دشمن برای این خاک دندان درنده تیز کرده است.

Formal
"به چنگال درنده افتادن"

— To fall into the hands of someone ruthless.

او به چنگال درنده یک کلاهبردار افتاد.

Neutral
"درندگی کردن"

— To act violently or without mercy.

او در حق دوستانش درندگی کرد.

Neutral
"خواب درنده"

— A light, alert sleep (like a predator).

او همیشه خواب درنده دارد و با کوچکترین صدا بیدار می‌شود.

Informal
"چشم درنده"

— Sharp, predatory eyes that miss nothing.

با چشم درنده همه چیز را زیر نظر داشت.

Neutral
"پوست درنده پوشیدن"

— To act tough or fierce to hide weakness.

او پوست درنده پوشیده اما قلب مهربانی دارد.

Poetic
"درنده خو"

— Someone with a predatory nature (adjective).

او مردی درنده خو و مستبد بود.

Literary

間違えやすい

درنده vs گوشت‌خوار

Both relate to eating meat.

Goosht-khār is a dietary classification (carnivore), while darande is a behavioral description (predatory/tearing).

Vultures are carnivores (goosht-khār) but not usually called predators (darande).

درنده vs وحشی

Both describe wild animals.

Vahshi means wild (not tame), while darande means predatory. A wild rabbit is vahshi but not darande.

Ahu vahshi ast vali darande nist.

درنده vs شکارچی

Both involve hunting.

Shekārchi is a general 'hunter' (could be a human with a gun), while darande implies an animal hunting with its body.

The man is a shekārchi, the lion is a darande.

درنده vs خون‌خوار

Both imply violence.

Khoon-khār (bloodthirsty) is more emotional and used for extreme cruelty, whereas darande can be a neutral biological term.

The tyrant was bloodthirsty (khoon-khār).

درنده vs مهاجم

Both involve attacking.

Mohājem means attacker or aggressor, used in sports or war. Darande is specifically for predatory nature.

The mohājem player scored a goal.

文型パターン

A1

[Animal] [darande] ast.

Sher darande ast.

A2

In [heyvān-e darande] [adjective] ast.

In heyvān-e darande bozorg ast.

B1

[Darandegān] dar [place] zendegi mikonand.

Darandegān dar jangal zendegi mikonand.

B2

Be dalil-e [darande] budan, in heyvān...

Be dalil-e darande budan, in heyvān khatarnāk ast.

C1

[Noun] namād-e [darandegi] ast.

Gorg namād-e darandegi ast.

C2

Māhiyat-e [darande-ye] [abstract noun]...

Māhiyat-e darande-ye qodrat...

Any

Az [heyvān-e darande] betars!

Az mārgir-e darande betars!

Any

Darande dar kamine.

Darande dar kamine.

語族

名詞

درندگی (darandegi - predation/fierceness)
درندگان (darandegān - predators)
دریدگی (daridegi - being torn/shamelessness)

動詞

دریدن (daridan - to tear/rip)
پاره کردن (pāre kardan - to tear)

形容詞

درنده (darande - predatory)
دریده (daride - torn/vocal and rude)
دران (darrān - tearing/fierce)

関連

شکار (shekār - hunt)
طعمه (to'me - prey)
پنجه (panje - claw)
نیش (nish - fang/sting)
وحشی (vahshi - wild)
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使い方

frequency

Common in educational, literary, and news contexts.

よくある間違い
  • Parande (bird) instead of Darande (predator). → Darande

    The first letter 'D' vs 'P' changes the meaning entirely.

  • Heyvān darande (missing Ezafe). → Heyvān-e darande

    Persian adjectives need the Ezafe link to the noun.

  • Using 'darande' for a spider. → Shekārchi

    'Darande' is usually for larger, more fierce mammals or sharks.

  • Darandehā in a formal essay. → Darandegān

    The '-ān' plural is preferred for living beings in formal writing.

  • Confusing 'darande' with 'daride'. → Darande

    'Daride' means torn or shameless; 'darande' means predatory.

ヒント

The Tearing Teeth

Associate 'Darande' with 'Dandān' (tooth). Predatory animals use their teeth to tear.

Metaphorical Bite

Use 'darande' when you want to describe someone's behavior as not just mean, but actively seeking to destroy others.

Suffix Power

Notice the '-ande' suffix. It's the same as in 'nevisande' (writer). It means the word is an 'actor' word.

Beyond Carnivore

Remember that every 'darande' is a carnivore, but not every carnivore is a 'darande' (like scavengers).

Shahnameh Spirit

If you read the Shahnameh, look for this word to describe the ferocity of the heroes.

The Tapped R

Make sure your 'r' is a quick tap, not a long roll, to sound like a native speaker.

Context Clues

If you hear 'darande', expect to hear words like 'khatarnāk' (dangerous) or 'vashhi' (wild) nearby.

Plural Choice

Always use 'darandegān' in formal essays for a more professional tone.

Darande vs Parande

Be careful! Changing 'D' to 'P' turns a predator into a bird. Don't call a lion a 'parande'!

Nafs-e Darande

In philosophy, use 'nafs-e darande' to discuss the aggressive part of the human ego.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the word 'DAR' as 'DA-Ripping'. A 'DAR-ande' is an animal that is 'Ripping' its prey apart. The 'ande' part is like 'and'—it's a predator *and* it's dangerous.

視覚的連想

Imagine a lion with its mouth open, showing sharp teeth. The teeth look like the Persian letter 'د' (Dal) and 'ر' (Re) in the word 'darande'.

Word Web

Lion Wolf Tiger Teeth Claws Hunt Meat Forest

チャレンジ

Write three sentences: one about a lion, one about a shark, and one about a 'predatory' businessman using 'darande'.

語源

From the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) root 'darr-' meaning to tear or split. It is connected to the Proto-Indo-European root *der-, which also gave rise to the English word 'tear'.

元の意味： One who tears or rips apart.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian

文化的な背景

Be careful when calling a person 'darande'; it is a very strong insult implying they are sub-human or animalistic in their cruelty.

English speakers use 'predatory' for both biology and behavior, just like Persian. However, 'darande' is more visceral and implies physical tearing.

Rumi's Masnavi (often compares the ego to a darande beast) The Shahnameh (warriors described as darande lions) Modern Iranian wildlife documentaries

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実際の使用場面

Wildlife / Biology

  • چرخه زندگی درندگان
  • حفاظت از درندگان
  • شکار توسط درنده
  • درندگان راس هرم

Literature / Poetry

  • خوی درندگی انسان
  • سگ درنده نفس
  • شیر درنده بیشه
  • درنده و گزنده

Business / Politics

  • سیاست‌های درنده
  • رقابت درنده
  • نگاه درنده به بازار
  • سرمایه‌داری درنده

News / Safety

  • حمله حیوان درنده
  • هشدار درباره درندگان
  • ورود درنده به شهر
  • کشته شدن توسط درنده

Metaphorical / Character

  • آدم درنده
  • اخلاق درنده
  • صورت درنده
  • قلب درنده

会話のきっかけ

"آیا تا به حال یک حیوان درنده را از نزدیک دیده‌ای؟ (Have you ever seen a predatory animal from up close?)"

"به نظر تو کدام حیوان درنده از همه ترسناک‌تر است؟ (In your opinion, which predator is the scariest?)"

"چرا وجود درندگان برای طبیعت لازم است؟ (Why is the existence of predators necessary for nature?)"

"آیا انسان‌ها ذاتا درنده هستند یا مهربان؟ (Are humans inherently predatory or kind?)"

"در داستان‌های کودکی تو، کدام درنده شخصیت اصلی بود؟ (In your childhood stories, which predator was the main character?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره زمانی بنویسید که با یک حیوان درنده (حتی یک سگ عصبانی) روبرو شدید. (Write about a time you encountered a predatory animal.)

آیا فکر می‌کنید دنیای مدرن باعث شده انسان‌ها درنده‌خو شوند؟ (Do you think the modern world has made humans predatory?)

نقش درندگان را در زنجیره غذایی توصیف کنید. (Describe the role of predators in the food chain.)

اگر می‌توانستید یک درنده باشید، کدام حیوان را انتخاب می‌کردید؟ چرا؟ (If you could be a predator, which animal would you choose? Why?)

چگونه می‌توان خوی درندگی را در وجود خود مهار کرد؟ (How can one curb the predatory nature within themselves?)

よくある質問

10 問

Primarily, yes. However, it is frequently used metaphorically for people, systems, or behaviors that are ruthless and predatory. For example, 'predatory pricing' in business.

Shekārchi is 'hunter' (general), while darande is 'predatory' (specific to tearing/killing). A bird of prey is both, but a human hunter is only a shekārchi.

In formal Persian, use 'darandegān'. In informal speech, you might hear 'darandehā'.

In biology, it's neutral. When applied to humans, it is almost always negative, implying cruelty or greed.

Usually, no. It's reserved for larger, more fierce animals like tigers. A cat is a 'shekārchi' (hunter).

The root is 'daridan' (to tear). The '-ande' suffix makes it 'one who tears'.

Yes, very often. It usually represents the lower, animalistic instincts of man that need to be controlled.

Yes, a shark is a classic example of a 'darande-ye daryā' (sea predator).

Ahli (domesticated) or giāh-khār (herbivore) depending on the context.

In modern Persian, it's 'darande'. The double 'r' (tashdid) is sometimes used for emphasis in literature but is not standard now.

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自分をテスト 180 問

writing

Write a sentence about a tiger using 'darande'.

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writing

Describe a person with a 'predatory look'.

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writing

Explain the importance of predators in nature.

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writing

Compare 'darande' and 'shekārchi'.

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writing

Write a short paragraph about the word's etymology.

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speaking

Say 'The predatory lion' in Persian.

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speaking

Pronounce 'Darandegān' correctly.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'darande' to describe a scary dog.

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speaking

Discuss the 'law of the jungle' using 'darande'.

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speaking

Explain a 'predatory gaze' in Persian.

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listening

Listen and identify the word: 'درنده'.

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listening

Which word sounds like 'darande'? (parande, darande, charande)

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listening

Identify the adjective in: 'پلنگ یک درنده ماهر است.'

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listening

Is the speaker talking about a bird or a predator? (Context: hunt, meat, forest)

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listening

What is the tone of the word 'darande' in the sentence?

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writing

Use 'darande' metaphorically for a storm.

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writing

Write a sentence: 'The shark is a sea predator.'

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speaking

Say: 'Wolves are predators.'

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listening

Does 'darande' rhyme with 'khande'?

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writing

Sentence: 'He has a predatory nature.'

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writing

Translate: 'Predatory behavior'.

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speaking

Pronounce 'Darandegi'.

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writing

Sentence: 'The predator is in the cave.'

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writing

Translate: 'Predators of Africa'.

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speaking

Use 'darande' in a question.

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writing

Sentence about a 'vicious' attack.

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writing

Translate: 'The law of predators'.

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speaking

Say: 'I am afraid of predators.'

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writing

Write: 'Predatory species'.

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writing

Translate: 'Predatory forest'.

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speaking

Say: 'Wild and predatory'.

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writing

Translate: 'The predatory wolf'.

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writing

Translate: 'Predators are dangerous.'

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writing

Translate: 'A predatory look'.

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writing

Translate: 'Predatory nature'.

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writing

Translate: 'Africa's predators'.

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speaking

Say 'darande'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say 'Sher-e darande'.

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speaking

Say 'Darandegān'.

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speaking

Say 'Khoo-ye darande'.

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speaking

Say 'Māhiyat-e darande'.

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listening

Identify 'darande'.

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listening

Identify 'darandegān'.

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listening

Identify 'darandegi'.

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listening

Identify 'daride'.

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listening

Identify 'charande'.

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writing

Write 'predator'.

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writing

Write 'Predatory' in Persian.

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writing

Write 'Predators' in Persian.

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writing

Write 'Predatory look' in Persian.

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writing

Write 'Predatory nature' in Persian.

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writing

Write 'Predatory animal' in Persian.

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speaking

Say 'Sher'.

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speaking

Say 'Darande'.

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speaking

Say 'Gorg'.

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speaking

Say 'Babr'.

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speaking

Say 'Palang'.

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/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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