At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the concept of 'when' primarily through the word 'وقتی' (vaghti). However, 'هنگامی که' is introduced as a slightly more 'bookish' version. A1 students should focus on the basic structure: 'Hengami ke' + [Simple Sentence]. For example, 'Hengami ke baran mi-ayad' (When it rains). At this stage, the goal is simply to recognize the word in reading and understand that it connects two events in time. Learners should practice using it with simple present and simple past verbs. It is important to emphasize that 'ke' must always be there. Think of it as a fixed phrase 'Hengami-ke' that means 'When'. Don't worry too much about the formal nuances yet; just see it as a synonym for 'vaghti' that you might see in your textbook or hear in a slow, clear news report for learners. Focus on the word order: the 'when' part usually comes first, followed by a comma (in thought) and then the main action. For example: 'When I eat, I am happy.' In Persian: 'Hengami ke ghaza mikhoram, khoshhal hastam.' This simple pattern is the foundation for all future complex sentences.
At the A2 level, you are expected to use 'هنگامی که' to describe everyday routines and past events with more detail. You should start distinguishing between the informal 'vaghti' and the more formal 'هنگامی که'. This is the stage where you learn to use it with the past continuous to describe background actions, such as 'Hengami ke dars mikhandam, telefon zang zad' (When/While I was studying, the phone rang). You should also be comfortable using it with the imperative for giving instructions: 'Hengami ke be khane rasidi, dast-hayat ra beshoo' (When you reach home, wash your hands). Notice the use of the present subjunctive 'rasidi' (which looks like the past but functions as a future-oriented subjunctive in this context). A2 learners should also begin to notice 'هنگامی که' in short stories and news headlines. It helps you move away from short, choppy sentences like 'I went home. It rained.' to more fluid ones like 'When I went home, it rained.' This transition is crucial for reaching intermediate proficiency. You should also practice placing the 'هنگامی که' clause at the end of the sentence to see how it shifts the focus of the information.
Intermediate (B1) learners should use 'هنگامی که' to express more complex temporal relationships and hypothetical scenarios. At this level, you should master the use of the present subjunctive in the subordinate clause for future events. For example, 'Hengami ke barande shavam, yek mashin mikharam' (When I win, I will buy a car). You should also be able to use it in more formal writing, such as emails to a professor or a job application. B1 is where you start to appreciate the 'weight' of the word. It’s not just 'when'; it’s 'at the juncture that'. You should also be able to handle sentences with multiple clauses, where 'هنگامی که' provides the primary temporal anchor. For instance, 'Hengami ke dar mored-e in mozoo tahghigh mikardam, motevajjeh shodam ke dade-ha eshtebah hastand' (While I was researching this subject, I realized that the data was wrong). This level of complexity requires a solid grasp of tense harmony and the ability to maintain the narrative thread across several verbs. You should also start to recognize the word in classical poetry and understand its rhythmic and emotional function.
At the B2 level, 'هنگامی که' becomes a tool for nuanced argumentation and sophisticated storytelling. You should be able to use it to contrast different time periods or to set a specific historical or social context. For example, 'Hengami ke jame'e dar hal-e gozar bud, nevisandegan naghsh-e mohemmi dashtand' (When society was in transition, writers played an important role). You should also be able to use the more formal variant 'به هنگامی که' (be hengāmi ke) in academic essays. At B2, you should also understand the subtle difference between 'هنگامی که' and 'در حالی که' (while/whereas) and choose the one that best fits your rhetorical goal. You are expected to read long articles and listen to complex lectures where 'هنگامی که' is used to structure the logic of the presentation. Your own use of the word should be natural and correctly placed within the formal register. You should also be able to identify and correct errors in tense harmony or clause structure in your own writing and that of others. This is the stage where 'هنگامی که' is no longer a 'new word' but a versatile instrument in your linguistic orchestra.
Advanced (C1) learners use 'هنگامی که' with total precision, often in the context of literary analysis, legal drafting, or high-level political discourse. You should be able to appreciate the etymological roots of 'hengām' and how it relates to other Indo-European words for time and season. In your writing, 'هنگامی که' should be used to create a specific rhythm and tone. You might use it to evoke a sense of 'kairos'—the opportune or right moment—as opposed to just 'chronos' or chronological time. For example, in a philosophical essay: 'Hengami ke kharad bar ehsas ghalabe mikonad...' (When reason triumphs over emotion...). You should also be able to understand and use 'هنگامی که' in the context of classical Persian prose, where it might be part of long, flowing sentences with multiple nested clauses. At this level, you should also be aware of how 'هنگامی که' has been used by famous Persian poets and thinkers to discuss the nature of time itself. Your ability to use this word correctly in highly specialized contexts, such as a legal contract or a scientific paper, is a hallmark of C1 proficiency.
At the C2 level, your mastery of 'هنگامی که' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You use it effortlessly in all registers, but you particularly excel in its use within the highest literary and academic contexts. You can discuss the stylistic choices of different authors in their use of temporal conjunctions. You might analyze how a poet uses 'هنگامی که' to create a sense of longing or inevitability. In your own creative or academic writing, you use the word to achieve perfect clarity and aesthetic balance. You are also capable of translating complex English sentences involving 'when,' 'whenever,' 'at which point,' and 'whilst' into the most appropriate Persian equivalent, often choosing 'هنگامی که' for its formal elegance. You understand the historical evolution of the word from Middle Persian and can recognize its cognates in other Iranian languages. For a C2 learner, 'هنگامی که' is not just a conjunction; it is a piece of the vast mosaic of Persian history and culture that you can manipulate with skill and artistry to express the most subtle shades of meaning.

هنگامی که 30秒で

  • A formal conjunction meaning 'when' or 'at the time that'.
  • Used primarily in written Persian, news, and formal speeches.
  • Requires the particle 'ke' to function as a conjunction.
  • Helps structure complex sentences by establishing a temporal context.

The Persian conjunction هنگامی که (hengāmi ke) is a sophisticated and essential temporal marker used to establish a specific point in time when an action occurs. In English, it is most directly translated as 'when,' 'at the time that,' or 'whilst.' While the more common word for 'when' in everyday spoken Persian is وقتی که (vaghti ke), هنگامی که carries a slightly more formal, literary, and precise tone. It is the kind of word you will encounter frequently in news broadcasts, academic literature, classical poetry, and formal speeches. Understanding this word is a gateway to moving from basic conversational Persian to a more refined and professional level of fluency. It functions as a subordinating conjunction, meaning it links a subordinate clause (the 'when' part) to a main clause. The word itself is a compound: هنگام (hengām) meaning 'time,' 'season,' or 'period,' combined with the relative particle که (ke) which acts as 'that.' Together, they literally mean 'at the time that.'

Grammatical Category
Subordinating Conjunction of Time
Register
Formal, Literary, and Standard Written Persian
English Equivalents
When, at the moment that, during the time which

هنگامی که خورشید طلوع می‌کند، پرندگان شروع به آواز خواندن می‌کنند. هنگامی که.

In the example above, the speaker is setting a formal scene. Using هنگامی که instead of وقتی elevates the sentence, making it sound more descriptive and intentional. This word is particularly useful when you want to emphasize the exact moment or the duration of an event in a narrative. It allows the speaker to anchor the listener in a specific temporal context. For instance, in historical accounts, you might hear 'Hengami ke Shah be Iran amad' (When the Shah came to Iran). It provides a sense of gravity and importance to the timing of the event. Furthermore, it is often used in legal and technical documents to define conditions. For example, 'Hengami ke gharardad emza shavad...' (When the contract is signed...). This precision is why it remains a staple of the Persian language despite the existence of simpler alternatives.

هنگامی که به خانه رسیدم، باران تندی شروع شد. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که دانش‌آموزان وارد کلاس شدند، معلم به آن‌ها خوش‌آمد گفت. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که به آسمان نگاه می‌کنم، احساس آرامش می‌کنم. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که پروژه تمام شود، ما جشن خواهیم گرفت. هنگامی که.

Ultimately, mastering 'هنگامی که' allows you to navigate the spectrum of Persian formality. It is not just a word; it is a tool for storytelling, precise reporting, and poetic expression. By using it, you signal to your interlocutor that you are not just a beginner, but someone who appreciates the nuances of the Persian language.

Using هنگامی که correctly requires an understanding of Persian sentence structure, particularly the relationship between dependent and independent clauses. In Persian, the 'when' clause (the subordinate clause) usually comes before the main clause, although this can be reversed for stylistic emphasis. The structure typically follows: [هنگامی که + Subject + Verb (Subordinate)], [Subject + Verb (Main)]. One of the most critical aspects to master is tense harmony. If the action in the 'when' clause is a general truth or a habitual action, the present indicative is used. If the action happened in the past, the past tense is used. If the action is a condition for a future event, the present subjunctive is often employed in the subordinate clause, while the main clause uses the future or imperative.

Rule 1: Clause Order
The 'هنگامی که' clause usually starts the sentence to provide context.
Rule 2: The Particle 'که'
The word 'که' must always follow 'هنگام' when it acts as a conjunction. Removing it changes the meaning to 'at the time of' (a prepositional phrase).
Rule 3: Tense Harmony
Ensure the verb in the 'هنگامی که' clause matches the temporal logic of the main clause.

هنگامی که او را دیدم، بسیار خوشحال شدم. هنگامی که.

Let's look at the past tense usage. In the sentence 'Hengami ke u ra didam...' (When I saw him...), both verbs are in the simple past because the seeing and the feeling of happiness happened simultaneously in the past. Now, consider a future or conditional context: 'Hengami ke be Tehran berasi, ba man tamas begir' (When you reach Tehran, call me). Here, 'berasi' is in the present subjunctive because the arrival hasn't happened yet, and 'tamas begir' is an imperative. This distinction is vital for A2 and B1 learners. Another nuance is the placement of 'هنگامی که' in the middle of a sentence: 'Man dar hal-e motale'e budam, hengami ke bargh raft' (I was studying when the power went out). This emphasizes the interruption of the main action.

هنگامی که در حال رانندگی هستید، نباید از تلفن همراه استفاده کنید. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که باران می‌بارد، زمین خیس می‌شود. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که مطالعه می‌کنی، چراغ را روشن کن. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که به مقصد رسیدیم، خسته بودیم. هنگامی که.

Finally, remember that 'هنگامی که' can be used to express 'while' or 'during'. For example, 'Hengami ke dars mikhandam, musighi goosh midaham' (While I study, I listen to music). This versatility makes it an indispensable part of your Persian grammatical toolkit. Practice by substituting it into sentences where you would normally use 'vaghti' to see how it changes the tone and feel of your speech.

In the real world, هنگامی که is a marker of prestige and education. If you turn on the evening news on IRIB or BBC Persian, you will hear the anchors using this conjunction to describe events. For example, 'Hengami ke vazir-e khareje vared-e foroodgah shod...' (When the Foreign Minister entered the airport...). It provides a structured, professional narrative flow that 'vaghti' sometimes lacks in a journalistic context. In the realm of literature, from the classical works of Saadi and Hafez to modern novelists like Sadegh Hedayat, 'هنگامی که' is used to paint vivid temporal pictures. It evokes a sense of time that is more than just a clock-tick; it is an era, a moment of significance. You will also find it in academic textbooks, where precise timing is required to explain scientific processes or historical developments.

Context: News Media
Used to report events chronologically with a professional tone.
Context: Literature
Used for descriptive storytelling and setting the mood.
Context: Legal/Official
Used in contracts and laws to specify when certain conditions apply.

هنگامی که دولت لایحه جدید را تصویب کرد، مردم واکنش نشان دادند. هنگامی که.

In everyday conversation, you might not hear a teenager say 'هنگامی که' to their friend while playing video games—they would almost certainly use 'vaghti'. However, that same teenager would use 'هنگامی که' in a school essay or when speaking to a teacher or an elder to show respect and linguistic competence. It is also common in dubbed movies or high-quality Persian cinema, where the dialogue is crafted to be more expressive. In religious sermons or philosophical discourses, 'هنگامی که' is used to discuss timeless truths or the 'time' of spiritual awakening. For instance, 'Hengami ke ensan be khod-shenasi mi-rasad...' (When a human reaches self-knowledge...). This usage elevates the subject matter from the mundane to the profound.

هنگامی که خورشید در افق پدیدار گشت، کاروان حرکت کرد. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که به موسیقی سنتی گوش می‌دهم، یاد خاطرات گذشته می‌افتم. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که بهار می‌آید، طبیعت دوباره زنده می‌شود. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که در کنفرانس سخنرانی می‌کردم، همه با دقت گوش می‌دادند. هنگامی که.

By paying attention to these contexts, you will begin to feel the 'weight' of the word. It is more than just a grammatical link; it is a stylistic choice that reflects the speaker's intent and the importance of the moment being described.

Learning هنگامی که involves avoiding several common pitfalls that English speakers and early Persian learners often encounter. The most frequent mistake is omitting the که (ke). In English, 'when' is a single word, but in Persian, the conjunction requires the relative particle to function correctly. Saying just 'Hengam man raftam' is grammatically incorrect and sounds like 'Time I went.' Another common error is confusing هنگامی که with the noun هنگام or the prepositional phrase در هنگامِ. While 'Hengami ke' is followed by a full clause (subject + verb), 'Dar hengam-e' must be followed by a noun or a gerund (e.g., 'Dar hengam-e safar' - During the trip).

Mistake 1: Missing 'که'
Incorrect: هنگامی باران آمد... Correct: هنگامی که باران آمد...
Mistake 2: Tense Mismatch
Using the wrong tense in the subordinate clause, such as using future tense instead of present subjunctive.
Mistake 3: Overusing in Informal Speech
Using 'هنگامی که' in a very casual setting can sound overly stiff or robotic.

هنگامی که او آمد، من رفته بودم. (Correct past perfect usage) هنگامی که.

A subtle mistake involves the word order within the subordinate clause. Learners sometimes try to translate English word order directly, but in Persian, the verb must always come at the end of the clause. For example, 'When I see you' should be 'Hengami ke shoma ra mibinam,' not 'Hengami ke mibinam shoma ra.' Additionally, some learners confuse 'هنگامی که' with 'چون' (because) or 'اگر' (if) in complex sentences. While 'when' can sometimes imply a condition, 'هنگامی که' is strictly temporal. If you mean 'if,' use 'agar.' If you mean 'since/because,' use 'chon' or 'az anja ke.'

هنگامی که خسته هستی، استراحت کن. (Correct imperative usage) هنگامی که.

هنگامی که به شهر رسیدیم، شب شده بود. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که سوالی دارید، بپرسید. هنگامی که.

هنگامی که بچه بودم، در این کوچه بازی می‌کردم. هنگامی که.

Lastly, be careful with the 'i' (ی) at the end of 'Hengami'. This is not an Ezafe; it is a 'ya-ye nesbat' or a relative 'i' that turns the noun into a conjunctional form. Pronouncing it as a short 'e' (Ezafe) is a common mistake that changes the grammatical feel of the word.

Persian is rich with temporal conjunctions, and knowing when to use هنگامی که versus its alternatives is key to fluency. The most direct synonym is وقتی که (vaghti ke). While they are interchangeable in meaning, 'vaghti' is the workhorse of spoken Persian. If you are talking to a friend about when you went to the store, use 'vaghti'. If you are writing a report about when the economic crisis began, use 'هنگامی که'. Another alternative is زمانی که (zamāni ke), which literally means 'at the time that'. This is very similar to 'هنگامی که' in formality and is often used as a stylistic variant to avoid repetition in long texts.

وقتی که (Vaghti ke)
The common, everyday word for 'when'. Best for informal and neutral speech.
زمانی که (Zamāni ke)
A formal alternative, focusing slightly more on the 'period' or 'era'.
موقعی که (Moghe'i ke)
Similar to 'when', but often refers to a specific 'occasion' or 'instance'.

زمانی که در دانشگاه بودم، سخت درس می‌خواندم. (Alternative using Zamāni ke) زمانی که.

For more specific timing, you might use به محض اینکه (be mahz-e inke), which means 'as soon as'. This is more urgent than 'هنگامی که'. If you want to say 'while' in a more continuous sense, در حالی که (dar hāli ke) is an excellent choice, though it can also mean 'whereas' in contrastive sentences. In classical or very high-literary Persian, you might encounter چون (chon) used as 'when' (e.g., 'Chon amad...' - When he came...), but this is rare in modern speech and usually means 'because'. Understanding these differences allows you to choose the exact 'flavor' of time you want to convey.

وقتی که باران بند آمد، بیرون رفتیم. (Informal alternative) وقتی که.

موقعی که زنگ زد، من خواب بودم. (Occasion-based alternative) موقعی که.

در حالی که او حرف می‌زد، من یادداشت برمی‌داشتم. (Continuous alternative) در حالی که.

به محض اینکه نامه را دریافت کردم، پاسخ دادم. (Urgent alternative) به محض اینکه.

By mastering these synonyms, you gain the ability to adjust your register according to your audience, whether you are chatting with a neighbor or presenting at a formal conference.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'Hengam' is also the name of a beautiful island in the Persian Gulf, known for its dolphins and traditional culture.

発音ガイド

UK /hen.ɡɒː.miː ke/
US /hen.ɡɑː.miː ke/
The primary stress is on the second syllable of 'Hengām' (GĀM).
韻が合う語
آرامی (Ārāmi) نامی (Nāmi) کامی (Kāmi) گرامی (Gerāmi) دامی (Dāmi) بامی (Bāmi) جامی (Jāmi) خامی (Khāmi)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'Hengami' as 'Hengame' (short e instead of long i).
  • Dropping the 'h' sound entirely.
  • Over-stressing the particle 'ke'.
  • Pronouncing 'Hengam' like 'Hang-am' in English.
  • Merging 'Hengami' and 'ke' into one word without a slight pause.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts once you know 'Hengam' and 'ke'.

ライティング 4/5

Requires careful attention to tense harmony and formal register.

スピーキング 3/5

Easy to use, but must be used in the right social context to sound natural.

リスニング 2/5

Clearly pronounced in formal speech and news.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

وقت زمان که بودن رفتن

次に学ぶ

در حالی که به محض اینکه چنانچه با وجود اینکه

上級

آنگاه باری لاجرم فی‌الفور

知っておくべき文法

Subordinating Conjunctions

هنگامی که (when), چون (because), اگر (if).

Tense Harmony (Past)

هنگامی که آمد (Past), من رفتم (Past).

Tense Harmony (Future)

هنگامی که بیاید (Subjunctive), من خواهم رفت (Future).

Relative Clause with 'ke'

کتابی که خریدم... (The book that I bought...)

Compound Verbs

هنگامی که شروع به کار کرد... (When he started to work...)

レベル別の例文

1

هنگامی که باران می‌بارد، من چتر برمی‌دارم.

When it rains, I take an umbrella.

Simple present tense in both clauses.

2

هنگامی که گرسنه هستم، غذا می‌خورم.

When I am hungry, I eat food.

Subject 'I' is implied in the verb endings.

3

هنگامی که به خانه می‌روم، استراحت می‌کنم.

When I go home, I rest.

Use of the present continuous 'mi-ravam' for habitual action.

4

هنگامی که خورشید می‌تابد، هوا گرم است.

When the sun shines, the weather is warm.

Describing a general truth.

5

هنگامی که او را می‌بینم، سلام می‌کنم.

When I see him/her, I say hello.

Direct object 'u ra' (him/her).

6

هنگامی که شب می‌شود، می‌خوابم.

When it becomes night, I sleep.

Temporal change using 'shodan' (to become).

7

هنگامی که چای می‌نوشم، کتاب می‌خوانم.

When I drink tea, I read a book.

Two simultaneous habitual actions.

8

هنگامی که معلم می‌آید، ما ساکت می‌شویم.

When the teacher comes, we become quiet.

Plural subject 'ma' (we).

1

هنگامی که در تهران بودم، به بازار رفتم.

When I was in Tehran, I went to the bazaar.

Simple past tense for a completed action.

2

هنگامی که بچه بودم، فوتبال بازی می‌کردم.

When I was a child, I used to play football.

Past continuous 'mi-kardam' for a habitual past action.

3

هنگامی که فیلم تمام شد، چراغ‌ها روشن شدند.

When the movie finished, the lights turned on.

Sequential actions in the past.

4

هنگامی که به ایستگاه رسیدم، قطار رفته بود.

When I reached the station, the train had left.

Past perfect 'rafte bud' for an action completed before another past action.

5

هنگامی که آشپزی می‌کنی، مراقب باش.

When you are cooking, be careful.

Imperative 'moragheb bash' (be careful).

6

هنگامی که درس می‌خواندم، دوستم زنگ زد.

When I was studying, my friend called.

Interruption of a continuous past action.

7

هنگامی که نامه را خواند، گریه کرد.

When he/she read the letter, he/she cried.

Simple past for emotional reaction.

8

هنگامی که به مقصد رسیدی، به من خبر بده.

When you reach the destination, let me know.

Present subjunctive 'rasidi' used for future 'when'.

1

هنگامی که پروژه به پایان برسد، ما پاداش خواهیم گرفت.

When the project reaches an end, we will receive a reward.

Present subjunctive 'berasad' and future tense 'khahim gereft'.

2

هنگامی که در مورد تاریخ ایران مطالعه می‌کنید، با فرهنگ غنی آن آشنا می‌شوید.

When you study Iranian history, you become familiar with its rich culture.

Formal present tense for general educational truths.

3

هنگامی که او سخنرانی می‌کرد، همه با دقت به او گوش می‌دادند.

While he was giving a speech, everyone was listening to him carefully.

Past continuous in both clauses to show simultaneous ongoing actions.

4

هنگامی که از خیابان عبور می‌کنید، باید به چراغ راهنمایی توجه کنید.

When you cross the street, you must pay attention to the traffic light.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must) in the main clause.

5

هنگامی که به یاد خاطرات کودکی می‌افتم، لبخند می‌زنم.

When I remember childhood memories, I smile.

Compound verb 'be yad oftadan' (to remember).

6

هنگامی که هوا سرد می‌شود، پرندگان به مناطق گرمسیر مهاجرت می‌کنند.

When the weather gets cold, birds migrate to warmer regions.

Scientific/natural fact description.

7

هنگامی که در امتحان موفق شدم، والدینم برایم هدیه خریدند.

When I succeeded in the exam, my parents bought me a gift.

Cause and effect in the past.

8

هنگامی که فرصت پیدا کنم، حتماً به دیدن شما خواهم آمد.

When I find the opportunity, I will definitely come to see you.

Conditional 'when' with future intent.

1

هنگامی که تکنولوژی پیشرفت می‌کند، سبک زندگی انسان‌ها نیز تغییر می‌یابد.

As technology advances, human lifestyles also change.

Abstract sociological observation.

2

هنگامی که نویسنده داستان را روایت می‌کند، خواننده را به دنیای دیگری می‌برد.

When the author narrates the story, they take the reader to another world.

Literary analysis register.

3

هنگامی که بحران اقتصادی آغاز شد، بسیاری از شرکت‌ها ورشکست شدند.

When the economic crisis began, many companies went bankrupt.

Formal historical/economic reporting.

4

هنگامی که در کنفرانس شرکت کردم، با متخصصان زیادی تبادل نظر نمودم.

When I participated in the conference, I exchanged views with many experts.

Formal compound verb 'tabadol-e nazar nemoodan'.

5

هنگامی که دولت سیاست‌های جدیدی را اتخاذ می‌کند، باید به پیامدهای آن نیز بیندیشد.

When the government adopts new policies, it must also consider their consequences.

Political/ethical commentary.

6

هنگامی که هنرمند اثر خود را خلق می‌کند، بخشی از روح خود را در آن می‌دمد.

When the artist creates their work, they breathe a part of their soul into it.

Poetic/philosophical register.

7

هنگامی که تضاد منافع پیش می‌آید، مذاکره بهترین راه حل است.

When a conflict of interest arises, negotiation is the best solution.

Formal problem-solving context.

8

هنگامی که خورشید گرفتگی رخ می‌دهد، دانشمندان فرصت مناسبی برای تحقیق دارند.

When a solar eclipse occurs, scientists have a good opportunity for research.

Scientific context.

1

هنگامی که مفاهیم انتزاعی در قالب کلمات گنجانده می‌شوند، درک آن‌ها دشوار می‌گردد.

When abstract concepts are encased in the form of words, understanding them becomes difficult.

Passive voice and high-level vocabulary.

2

هنگامی که حافظ از عشق سخن می‌گوید، ابعاد عرفانی آن را مد نظر دارد.

When Hafez speaks of love, he has its mystical dimensions in mind.

Literary criticism.

3

هنگامی که ساختارهای اجتماعی فرو می‌پاشند، هرج و مرج جایگزین نظم می‌گردد.

When social structures collapse, chaos replaces order.

Sociopolitical theory.

4

هنگامی که فیلسوف به پرسش‌های بنیادین پاسخ می‌دهد، افق‌های جدیدی را می‌گشاید.

When the philosopher answers fundamental questions, they open new horizons.

Philosophical discourse.

5

هنگامی که در متون کلاسیک تعمق می‌کنیم، به ظرافت‌های زبانی پی می‌بریم.

When we contemplate classical texts, we realize the linguistic subtleties.

Academic research register.

6

هنگامی که عدالت در جامعه برقرار شود، اعتماد عمومی افزایش می‌یابد.

When justice is established in society, public trust increases.

Conditional future with abstract nouns.

7

هنگامی که تمدن‌ها با یکدیگر برخورد می‌کنند، تبادل فرهنگی اجتناب‌ناپذیر است.

When civilizations clash, cultural exchange is inevitable.

Historical theory.

8

هنگامی که زبان به عنوان ابزار قدرت به کار گرفته می‌شود، می‌تواند فریبنده باشد.

When language is employed as a tool of power, it can be deceptive.

Critical discourse analysis.

1

هنگامی که غبار ابهام از چهره حقیقت زدوده شود، بصیرت حاصل می‌گردد.

When the dust of ambiguity is wiped from the face of truth, insight is achieved.

Highly metaphorical and poetic formal Persian.

2

هنگامی که پارادایم‌های علمی تغییر می‌کنند، تمام پیش‌فرض‌های قبلی زیر سوال می‌روند.

When scientific paradigms shift, all previous assumptions are called into question.

Epistemological discussion.

3

هنگامی که شاعر از استعاره‌های پیچیده بهره می‌جوید، لایه‌های معنایی متعددی خلق می‌کند.

When the poet utilizes complex metaphors, they create multiple layers of meaning.

Advanced literary theory.

4

هنگامی که حاکمیت قانون تضعیف گردد، حقوق شهروندی در معرض مخاطره قرار می‌گیرد.

When the rule of law is weakened, citizenship rights are put at risk.

Legal and political philosophy.

5

هنگامی که در ساحت اندیشه به بن‌بست می‌رسیم، شهود راهگشا خواهد بود.

When we reach a dead end in the realm of thought, intuition will be the way out.

Metaphysical discourse.

6

هنگامی که توازن قوا در عرصه بین‌المللی به هم می‌خورد، احتمال منازعه فزونی می‌یابد.

When the balance of power in the international arena is disrupted, the likelihood of conflict increases.

International relations theory.

7

هنگامی که اصالت فرهنگی فدای جهانی‌سازی می‌شود، هویت‌های بومی رنگ می‌بازند.

When cultural authenticity is sacrificed for globalization, indigenous identities fade.

Cultural studies critique.

8

هنگامی که نفس اماره بر عقل سلیم چیره شود، آدمی به بیراهه می‌رود.

When the carnal self overcomes sound reason, man goes astray.

Ethical and spiritual discourse using classical terminology.

よく使う組み合わせ

هنگامی که خورشید طلوع می‌کند
هنگامی که به یاد می‌آورم
هنگامی که فرصت شود
هنگامی که باران می‌بارد
هنگامی که بچه بودم
هنگامی که دولت تصمیم گرفت
هنگامی که پروژه تمام شود
هنگامی که او را دیدم
هنگامی که شب فرا می‌رسد
هنگامی که سوالی دارید

よく使うフレーズ

هنگامی که لازم باشد

— When it is necessary.

هنگامی که لازم باشد، من به شما کمک خواهم کرد.

هنگامی که وقت داری

— When you have time.

هنگامی که وقت داری، با من تماس بگیر.

هنگامی که به خانه رسیدی

— When you reach home.

هنگامی که به خانه رسیدی، به من خبر بده.

هنگامی که بزرگ شدی

— When you grow up.

هنگامی که بزرگ شدی، می‌خواهی چه کاره شوی؟

هنگامی که باران بند آمد

— When the rain stopped.

هنگامی که باران بند آمد، پیاده‌روی کردیم.

هنگامی که خسته هستی

— When you are tired.

هنگامی که خسته هستی، رانندگی نکن.

هنگامی که آماده بودی

— When you were ready.

هنگامی که آماده بودی، حرکت می‌کنیم.

هنگامی که حقیقت روشن شد

— When the truth became clear.

هنگامی که حقیقت روشن شد، همه تعجب کردند.

هنگامی که او رفت

— When he/she left.

هنگامی که او رفت، اتاق خالی شد.

هنگامی که به مقصد رسیدیم

— When we reached the destination.

هنگامی که به مقصد رسیدیم، خورشید غروب کرده بود.

よく混同される語

هنگامی که vs هنگام

This is a noun meaning 'time'. 'هنگامی که' is the conjunction. You cannot say 'هنگام من رفتم'.

هنگامی که vs هنگامه

This means 'uproar' or 'commotion'. It looks similar but has a completely different meaning.

هنگامی که vs وقتی که

They mean the same thing, but 'vaghti' is informal and 'hengami' is formal.

慣用句と表現

"هنگامی که آب‌ها از آسیاب افتاد"

— When things have calmed down; when the dust has settled.

هنگامی که آب‌ها از آسیاب افتاد، دوباره با او صحبت می‌کنم.

Informal/Idiomatic
"هنگامی که خر از پل گذشت"

— When the goal is achieved and the person no longer cares about the means or the helpers.

هنگامی که خرش از پل گذشت، دیگر ما را نمی‌شناسد.

Slang/Idiomatic
"هنگامی که وقتش برسد"

— When the time is right; in due course.

هنگامی که وقتش برسد، همه چیز را خواهی فهمید.

Neutral
"هنگامی که کارد به استخوان برسد"

— When things become unbearable; at the breaking point.

هنگامی که کارد به استخوان رسید، او اعتراض کرد.

Informal
"هنگامی که بخت برگردد"

— When luck turns away; when one becomes unfortunate.

هنگامی که بخت برگردد، پالوده دندان می‌شکند.

Literary/Proverb
"هنگامی که فرصت را غنیمت شماری"

— When you seize the opportunity.

هنگامی که فرصت را غنیمت شماری، موفق خواهی شد.

Formal
"هنگامی که ورق برگردد"

— When the tables turn; when the situation changes completely.

هنگامی که ورق برگردد، او پشیمان خواهد شد.

Neutral
"هنگامی که چشم باز کنی"

— In the blink of an eye; when you finally realize something.

هنگامی که چشم باز کنی، می‌بینی که دیر شده است.

Informal
"هنگامی که دل به دریا بزنی"

— When you take a big risk or act bravely.

هنگامی که دل به دریا بزنی، ترس از بین می‌رود.

Informal
"هنگامی که دستت به جایی بند نباشد"

— When you have no support or resources left.

هنگامی که دستش به جایی بند نبود، به ما پناه آورد.

Informal

間違えやすい

هنگامی که vs هنگام

Root word similarity.

'Hengam' is a noun (time); 'Hengami ke' is a conjunction (when).

در این هنگام (At this time) vs هنگامی که آمد (When he came).

هنگامی که vs ناگهان

Both relate to time.

'Nagahan' means 'suddenly'; 'Hengami ke' means 'when'.

ناگهان باران آمد vs هنگامی که باران آمد.

هنگامی که vs همیشه

Both start with 'h' and relate to time.

'Hamishe' means 'always'; 'Hengami ke' means 'when'.

همیشه بخند vs هنگامی که می‌خندی.

هنگامی که vs همین که

Similar structure.

'Hamin ke' means 'as soon as'; 'Hengami ke' is a general 'when'.

همین که رسیدم vs هنگامی که رسیدم.

هنگامی که vs آنگاه

Formal temporal markers.

'Angah' means 'then/at that time'; 'Hengami ke' means 'when'.

آنگاه رفتم vs هنگامی که رفتم.

文型パターン

A1

هنگامی که [Noun] [Verb], [Noun] [Verb].

هنگامی که باران می‌بارد، من خوشحالم.

A2

هنگامی که [Past Verb], [Past Verb].

هنگامی که او را دیدم، خندیدم.

B1

هنگامی که [Subjunctive Verb], [Future Verb].

هنگامی که برسم، زنگ خواهم زد.

B2

هنگامی که [Continuous Past], [Simple Past].

هنگامی که داشتم می‌رفتم، او را دیدم.

C1

هنگامی که [Passive Verb], [Result].

هنگامی که قانون تصویب شد، اجرا گردید.

C2

هنگامی که [Metaphorical Clause], [Philosophical Conclusion].

هنگامی که خرد چیره شود، صلح برقرار می‌گردد.

Intermediate

[Main Clause] + هنگامی که + [Subordinate Clause].

من خواب بودم هنگامی که او آمد.

Advanced

در هنگامی که [Clause], [Clause].

در هنگامی که او سخن می‌گفت، من سکوت کردم.

語族

名詞

هنگام (Time/Season)
هنگامه (Tumult/Commotion)

形容詞

ناهنگام (Untimely)
به‌هنگام (Timely/Punctual)

関連

زمان (Time)
وقت (Time)
موقع (Occasion)
فرصت (Opportunity)
گاه (Time/Place)

使い方

frequency

Very high in written and formal spoken Persian; medium in daily conversation.

よくある間違い
  • هنگامی باران آمد... هنگامی که باران آمد...

    The relative particle 'که' is essential for the word to function as a conjunction.

  • هنگامی که من خواهم رفت... هنگامی که من بروم...

    In future-oriented 'when' clauses, the present subjunctive is used, not the future tense.

  • هنگامی که او را دیدم، من خوشحالم. هنگامی که او را دیدم، خوشحال شدم.

    Tense mismatch. If the first part is past, the second part should usually be past as well.

  • در هنگام که... هنگامی که... or در هنگامی که...

    Mixing the prepositional phrase 'در هنگامِ' (which takes a noun) with the conjunction 'که'.

  • هنگامی که خسته هستم، من می‌خوابم. هنگامی که خسته می‌شوم، می‌خوابم.

    While not strictly wrong, 'shodan' (to become) often sounds more natural for states that change.

ヒント

The 'Ke' Rule

Always remember the 'که'. It's the bridge that connects the time-word to the action. Without it, your sentence will collapse.

Elevate Your Writing

Replace 'vaghti' with 'hengami ke' in your next Persian essay to instantly sound more academic and sophisticated.

News Anchor Watch

Listen to the first 30 seconds of a Persian news broadcast. You will almost certainly hear 'هنگامی که' used to set the scene of a report.

Formal Situations

Use this word when introducing yourself or your background in a job interview. It shows you have a high level of linguistic control.

Context Clues

When you see 'هنگامی که', look for the second verb. That is the main action. The part after 'هنگامی که' is just the 'when' part.

Hengam = Hour

Though not etymologically related, you can associate 'Hengam' with 'Hour' to remember it deals with time.

Word Variety

Don't just use one word for 'when'. Learn 'hengami ke', 'zamani ke', and 'moghe'i ke' to make your Persian sound rich.

Subjunctive Alert

If you are talking about something that hasn't happened yet (When I go...), use the subjunctive after 'هنگامی که'.

Poetic Roots

Appreciate that 'Hengam' is a beautiful, ancient word. Using it connects you to a thousand years of Persian literature.

Self-Check

If your sentence sounds too simple, try adding a 'هنگامی که' clause to provide more detail about the timing.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Hengām' as 'Hang-Time'. When you 'hang' in a certain 'time', that is 'Hengāmi ke'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a large, ornate grandfather clock. On the face of the clock, the word 'Hengām' is written. When the bell rings ('ke'), an action happens.

Word Web

Time Season When Formal Conjunction Clause Hengam Island Punctual

チャレンジ

Try to write three sentences about your childhood using 'هنگامی که' instead of 'وقتی که'. For example: 'هنگامی که ده ساله بودم...'

語源

Derived from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) word 'hangām', which itself comes from Old Persian roots related to 'gathering' or 'coming together' (han- + gām). It literally refers to a point where events or times meet.

元の意味: A gathering place or a specific appointed time for a meeting.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

文化的な背景

There are no specific sensitivities, but using it in very low-slang environments might make you sound like you are mocking the listeners with 'fancy' talk.

English speakers often use 'when' for everything. In Persian, choosing 'هنگامی که' is like choosing 'at the juncture that' or 'upon the occasion that'—it adds a layer of sophistication.

Used extensively in the 'Shahnameh' of Ferdowsi to introduce heroic actions. Common in the lyrics of traditional Persian singers like Mohammad-Reza Shajarian. Frequently appears in the preamble of the Iranian Constitution.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Academic Writing

  • هنگامی که فرضیه اثبات شد
  • هنگامی که داده‌ها تحلیل شدند
  • هنگامی که منابع بررسی گردید
  • هنگامی که نتایج به دست آمد

News Reporting

  • هنگامی که حادثه رخ داد
  • هنگامی که رئیس‌جمهور سخنرانی کرد
  • هنگامی که توافق امضا شد
  • هنگامی که پلیس رسید

Storytelling

  • هنگامی که قهرمان داستان بیدار شد
  • هنگامی که خورشید غروب کرد
  • هنگامی که نامه را باز کرد
  • هنگامی که راز فاش شد

Instructions

  • هنگامی که چراغ سبز شد
  • هنگامی که آب به جوش آمد
  • هنگامی که دکمه را فشار دادید
  • هنگامی که فرم را پر کردید

Personal History

  • هنگامی که در مدرسه بودم
  • هنگامی که ازدواج کردم
  • هنگامی که به این شهر آمدم
  • هنگامی که اولین کارم را شروع کردم

会話のきっかけ

"هنگامی که اولین بار به ایران آمدید، چه حسی داشتید؟"

"هنگامی که وقت آزاد دارید، معمولاً چه کارهایی انجام می‌دهید؟"

"هنگامی که بچه بودید، دوست داشتید چه کاره شوید؟"

"هنگامی که باران می‌بارد، ترجیح می‌دهید کجا باشید؟"

"هنگامی که یک زبان جدید یاد می‌گیرید، سخت‌ترین بخش آن چیست؟"

日記のテーマ

در مورد زمانی بنویسید که هنگامی که یک تصمیم مهم گرفتید، زندگی شما تغییر کرد.

توصیف کنید که هنگامی که در طبیعت هستید، چه احساسی دارید.

در مورد اتفاقی بنویسید که هنگامی که انتظارش را نداشتید، رخ داد.

هنگامی که به آینده فکر می‌کنید، چه آرزوهایی برای خود دارید؟

خاطره‌ای را تعریف کنید که هنگامی که با دوستانتان بودید، بسیار خندیدید.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but it sounds formal. If you are giving a speech or talking to a superior, it is appropriate. In a cafe with friends, 'وقتی که' is more natural.

Yes, in modern standard Persian, 'که' is required to make 'هنگام' function as a conjunction connecting two clauses. Without it, the sentence is grammatically incomplete.

They are almost identical in meaning and formality. 'Hengami ke' is slightly more literary, while 'Zamani ke' is common in both formal and neutral writing. You can use them interchangeably to vary your vocabulary.

It doesn't 'change' it, but it requires you to choose the correct tense based on the relationship between the two clauses (e.g., using the subjunctive for future 'when' clauses).

Absolutely. In fact, most sentences using this conjunction start with it to provide the temporal context before the main action is described.

Yes, very frequently. It is used to set the scene or the time of a particular emotion or event in classical and modern Persian poetry.

You can use 'هر گاه که' (har gāh ke) or 'هر زمان که' (har zamān ke). 'هنگامی که' usually refers to a specific 'when'.

No. While in some languages 'when' can imply cause, in Persian 'هنگامی که' is strictly temporal. Use 'چون' or 'زیرا' for 'because'.

It is 'Hengāmi ke' with a long 'i' (ی). 'Hengāme' is a different word meaning 'commotion'.

There isn't a single word opposite, but you might use 'هیچ‌گاه' (never) or 'در غیر این صورت' (otherwise) depending on the context.

自分をテスト 180 問

writing

Write a simple sentence using 'هنگامی که' and 'باران' (rain).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate: 'When I am happy, I sing.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about what you did when you were a child.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate: 'When I saw him, I said hello.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Write a sentence using 'هنگامی که' and a future action.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate: 'When the project is finished, we will celebrate.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Describe a natural phenomenon using 'هنگامی که'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate: 'When technology advances, life changes.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Write a formal sentence about justice.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate: 'When the truth was revealed, everyone was surprised.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about eating when hungry.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about arriving home.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about studying.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about a historical event.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Write a sentence about a philosophical concept.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate: 'When it is night, I sleep.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate: 'When the movie ended, we left.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate: 'When you have a question, ask.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate: 'When the sun rises, the birds sing.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
writing

Translate: 'When the laws are respected, society thrives.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When it rains' in formal Persian.

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When I am happy' in formal Persian.

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When I saw him' in formal Persian.

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When I was a child' in formal Persian.

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When I arrive' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When you have time' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When the sun rises' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When the project ends' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When justice is established' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When the truth is revealed' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When I drink tea' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When the movie finished' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When you reach home' in formal Persian.

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When the economic crisis began' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When abstract concepts are discussed' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When I go home' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When it became night' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When you see her' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When the weather gets cold' in formal Persian.

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正解! おしい! 正解:
speaking

Say 'When society changes' in formal Persian.

Read this aloud:

正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the conjunction: 'هنگامی که باران می‌بارد...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the tense: 'هنگامی که او را دیدم...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the subject: 'هنگامی که ما رسیدیم...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the main action: 'هنگامی که خورشید طلوع کرد، پرندگان خواندند.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the formal verb: 'هنگامی که عدالت برقرار گردید...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the noun: 'هنگامی که چای می‌نوشم...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the place: 'هنگامی که در تهران بودم...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the condition: 'هنگامی که وقت داری، بیا.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the event: 'هنگامی که جنگ تمام شد...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the abstract noun: 'هنگامی که حقیقت فاش شد...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the state: 'هنگامی که گرسنه هستم...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the person: 'هنگامی که برادرم آمد...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the instruction: 'هنگامی که رسیدی، زنگ بزن.'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the time of day: 'هنگامی که شب فرا رسید...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:
listening

Listen and identify the academic field: 'هنگامی که در مورد تاریخ مطالعه می‌کنیم...'

正解! おしい! 正解:
正解! おしい! 正解:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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