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B1 noun #8,500 よく出る 7分で読める

خزنده

khazandeh 上位8,500

練習する例文メモとヒント خزنده 30秒で

解説 خزنده in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'khazande' means 'reptile'. It is a word you might see in a picture book about animals. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'This is a reptile' (این یک خزنده است). Think of animals like snakes and turtles. They are 'khazande'. It comes from the word for 'crawl'. So, a 'khazande' is an animal that crawls on the ground. You don't need to worry about complex science yet. Just remember that snakes, lizards, and turtles belong to this group. If you go to a zoo in Iran, look for the sign that says 'خزندگان' (Khazandegân) to see these animals. It is a useful word if you like nature or have a pet turtle. Practice saying it: Kha-zan-de. The 'kh' is like the sound in 'Bach'. The 'z' is normal. The 'a' is like 'cat'. The 'n' and 'd' are normal. The 'e' at the end is like the 'e' in 'met'.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'khazande' to describe animals or classify them. You should know that 'khazandegân' is the plural form. You can say things like 'Reptiles are cold-blooded' (خزندگان خونسرد هستند). You might also use it as an adjective for plants, like 'khazande' meaning 'creeping'. For example, 'a creeping plant' (یک گیاه خزنده). At this level, you should be able to distinguish between a 'khazande' (reptile) and a 'parande' (bird) or 'pestândâr' (mammal). You can use it to talk about your interests: 'I like reptiles' (من خزندگان را دوست دارم). You can also ask questions: 'Are there reptiles in this park?' (آیا در این پارک خزنده وجود دارد؟). It is a good word to have when talking about basic biology or nature. Remember that the word ends in a silent 'he', so when you add 'is' (ast), it becomes 'khazande ast'.

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At the B1 level, you should understand the scientific context of 'khazande'. You will encounter it in school-level texts or nature documentaries. You should be able to explain what a 'khazande' is using other Persian words: 'A reptile is an animal that has scales and crawls' (خزنده جانوری است که پولک دارد و می‌خزد). You should also be familiar with the verb 'khazidan' (to crawl) and how 'khazande' is formed from it. This helps you understand the logic of Persian word formation. You can use the word in more complex sentences involving habitat and diet: 'Most reptiles live in warm climates' (بیشتر خزندگان در مناطق گرمسیر زندگی می‌کنند). You might also see it in news reports about the environment or wildlife conservation. At this level, you should also be careful not to confuse it with 'do-zist' (amphibian).

At the B2 level, you can use 'khazande' in academic or professional discussions about biology or ecology. You should be able to discuss the characteristics of different 'khazandegân' and their role in the ecosystem. You might use it in a debate about animal rights or environmental protection. For example, 'The destruction of habitats is leading to the extinction of many rare reptiles' (تخریب زیستگاه‌ها منجر به انقراض بسیاری از خزندگان کمیاب می‌شود). You should also understand its metaphorical use in literature or high-level journalism, where it might describe something creeping or progressing slowly and subtly. You can use related terms like 'khazesh' (creep/crawling) and 'khazide' (crawled). Your vocabulary should include synonyms and specific types of reptiles without hesitation.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of 'khazande' should be nuanced and comprehensive. You can use it in scientific research papers or complex literary analysis. You understand the evolution of the word from its Middle Persian roots and its relation to other Indo-European languages if applicable. You can discuss the physiological differences between various orders of 'khazandegân' (like Squamata or Testudines) using Persian terminology. You are also aware of the cultural symbolism of reptiles in Persian mythology and literature—for instance, the role of the snake in the Shahnameh. You can use the word with precision in various registers, from highly formal scientific discourse to poetic descriptions of nature where 'khazande' might evoke a specific mood or imagery.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of the word 'khazande' and its entire word family. You can use it in any context with the fluency of a native speaker who is well-versed in biology or literature. You can appreciate and use the word in complex metaphors, philosophical discussions, or advanced scientific debates. You can analyze the etymological connection between 'khazidan' and other words in the Persian lexicon. You can write detailed reports on herpetology (the study of reptiles) in Persian, using 'khazande' and its derivatives flawlessly. You understand the subtle differences in connotation when using 'khazande' versus naming a specific reptile, and you can use this to achieve specific rhetorical effects in your writing or speech.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

خزنده 30秒で

Khazande means reptile in Persian, derived from the verb 'to crawl'.
It covers animals like snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles.
The plural form is 'khazandegân' in formal Persian and 'khazande-hâ' in casual speech.
It is a B1 level word common in science, nature, and education.

The Persian word خزنده (pronounced 'khazande') is a noun that primarily refers to a reptile. Morphologically, it is derived from the present stem of the verb خزیدن (khazidan), which means 'to crawl' or 'to creep,' combined with the suffix -نده (-ande), which transforms the verb into an agent noun or a present participle. Therefore, the literal meaning of the word is 'one that crawls' or 'a creeper.' In a biological context, it specifically denotes the class of cold-blooded, air-breathing vertebrates that have skin covered in scales or bony plates, such as snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles.

Biological Classification: In Persian science textbooks, خزنده is the standard term used to categorize animals within the class Reptilia. It distinguishes these animals from mammals (پستانداران), birds (پرندگان), and amphibians (دوزیستان).

بسیاری از مردم از هر نوع خزنده، به ویژه مارها، وحشت دارند. (Many people are terrified of any kind of reptile, especially snakes.)

Literal vs. Technical Use: While most commonly used to mean 'reptile,' in older literature or very specific descriptive contexts, it can still function as an adjective meaning 'creeping.' However, in modern Persian, if you want to describe something as 'creeping' (like a vine), you might use the term خزنده as an adjective, though 'رونده' is more common for plants.

تمساح بزرگ‌ترین خزنده روی زمین است. (The crocodile is the largest reptile on Earth.)

Metaphorical Nuance: In political or social commentary, the term can occasionally be used metaphorically to describe something that moves slowly and unnoticed, often with a negative connotation, like a 'creeping' influence or a 'creeping' corruption, though this is more sophisticated usage.

لاک‌پشت یک خزنده با عمر طولانی است. (The turtle is a long-lived reptile.)

آیا می‌دانستید که مارمولک هم یک نوع خزنده است؟ (Did you know that the lizard is also a type of reptile?)

این باغ‌وحش مجموعه‌ای بی‌نظیر از انواع خزنده را دارد. (This zoo has a unique collection of various reptile types.)

Using the word خزنده correctly involves understanding its role as both a noun and an adjective. In most everyday conversations, it functions as a noun. For example, when visiting a desert, one might say, 'در این بیابان خزندگان زیادی زندگی می‌کنند' (Many reptiles live in this desert). Note the use of the plural suffix -گان which is specifically used for words ending in the silent 'he' (e) that refer to living things.

زیست‌شناسان در حال مطالعه روی این خزنده کمیاب هستند. (Biologists are studying this rare reptile.)

Descriptive Usage: When used as an adjective, it follows the noun it describes. For instance, 'گیاه خزنده' (creeping plant/vine). In this case, it describes the manner of growth or movement rather than the biological class.

پوست این خزنده بسیار زبر و خشن است. (The skin of this reptile is very rough and harsh.)

Scientific Context: In academic writing, you will often see it paired with words like 'خونسرد' (cold-blooded). Example: 'خزندگان جانورانی خونسرد هستند' (Reptiles are cold-blooded animals).

غذای اصلی این خزنده حشرات کوچک است. (The main food of this reptile is small insects.)

Pluralization Rules: While خزندگان is the formal plural, in casual speech, you might hear خزنده‌ها (khazande-hâ). The former is preferred in writing and education.

تکامل خزندگان میلیون‌ها سال به طول انجامیده است. (The evolution of reptiles has taken millions of years.)

آیا این خزنده سمی است؟ (Is this reptile poisonous?)

تخم‌گذاری ویژگی اکثر انواع خزنده است. (Laying eggs is a characteristic of most types of reptiles.)

The word خزنده is most frequently encountered in educational environments, scientific media, and nature-related discussions. If you are watching a Persian-dubbed National Geographic or BBC Earth documentary, you will hear this word repeatedly to describe the wildlife. It is a staple of the Persian elementary and middle school curriculum, where students learn to classify animals.

در اخبار علمی شنیدم که یک گونه جدید خزنده کشف شده است. (I heard in the scientific news that a new species of reptile has been discovered.)

In Museums and Zoos: When visiting the 'Museum of Natural History' (موزه تاریخ طبیعی) in Tehran or the 'Reptile House' in a zoo, signs will clearly use the word خزندگان to direct visitors to the sections containing snakes and lizards.

بخش خزندگان در انتهای سالن قرار دارد. (The reptiles section is at the end of the hall.)

In Literature and Poetry: In classical Persian poetry, while specific animals like the snake (مار) are common, the general term خزنده might appear in more modern prose to describe the lowliness or the earth-bound nature of certain creatures or behaviors.

مراقب باش! یک خزنده لای علف‌ها حرکت کرد. (Watch out! A reptile moved among the grass.)

Environmental Discussions: With the drying of lakes like Lake Urmia, environmentalists often discuss the impact on the خزندگان of the region, as their habitats are destroyed.

تغییرات اقلیمی تهدیدی جدی برای زندگی هر خزنده است. (Climate change is a serious threat to the life of every reptile.)

این مستند درباره زندگی مرموز خزندگان است. (This documentary is about the mysterious life of reptiles.)

او به مطالعه آناتومی خزندگان علاقه دارد. (He is interested in studying the anatomy of reptiles.)

One of the most common mistakes learners make is confusing خزنده (reptile) with حشره (insect) or دوزیست (amphibian). While in English 'creepy-crawly' might include insects, in Persian, خزنده is strictly for the biological class of reptiles.

Confusion with Insects: Do not call a beetle or a spider a خزنده. Even though they crawl, they belong to the category of حشرات (insects) or بندپایان (arthropods).

اشتباه: عنکبوت یک خزنده است. (Incorrect: A spider is a reptile.)
درست: عنکبوت یک حشره نیست، اما قطعاً خزنده هم نیست. (Correct: A spider is not an insect [technically an arachnid], but it is definitely not a reptile either.)

Pluralization Error: Another mistake is using the wrong plural form in formal writing. While خزنده‌ها is okay for speaking, خزندگان is the expected form in essays or exams. Forgetting the 'g' (گ) before 'ân' is a common spelling error: it is خزندگان, not خزنده‌ان.

در کتاب‌های درسی همیشه از واژه خزندگان استفاده می‌شود. (In textbooks, the word 'reptiles' [khazandegân] is always used.)

Misusing as an Adjective: Some learners try to use it to mean 'sneaky' or 'sly' because reptiles are often seen that way. In Persian, 'sneaky' is better translated as حیله‌گر or مرموز. Using خزنده for a person sounds very strange and literal.

او بسیار حیله‌گر است (He is very sneaky), NOT او بسیار خزنده است.

قورباغه یک دوزیست است، نه یک خزنده. (A frog is an amphibian, not a reptile.)

بسیاری فکر می‌کنند تمساح یک ماهی است، اما آن یک خزنده است. (Many think a crocodile is a fish, but it is a reptile.)

To enrich your Persian vocabulary, it is helpful to know words related to خزنده. While خزنده is the umbrella term, specific animals have their own names.

Specific Reptiles: 1. مار (mâr) - Snake.
2. لاک‌پشت (lâk-posht) - Turtle/Tortoise (literally: shield-back).
3. سوسمار (susmâr) - Lizard (often refers to larger lizards).
4. تمساح (temsâh) - Crocodile/Alligator.

هر سوسمار یک نوع خزنده است. (Every lizard is a type of reptile.)

Comparison: Reptile vs. Amphibian: خزنده (Reptile): Has scales, lays eggs on land, breathes with lungs.
دوزیست (Amphibian): Has moist skin, usually lays eggs in water, undergoes metamorphosis (like frogs).

تفاوت اصلی بین خزنده و دوزیست در نوع پوست آن‌هاست. (The main difference between a reptile and an amphibian is in their skin type.)

Verbal Roots: The verb خزیدن (to crawl) is the root. You might see خزید (he/she crawled) or می‌خزد (it crawls) in stories. A related word is خزش (khazesh), which means 'creep' or 'crawling' as a noun (e.g., the creep of a glacier).

مار با خزیدن روی زمین حرکت می‌کند. (The snake moves by crawling on the ground.)

دنیای خزندگان بسیار متنوع و شگفت‌انگیز است. (The world of reptiles is very diverse and wonderful.)

کدام خزنده را بیشتر دوست داری؟ (Which reptile do you like more?)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The suffix '-nde' is the equivalent of the English '-er' or '-ing' in this context, making 'khazande' literally 'crawler'. It is the same suffix found in 'nevisande' (writer) and 'parande' (bird/flyer).

発音ガイド

UK /xæzæn'de/

US /xæzæn'de/

The primary stress is on the final syllable: kha-zan-DE.

韻が合う語

پرنده (parande - bird) درنده (darande - predator) چرنده (charande - grazer) دونده (davande - runner) خواننده (khânande - singer) نویسنده (nevisande - writer) فروشنده (forushande - seller) خنده (khande - laugh)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k' (kazande).
Pronouncing 'kh' as 'h' (hazande).
Putting the stress on the first syllable (KHA-zande).
Making the final 'e' sound like 'ee' (khazandee).
Swallowing the 'n' sound.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize once you know the root verb 'khazidan'.

ライティング 4/5

The silent 'he' and plural 'gân' suffix require care.

スピーキング 3/5

The 'kh' sound is the only major hurdle for English speakers.

リスニング 3/5

Clear pronunciation usually makes it easy to identify.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

خزیدن (to crawl) حیوان (animal) مار (snake) لاک (shell) پوست (skin)

次に学ぶ

پستاندار (mammal) دوزیست (amphibian) پرنده (bird) آبزی (aquatic) خونسرد (cold-blooded)

上級

فیزیولوژی (physiology) اکوسیستم (ecosystem) انقراض (extinction) زیست‌بوم (biome) تکامل (evolution)

知っておくべき文法

Agent Nouns with -nde

خزیدن (to crawl) + -نده = خزنده (crawler/reptile)

Plural for living beings ending in silent 'he'

خزنده + -گان = خزندگان

Indefinite 'i' with silent 'he'

خزنده + ای = خزنده‌ای (a reptile)

Ezâfe with silent 'he'

خزندهٔ بزرگ (the big reptile - note the small hamza-like sign or 'ye')

Present Participle as Adjective

گیاه خزنده (creeping plant)

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レベル別の例文

این یک خزنده است.

This is a reptile.

Basic 'Subject + Noun + Verb' structure.

مار یک خزنده است.

The snake is a reptile.

Identifying a specific animal as a member of a group.

لاک‌پشت خزنده است.

The turtle is a reptile.

Omission of the indefinite article 'yek' is common in general statements.

من خزنده را دیدم.

I saw the reptile.

Use of the direct object marker 'râ'.

آیا این خزنده بزرگ است؟

Is this reptile big?

Simple question formation with 'âyâ'.

خزنده سبز است.

The reptile is green.

Adjective following the noun.

آن خزنده کجاست؟

Where is that reptile?

Use of the question word 'kojâst'.

خزنده پا دارد.

The reptile has legs.

Use of the verb 'dâshtan' (to have).

خزندگان خون‌سرد هستند.

Reptiles are cold-blooded.

Plural form 'khazandegân'.

بسیاری از خزندگان تخم می‌گذارند.

Many reptiles lay eggs.

Subject-verb agreement with plural subject.

این خزنده در بیابان زندگی می‌کند.

This reptile lives in the desert.

Present continuous tense used for general facts.

من از این خزنده می‌ترسم.

I am afraid of this reptile.

The verb 'tarsidan' takes the preposition 'az'.

آیا خزندگان در زمستان می‌خوابند؟

Do reptiles sleep in winter?

Asking about habits of a group.

پوست خزندگان زبر است.

The skin of reptiles is rough.

Possessive construction (Ezâfe).

ما در باغ‌وحش خزندگان زیادی دیدیم.

We saw many reptiles in the zoo.

Past tense 'didim'.

این یک نوع خزنده کمیاب است.

This is a rare type of reptile.

Use of 'no' (type) and 'kamyâb' (rare).

خزنده جانوری است که با شش نفس می‌کشد.

A reptile is an animal that breathes with lungs.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

بیشتر خزندگان دارای پولک هستند.

Most reptiles have scales.

Use of 'dârâ-ye' for 'having'.

دمای بدن خزنده با محیط تغییر می‌کند.

A reptile's body temperature changes with the environment.

Complex subject 'damâ-ye badan-e khazande'.

تمساح یکی از خطرناک‌ترین انواع خزنده است.

The crocodile is one of the most dangerous types of reptiles.

Superlative adjective 'khatarnâktarin'.

خزندگان نقش مهمی در طبیعت دارند.

Reptiles have an important role in nature.

Abstract concept 'naqsh-e mohem'.

او کتابی درباره خزندگان ایران نوشته است.

He has written a book about the reptiles of Iran.

Present perfect tense 'neveshte ast'.

بعضی خزندگان می‌توانند رنگ خود را عوض کنند.

Some reptiles can change their color.

Modal verb 'tavânestan' (can).

زیستگاه این خزنده در حال نابودی است.

The habitat of this reptile is being destroyed.

Passive progressive 'dar hâl-e nâbud-i ast'.

تکامل خزندگان از دوزیستان آغاز شد.

The evolution of reptiles began from amphibians.

Scientific terminology 'takâmol'.

خزندگان برای تنظیم دمای بدن خود به آفتاب نیاز دارند.

Reptiles need sunlight to regulate their body temperature.

Infinitive 'tanzim kardan' used as a purpose.

انقراض دایناسورها، که بزرگ‌ترین خزندگان بودند، زمین را تغییر داد.

The extinction of dinosaurs, which were the largest reptiles, changed the Earth.

Appositive clause providing extra information.

ساختار قلب در انواع مختلف خزنده متفاوت است.

The heart structure is different in various types of reptiles.

Complex noun phrase 'sâkhtâr-e qalb'.

بسیاری از مردم خزندگان را با حشرات اشتباه می‌گیرند.

Many people mistake reptiles for insects.

The idiom 'eshtebâh gereftan' (to mistake).

حفاظت از خزندگان برای حفظ تعادل اکوسیستم ضروری است.

Protecting reptiles is essential for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.

Gerund 'hefâzat' as the subject.

برخی خزندگان دریایی برای تخم‌گذاری به ساحل می‌آیند.

Some marine reptiles come to the shore to lay eggs.

Compound adjective 'khazandegân-e daryâyi'.

مطالعه روی سم خزندگان به پیشرفت پزشکی کمک کرده است.

Research on reptile venom has helped medical progress.

Prepositional phrase 'râje' be' or 'ru-ye'.

ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک خزندگان آن‌ها را برای بقا در مناطق خشک سازگار کرده است.

The physiological characteristics of reptiles have adapted them for survival in arid regions.

Advanced vocabulary 'fiziolojik' and 'sâzgâr'.

در اسطوره‌شناسی ایرانی، مار به عنوان یک خزنده نمادین حضور پررنگی دارد.

In Iranian mythology, the snake has a prominent presence as a symbolic reptile.

Cultural and academic context.

تنوع گونه‌ای خزندگان در فلات ایران بسیار چشمگیر است.

The species diversity of reptiles on the Iranian plateau is very impressive.

Formal phrase 'cheshm-gir' (impressive).

برخلاف پستانداران، اکثر خزندگان مراقبت چندانی از نوزادان خود نمی‌کنند.

Unlike mammals, most reptiles do not provide much care for their young.

Contrastive conjunction 'bar-khalâf-e'.

پدیده 'خزش' در مواد جامد، نام خود را از حرکت آرام خزنده گرفته است.

The phenomenon of 'creep' in solids takes its name from the slow movement of a reptile.

Linguistic connection between noun and verb.

برخی از فیلسوفان، غرایز اولیه انسان را به 'مغز خزنده' نسبت می‌دهند.

Some philosophers attribute primary human instincts to the 'reptilian brain'.

Metaphorical scientific usage.

قاچاق خزندگان تهدیدی جدی برای تنوع زیستی جهان محسوب می‌شود.

Reptile trafficking is considered a serious threat to global biodiversity.

Passive construction 'mahsud mishavad'.

فسیل‌های یافت شده نشان‌دهنده عظمت خزندگان در دوران مزوزوئیک است.

The fossils found indicate the greatness of reptiles during the Mesozoic era.

Participle 'yâft shode' as an adjective.

سازوکار تنظیم اسمزی در خزندگان دریایی، نمونه‌ای اعجاب‌آور از انطباق بیولوژیک است.

The osmoregulatory mechanism in marine reptiles is a marvelous example of biological adaptation.

Highly technical scientific language.

تحلیل ساختار کراتین در پوست خزندگان، دریچه‌های نوینی را در علم مواد گشوده است.

Analyzing the keratin structure in reptile skin has opened new windows in materials science.

Metaphorical academic phrasing 'dariche-hâ-ye novin'.

تقلیل جایگاه خزندگان به موجوداتی صرفاً غریزی، نادیده گرفتن پیچیدگی‌های رفتاری آن‌هاست.

Reducing the status of reptiles to merely instinctive beings is to ignore their behavioral complexities.

Abstract philosophical/scientific argument.

در متون کهن، تمایز دقیقی میان انواع خزنده و موجودات افسانه‌ای قائل نمی‌شدند.

In ancient texts, a precise distinction was not made between types of reptiles and mythical creatures.

Historical linguistic analysis.

تاثیر تغییرات اقلیمی بر تعیین جنسیت در برخی خزندگان، بقای نسل آن‌ها را به مخاطره انداخته است.

The impact of climate change on sex determination in some reptiles has endangered their generation's survival.

Complex cause-and-effect sentence structure.

خزندگان به عنوان شاخص‌های زیستی، سلامت بوم‌شناختی یک منطقه را بازتاب می‌دهند.

Reptiles, as bioindicators, reflect the ecological health of a region.

Use of 'be onvân-e' (as) and technical terms.

پارادوکس بقای خزندگان در شرایطی که بسیاری از پستانداران منقرض شدند، موضوعی تامل‌برانگیز است.

The paradox of reptile survival in conditions where many mammals went extinct is a thought-provoking subject.

Sophisticated adjective 'ta'ammol-bar-angiz'.

گستره وسیع پراکندگی خزندگان، گواهی بر انعطاف‌پذیری فوق‌العاده این رده از جانوران است.

The vast range of reptile distribution is a testament to the extraordinary flexibility of this class of animals.

Formal evidence-based statement.

よく使う組み合わせ

انواع خزنده

خزنده خونسرد

خزنده سمی

خزنده کمیاب

دنیای خزندگان

پوست خزنده

تکامل خزندگان

زیستگاه خزندگان

غذای خزنده

بخش خزندگان

よく使うフレーズ

خزنده و چرنده

— A phrase referring to all sorts of crawling and grazing animals, often used to mean 'all creatures'.

در این دشت هر نوع خزنده و چرنده‌ای یافت می‌شود.

مانند یک خزنده

— Describing a movement that is slow and close to the ground.

او مانند یک خزنده از صخره بالا رفت.

دوره خزندگان

— Referring to the Age of Reptiles (Mesozoic era).

دوره خزندگان میلیون‌ها سال پیش بود.

نمایشگاه خزندگان

— A reptile exhibition or show.

فردا به نمایشگاه خزندگان می‌رویم.

خزنده غول‌پیکر

— A giant reptile, often referring to dinosaurs or large crocodiles.

فسیل یک خزنده غول‌پیکر پیدا شد.

خزنده بی‌آزار

— A harmless reptile.

این مارمولک یک خزنده بی‌آزار است.

خزنده شکاری

— A predatory reptile.

مارها خزندگان شکاری هستند.

خزنده اهلی

— A pet or domesticated reptile.

آیا لاک‌پشت یک خزنده اهلی است؟

خزنده وحشی

— A wild reptile.

خزندگان وحشی را نباید لمس کرد.

خزنده عجیب

— A strange or exotic reptile.

این خزنده عجیب از کجا آمده است؟

よく混同される語

خزنده vs حشره

Insects are not reptiles. Insects have 6 legs and an exoskeleton.

خزنده vs دوزیست

Amphibians like frogs are different from reptiles.

خزنده vs کرم

Worms crawl but are not reptiles as they lack a backbone.

慣用句と表現

"مغز خزنده"

— Refers to the reptilian brain (basal ganglia), the part of the brain responsible for basic survival instincts.

ترس ناگهانی واکنش مغز خزنده است.

Psychological/Scientific

"خزنده بودن (metaphorical)"

— Sometimes used to describe someone who is very low-profile or sneaky, though less common than English.

رفتار او در شرکت بسیار خزنده است.

Informal/Slang

"مثل مار خزیدن"

— To crawl or move very stealthily and smoothly like a snake.

دزد مثل مار در تاریکی خزید.

Literary

"خزنده در سایه"

— Someone who operates secretly and stays out of the spotlight.

او همیشه یک خزنده در سایه بوده است.

Political/Journalistic

"خزش تدریجی"

— A slow, almost imperceptible change or movement (creeping change).

خزش تدریجی قیمت‌ها نگران‌کننده است.

Economic

"پوست انداختن"

— While not using the word 'khazande', this idiom (shedding skin) is central to reptile behavior and means to undergo a deep transformation.

او بعد از سفر کاملاً پوست انداخت.

General

"خزنده و گزنده"

— A rhythmic phrase referring to animals that crawl and bite/sting.

در این جنگل انواع خزنده و گزنده وجود دارد.

Traditional

"آرام مثل لاک‌پشت"

— Moving very slowly (like a turtle).

ترافیک امروز آرام مثل لاک‌پشت حرکت می‌کند.

Informal

"اشک تمساح"

— Crocodile tears (insincere grief).

اشک تمساح او را باور نکن.

General

"مار در آستین پروراندن"

— To nurture a snake in one's sleeve (to help someone who will later betray you).

من با کمک به او، مار در آستین پروراندم.

Literary

間違えやすい

خزنده vs پرنده

Both end in -nde and refer to animal classes.

Parande means bird (flyer); Khazande means reptile (crawler).

پرنده در آسمان است، اما خزنده روی زمین.

خزنده vs درنده

Both end in -nde and describe animals.

Darande means predator/carnivore; Khazande means reptile.

شیر یک درنده است، اما مار یک خزنده.

خزنده vs چرنده

Both end in -nde and describe animals.

Charande means grazer (like a cow); Khazande means reptile.

گاو چرنده است و سوسمار خزنده.

خزنده vs دونده

Both end in -nde.

Davande means runner; Khazande means reptile.

او یک دونده سریع است، نه یک خزنده.

خزنده vs خواننده

Both end in -nde.

Khânande means singer/reader; Khazande means reptile.

خواننده روی صحنه است.

文型パターン

[Animal] یک خزنده است.

مار یک خزنده است.

من از [Animal/Reptile] می‌ترسم.

من از خزندگان می‌ترسم.

خزندگان [Adjective] هستند.

خزندگان خونسرد هستند.

بسیاری از خزندگان در [Location] زندگی می‌کنند.

بسیاری از خزندگان در بیابان زندگی می‌کنند.

تکامل [Reptile] نشان‌دهنده [Concept] است.

تکامل خزندگان نشان‌دهنده انطباق‌پذیری آن‌هاست.

تخریب زیستگاه منجر به [Result] برای خزندگان می‌شود.

تخریب زیستگاه منجر به انقراض خزندگان می‌شود.

آیا [Animal] یک نوع خزنده است؟

آیا تمساح یک نوع خزنده است؟

این خزنده [Color] است.

این خزنده سبز است.

語族

名詞

خزش (khazesh - creep/crawling)

خزنده (khazande - reptile)

خزندگان (khazandegân - reptiles)

動詞

خزیدن (khazidan - to crawl/creep)

خزاندن (khazândan - to cause to crawl)

形容詞

خزنده (khazande - creeping)

خزیده (khazide - crawled)

使い方

frequency

Common in educational, scientific, and nature contexts.

よくある間違い

Using 'khazande' for insects. → حشره (hashare)
Insects are not reptiles, even if they crawl.
Pronouncing it 'kazande'. → khazande
The 'kh' sound is distinct from 'k'.
Writing 'khazande-ân' for plural. → khazandegân
The 'g' (گ) is required for words ending in silent 'e'.
Calling a frog a 'khazande'. → دوزیست (do-zist)
Frogs are amphibians, not reptiles.
Confusing 'khazande' with 'parande'. → khazande (reptile), parande (bird)
They sound similar but mean opposite types of animals.

ヒント

Learn the Root

Learning 'khazidan' (to crawl) will help you remember 'khazande' (reptile) and 'khazesh' (creep).

Plural Rule

Remember the 'g' in 'khazandegân'. Whenever a word ends in a silent 'e', the plural '-ân' becomes '-gân'.

The 'KH' Sound

Don't be afraid to make a strong 'kh' sound. It's essential for clarity in Persian.

Scientific Context

Use 'khazande' when you want to sound precise about animal types.

Desert Animals

In Iran, most 'khazandegân' are found in the central and southern deserts.

Visual Link

Picture a snake crawling in the shape of the letter 'Kh' (خ).

Khazande vs Do-zist

Always remember: Reptiles (Khazande) are dry; Amphibians (Do-zist) are wet.

Mythology

The snake is the most famous 'khazande' in Persian myths.

Spelling

The word ends with the letter 'he' (ه), which acts as a vowel 'e'.

Casual vs Formal

Use 'khazande-hâ' with friends and 'khazandegân' in class.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Cousin' (Khazan) who 'Danced' (de) like a snake. Khazan-de. A cousin dancing like a reptile.

視覚的連想

Visualize a lizard crawling (khazidan) up a wall with a big letter 'K' for Khazande on its back.

Word Web

خزیدن (to crawl) مار (snake) لاک‌پشت (turtle) خون‌سرد (cold-blooded) پولک (scale) تخم (egg) بیابان (desert) سوسمار (lizard)

チャレンジ

Try to name five different types of 'khazande' in Persian without looking at a dictionary.

語源

Derived from the Middle Persian 'khazidan' which means to move slowly on the ground. It has roots in Proto-Iranian languages.

元の意味： One who moves by creeping or crawling.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but avoid using 'khazande' to describe people as it can be confusing or unintentionally weird.

In English, 'reptile' can be used as an insult for a mean person. In Persian, 'khazande' is rarely used this way; calling someone a 'mâr' (snake) is the common insult.

The legend of Zahhak in the Shahnameh (Reptilian symbolism). Documentaries by Iranian herpetologists like Hadi Fahimi. Persian translations of Aesop's Fables (The Tortoise and the Hare).

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Science Class

تعریف خزنده
طبقه‌بندی خزندگان
ویژگی‌های خزندگان
تفاوت خزنده و دوزیست

Zoo Visit

بخش خزندگان کجاست؟
این خزنده سمی است؟
غذای این خزنده چیست؟
نام این خزنده را می‌دانید؟

Nature Documentary

زندگی خزندگان
شکار خزندگان
تولید مثل خزندگان
بقای خزندگان

Desert Hiking

مراقب خزندگان باشید
رد پای خزنده
لانه خزنده
خزنده سمی در منطقه

Garden/Home

گیاه خزنده
خزنده کوچک در باغچه
لاک‌پشت به عنوان خزنده خانگی
دور کردن خزندگان

会話のきっかけ

"آیا تا به حال یک خزنده عجیب از نزدیک دیده‌ای؟ (Have you ever seen a strange reptile up close?)"

"به نظر تو زیباترین خزنده کدام است؟ (In your opinion, which is the most beautiful reptile?)"

"آیا از خزندگان می‌ترسی یا آن‌ها را دوست داری؟ (Are you afraid of reptiles or do you like them?)"

"در کشور تو چه نوع خزندگانی بیشتر یافت می‌شوند؟ (What kind of reptiles are most commonly found in your country?)"

"اگر می‌توانستی یک خزنده به عنوان حیوان خانگی داشته باشی، کدام را انتخاب می‌کردی؟ (If you could have a reptile as a pet, which one would you choose?)"

日記のテーマ

تجربه خود را از دیدن یک خزنده در طبیعت بنویسید. (Write about your experience of seeing a reptile in nature.)

چرا برخی از مردم از خزندگان وحشت دارند؟ نظرتان را توضیح دهید. (Why are some people terrified of reptiles? Explain your opinion.)

نقش خزندگان در حفظ تعادل محیط زیست چیست؟ (What is the role of reptiles in maintaining environmental balance?)

داستانی کوتاه درباره یک خزنده کوچک که می‌خواست پرواز کند بنویسید. (Write a short story about a small reptile that wanted to fly.)

تفاوت‌های اصلی بین خزندگان و پستانداران را از نظر خودتان بنویسید. (Write the main differences between reptiles and mammals from your perspective.)

よくある質問

10 問

No, 'khazande' is a general term for all reptiles, including lizards, turtles, and crocodiles. Snakes are just one type of 'khazande'.

The formal plural is 'khazandegân' (خزندگان). In casual speech, you can say 'khazande-hâ' (خزنده‌ها).

Technically, no. A spider is an arachnid. In Persian, it is usually categorized under 'hasharât' (insects) in casual speech, though scientifically it's 'band-pâyân' (arthropods). 'Khazande' is only for vertebrates like snakes.

The root is the verb 'khazidan' (خزیدن), which means 'to crawl' or 'to creep'.

No, a frog is a 'do-zist' (دوزیست), which means amphibian. Reptiles have dry skin, while amphibians have moist skin.

It is a raspy sound made at the back of the throat, similar to the 'ch' in the German word 'Bach' or the Scottish 'loch'.

Yes, as an adjective. 'Giyâh-e khazande' (گیاه خزنده) means a creeping plant or a vine.

Yes, it is very common in schools, zoos, and nature documentaries.

No, Persian nouns do not have grammatical gender. 'Khazande' can refer to a male or female reptile.

There isn't a single opposite, but it is often contrasted with 'pestândâr' (mammal) or 'parande' (bird).

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