نشان 30秒で
- Neshān is a versatile Persian noun meaning sign, mark, or symbol, used in both physical and abstract contexts across all levels of speech.
- It is the root of the essential verb 'neshān dādan' (to show) and the common word for address, 'neshāni'.
- In formal contexts, it refers to medals or badges of honor, while in sports it can mean a target or aim.
- It is a key concept in Persian literature and mysticism, representing the visible traces of the invisible or divine.
The Persian word نشان (neshān) is a multifaceted noun that primarily translates to 'sign', 'mark', 'trace', or 'symbol' in English. It is one of the most fundamental words in the Persian language, appearing in both classical literature and modern daily conversation. At its core, it represents anything that points toward the existence, presence, or identity of something else. Whether you are looking for a physical mark on a map, a symptom of an illness, or a symbolic badge of honor, this word is your primary tool. It originates from Middle Persian roots associated with 'placing' or 'setting down', implying that a mark is something 'set' upon a surface to convey meaning. In modern contexts, it is used extensively in compound verbs, most notably neshān dādan (to show), which literally means 'to give a sign'. Understanding this word is essential for navigating directions, identifying objects, and expressing abstract concepts of evidence and manifestation.
- Physical Mark
- A physical imprint or stain left on a surface, such as a footprint or a stamp.
- Symbolic Badge
- A medal, insignia, or emblem representing an organization, military rank, or achievement.
- Abstract Indication
- A symptom or clue that suggests a deeper reality, like clouds being a sign of rain.
این مدال، نشان شجاعت اوست.
This medal is a sign/mark of his bravery.
Culturally, the concept of 'neshān' is deeply embedded in Persian mysticism (Sufism), where the physical world is often described as a 'neshān' of the Divine. When a poet says they are 'bi-neshān' (without a sign), they often mean they have reached a state of spiritual transcendence where worldly identities no longer apply. In everyday life, you will see this word on government buildings, on product labels (standard marks), and in sports (targets). It is a high-frequency word that bridges the gap between the concrete and the metaphysical.
او هیچ نشانی از خود باقی نگذاشت.
He left no trace of himself.
Using neshān correctly requires understanding its role as both a standalone noun and a building block for complex predicates. In its simplest form, it acts as a subject or object. For example, 'The sign is clear' becomes neshān vāzeh ast. However, its most frequent usage is in the compound verb نشان دادن (neshān dādan), meaning 'to show' or 'to demonstrate'. This verb is used in almost every context where information is conveyed visually or logically. If you want to say 'Show me the book', you would say ketāb rā be man neshān bede. Another important variation is نشان گذاشتن (neshān gozāshtan), which means 'to mark' or 'to leave a sign'. This is used physically, like marking a page in a book, or metaphorically, like leaving a mark on history.
- Compound Verbs
- Neshān dādan (to show), Neshān gereftan (to aim at), Neshān gozāshtan (to mark).
او با انگشت به کوه نشان داد.
He pointed (showed with finger) at the mountain.
Grammatically, when neshān is used as a noun meaning 'sign of...', it often takes the Ezafe construction (-e). For instance, 'sign of rain' is neshān-e bārān. It can also be pluralized as neshānhā (signs). In military or official contexts, it refers to specific medals, such as neshān-e zolfaghār. When used in the sense of 'aim' or 'target', it is often the object of the verb gereftan (to take/catch). 'To take aim' is neshān gereftan. This diversity makes it a 'Swiss Army knife' word in Persian grammar, appearing in sports, military, literature, and science.
این رفتار نشاندهنده شخصیت اوست.
This behavior is indicative (sign-giving) of his character.
In modern Iran, you will encounter neshān in a variety of real-world settings. If you are using a GPS or asking for directions, the word neshāni (derived from neshān) is the standard word for 'address'. On the news, you might hear about neshān-e dolati (government awards) or neshānhā-ye eghtesādi (economic indicators). In a doctor's office, a physician might look for neshānhā-ye bimāri (signs of illness). In the world of technology, 'neshān' is the name of a very popular Iranian map and navigation app, similar to Google Maps or Waze, making the word part of the daily digital vocabulary for millions of Iranians. When people say 'I'm using Neshān', they are referring to the app that 'shows' them the way.
- Navigation
- Used for addresses (neshāni) and the name of the top Iranian GPS app.
- News & Media
- Used when discussing medals, awards, or signs of social change.
لطفاً نشانی دقیق خود را بفرستید.
Please send your exact address.
Furthermore, in the bazaar or when shopping, a 'neshān' might refer to a brand or a trademark (though mārk or berand are also used). In academic settings, researchers look for neshānhā-ye dāneshi (knowledge markers). Even in sports, particularly archery or shooting, the target itself is called neshānegāh. The word is so ubiquitous that it feels invisible to native speakers, yet it provides the essential framework for identifying and locating everything in the Persian-speaking world. Whether it's a 'sign' of spring (neshān-e bahār) or a 'sign' of a good product, the word is indispensable.
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using neshān is confusing it with its derivatives, particularly neshāne and neshāni. While they all share the same root, their usage is distinct. Neshān is often more formal or refers to a badge/medal. Neshāne is more common for 'symptom' or 'clue'. Neshāni almost exclusively means 'postal address' in modern conversation. Another mistake is using neshān dādan when they mean 'to point' (eshāreh kardan). While 'showing' and 'pointing' are related, eshāreh kardan is specifically about the physical act of gesturing toward something, whereas neshān dādan is about making something visible or evident.
- Confusion with 'Neshāni'
- Mistake: Using 'neshān' to ask for a house address. Correct: Use 'neshāni'.
- Overusing 'Neshān Dādan'
- Sometimes 'namāyesh dādan' (to display/perform) is more appropriate for screens or theaters.
غلط: نشان خانه شما کجاست؟
Wrong: Where is your house 'mark'? (Should be 'neshāni' for address).
Additionally, learners often forget the Ezafe (-e) when connecting neshān to its source. It should be neshān-e piruzi (sign of victory), not just neshān piruzi. In the context of 'taking aim', learners sometimes use the verb zadan (to hit) instead of gereftan (to take). Remember: you 'take' aim (neshān migiram) before you 'hit' the target. Finally, be careful with the word alāmat. While alāmat also means sign, it is often used for mathematical symbols or traffic signs, whereas neshān is broader and more literary.
Persian is rich with synonyms for 'sign' and 'mark', each with its own nuance. The most common alternative is علامت (alāmat). While neshān often implies a badge or a deep-seated trace, alāmat is frequently used for conventional symbols, like a plus sign in math or a green light in traffic. Another common word is اثر (asar), which translates more closely to 'effect', 'trace', or 'footprint'. If you are talking about the 'marks' left by a historical event, asar is the better choice. For a more religious or poetic context, the word آیه (āye) is used, meaning a 'divine sign' or a verse of the Quran.
- Neshān vs. Alāmat
- Neshān is more for badges/identities; Alāmat is for functional symbols/signals.
- Neshān vs. Asar
- Neshān is a pointer/identifier; Asar is a remnant/consequence.
این علامت به معنای خطر است.
This sign (symbol) means danger.
In literary Persian, you might also encounter آیت (āyat) or نمود (nemud). Nemud refers to the 'appearance' or 'manifestation' of something. If you want to say something is a 'manifestation' of beauty, you might use nemud. For a 'clue' in a mystery, sar-e nakh (the end of the thread) is a common idiom. Understanding these distinctions helps you choose the right 'sign' for the right occasion. While neshān is safe for most beginner contexts, moving toward alāmat for technical signs and asar for physical traces will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise.
هیچ اثری از او در اتاق نبود.
There was no trace (asar) of him in the room.
豆知識
The word is a cognate with the Sanskrit 'nishāna'. It has remained remarkably stable in meaning for over a thousand years.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the first vowel as a long 'ee' (nee-shān). It should be a short 'e'.
- Pronouncing the 'ā' like the 'a' in 'cat'. It must be back and long like 'palm'.
- Putting stress on the first syllable.
- Confusing the 'sh' sound with 's'.
- Omitting the final 'n' sound.
レベル別の例文
این نشان را ببین.
Look at this sign.
Simple imperative with 'bebin' (look).
او کتاب را نشان داد.
He showed the book.
Simple past of 'neshān dādan'.
نشانِ تو کجاست؟
Where is your mark/sign?
Possessive Ezafe with 'to' (you).
عکس را به من نشان بده.
Show me the photo.
Imperative 'neshān bede' (show!).
این یک نشانِ خوب است.
This is a good sign.
Adjective 'khub' following the noun with Ezafe.
او به درخت نشان داد.
He pointed at the tree.
Use of 'be' (to) with the object.
نشانِ ایست را ببین.
See the stop sign.
'Ist' means stop.
من راه را نشان میدهم.
I show the way.
Present continuous sense of showing.
نشانیِ خانه شما چیست؟
What is your house address?
Using the derivative 'neshāni' for address.
گلها نشانِ بهار هستند.
Flowers are a sign of spring.
Plural 'neshān' with Ezafe.
او مدالِ نشانِ افتخار گرفت.
He received the medal of honor.
'Eftekhār' means honor.
آیا میتوانی راه را به من نشان دهی؟
Can you show me the way?
Modal verb 'mitavāni' with subjunctive.
این نشانِ بزرگ روی دیوار است.
This big mark is on the wall.
Adjective 'bozorg' with Ezafe.
من این صفحه را نشان گذاشتم.
I marked this page.
Compound verb 'neshān gozāshtan'.
او هیچ نشانی از خود نگفت.
He didn't give any sign of himself.
Negative past tense.
نشانِ کیفِ من قرمز است.
The mark/tag on my bag is red.
Possessive structure.
تب نشانِ بیماری است.
Fever is a sign of illness.
Abstract usage of 'neshān'.
او با دقت هدف را نشان گرفت.
He carefully took aim at the target.
Compound verb 'neshān gereftan'.
این ابرها نشاندهنده باران هستند.
These clouds are indicative of rain.
Participle 'neshān-dahandeh'.
او نشانِ مخصوصِ شرکت را روی سینه داشت.
He had the company's special badge on his chest.
'Makhsus' means special.
پلیس به دنبالِ نشانی از دزد بود.
The police were looking for a trace of the thief.
'Be donbal-e' means looking for.
این کتاب نشانِ فرهنگِ ماست.
This book is a symbol of our culture.
Metaphorical usage.
لبخندِ او نشانِ رضایت بود.
Her smile was a sign of satisfaction.
'Rezāyat' means satisfaction.
ما باید برای موفقیت نشانگذاری کنیم.
We must set markers for success.
Noun 'neshān-gozāri' (marking).
کاهشِ قیمتها نشانِ بهبودِ اقتصاد است.
The decrease in prices is a sign of economic improvement.
Formal economic context.
او نشانِ درجه یکِ علمی را دریافت کرد.
He received the first-class scientific medal.
Official titles and honors.
این آثار نشانِ تمدنِ باستان هستند.
These works are signs of ancient civilization.
'Tamaddon' means civilization.
رفتارِ او نشان از بیتجربگی داشت.
His behavior showed a lack of experience.
Phasing 'neshān az ... dāshtan'.
او به عنوانِ نشانِ اعتراض استعفا داد.
He resigned as a sign of protest.
'E'terāz' means protest.
نشانههایِ تغییر در جامعه دیده میشود.
Signs of change are being seen in society.
Passive voice 'dide mishavad'.
این نقشه نشاندهنده مسیرِ مهاجرت است.
This map indicates the migration route.
Technical/Descriptive.
او با این کار نشان داد که شجاع است.
With this act, he showed that he is brave.
Complex sentence with 'ke' (that).
شعرِ او نشانِ بارزِ سبکِ خراسانی است.
His poetry is a clear sign of the Khorasani style.
Literary analysis term 'neshān-e bārez'.
این واقعه نشاندهنده گسستِ عمیقِ اجتماعی بود.
This event was indicative of a deep social rift.
Sociological terminology.
عارفان جهان را نشانِ حق میدانند.
Mystics consider the world a sign of the Truth (God).
Philosophical/Mystical context.
او در نوشتههایش هیچ نشانی از تردید باقی نگذاشت.
He left no sign of doubt in his writings.
Abstract concept 'tardid' (doubt).
نشانشناسی یکی از شاخههایِ مهمِ زبانشناسی است.
Semiotics is one of the important branches of linguistics.
'Neshān-shenāsi' (Semiotics).
این مدال نشانِ عالیِ خدمت به میهن است.
This medal is the high sign of service to the homeland.
High formal register.
او بدونِ نام و نشان در غربت درگذشت.
He died in a foreign land without name or sign (anonymous).
Idiomatic 'nām o neshān'.
سیاستهایِ جدید نشان از تحولی بزرگ دارد.
The new policies signal a major transformation.
Political/Journalistic style.
در فلسفه اشراق، نور نشانِ وجود است.
In Illuminationist philosophy, light is the sign of existence.
Dense philosophical subject.
او با مهارتی بینظیر، کوچکترین نشانههایِ جعل را یافت.
With unparalleled skill, he found the smallest signs of forgery.
Advanced vocabulary 'ja'l' (forgery).
این متن نشاندهنده تطورِ زبانِ فارسی در قرنِ پنجم است.
This text indicates the evolution of the Persian language in the 5th century.
'Tatovvor' means evolution.
شاعر در این بیت، از بینشانی به عنوانِ غایتِ عرفان یاد میکند.
In this verse, the poet mentions 'sign-lessness' as the ultimate goal of mysticism.
Complex literary critique.
نشانهایِ حاکمیتی در این دوره دستخوشِ تغییراتِ بنیادین شدند.
Sovereign symbols underwent fundamental changes during this period.
'Dastkhosh-e taghyir' (undergoing change).
او به عنوانِ صاحبنشان در مراسمِ درباری حضور یافت.
He attended the court ceremony as a decorated dignitary.
'Sāheb-neshān' (medal holder).
این فرضیه هیچ نشانِ علمیِ معتبری ندارد.
This hypothesis has no valid scientific evidence/mark.
Scientific skepticism.
او با کلامش نشان داد که بر تمامِ علومِ زمانه مسلط است.
With his speech, he demonstrated that he is a master of all the sciences of the era.
Superlative 'tamām-e olum'.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Identity and reputation. Used to describe someone's background.
او مردی با نام و نشان است.
— Anonymous or unknown. Used for people without fame or ID.
او یک سربازِ بینام و نشان بود.
— An idiomatic way to say 'as proof of that' or 'by that same token'.
نشان به آن نشان که دیروز هم اینجا بود.
— To mark something for later, or to get engaged (informal).
آنها دختر را برای پسرشان نشان کردند.
慣用句と表現
— To threaten or warn someone sternly by showing them what you will do.
برای من خط و نشان نکش!
Informal/Aggressive— Completely unknown, having no fame or identifiable background.
او در یک روستای بینام و نشان زندگی میکند.
Neutral— Used when providing a specific detail to prove that what you are saying is true.
نشان به آن نشان که پیرهن آبی تنش بود.
Colloquial— To select someone (often for marriage) in an informal agreement.
او را از کودکی نشان کرده بودند.
Informal/Cultural— To give a thumbs up (modern) or sometimes used rudely depending on context.
او به من نشانِ شست داد.
Slang— To be truly worthy or to have the 'mark' of merit.
او نشانِ لیاقتِ این مقام را دارد.
Formal— To hit the mark or be exactly right about something.
حرفِ تو تیر به نشان زد.
Literary/Metaphorical— To lose one's ego or worldly identity in a mystical sense.
عارف در عشق بینشان شد.
Mystical— To be very brave (referring to Imam Ali).
او در نبرد نشانِ حیدر داشت.
Religious/Epic語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a 'Nation' (sounds like Neshān) having a specific 'Sign' or flag. Neshān = Nation's Sign.
視覚的連想
Picture a large neon sign (Neshān) pointing toward a hidden treasure.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to find five 'neshānhā' (signs) of autumn in your neighborhood and describe them using 'neshān dādan'.
語源
Derived from Middle Persian 'nišān', which comes from the Old Persian prefix 'ni-' (down) and the root 'šā-' (to sit/place). It literally means 'something set down'.
元の意味： A physical mark or a place where something is situated.
Indo-European (Indo-Iranian branch).文化的な背景
Similar to how 'mark' can mean a grade, a stain, or a target in English, 'neshān' covers a wide semantic range.
Summary
The word 'neshān' (نشان) is your go-to term for anything that 'points' to something else, whether it's a physical mark, a symptom, a medal, or the act of showing information. Example: 'In neshān-e māst' (This is our sign).
- Neshān is a versatile Persian noun meaning sign, mark, or symbol, used in both physical and abstract contexts across all levels of speech.
- It is the root of the essential verb 'neshān dādan' (to show) and the common word for address, 'neshāni'.
- In formal contexts, it refers to medals or badges of honor, while in sports it can mean a target or aim.
- It is a key concept in Persian literature and mysticism, representing the visible traces of the invisible or divine.
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
عادتوار
C1As a matter of habit; habitually.
عادی
A1「عادی」という言葉は「普通」や「通常」を意味します。例えば、「普通の生活」(زندگی عادی)。
عافیت
B2幸福、健康、安寧。くしゃみの後に「お大事に」という意味で使われることが多い言葉です。
عاجل
B2緊急の；即時の対応や行動が必要な。例：「至急のニュース」や「早急な回復」。
عاقبت
C1結果、結末、あるいは「ついに」。 'عاقبت پیروز شد.' (彼はついに勝利した。)
عاقل
A1賢明な、分別のあ。理性的で正しい判断ができる人。
عالمگیر
C1世界的な、普遍的な。世界全体に広がるもの。
عالی
A1「Aali」はペルシャ語で「素晴らしい」や「優秀な」を意味します。
عام
B1「Am」という言葉は「一般的」または「公共の」を意味します。
اعم از
B2〜を含めて、〜を問わず（選択肢を導入する際に使用）。
