پس از آنکه 30秒で
- A formal conjunction meaning 'after that' or 'subsequent to the time that', used to link two complete clauses in Persian.
- Primarily used in written Persian, news, and formal speeches rather than daily colloquial conversation where 'ba'd az inke' is preferred.
- Requires a full clause (subject and verb) following it, usually with the verb in the past tense to show completion.
- Essential for B1+ learners to elevate their writing style and understand academic or journalistic Persian texts effectively.
The Persian conjunction پس از آنکه (Pas az ānke) is a sophisticated temporal marker used to establish a clear chronological sequence between two events. In the realm of Persian linguistics, it functions as a subordinating conjunction that introduces a dependent clause, indicating that the action in the main clause occurs strictly after the action in the subordinate clause has concluded. This phrase is the formal counterpart to the more colloquial بعد از اینکه (ba'd az inke). Understanding this term is crucial for B1 learners who are transitioning from simple sentence structures to complex narrative forms. It provides a bridge between basic temporal adverbs and advanced literary connectors.
- Grammatical Function
- Subordinating conjunction introducing a temporal clause.
- Register
- Formal, literary, and academic; frequently found in news reports and literature.
- Temporal Relation
- Indicates 'Event A' happened, and then 'Event B' followed.
پس از آنکه نامه را خواند، لبخندی زد.
The phrase is composed of three distinct parts: 'pas' (after), 'az' (from), and 'ānke' (that which/the fact that). Together, they create a cohesive unit that demands a specific verb structure. In modern Persian, the verb following this conjunction is typically in the past indicative or the past perfect to emphasize the completion of the first action. However, in certain literary contexts or when discussing future contingencies, the subjunctive might appear, though this is less common for 'after' than it is for 'before' (پیش از آنکه).
پس از آنکه خورشید غروب کرد، هوا سرد شد.
او پس از آنکه درسش تمام شد، به بازار رفت.
- Synonym Note
- While 'بعد از' is a preposition (used with nouns), 'پس از آنکه' is a conjunction (used with clauses).
Using پس از آنکه correctly requires attention to the relationship between the two clauses. Unlike simple prepositions that take a noun phrase (e.g., 'after the movie'), this conjunction introduces a full subject-verb structure. The most common pattern is: [پس از آنکه] + [Clause 1 (Completed Action)], [Clause 2 (Resulting Action)].
- Verb Tense: Usually followed by the Past Simple (Past Narrative) to show the action is finished.
- Word Order: The 'پس از آنکه' clause can come at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
- Formal vs. Informal: In speech, 'آنکه' is almost always shortened to 'اینکه' or the whole phrase becomes 'بعد از اینکه'.
دولت پس از آنکه لایحه را بررسی کرد، آن را تصویب نمود.
When writing, ensure there is a logical flow. If the action in the first clause is not completed, the sentence will feel grammatically 'unhinged'. For example, saying 'After he goes...' usually requires a different construction in Persian unless the future completion is certain.
You will encounter پس از آنکه primarily in formal settings. It is a staple of Persian broadcast journalism, academic lectures, and legal documents. If you listen to BBC Persian or Radio Farda, you will hear news anchors using this to sequence geopolitical events.
- News Media
- 'پس از آنکه توافق حاصل شد، تحریمها لغو گردید.' (After the agreement was reached, sanctions were lifted.)
- Historical Texts
- Used to describe the succession of kings or the aftermath of battles.
در اخبار شنیدیم که پس از آنکه مذاکرات به پایان رسید، بیانیهای صادر شد.
In modern literature, authors use it to create a rhythmic, formal tone that distinguishes narrative voice from character dialogue. In a novel, a character might say 'بعد از اینکه غذا خوردم میام' (After I eat, I'll come), but the narrator would write 'پس از آنکه شام تناول کرد، به اتاقش رفت' (After he partook of dinner, he went to his room).
Learners often struggle with the distinction between the preposition and the conjunction. A common error is using 'پس از' directly before a verb without 'آنکه'.
- ❌ پس از رفت، باران آمد. (Incorrect)
- ✅ پس از آنکه رفت، باران آمد. (Correct)
Another mistake is confusing it with 'پیش از آنکه' (before). While they look similar, their temporal logic is opposite. Also, avoid using 'پس از آنکه' in very casual conversation with friends, as it can sound overly stiff or even sarcastic if not used in the right context.
To enrich your vocabulary, it is helpful to compare پس از آنکه with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a slightly different nuance or register.
- بعد از اینکه (Ba'd az inke)
- The standard, everyday version. Safe for all contexts but less formal.
- متعاقبِ (Mote'āghebe)
- A very formal preposition meaning 'following' or 'subsequent to', usually followed by a noun.
- سپس (Sepas)
- An adverb meaning 'then' or 'afterwards'. It doesn't link clauses like a conjunction but starts a new sentence or phrase.
او ابتدا مطالعه کرد و سپس خوابید. (He first studied and then slept.)
While 'پس از آنکه' focuses on the *completion* of the first act, 'همین که' (as soon as) focuses on the *immediacy* of the second act. Choosing between them depends on whether you want to emphasize the order or the speed of the events.
How Formal Is It?
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難易度
知っておくべき文法
レベル別の例文
پس از آنکه او آمد، ما رفتیم.
After he came, we left.
Simple past usage.
پس از آنکه غذا خورد، خوابید.
After he ate, he slept.
Sequence of daily actions.
پس از آنکه درس تمام شد، بازی کردیم.
After the lesson finished, we played.
Formal 'after' for school context.
پس از آنکه باران بند آمد، هوا خوب شد.
After the rain stopped, the weather became good.
Natural phenomena.
پس از آنکه کتاب را خواندم، آن را به تو میدهم.
After I read the book, I will give it to you.
Future intent with past completion.
پس از آنکه چای خوردیم، بیرون رفتیم.
After we drank tea, we went out.
Plural subject.
پس از آنکه خورشید رفت، ماه آمد.
After the sun went, the moon came.
Simple personification.
پس از آنکه کار تمام شد، استراحت کردیم.
After the work finished, we rested.
Passive-like sense.
پس از آنکه فیلم تمام شد، چراغها روشن شدند.
After the movie ended, the lights turned on.
Plural verb agreement.
پس از آنکه به خانه رسیدم، دوش گرفتم.
After I arrived home, I took a shower.
First person singular.
پس از آنکه معلم سوال کرد، من جواب دادم.
After the teacher asked a question, I answered.
Classroom interaction.
پس از آنکه پول را پرداخت کرد، رسید گرفت.
After he paid the money, he got a receipt.
Transaction sequence.
پس از آنکه میوهها را شستیم، آنها را خوردیم.
After we washed the fruits, we ate them.
Direct object usage.
پس از آنکه در باز شد، مردم وارد شدند.
After the door opened, people entered.
Intransitive verb 'opened'.
پس از آنکه برف بارید، همه جا سفید شد.
After it snowed, everywhere became white.
Weather description.
پس از آنکه او را دیدم، سلام کردم.
After I saw him, I said hello.
Social interaction.
پس از آنکه دولت بیانیه صادر کرد، مردم آرام شدند.
After the government issued a statement, the people calmed down.
Formal political context.
پس از آنکه تحقیقات کامل شد، نتایج را اعلام کردند.
After the research was completed, they announced the results.
Academic/Professional context.
پس از آنکه ساختمان ساخته شد، مستأجران آمدند.
After the building was constructed, the tenants arrived.
Passive construction.
پس از آنکه او از دانشگاه فارغالتحصیل شد، کار پیدا کرد.
After he graduated from university, he found a job.
Life milestones.
پس از آنکه هواپیما نشست، مسافران پیاده شدند.
After the plane landed, the passengers disembarked.
Travel vocabulary.
پس از آنکه کامپیوتر را تعمیر کردم، دوباره کار کرد.
After I repaired the computer, it worked again.
Technical context.
پس از آنکه مسابقه به پایان رسید، مدالها را دادند.
After the race ended, they gave the medals.
Sports context.
پس از آنکه کتاب چاپ شد، نویسنده مشهور گشت.
After the book was published, the author became famous.
Literary context.
پس از آنکه بحران اقتصادی فروکش کرد، سرمایهگذاری افزایش یافت.
After the economic crisis subsided, investment increased.
Economic terminology.
پس از آنکه توافقنامه امضا شد، روابط دیپلماتیک بهبود یافت.
After the agreement was signed, diplomatic relations improved.
Diplomatic register.
پس از آنکه نظریه اثبات گردید، در کتب درسی وارد شد.
After the theory was proven, it was included in textbooks.
Scientific process.
پس از آنکه شورش سرکوب شد، امنیت به شهر بازگشت.
After the riot was suppressed, security returned to the city.
Sociopolitical context.
پس از آنکه جراح عمل را با موفقیت انجام داد، بیمار به بخش منتقل شد.
After the surgeon successfully performed the operation, the patient was moved to the ward.
Medical register.
پس از آنکه شرکت ورشکست شد، تمام اموالش به حراج گذاشته شد.
After the company went bankrupt, all its assets were auctioned.
Legal/Business context.
پس از آنکه شاعر از دنیا رفت، اشعارش مورد توجه قرار گرفت.
After the poet passed away, his poems gained attention.
Euphemism for death.
پس از آنکه تکنولوژی جدید معرفی شد، سبک زندگی مردم تغییر کرد.
After the new technology was introduced, people's lifestyles changed.
Societal change.
پس از آنکه غبار ابهام زدوده شد، حقیقت بر همگان آشکار گشت.
After the dust of ambiguity was cleared, the truth became apparent to everyone.
Metaphorical/Literary.
پس از آنکه سلسله قاجار منقرض شد، دوران جدیدی در تاریخ ایران آغاز گردید.
After the Qajar dynasty became extinct, a new era in Iranian history began.
Historical analysis.
پس از آنکه فیلسوف مبانی فکری خود را تبیین کرد، منتقدان به چالش با او برخاستند.
After the philosopher explained his intellectual foundations, critics rose to challenge him.
Philosophical discourse.
پس از آنکه قوای نظامی عقبنشینی کردند، منطقه به تصرف نیروهای محلی درآمد.
After the military forces retreated, the region fell under the control of local forces.
Military reporting.
پس از آنکه تحولات ساختاری در سازمان رخ داد، بهرهوری به طرز چشمگیری افزایش یافت.
After structural changes occurred in the organization, productivity increased significantly.
Corporate jargon.
پس از آنکه هنرمند از سبک کلاسیک فاصله گرفت، به خلق آثار انتزاعی روی آورد.
After the artist distanced himself from the classical style, he turned to creating abstract works.
Art criticism.
پس از آنکه مذاکرات پشت درهای بسته انجام شد، بیانیهای مبهم صادر گردید.
After the negotiations were held behind closed doors, an ambiguous statement was issued.
Political nuance.
پس از آنکه نظام حقوقی اصلاح شد، عدالت با سرعت بیشتری اجرا گردید.
After the legal system was reformed, justice was administered more swiftly.
Legal reform.
پس از آنکه طوفان سهمگین فروکش کرد، سکوتی مرگبار بر ویرانهها حاکم شد.
After the fierce storm subsided, a deadly silence prevailed over the ruins.
Evocative literary style.
پس از آنکه مبانی هستیشناختی این مکتب زیر سوال رفت، پیروانش پراکنده شدند.
After the ontological foundations of this school were questioned, its followers dispersed.
High-level academic abstraction.
پس از آنکه استبداد رخت بربست، جوانههای آزادی در دل جامعه روییدن گرفت.
After tyranny departed, the sprouts of freedom began to grow in the heart of society.
Poetic personification.
پس از آنکه تعارضات درونی به اوج خود رسید، فروپاشی اجتنابناپذیر مینمود.
After internal conflicts reached their peak, collapse seemed inevitable.
Analytical narrative.
پس از آنکه تفکر مدرن در شرق رسوخ کرد، سنتهای دیرینه با چالشی جدی مواجه شدند.
After modern thought permeated the East, ancient traditions faced a serious challenge.
Cultural-historical analysis.
پس از آنکه حاکمیت قانون تثبیت شد، رفاه اجتماعی به تدریج فزونی یافت.
After the rule of law was established, social welfare gradually increased.
Political science terminology.
پس از آنکه پرده از رازهای مگو برداشته شد، چهره واقعی سیاستمداران عیان گشت.
After the veil was lifted from unspoken secrets, the true faces of the politicians became apparent.
Idiomatic literary expression.
پس از آنکه تحریمهای ظالمانه لغو گردید، چرخهای اقتصاد دوباره به گردش درآمد.
After the oppressive sanctions were lifted, the wheels of the economy began to turn again.
Rhetorical/Political language.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
پس از آنکه دیر شد
پس از آنکه همه رفتند
پس از آنکه کار از کار گذشت
پس از آنکه حقیقت فاش شد
پس از آنکه خورشید طلوع کرد
پس از آنکه باران بارید
پس از آنکه نامه رسید
پس از آنکه جنگ تمام شد
پس از آنکه او را دیدم
پس از آنکه متوجه شدم
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
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間違えやすい
文型パターン
使い方
In classical Persian, 'آنک' was often used without the 'e' sound, but modern Persian requires 'ānke'.
Standard across Iran, Afghanistan (Dari), and Tajikistan, though local synonyms may vary.
- Using 'پس از' with a verb: 'پس از رفت' (Wrong) vs 'پس از آنکه رفت' (Right).
- Confusing with 'پیش از آنکه' (Before).
- Using it in very casual settings where it sounds pretentious.
- Forgetting the 'ān' and saying 'پس از که'.
- Using the present indicative instead of the past for completed actions.
ヒント
Verb Choice
Always ensure your verb is conjugated. Never use an infinitive after 'آنکه'.
Formal Writing
Use this in essays to improve your score on 'lexical resource'.
News Clues
When you hear this, get ready for the 'result' in the next part of the sentence.
Pacing
Pause slightly after the 'ānke' clause to let the listener process the sequence.
Scanning
Look for this word to quickly find the timeline of events in a text.
Synonym Swap
Try replacing 'بعد از اینکه' with 'پس از آنکه' in your next formal email.
Register Awareness
Notice how characters in historical dramas use this to sound noble.
The 'Ke' Linker
Remember that 'ke' is like a hook that catches the sentence following it.
No Double Prepositions
Don't say 'بعد از پس از آنکه'. Use one or the other.
Past Perfect
Combine with 'Mazi Ba'id' for high-level precision in storytelling.
暗記しよう
語源
Middle Persian 'pas' (after) + 'az' (from) + 'ān' (that) + 'ke' (which).
文化的な背景
Standard in IRIB (Iranian TV) news broadcasts.
Using formal conjunctions like this in writing is expected; using them in a grocery store might seem odd.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"پس از آنکه درس تمام شد، چه برنامهای داری؟"
"پس از آنکه به ایران رفتی، کجا را اول میبینی؟"
"پس از آنکه این کتاب را خواندی، نظرت چه بود؟"
"پس از آنکه کار پیدا کردی، کجا زندگی خواهی کرد؟"
"پس از آنکه باران آمد، هوا چطور شد؟"
日記のテーマ
Write about what you did yesterday using 'پس از آنکه' at least three times.
Describe a historical event using formal temporal markers.
Explain a scientific process (like the water cycle) using this conjunction.
Write a formal letter to a professor describing your study plan.
Reflect on a major life change: 'پس از آنکه زندگیام تغییر کرد...'
よくある質問
10 問Generally no. Since it means 'after', the action is usually completed, requiring a past tense. For future 'after', Persian still often uses the past simple or the subjunctive depending on the certainty.
'پس از' is a preposition used with nouns (e.g., پس از ناهار). 'پس از آنکه' is a conjunction used with full sentences (e.g., پس از آنکه ناهار خوردیم).
Yes, it is a middle-ground between formal and informal. It is very common in modern writing.
No, it must introduce a clause. The clause itself can come after the main clause, but the conjunction must be at the start of its own clause.
Unlike 'پیش از آنکه' (before), which almost always takes the subjunctive, 'پس از آنکه' usually takes the indicative past.
Yes, frequently, to establish the sequence of narrative events.
Use 'بلافاصله پس از آنکه'.
In the spoken dialect, people usually say 'بعد از اینکه' or just 'بعد که'.
Only if you want to sound very formal or serious.
The most direct opposite is 'پیش از آنکه' (before that).
自分をテスト 180 問
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The conjunction 'پس از آنکه' is your primary tool for formal chronological sequencing. It bridges the gap between simple time markers and advanced narrative structure, requiring a past-tense clause to indicate a finished prior action.
- A formal conjunction meaning 'after that' or 'subsequent to the time that', used to link two complete clauses in Persian.
- Primarily used in written Persian, news, and formal speeches rather than daily colloquial conversation where 'ba'd az inke' is preferred.
- Requires a full clause (subject and verb) following it, usually with the verb in the past tense to show completion.
- Essential for B1+ learners to elevate their writing style and understand academic or journalistic Persian texts effectively.
Verb Choice
Always ensure your verb is conjugated. Never use an infinitive after 'آنکه'.
Formal Writing
Use this in essays to improve your score on 'lexical resource'.
News Clues
When you hear this, get ready for the 'result' in the next part of the sentence.
Pacing
Pause slightly after the 'ānke' clause to let the listener process the sequence.
例文
پس از آنکه کارش تمام شد، به خانه رفت.
関連コンテンツ
workの関連語
عایدی
B1Earnings, income; money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or investments.
عمل کردن
A2医者は患者を手術した。
عملکرد
B1人や機械がタスクを達成する方法。アクションの効率や結果の評価。
عملی
B1Practical, functional; relating to actual experience or use.
عملیاتی
B1稼働中の. システムは現在稼働中です.
اضافه کار
B2Work done in addition to one's regular working hours.
اضافه کاری
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اضافه کاری کردن
B1To do overtime; to work beyond normal working hours.
اداره
A1事務所は事務作業が行われる場所です。
اداره کردن
B1To manage, run, or administer an organization or task.
