Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the 'House of Movement' and reflexive actions to tell your life story with French precision.
- Identify which verbs use 'être' instead of 'avoir' in the past.
- Apply gender and number agreements to past participles.
- Conjugate reflexive verbs like 'se lever' in the past tense.
学べること
Hey French learner! You've already built a fantastic foundation in French, and now it's time to take your past tense skills to the next level. This chapter is all about mastering how to talk about movement and
actions you did to yourselfin the past—topics that are super common and essential for sounding natural! What you'll learn: You'll dive deep into using the verb
être (to be) in the past tense (Passé Composé). We’ll specifically focus on the famous DR MRS VANDERTRAMP verbs – those verbs of movement like *aller* (to go), *venir* (to come), *monter* (to go up), *descendre* (to go down), and many more. Plus, you’ll learn how to handle all those reflexive verbs, like *se laver* (to wash oneself) or *se préparer* (to get ready). The coolest part? You’ll discover how the past participle of these verbs has to change its spelling, just like an adjective, to perfectly match the gender and number of the subject (think adding -e, -s, or -es!). This creates a beautiful harmony in your sentences.
Why it matters:
Imagine you're chatting with a French friend and want to share your weekend adventures: I went to the marketor
They came to visit us.Or perhaps you need to describe your morning:
I woke up and got dressed.These are the moments where these specific rules come into play, making your French sound smooth and authentic. What you'll be able to do: By the end of this chapter, you’ll confidently recount past events involving movement and personal actions. You’ll be able to describe where you went, what you did to yourself, and easily share stories that truly reflect real-life situations. Get ready to add some serious fluency to your French!
-
助動詞 être を使う過去形 (複合過去)移動を表す「DR MRS VANDERTRAMP」の動詞と「代名動詞」は、必ず
êtreを使い、過去分詞を主語に «一致» させましょう! -
フランス語の過去形(êtreを用いる移動の動詞)特定の「移動」や「変化」を表す動詞は、過去形にする時に
êtreを使い、主語の性別や人数に合わせて «語尾のスペル» を変えるのがポイントです。 -
フランス語の過去分詞の一致:助動詞 Être の使い方助動詞が
êtreの時は、過去分詞を形容詞みたいに主語に合わせましょう。キーワードはe(女性)、s(複数)、es(女性複数) です! -
êtreを用いた過去分詞の性数一致助動詞に
êtreを使う過去形では、動詞を「形容詞」のように考えて、主語の性別や人数に合わせるのがコツです!allé,allée,allés,alléesのように変化します。 -
過去形の再帰動詞:自分を洗った(Passé Composé)再帰動詞ではいつも「être」を使い、直接目的語が続かない限り主語と性数一致します。「être」と「性数一致」を忘れずにね!
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
-
1
By the end you will be able to: List and use the 17 'DR MRS VANDERTRAMP' verbs in the past tense.
-
2
By the end you will be able to: Correctly add -e, -s, or -es to past participles based on the subject's gender and number.
-
3
By the end you will be able to: Describe a full morning routine in the past using reflexive verbs.
チャプターガイド
Overview
How This Grammar Works
House of Être or DR MRS VANDERTRAMP verbs. These are verbs like descendre (to go down), rester (to stay), monter (to go up), venir (to come), aller (to go), naître (to be born), devenir (to become), entrer (to enter), revenir (to come back), sortir (to go out), tomber (to fall), rentrer (to return), arriver (to arrive), mourir (to die), and partir (to leave). For example:Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: *Elle est allé au cinéma.*
- 1✗ Wrong: *Nous nous sommes préparé pour la fête.*
- 1✗ Wrong: *Ils ont venu hier.*
DR MRS VANDERTRAMP verb of movement, meaning it uses être as its auxiliary verb in the Passé Composé, not *avoir*. Also, the past participle *venu* needs to agree with the plural subject *ils* by adding an -s.Real Conversations
A
B
A
B
Quick FAQ
Why do some French verbs use *être* and others *avoir* in the Passé Composé?
Verbs that use être in the Passé Composé are primarily verbs of movement (like *aller*, *venir*) and all reflexive verbs (like *se laver*). Most other verbs use *avoir*. This distinction is key to French grammar A2.
Does past participle agreement always happen with *être*?
Yes, the French past participle agreement with être is mandatory. The past participle always agrees in gender and number with the subject of the verb when *être* is the auxiliary.
What are some common DR MRS VANDERTRAMP verbs I should memorize for Passé Composé avec être?
Essential verbs include aller (to go), venir (to come), monter (to go up), descendre (to go down), partir (to leave), arriver (to arrive), naître (to be born), and mourir (to die).
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (8)
ヒントとコツ (4)
「êtreの家」をイメージして!
être を使うことが多いですよ。 Je suis entré dans la maison.
「家の絵」でイメージしよう!
Je suis entré dans la maison.
鏡のルール
être を鏡だと思ってください!主語が女性なら、過去分詞も鏡に映ったように女性形にする必要があります。 Elle est sortie.魔法の呪文で覚えよう
être を使い、一致が必要です。 Je suis venue hier.
重要な語彙 (7)
Real-World Preview
Checking into a Hotel
Recounting a Busy Morning
Review Summary
- Subject + être (present) + Past Participle
- Participle + (e) + (s)
よくある間違い
Aller is a verb of movement and must use 'être' as the helper, not 'avoir'.
With 'être', the past participle must agree with the subject. Since 'Elle' is feminine, you must add an 'e'.
Reflexive verbs in the past always use 'être' and the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se...) comes before the auxiliary.
このチャプターのルール (5)
Next Steps
You've just unlocked a huge part of the French language! Being able to use 'être' in the past makes your French sound much more sophisticated and accurate. Keep practicing those agreements!
Write 5 sentences about your morning routine today.
Record a voice memo explaining where you went on your last vacation.
クイック練習 (10)
Elle ____ les mains avant de manger.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形の再帰動詞:自分を洗った(Passé Composé)
Select the correct sentence:
partir は être を使い、主語が elles(彼女たち)なので女性形 -e と複数形 -s の両方が必要です。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 助動詞 être を使う過去形 (複合過去)
一致が正しく行われている文を選んでください:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: êtreを用いた過去分詞の性数一致
Marie est _____ (partir) à huit heures.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の過去分詞の一致:助動詞 Être の使い方
文法的に正しいものを選んでください:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の過去分詞の一致:助動詞 Être の使い方
Marie est ___ (aller) au supermarché.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: êtreを用いた過去分詞の性数一致
Hier, je ___ ___ au parc.
aller は DR MRS VANDERTRAMP の動詞なので、助動詞は être を使います。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 助動詞 être を使う過去形 (複合過去)
Find and fix the mistake:
Elles sont venu en bus.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の過去分詞の一致:助動詞 Être の使い方
Marie est arrivé hier soir.
arrivé の最後に e を足して arrivée にする必要があります。frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 助動詞 être を使う過去形 (複合過去)
Find and fix the mistake:
間違い: Nous nous avons amusé à la fête.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形の再帰動詞:自分を洗った(Passé Composé)
Score: /10
よくある質問 (6)
être を使う16個の動詞の頭文字を並べた魔法の言葉です。 Devenir, Revenir, Monter... とリズムで覚えましょう。avoir の時は主語が誰でも形は変わりません。 être の時だけの特別なルールです。 "J'ai mangé« / »Elle a mangé"Je suis resté ici.
Je suis allée.
Elle était déjà partie.のように、 'être' が見えたら一致の準備をしましょう!