chinois 30秒で
- Chinois is the standard French adjective for 'Chinese', used for nationality, language, and culture with mandatory gender and number agreement.
- The word is lowercase as an adjective (un livre chinois) but capitalized as a noun for a person (un Chinois).
- It features in common idioms like 'C'est du chinois', meaning something is completely incomprehensible or confusing to the speaker.
- Pronunciation changes between masculine (silent 's') and feminine (audible 'z' sound) are essential for clear communication and fluency.
The term chinois is a versatile French adjective and noun that primarily refers to anything originating from China, including its people, language, and culture. At its most fundamental level, it serves as the standard descriptor for the nationality and the linguistic group. However, the word carries significant depth in the French language, evolving from a simple geographic marker into a rich source of metaphorical expressions and cultural references. When used as an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies: chinois (masculine singular), chinoise (feminine singular), chinois (masculine plural), and chinoises (feminine plural). Understanding this word requires more than just a translation; it requires an appreciation of how French speakers perceive the vastness and complexity of Chinese history and its influence on the West.
- Geographic Origin
- Relating to the country of China (la Chine).
- Linguistic Marker
- Refers to the Mandarin language or other Sinitic languages.
- Metaphorical Usage
- Often used to describe something incomprehensible or overly complex.
J'aime beaucoup la cuisine chinoise traditionnelle.
Historically, the word entered the French lexicon through trade and exploration. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the 'Chinoiserie' movement in French art and decor showcased an obsession with Chinese aesthetics, which solidified the word's place in the high-culture vocabulary. Today, it is ubiquitous, appearing in contexts ranging from international diplomacy to the local 'traiteur chinois' (Chinese deli) found in almost every French neighborhood. It is important to note the distinction between the adjective (lower case) and the noun referring to a person (upper case: un Chinois), a rule that is strictly followed in formal French writing.
Il apprend le chinois depuis trois ans.
Cette porcelaine chinoise est d'une grande valeur.
Les investisseurs chinois s'intéressent au marché européen.
Elle porte une robe avec des motifs chinois.
- Cultural Nuance
- In France, 'chinois' often encompasses a broad range of East Asian influences in casual speech, though this is becoming less common as specificities are better understood.
- The 'C'est du chinois' Idiom
- Equivalent to 'It's Greek to me,' signifying total lack of understanding.
Using the word chinois correctly involves mastering its grammatical agreement and its position in a sentence. In French, adjectives of nationality almost always follow the noun they modify. For example, you would say 'un restaurant chinois' and not 'un chinois restaurant'. This placement is crucial for natural-sounding French. Furthermore, the gender agreement is audible: the 's' in chinois is silent, but when you add an 'e' for the feminine chinoise, the 's' is pronounced like a 'z'. This phonetic shift is a key marker for learners to distinguish between masculine and feminine contexts.
- Adjective Placement
- Always after the noun: 'un film chinois'.
- Gender Agreement
- Masculine: chinois (silent s). Feminine: chinoise (pronounced z).
- Pluralization
- Add an 's' to the feminine (chinoises), but the masculine remains 'chinois'.
In professional or academic settings, chinois is used to describe economic trends, geopolitical shifts, or historical periods. For instance, 'le marché chinois' (the Chinese market) is a frequent topic in business news. In a more casual setting, you might encounter it in the kitchen. French culinary vocabulary includes 'le chou chinois' (napa cabbage) and 'la fondue chinoise' (hot pot). It is also used in technical terms like 'une ombre chinoise' (shadow puppet), which refers to the traditional art form. Mastery of this word involves knowing when to use it literally and when it appears in these fixed expressions.
Pourriez-vous m'expliquer ce texte ? Pour moi, c'est du chinois.
Nous avons visité le quartier chinois de Paris le week-end dernier.
Les calligraphies chinoises sont de véritables œuvres d'art.
You will encounter the word chinois in a variety of daily environments in France. One of the most common places is in the 'quartiers chinois' (Chinatowns), particularly the famous one in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. Here, the word is on every sign, menu, and advertisement. In the media, 'chinois' is a staple of international news reporting, especially concerning global trade, technology (like 5G or smartphones), and environmental policies. Radio hosts and news anchors frequently discuss 'la croissance chinoise' (Chinese growth) or 'le gouvernement chinois'.
In the education system, 'le chinois' is increasingly popular as a second or third language (LV2 or LV3) in French middle and high schools. Students will often say, 'J'ai cours de chinois' (I have Chinese class). In the world of cinema, French critics often discuss 'le cinéma chinois', referencing directors like Wong Kar-wai or Zhang Yimou. Even in casual social gatherings, if someone is explaining a complex mathematical formula or a confusing legal document, a friend might joke, 'Arrête, c'est du chinois !' This idiomatic usage is deeply embedded in the French psyche and is heard across all age groups.
Le nouvel an chinois est célébré avec ferveur à Paris.
Avez-vous déjà goûté au thé chinois fumé ?
One of the most frequent errors for English speakers is the capitalization of the adjective. In English, 'Chinese' is always capitalized. In French, chinois is only capitalized when it is a noun referring to a person (e.g., 'Un Chinois est venu nous voir'). If you are describing a thing, it remains lowercase (e.g., 'un livre chinois'). Another common pitfall is the gender agreement. Because the masculine form ends in a silent 's', learners often forget to add the 'e' and pronounce the 'z' sound for feminine nouns. Saying 'la culture chinois' instead of 'la culture chinoise' is a hallmark of a beginner mistake.
- Capitalization Error
- Writing 'La cuisine Chinoise' (Incorrect) vs 'La cuisine chinoise' (Correct).
- Agreement Error
- Using 'chinois' for feminine nouns like 'langue' or 'histoire'.
- Pronunciation Error
- Failing to pronounce the 'z' sound in 'chinoise'.
Additionally, learners sometimes confuse the language name with the adjective. While 'le chinois' refers to the language, you cannot use it to describe a person without the article and capitalization. There is also the 'C'est du chinois' idiom which is sometimes misused. It specifically refers to something that is intellectually or linguistically incomprehensible, not just something that is physically messy or disorganized. Finally, be careful with the plural: 'chinois' (masculine plural) does not change from the singular, which can lead to confusion in writing if the context isn't clear.
While chinois is the most common term, several related words can provide more precision or context. Asiatique (Asian) is a broader term often used when the specific nationality is unknown or when referring to the continent as a whole. However, using 'asiatique' when you specifically mean 'chinois' can sometimes feel overly vague. For more linguistic precision, one might use mandarin or cantonais to specify the dialect of Chinese being spoken. In a historical or formal context, the prefix sino- is used in compound words like 'sino-français' (Sino-French) or 'sino-américain'.
- Asiatique
- Broader term for anyone or anything from Asia.
- Mandarin
- Specific term for the official language of China.
- Sino-
- Prefix used for international relations and history.
In the realm of art and history, Chinoiserie refers to the European imitation of Chinese artistic traditions. Another related term is oriental, though this word is increasingly considered dated or Eurocentric in modern French and should be used with caution. When discussing the people, ressortissant chinois (Chinese national) is a more formal, administrative term used in legal or news contexts. Understanding these synonyms and related terms allows for a more nuanced and respectful command of the language, moving beyond the basic A1 level.
Les relations sino-japonaises sont complexes.
Il parle couramment le mandarin.
How Formal Is It?
難易度
知っておくべき文法
Adjectives of nationality
Gender agreement of adjectives
Capitalization of proper nouns vs adjectives
Plural of adjectives ending in -s
Definite articles with languages
レベル別の例文
C'est un restaurant chinois.
It is a Chinese restaurant.
Adjective follows the noun.
Elle est chinoise.
She is Chinese.
Feminine agreement: add -e.
J'apprends le chinois.
I am learning Chinese.
Language names are masculine.
Tu aimes le thé chinois ?
Do you like Chinese tea?
Masculine adjective 'chinois'.
Ils sont chinois.
They are Chinese.
Plural masculine stays 'chinois'.
C'est une voiture chinoise.
It is a Chinese car.
Feminine agreement.
Voici mon ami chinois.
Here is my Chinese friend.
Masculine singular.
Le drapeau chinois est rouge.
The Chinese flag is red.
Adjective 'chinois' modifies 'drapeau'.
Nous allons au quartier chinois.
We are going to Chinatown.
Common phrase 'quartier chinois'.
Le Nouvel An chinois est en février.
Chinese New Year is in February.
Proper noun phrase.
Je ne comprends pas, c'est du chinois !
I don't understand, it's Greek to me!
Idiomatic expression.
Elle achète des vases chinois.
She buys Chinese vases.
Plural agreement.
La muraille chinoise est très longue.
The Great Wall of China is very long.
Feminine adjective 'chinoise'.
Il y a beaucoup de touristes chinois à Paris.
There are many Chinese tourists in Paris.
Plural adjective.
Ce sont des ombres chinoises.
These are shadow puppets.
Fixed expression.
J'aime la calligraphie chinoise.
I like Chinese calligraphy.
Feminine agreement.
L'économie chinoise progresse rapidement.
The Chinese economy is progressing rapidly.
Economic context.
Le gouvernement chinois a pris une décision.
The Chinese government made a decision.
Political context.
Il s'intéresse à l'histoire chinoise ancienne.
He is interested in ancient Chinese history.
Academic context.
Les entreprises chinoises investissent ici.
Chinese companies are investing here.
Business context.
C'est un film chinois sous-titré.
It's a Chinese film with subtitles.
Cultural context.
Elle parle un chinois parfait.
She speaks perfect Chinese.
Language as a noun.
La porcelaine chinoise est célèbre.
Chinese porcelain is famous.
Adjective 'chinoise'.
Nous étudions les traditions chinoises.
We are studying Chinese traditions.
Plural feminine.
La diplomatie chinoise est très active en Afrique.
Chinese diplomacy is very active in Africa.
Geopolitical context.
Ce casse-tête chinois est impossible à résoudre.
This Chinese puzzle is impossible to solve.
Idiom for a difficult problem.
L'influence chinoise se fait sentir partout.
Chinese influence is felt everywhere.
Abstract noun modification.
Il a écrit une thèse sur la littérature chinoise.
He wrote a thesis on Chinese literature.
Formal academic use.
Les exportations chinoises ont baissé ce mois-ci.
Chinese exports fell this month.
Economic terminology.
La diaspora chinoise est très organisée.
The Chinese diaspora is very organized.
Sociological term.
Le marché chinois est devenu incontournable.
The Chinese market has become unavoidable.
Business strategy context.
Elle admire la philosophie chinoise.
She admires Chinese philosophy.
Intellectual context.
L'hégémonie chinoise soulève des questions éthiques.
Chinese hegemony raises ethical questions.
Advanced political vocabulary.
Il analyse les subtilités de la syntaxe chinoise.
He analyzes the subtleties of Chinese syntax.
Technical linguistic use.
Le soft power chinois passe par les Instituts Confucius.
Chinese soft power works through Confucius Institutes.
Modern geopolitical theory.
La peinture chinoise privilégie le vide et le plein.
Chinese painting favors the void and the solid.
Artistic theory.
Les revendications chinoises en mer de Chine sont contestées.
Chinese claims in the South China Sea are contested.
Specific geographic/political use.
On assiste à une sinisation de certains produits chinois.
We are witnessing a sinicization of certain Chinese products.
Advanced derivative concepts.
L'esthétique chinoise a influencé le rococo français.
Chinese aesthetics influenced French Rococo.
Historical art history.
Le pragmatisme chinois est souvent mal compris en Occident.
Chinese pragmatism is often misunderstood in the West.
Philosophical/Cultural analysis.
L'herméneutique des textes chinois classiques est ardue.
The hermeneutics of classical Chinese texts is arduous.
Highly academic register.
La résilience du modèle chinois défie les prévisions.
The resilience of the Chinese model defies forecasts.
Complex abstract subject.
Il s'agit d'une instrumentalisation de la culture chinoise.
It is an instrumentalization of Chinese culture.
Critical theory vocabulary.
La dialectique sino-américaine façonne le XXIe siècle.
The Sino-American dialectic shapes the 21st century.
Advanced geopolitical rhetoric.
L'ontologie chinoise diffère radicalement de la pensée grecque.
Chinese ontology differs radically from Greek thought.
Philosophical comparison.
Les velléités chinoises de leadership mondial sont manifestes.
Chinese aspirations for global leadership are manifest.
Sophisticated vocabulary (velléités).
La sémantique du mot 'chinois' a évolué au fil des siècles.
The semantics of the word 'Chinese' has evolved over centuries.
Meta-linguistic analysis.
L'imbrication des intérêts chinois et mondiaux est totale.
The intertwining of Chinese and global interests is total.
Advanced descriptive noun phrase.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
間違えやすい
文型パターン
使い方
Be careful not to use 'chinois' as a blanket term for all Asian cultures, as it can be seen as insensitive.
In formal documents, use 'de nationalité chinoise' instead of just 'chinois'.
- Capitalizing the adjective 'chinois' in 'la cuisine Chinoise'.
- Pronouncing the 's' in the masculine singular 'chinois'.
- Forgetting the 'e' in the feminine 'chinoise'.
- Placing the adjective before the noun: 'le chinois restaurant'.
- Using 'chinois' to refer to all Asian people regardless of origin.
ヒント
Agreement
Always match 'chinois' with the noun. If the noun is feminine, add an 'e'. If it is plural feminine, add 'es'.
The Silent S
Never pronounce the 's' in the masculine form 'chinois'. It should sound like 'shee-nwa'. Pronouncing the 's' is a common error.
Language vs Person
Use 'le chinois' for the language and 'un Chinois' for the person. Remember the capitalization difference. It matters in formal writing.
Incomprehension
Use 'C'est du chinois' when you see a difficult math problem. It makes you sound more like a native speaker. It is a friendly, common idiom.
New Year
The 'Nouvel An chinois' is a great time to practice this vocabulary. Look for events in French cities. You will see the word everywhere.
Adjective Position
Place 'chinois' after the noun, always. 'Un restaurant chinois' is correct. 'Un chinois restaurant' is incorrect and sounds English.
Lowercase
Keep it lowercase for food and objects. 'La cuisine chinoise' is the correct way to write it. English speakers often forget this.
Precision
If you know someone is from China, 'Chinois' is correct. If you aren't sure, 'Asiatique' is safer. Being precise is always better in conversation.
Sino- Prefix
Use 'sino-' for international relations. 'Les relations sino-françaises' sounds very professional. It is useful for B2 level and above.
Visual Link
Associate 'chinois' with a red lantern. Every time you see one, say 'chinois' or 'chinoise'. This builds a strong mental connection.
暗記しよう
記憶術
In a Chinese (chinois) restaurant, you ask 'Quoi?' (wa) because the menu is 'du chinois' to you.
語源
From the Portuguese 'China', likely derived from the Sanskrit 'Cina', referring to the Qin dynasty.
文化的な背景
The term 'Chinoiserie' describes a specific 18th-century European artistic style inspired by China.
When meeting a 'Chinois' in a formal French setting, standard French greetings apply, but awareness of Chinese business etiquette is highly valued.
Chinese food in France is often adapted to local tastes, frequently found in 'buffets à volonté'.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"Est-ce que tu aimes la cuisine chinoise ?"
"As-tu déjà visité le quartier chinois à Paris ?"
"Est-ce que le chinois est une langue difficile à apprendre ?"
"Que penses-tu du cinéma chinois ?"
"Connais-tu les traditions du Nouvel An chinois ?"
日記のテーマ
Décrivez votre plat chinois préféré.
Pourquoi aimeriez-vous (ou pas) apprendre le chinois ?
Racontez une fois où quelque chose était 'du chinois' pour vous.
Imaginez une visite à la Grande Muraille de Chine.
Faites votre propre portrait chinois (Si j'étais...).
よくある質問
10 問Only if it is a noun referring to a person. For adjectives and languages, use lowercase. This is a strict rule in French grammar. For example: 'Un Chinois' but 'un livre chinois'.
The 's' becomes a 'z' sound because of the 'e' at the end. It sounds like 'shee-nwaz'. In the masculine 'chinois', the 's' is silent. This is a key distinction.
It means 'It's Greek to me' or 'I don't understand a word'. It is used for anything incomprehensible. It is a very common idiomatic expression in France.
Yes, in general conversation, 'le chinois' covers all Chinese languages. If you want to be specific, use 'le mandarin' or 'le cantonais'. Most French people assume Mandarin.
The main one is in the 13th arrondissement, near Place d'Italie. There is also a smaller one in Belleville. These areas are famous for food and culture.
Yes, it is considered basic vocabulary for nationalities and languages. You should learn it early in your French studies. It helps in describing yourself and your interests.
Yes, 'le chinois' is the language, and 'un Chinois' is a person. As a noun for a person, it must be capitalized. As a language, it is lowercase.
It is a game of creative metaphors used to describe someone's personality. You answer questions like 'If you were a color, what would you be?'. It is a common icebreaker.
For masculine, it stays 'chinois'. For feminine, it becomes 'chinoises'. The pronunciation for both feminine singular and plural is the same.
Not necessarily, but it can mean an 'unnecessary complication' in a bureaucratic sense. In art, it is a neutral term for a specific style. Context is very important.
自分をテスト 180 問
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Mastering 'chinois' involves more than translation; it requires understanding its grammatical placement after nouns, its phonetic shifts in feminine forms, and its frequent metaphorical use in French idioms to describe complexity or lack of understanding.
- Chinois is the standard French adjective for 'Chinese', used for nationality, language, and culture with mandatory gender and number agreement.
- The word is lowercase as an adjective (un livre chinois) but capitalized as a noun for a person (un Chinois).
- It features in common idioms like 'C'est du chinois', meaning something is completely incomprehensible or confusing to the speaker.
- Pronunciation changes between masculine (silent 's') and feminine (audible 'z' sound) are essential for clear communication and fluency.
Agreement
Always match 'chinois' with the noun. If the noun is feminine, add an 'e'. If it is plural feminine, add 'es'.
The Silent S
Never pronounce the 's' in the masculine form 'chinois'. It should sound like 'shee-nwa'. Pronouncing the 's' is a common error.
Language vs Person
Use 'le chinois' for the language and 'un Chinois' for the person. Remember the capitalization difference. It matters in formal writing.
Incomprehension
Use 'C'est du chinois' when you see a difficult math problem. It makes you sound more like a native speaker. It is a friendly, common idiom.
例文
Elle parle chinois couramment.
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
à cause de
A2「〜のせいで」や「〜が原因で」を意味する前置詞句。通常、否定的または中立的な原因を説明する際に使われます。
à côté
A2〜の隣に；〜のそばに。
à côté de
A2Next to, beside.
À droite
A2右へ、または右側に。例：「次の角を右に曲がってください」。
À gauche
A2To the left; on the left side.
à la
A2前置詞「à」と女性定冠詞「la」の組み合わせで、「〜へ」や「〜に」を意味します。
à laquelle
B2To which; at which (feminine singular).
à mesure que
B2〜するにつれて。
abrégé
B1An abstract, summary, or abridgment.
absence
A2The state of being away from a place or person.
