mourir 30秒で
- Mourir is the French verb for 'to die', used for both literal death and extreme physical or emotional states like hunger or laughter.
- It is an irregular verb that uses 'être' in the passé composé, meaning the past participle 'mort' must agree with the subject.
- Commonly followed by 'de' to indicate the cause of death or feeling, such as 'mourir de faim' or 'mourir de peur'.
- Synonyms range from the formal 'décéder' to the poetic 's'éteindre', while 'se mourir' describes a slow, agonizing decline.
The French verb mourir is a fundamental pillar of the language, representing the biological cessation of life. However, its utility extends far beyond the literal grave. In French, mourir is frequently employed to express hyperbolic states of being, such as extreme hunger, thirst, or desire. Understanding this verb requires a grasp of its irregular conjugation and its role as a 'Vandertramp' verb, meaning it utilizes the auxiliary être in compound tenses.
- Literal Sense
- The transition from life to death. It is used for humans, animals, and plants.
- Figurative Sense
- To fade away, to disappear, or to experience an overwhelming emotion (e.g., dying of laughter).
- Grammatical Category
- Irregular third-group verb (-ir) requiring the auxiliary 'être'.
"Les fleurs vont mourir si tu ne les arroses pas."
— The flowers will die if you don't water them.
In a philosophical context, mourir is often contrasted with naître (to be born). It carries a weight of finality, yet in daily conversation, it is lightened by idioms. For instance, saying "Je meurs de faim" is the standard way to say "I'm starving," showing how the French language uses the ultimate end to describe temporary discomfort.
"Il est mort en héros pour son pays."
— He died as a hero for his country.
"Elle est morte de rire après sa blague."
— She died of laughter after his joke.
- Biological Context
- Used in medical or news reports to indicate the end of life.
- Metaphorical Context
- Used to describe objects breaking down (e.g., a battery dying).
"Le secret va mourir avec lui."
— The secret will die with him.
"Je ne veux pas mourir idiot."
— I don't want to die stupid (meaning: I want to learn this).
Using mourir correctly involves mastering its conjugation patterns and the prepositions that follow it. As an irregular verb, its stem changes significantly across tenses. In the present tense, the stem 'mour-' changes to 'meur-' for singular subjects and the third-person plural.
- Conjugation Present
- Je meurs, tu meurs, il meurt, nous mourons, vous mourez, ils meurent.
- Passé Composé
- Requires 'être'. Example: Je suis mort, elle est morte, ils sont morts.
- Preposition 'de'
- Used to indicate the cause: mourir de froid, mourir de peur, mourir d'ennui.
"Nous mourons d'envie de vous voir."
— We are dying to see you.
When using the verb in the past tense, the past participle mort also functions as an adjective meaning 'dead'. This can be confusing for learners. For example, "Il est mort" can mean "He died" (action) or "He is dead" (state). Context usually clarifies the intended meaning. In literary French, you might encounter the passé simple: il mourut, which is essential for reading classic novels.
"Ma batterie est morte."
— My battery is dead.
"Si tu ne manges pas, tu vas mourir."
— If you don't eat, you are going to die.
- Future Tense
- Je mourrai (note the double 'r').
- Subjunctive
- Que je meure, que nous mourions.
"Il faut bien mourir un jour."
— One has to die someday.
You will encounter mourir in a variety of registers, from the most formal to the most casual. In news broadcasts, it is used to report fatalities in accidents or conflicts. In literature, it is a central theme of poetry and drama, exploring the human condition and the passage of time.
- In the News
- "Trois personnes sont mortes dans l'incendie." (Three people died in the fire.)
- In Pop Culture
- Song lyrics often use 'mourir d'amour' (dying of love) to express passion.
- In Daily Life
- Hyperbolic expressions like 'mourir de soif' are heard at every dinner table.
"On meurt de chaud ici !"
— It's boiling hot in here! (Literally: We are dying of heat.)
Cinema and television frequently use the verb in dramatic climaxes. However, in polite conversation regarding someone's passing, French speakers often prefer softer terms like disparaître (to disappear) or nous quitter (to leave us). Despite this, mourir remains the standard, direct term that every learner must know to navigate social reality.
"Le vieil homme est mort paisiblement."
— The old man died peacefully.
"Tu me fais mourir de rire !"
— You're making me die of laughter!
The most frequent error for English speakers is using the wrong auxiliary verb. Because English says "He has died," learners often try to say "Il a mort". In French, mourir is a verb of motion/state change and strictly requires être.
- Auxiliary Error
- Using 'avoir' instead of 'être' in the passé composé.
- Agreement Error
- Forgetting to add 'e' or 's' to 'mort' (e.g., 'Elles sont mortes').
- Spelling Confusion
- Confusing 'mourir' (verb) with 'mort' (noun/adjective) or 'mortel' (mortal).
"Elle est morte hier." (Correct agreement)
— She died yesterday.
Another mistake involves the future tense. Many learners write "mourira" with one 'r', but the future and conditional stems of mourir require a double 'r': mourrai, mourras, mourra. This distinguishes it from the present tense pronunciation in some accents. Finally, avoid using mourir when you mean 'to kill' (tuer). You cannot 'mourir' someone else.
"Je mourrai de bonheur." (Future tense with double 'r')
— I will die of happiness.
French offers several synonyms for mourir, each with a specific nuance or register. Choosing the right one can make your French sound more natural and sophisticated.
- Décéder
- Formal/Administrative. Used in legal documents and obituaries.
- S'éteindre
- Literally 'to go out' (like a light). A poetic way to describe a peaceful death.
- Disparaître
- To disappear. A common euphemism used by family members.
- Passer l'arme à gauche
- Slang. Equivalent to 'to kick the bucket'.
"Le poète s'est éteint à l'âge de 90 ans."
— The poet passed away at the age of 90.
While mourir is the most versatile, décéder is strictly for humans. You would never say a dog 'est décédé' unless you were being extremely personifying. Conversely, crever is a very vulgar way to say 'to die', often used for animals or in angry slang about people. Use it with extreme caution.
"Il est décédé des suites d'une longue maladie."
— He passed away following a long illness.
How Formal Is It?
難易度
知っておくべき文法
DR MRS VANDERTRAMP
Past Participle Agreement
Irregular -ir verbs
Future tense stem changes
Subjunctive mood triggers
レベル別の例文
Le vieux chien est mort.
The old dog died.
Uses 'être' + past participle.
Je meurs de faim !
I am starving!
Present tense, hyperbolic use.
Les fleurs meurent sans eau.
Flowers die without water.
Present tense plural.
Est-ce que le chat est mort ?
Is the cat dead?
Question with 'est-ce que'.
Il ne veut pas mourir.
He does not want to die.
Infinitive after 'vouloir'.
Ma plante est morte.
My plant is dead.
Feminine agreement: morte.
Nous mourons de soif.
We are dying of thirst.
Nous form of present tense.
Le roi est mort.
The king is dead.
Common historical phrase.
Elle est morte de vieillesse.
She died of old age.
Preposition 'de' for cause.
Je meurs d'envie de manger une glace.
I'm dying to eat an ice cream.
Idiom: mourir d'envie de.
Ils sont morts dans un accident.
They died in an accident.
Plural agreement: morts.
On meurt de chaud dans cette chambre.
It's boiling hot in this room.
Hyperbole with 'on'.
Le grand-père est mort l'année dernière.
The grandfather died last year.
Passé composé with time marker.
Tu meurs de peur, n'est-ce pas ?
You're dying of fear, aren't you?
Idiom: mourir de peur.
Beaucoup de soldats sont morts à la guerre.
Many soldiers died in the war.
Plural subject agreement.
La batterie de mon téléphone va mourir.
My phone battery is going to die.
Futur proche usage.
Il mourait de solitude dans sa grande maison.
He was dying of loneliness in his big house.
Imparfait for ongoing state.
Je mourrai de rire si tu fais ça.
I will die of laughter if you do that.
Future tense with double 'r'.
Elle craignait que son secret ne meure avec elle.
She feared that her secret would die with her.
Subjunctive mood after 'craindre'.
Le poète est mort avant d'avoir fini son œuvre.
The poet died before finishing his work.
Passé composé + 'avant de'.
Nous mourions d'impatience d'ouvrir les cadeaux.
We were dying of impatience to open the gifts.
Imparfait of 'mourir'.
Si je ne réussis pas, je vais en mourir.
If I don't succeed, I'll die of it.
Use of 'en' to refer to the cause.
Les traditions meurent si on ne les pratique plus.
Traditions die if they are no longer practiced.
Metaphorical use for abstract nouns.
Il est mort subitement d'une crise cardiaque.
He died suddenly of a heart attack.
Adverb 'subitement' + cause.
L'espoir ne meurt jamais, dit-on.
Hope never dies, they say.
Abstract subject with 'jamais'.
Il s'est laissé mourir de chagrin.
He let himself die of grief.
Pronominal 'se laisser' + infinitive.
Bien qu'il meure, son héritage restera.
Although he may die, his legacy will remain.
Subjunctive after 'bien que'.
Elle mourrait plutôt que de trahir ses amis.
She would rather die than betray her friends.
Conditional mood for hypothetical.
Le feu mourait lentement dans la cheminée.
The fire was slowly dying in the fireplace.
Metaphorical use for fire.
Il est mort en martyr pour sa cause.
He died as a martyr for his cause.
Preposition 'en' + noun.
On ne meurt qu'une fois.
One only dies once.
Restrictive 'ne... que'.
Ses paroles me font mourir de honte.
His words make me die of shame.
Causative 'faire' + infinitive.
La civilisation se meurt sous nos yeux.
Civilization is dying before our eyes.
Pronominal 'se mourir' for slow decline.
Il mourut dans l'anonymat le plus total.
He died in total anonymity.
Passé simple (literary).
Mourir pour des idées, c'est bien, mais lesquelles ?
Dying for ideas is fine, but which ones?
Infinitive as subject (Brassens quote).
Elle se mourait d'un mal mystérieux.
She was dying of a mysterious ailment.
Imparfait of 'se mourir'.
Le jour mourait sur la colline.
The day was dying on the hill.
Poetic personification of time.
Il est mort de sa belle mort.
He died a natural death (in his sleep).
Idiom: mourir de sa belle mort.
Qu'il meure ou qu'il vive, peu m'importe.
Whether he dies or lives, I don't care.
Double subjunctive for indifference.
La langue se meurt faute de locuteurs.
The language is dying for lack of speakers.
Pronominal 'se mourir' + 'faute de'.
L'être humain est un être-pour-la-mort.
Human being is a being-towards-death.
Philosophical Heideggerian term.
Il mourut comme il avait vécu : en solitaire.
He died as he had lived: as a loner.
Passé simple + plus-que-parfait.
C'est une ville qui se meurt, une ville fantôme.
It's a city that is dying, a ghost town.
Pronominal 'se mourir' for urban decay.
Mourir, dormir, rien de plus.
To die, to sleep, nothing more.
Shakespearean translation (Hamlet).
Il a fallu qu'il mourût pour qu'on l'appréciât.
He had to die for people to appreciate him.
Imparfait du subjonctif (very formal).
La passion se meurt quand l'habitude s'installe.
Passion dies when habit sets in.
Metaphorical use in psychology.
Il est mort au champ d'honneur.
He died on the field of honor.
Military euphemism.
Elle ne mourra pas tout entière ; ses écrits resteront.
She will not die entirely; her writings will remain.
Literary future tense (Horace allusion).
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
間違えやすい
To ripen (has a circumflex).
Sea (sounds similar).
Mother (sounds similar).
Mortal (adjective).
Murder (noun).
文型パターン
使い方
Rarely used in the passive voice; 'être mort' is the standard state.
Extremely common in daily French for emphasis.
- Using 'avoir' instead of 'être' in the passé composé (e.g., 'J'ai mort').
- Forgetting the agreement of the past participle 'mort'.
- Spelling the future tense with only one 'r' (e.g., 'mourira').
- Confusing 'mourir' (to die) with 'mûrir' (to ripen).
- Using 'mourir' as a transitive verb (e.g., 'Il a mouru son chien').
ヒント
Agreement is Key
Always agree the past participle 'mort'. If the subject is 'elles', write 'mortes'. If the subject is 'ils', write 'morts'. This is a very common test point.
Use Synonyms
To sound more advanced, use 's'éteindre' for a peaceful death. Use 'périr' for a violent or accidental death. Use 'décéder' for formal writing. This variety shows better language control.
The French R
The 'r' in 'mourir' is guttural. Practice saying 'mou' then the 'rir' from the back of your throat. Don't let it sound like an English 'r'. The double 'r' in future is even stronger.
Hyperbole
Don't be afraid to use 'mourir de...' for feelings. It makes you sound more like a native speaker. 'Je meurs de chaud' is much more natural than 'J'ai très chaud'. It adds color to your speech.
Future Tense
Remember the double 'r' in 'mourra'. It's a common trap in spelling bees and exams. Write it out five times to remember: mourrai, mourras, mourra. It's different from 'courra' (run).
MDR
Use 'MDR' in your French text messages. It stands for 'mort de rire'. It's the exact equivalent of 'LOL'. It shows you are familiar with modern French culture. Everyone uses it.
Context Clues
If you hear 'mort', check if there is an 'est' before it. 'Il est mort' means he died. 'La mort' means death. Listening for the auxiliary verb helps you understand the grammar.
Avoid 'Tuer'
Remember that 'mourir' is something that happens to you. 'Tuer' is something you do to someone else. You cannot 'mourir' a fly; you 'tue' a fly. Keep these two verbs separate.
Vandertramp
Include 'mourir' in your Vandertramp mnemonic. It's one of the most important verbs in that group. Associate it with 'naître' to remember they both use 'être'. They are the start and end.
Politeness
When talking about a real person who died, be careful. 'Il est mort' is direct. 'Il nous a quittés' is softer. Use the softer version if you are talking to the family. It shows cultural sensitivity.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of 'Mortal' or 'Mortuary'. The 'mou-' sound is like a 'moo' from a cow that is about to 'mourir'.
語源
Latin 'mori'
文化的な背景
Short for 'mort de rire', used constantly in texting.
French people often say 'il nous a quittés' (he left us) to be polite.
The theme of 'memento mori' is prevalent in French classical art.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"As-tu peur de mourir ?"
"Est-ce que tu meurs d'envie de voyager ?"
"Quel est le dernier film qui t'a fait mourir de rire ?"
"Que penses-tu de l'expression 'mourir pour ses idées' ?"
"As-tu déjà vu une plante mourir ?"
日記のテーマ
Décrivez une fois où vous êtes mort d'envie de faire quelque chose.
Réflexion sur la finitude de la vie.
Imaginez un monde où personne ne meurt.
Quel héritage voulez-vous laisser après votre mort ?
Racontez une blague qui fait mourir de rire.
よくある質問
10 問No, 'mourir' always uses 'être' in compound tenses. This is a common mistake for English speakers. You must say 'il est mort'. Remember the Vandertramp list. Agreement with the subject is mandatory.
Mourir is the general term for all living things. Décéder is formal and only used for humans. You find 'décéder' in legal contexts. In casual speech, 'mourir' is preferred. 'Décéder' is more like 'to pass away'.
The most common way is 'Je meurs de faim'. It literally means 'I am dying of hunger'. It is very common and not considered too dramatic. You can also say 'J'ai une faim de loup'. But 'mourir de faim' is standard.
It can be both. 'La mort' (feminine noun) means 'death'. 'Mort' (adjective/past participle) means 'dead'. For example, 'Il est mort' (He is dead). Context tells you which one it is.
The future and conditional stems of 'mourir' are irregular. They require a double 'r' to distinguish them. 'Je mourrai' is future, 'Je mourrais' is conditional. This is a key spelling rule to remember. It helps with pronunciation in some dialects.
Yes, it is very common to say 'Ma batterie va mourir'. It means the battery is about to die. You can also say 'Mon téléphone est mort'. This is the same metaphorical use as in English. It's perfectly natural in French.
The pronominal form 'se mourir' means to be in the process of dying. It often implies a slow or fading death. It is used for people or abstract things like 'une langue qui se meurt'. It is more poetic and dramatic. It suggests a gradual decline.
No, it is informal but very common. You can use it with friends and family. It is the origin of the text abbreviation 'MDR'. In a formal setting, you might say 'C'était très amusant'. But 'mourir de rire' is not vulgar.
It is irregular: Je meurs, tu meurs, il meurt, nous mourons, vous mourez, ils meurent. Notice the stem change from 'meur-' to 'mour-'. The 'nous' and 'vous' forms keep the 'ou'. This is typical for many irregular -ir verbs.
The direct opposite is 'naître' (to be born). Another opposite is 'vivre' (to live). Both 'naître' and 'mourir' are Vandertramp verbs. They both use 'être' in the passé composé. They represent the two bookends of life.
自分をテスト 180 問
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Mourir is an essential, irregular 'être' verb that covers everything from biological death to hyperbolic everyday expressions. Mastery requires careful attention to its stem changes (meurs/mourons) and past participle agreement (mort/morte/morts/mortes).
- Mourir is the French verb for 'to die', used for both literal death and extreme physical or emotional states like hunger or laughter.
- It is an irregular verb that uses 'être' in the passé composé, meaning the past participle 'mort' must agree with the subject.
- Commonly followed by 'de' to indicate the cause of death or feeling, such as 'mourir de faim' or 'mourir de peur'.
- Synonyms range from the formal 'décéder' to the poetic 's'éteindre', while 'se mourir' describes a slow, agonizing decline.
Agreement is Key
Always agree the past participle 'mort'. If the subject is 'elles', write 'mortes'. If the subject is 'ils', write 'morts'. This is a very common test point.
Use Synonyms
To sound more advanced, use 's'éteindre' for a peaceful death. Use 'périr' for a violent or accidental death. Use 'décéder' for formal writing. This variety shows better language control.
The French R
The 'r' in 'mourir' is guttural. Practice saying 'mou' then the 'rir' from the back of your throat. Don't let it sound like an English 'r'. The double 'r' in future is even stronger.
Hyperbole
Don't be afraid to use 'mourir de...' for feelings. It makes you sound more like a native speaker. 'Je meurs de chaud' is much more natural than 'J'ai très chaud'. It adds color to your speech.
例文
Il ne faut pas mourir de faim.
関連コンテンツ
関連フレーズ
healthの関連語
à condition de
B1On condition that; provided that.
à court terme
B1短期的な；近い将来に関連する。
à jeun
B1空腹で、食事の前に。これはしばしば医療検査や手術の前に要求されます。
à l'abri
B1Sheltered; safe from danger or harm.
à l'aide de
A2〜の助けを借りて、〜を使って。
à l'encontre de
B1〜に反して、〜に逆らって（助言や規則など）。
à l'hôpital
B1Located or being in a hospital.
à long terme
B1長期的な；遠い将来に関わること、または長い期間にわたること。
à risque
B1危険にさらされている、またはリスクがある状態。
à titre
B1この表現は「〜として」または「〜の資格で」を意味します。公式な場やビジネスでよく使われます。
