moyennant 30秒で
- Moyennant means 'by means of' or 'on the condition of'.
- It indicates the method or requirement for something to happen.
- Often used in formal contexts like contracts and agreements.
- Requires a noun or noun phrase to follow it.
- Core Meaning
- By means of; through; with the help of; on the condition of.
- Usage Context
- Often found in formal writing, legal documents, business, and discussions about conditions or methods for achieving something.
- Key Implication
- Highlights the essential method, condition, or instrument that makes something possible.
Le succès du projet fut obtenu moyennant une collaboration étroite entre les deux équipes.
Elle a obtenu une réduction moyennant l'achat de plusieurs articles.
- Synonymous Concepts
- The idea of "through the effort of," "under the condition of," or "in exchange for." It's about the enabling factor.
La publication de cet article a été rendue possible moyennant l'accord du comité éditorial.
Il a obtenu un passeport temporaire moyennant la présentation de documents justificatifs.
- Nuance
- While it can sometimes imply a transaction or payment, its broader sense is about the enabling factor, which isn't always financial.
L'accès à cette zone sécurisée est accordé moyennant une autorisation écrite.
- Structure
- [Action/Result] + moyennant + [Means/Condition (noun phrase)].
- Key Usage
- Introduces the specific method, condition, or instrument by which something is achieved.
Le musée offre des visites guidées gratuites moyennant l'achat d'un billet d'entrée.
Ils ont obtenu l'approbation du projet moyennant la présentation d'un plan détaillé.
- Formal Tone
- The use of "moyennant" generally indicates a more formal or official communication.
La signature du contrat s'est faite moyennant l'accord des deux parties.
Dans les contrats de vente, le transfert de propriété s'effectue moyennant le paiement intégral du prix.
- Formal Writing
- Contracts, legal documents, official notices, academic papers.
- Business & Diplomacy
- Agreements, proposals, negotiations, official statements.
La nouvelle loi entrera en vigueur moyennant sa ratification par le parlement.
Le permis de conduire est délivré moyennant la réussite de l'examen pratique.
- Official Procedures
- Describing requirements for permits, licenses, or official processes.
La subvention sera versée moyennant la fourniture de rapports d'activité trimestriels.
Incorrect: Il a gagné le prix moyennant de gagner la course.
- Informal Usage
- Avoid using "moyennant" in very casual spoken conversations; opt for "avec," "par," or "grâce à" instead.
- Grammar with Verbs
- "Moyennant" is a preposition and must be followed by a noun or noun phrase, not a verb in its infinitive form.
Correct: Il a gagné le prix moyennant sa victoire dans la course.
Incorrect: La maison est moyennant une grande piscine.
- Meaning Confusion
- Do not confuse "moyennant" (preposition: by means of) with "moyen" (adjective: average; noun: means, way).
Correct: La maison est avec une grande piscine.
- Par le biais de
- Meaning: By means of, through the agency of. Similar formality to "moyennant" but perhaps slightly less common in extremely legalistic texts. Example: "Il a obtenu le poste par le biais de ses excellentes références." (He got the job through his excellent references.)
- Grâce à
- Meaning: Thanks to. Used when the means or condition is positive and beneficial. Example: "Le succès de l'entreprise est dû grâce à une stratégie innovante." (The company's success is due to an innovative strategy.)
- Avec
- Meaning: With. More general and less specific about the *means* than "moyennant." Example: "Elle a géré la situation avec calme." (She managed the situation with calm.)
- En contrepartie de / En échange de
- Meaning: In exchange for. Used for transactional contexts. Example: "Il a obtenu une réduction en contrepartie de son engagement à long terme." (He got a discount in exchange for his long-term commitment.)
- À condition de
- Meaning: On condition of. Very close to "moyennant" when it implies a strict prerequisite. Example: "Nous vous prêterons l'argent à condition de recevoir une garantie solide." (We will lend you the money on condition of receiving solid collateral.)
Le succès de son entreprise fut possible moyennant une planification minutieuse.
Alternative: Le succès de son entreprise fut possible grâce à une planification minutieuse.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The evolution from 'middle' to 'means' reflects a conceptual shift. If something is the 'middle' way or the 'intermediate' step, it becomes the very 'means' by which you get from one point to another. This connection is visible in how 'moyen' can mean both 'average' and 'means'.
発音ガイド
難易度
While the grammatical structure is straightforward, understanding the precise nuance of 'moyennant' in complex formal texts requires careful attention to context and can be challenging for intermediate learners.
Using 'moyennant' correctly in writing, especially to convey precise conditions or means in formal contexts, requires a good grasp of its register and typical collocations.
It is less common in casual spoken French, so learners might not encounter it frequently. When used, it tends to signal a more formal or deliberate tone.
Listeners need to be attentive to the context to correctly interpret the meaning of 'moyennant', as it can introduce conditions, methods, or even implied transactions.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Prepositions followed by nouns/noun phrases
Moyennant is a preposition. Like other prepositions (e.g., 'avec', 'par', 'sans'), it is followed by a noun or noun phrase. Example: 'Il a obtenu le poste moyennant un entretien réussi.' (He got the job by means of a successful interview.)
Formality of prepositions
Some prepositions carry a higher degree of formality than others. 'Moyennant' is generally considered more formal than 'avec' or 'par' when indicating means. Example: 'Il a résolu le problème avec patience' (neutral) vs. 'Il a résolu le problème moyennant patience' (more formal, emphasizing patience as the specific method).
Use of infinitives vs. nouns after prepositions
Prepositions like 'moyennant' are followed by nouns or noun phrases, not usually by verbs in their infinitive form. To express a verbal idea, you need to nominalize it. Example: Incorrect: 'Il a réussi moyennant travailler dur.' Correct: 'Il a réussi moyennant un travail acharné.' (He succeeded by means of hard work.)
Implied causality/conditionality
'Moyennant' establishes a link of causality or conditionality. The phrase following 'moyennant' is presented as the reason, method, or prerequisite for the main clause. Example: 'La vente a été annulée moyennant un défaut de paiement.' (The sale was cancelled due to non-payment.)
Register and context
The choice of 'moyennant' versus alternatives like 'grâce à' or 'par le biais de' depends heavily on the register and the specific nuance you want to convey. 'Moyennant' is best suited for formal, objective statements about means or conditions.
レベル別の例文
Nous avons obtenu des fonds supplémentaires moyennant la vente de nos anciens équipements.
We obtained additional funds by means of selling our old equipment.
"Moyennant" introduces the condition or means for obtaining funds.
Le voyage était possible moyennant un budget très serré.
The trip was possible through a very tight budget.
"Moyennant" indicates the financial condition that made the trip possible.
Elle a obtenu son diplôme moyennant beaucoup de travail et de persévérance.
She obtained her degree by means of a lot of work and perseverance.
"Moyennant" highlights the effort and perseverance as the means to achieve the degree.
L'accord a été conclu moyennant des concessions mutuelles.
The agreement was reached through mutual concessions.
"Moyennant" specifies the condition for reaching the agreement.
Nous pouvons vous proposer ce service moyennant un paiement mensuel.
We can offer you this service on the condition of a monthly payment.
"Moyennant" introduces the payment condition for the service.
La construction de l'autoroute s'est faite moyennant l'expropriation de terrains privés.
The construction of the highway was done by means of the expropriation of private land.
"Moyennant" indicates the method used for construction.
Il a réussi à convaincre le jury moyennant une présentation éloquente.
He succeeded in convincing the jury through an eloquent presentation.
"Moyennant" specifies the powerful presentation as the means of persuasion.
La publication de cet article est autorisée moyennant son approbation par le comité.
The publication of this article is authorized on the condition of its approval by the committee.
"Moyennant" states the necessary condition for publication.
La réalisation de ce projet ambitieux a été rendue possible moyennant une ingénierie financière sophistiquée.
The realization of this ambitious project was made possible by means of sophisticated financial engineering.
"Moyennant" introduces the complex financial strategy as the enabling factor.
Le gouvernement a promis des mesures de soutien moyennant une réforme structurelle profonde.
The government promised support measures on the condition of a deep structural reform.
"Moyennant" signifies the prerequisite reform for government support.
L'accès à cette base de données confidentielles est accordé moyennant une autorisation formelle et une stricte vérification des antécédents.
Access to this confidential database is granted by means of formal authorization and strict background checks.
"Moyennant" outlines the specific conditions for accessing sensitive information.
La résolution de la crise diplomatique s'est opérée moyennant des négociations discrètes et des compromis difficiles.
The resolution of the diplomatic crisis was achieved through discreet negotiations and difficult compromises.
"Moyennant" describes the methods (negotiations, compromises) used to resolve the crisis.
L'obtention d'un visa pour ce pays exige de présenter des preuves de ressources financières suffisantes moyennant une banque locale.
Obtaining a visa for this country requires presenting proof of sufficient financial resources through a local bank.
"Moyennant" indicates the specific financial proof required, involving a local bank.
Le développement de nouvelles technologies est souvent conditionné moyennant des investissements massifs en recherche et développement.
The development of new technologies is often conditioned by massive investments in research and development.
"Moyennant" specifies the substantial R&D investment as a condition for technological development.
Ils ont réussi à obtenir le financement nécessaire moyennant la présentation d'un plan d'affaires exceptionnellement convaincant.
They succeeded in obtaining the necessary funding by means of presenting an exceptionally convincing business plan.
"Moyennant" highlights the persuasive business plan as the key to securing funds.
La signature de l'accord commercial international a eu lieu moyennant la levée de toutes les barrières tarifaires.
The signing of the international trade agreement took place on the condition of lifting all tariff barriers.
"Moyennant" denotes the crucial condition for the trade agreement.
La pérennité de cette institution culturelle repose essentiellement moyennant la générosité des mécènes et le soutien public.
The sustainability of this cultural institution relies essentially on the generosity of patrons and public support.
"Moyennant" points to the dual sources of support as the fundamental means for the institution's survival.
Le processus de guérison a été considérablement accéléré moyennant l'application rigoureuse d'un protocole thérapeutique innovant.
The healing process was considerably accelerated by means of the rigorous application of an innovative therapeutic protocol.
"Moyennant" emphasizes the strict adherence to a new treatment as the catalyst for faster healing.
L'atteinte des objectifs de développement durable sera conditionnée moyennant une transition énergétique globale et coordonnée.
The achievement of sustainable development goals will be conditioned by a global and coordinated energy transition.
"Moyennant" signifies the global energy transition as the indispensable prerequisite for achieving development goals.
La reconnaissance internationale de ce mouvement artistique s'est faite progressivement moyennant la diffusion de leurs œuvres et l'adhésion critique.
The international recognition of this artistic movement was achieved progressively through the dissemination of their works and critical endorsement.
"Moyennant" indicates the combined factors of artwork circulation and critical acclaim as the means of recognition.
La mise en place d'une gouvernance d'entreprise transparente est impérative moyennant l'instauration de mécanismes de contrôle indépendants.
The establishment of transparent corporate governance is imperative on the condition of instituting independent control mechanisms.
"Moyennant" highlights the implementation of control mechanisms as the essential condition for transparent governance.
La sauvegarde du patrimoine architectural de la ville s'est effectuée moyennant des subventions publiques et le mécénat privé.
The preservation of the city's architectural heritage was carried out by means of public subsidies and private patronage.
"Moyennant" specifies the financial means (public and private) used for heritage preservation.
La réussite de cette opération chirurgicale complexe fut tributaire moyennant une équipe médicale hautement spécialisée et un équipement de pointe.
The success of this complex surgical operation was dependent on a highly specialized medical team and state-of-the-art equipment.
"Moyennant" emphasizes the critical role of the specialized team and equipment for the operation's success.
L'élargissement de l'Union Européenne a été un processus long, moyennant l'adhésion progressive de nouveaux États membres et l'harmonisation des législations.
The enlargement of the European Union was a long process, through the progressive accession of new member states and the harmonization of legislation.
"Moyennant" describes the dual process (accession and harmonization) that enabled the EU's enlargement.
La résilience du système économique mondial est mise à l'épreuve, sa stabilité future dépendant essentiellement moyennant une coopération internationale accrue et une régulation financière plus stricte.
The resilience of the global economic system is being tested, its future stability depending essentially on increased international cooperation and stricter financial regulation.
"Moyennant" signifies the crucial conditions (cooperation and regulation) for the stability of the global economy.
La transformation sociétale profonde observée au cours du dernier siècle ne peut être entièrement comprise qu'moyennant l'analyse des interactions complexes entre les avancées technologiques, les mutations idéologiques et les dynamiques démographiques.
The profound societal transformation observed over the last century can only be fully understood by means of analyzing the complex interactions between technological advancements, ideological shifts, and demographic dynamics.
"Moyennant" introduces the multifaceted analysis required for understanding societal change.
La quête d'une paix durable dans les régions en conflit est un objectif ardu, réalisable uniquement moyennant le démantèlement des structures de haine et la promotion d'une culture du dialogue intercommunautaire.
The quest for lasting peace in conflict regions is an arduous objective, achievable only by means of dismantling structures of hatred and promoting a culture of intercommunity dialogue.
"Moyennant" specifies the two fundamental actions required to achieve lasting peace.
L'évolution de la conscience humaine vers une compréhension plus holistique de l'univers pourrait être facilitée moyennant l'intégration des savoirs scientifiques et des sagesses ancestrales.
The evolution of human consciousness towards a more holistic understanding of the universe could be facilitated by means of integrating scientific knowledge and ancestral wisdom.
"Moyennant" proposes the integration of different knowledge systems as the means to enhance human consciousness.
La préservation de la biodiversité, face aux pressions anthropiques croissantes, exigera impérativement moyennant des politiques environnementales audacieuses et une refonte des modèles de consommation.
The preservation of biodiversity, in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures, will imperatively require bold environmental policies and a redesign of consumption models.
"Moyennant" identifies the essential actions (policies and consumption redesign) needed for biodiversity preservation.
L'émergence de nouvelles formes de gouvernance citoyenne est envisageable moyennant la mise à disposition d'outils numériques performants et une éducation civique renforcée.
The emergence of new forms of citizen governance is conceivable by means of providing effective digital tools and reinforced civic education.
"Moyennant" specifies the technological and educational means necessary for new governance models.
La maîtrise des défis climatiques globaux dépendra de notre capacité à innover, moyennant des investissements massifs dans les énergies renouvelables et une collaboration internationale sans précédent.
Mastering global climate challenges will depend on our capacity to innovate, through massive investments in renewable energies and unprecedented international collaboration.
"Moyennant" links innovation to the specific means of renewable energy investment and global collaboration.
La transmission intergénérationnelle de valeurs culturelles authentiques se fait souvent moyennant des récits familiaux, des traditions orales et des pratiques rituelles.
The intergenerational transmission of authentic cultural values is often done by means of family stories, oral traditions, and ritual practices.
"Moyennant" lists the traditional methods used for cultural transmission.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— This phrase indicates that something is available or granted upon payment. It's a common way to express a financial condition.
L'accès à la salle de sport est possible moyennant paiement d'une cotisation annuelle.
— This signifies that an action or outcome is contingent upon reaching an agreement between parties. It highlights the necessity of mutual consent.
La signature du contrat se fera moyennant accord sur tous les points.
— This means that an action requires prior permission or authorization. It's often used in contexts where control or security is involved.
L'entrée dans cette zone est strictement interdite moyennant autorisation écrite.
— This phrase implies an exchange where something is given in return for something else. It's frequently used in contracts or agreements.
Nous vous offrons une licence gratuite moyennant une période d'essai.
— This indicates that a specific document or proof must be presented for something to be granted or processed. It's common in administrative or procedural contexts.
Le remboursement sera effectué moyennant la présentation de la pièce d'identité.
— This means that something will be provided or granted on the condition that certain information or items are supplied. It's often used for grants, subsidies, or services.
La subvention sera versée moyennant la fourniture de rapports d'activité trimestriels.
— This phrase emphasizes that a particular achievement or outcome was made possible through significant effort.
Elle a obtenu son diplôme moyennant des efforts considérables pendant ses études.
— This is used when an agreement or resolution is reached because parties were willing to give up something or compromise.
La paix a été rétablie moyennant des concessions douloureuses de part et d'autre.
— This indicates that a certain financial or resource investment is required for a particular goal or outcome.
La modernisation de l'usine se fera moyennant un investissement conséquent.
— A general phrase indicating that an action or outcome is dependent on a specific stipulation or requirement.
Le prêt est accordé moyennant une condition unique : le remboursement dans les délais.
よく混同される語
'Moyen' can be an adjective meaning 'average' or a noun meaning 'means' or 'way'. 'Moyennant' is exclusively a preposition indicating the means or condition, and it is always followed by a noun or noun phrase.
'Moyennement' is an adverb meaning 'moderately' or 'averagely'. It describes the degree to which something is done, whereas 'moyennant' describes the method or condition by which something is achieved.
'Avec' (with) is a more general preposition. While it can sometimes overlap in meaning, 'moyennant' is more specific about the means or the condition required for an action, often implying a transaction or a prerequisite.
慣用句と表現
— To obtain something by agreeing to it, often implying a formal commitment or contract. The signature represents the agreement to the conditions.
Il a obtenu l'accès aux données moyennant sa signature d'un accord de confidentialité.
Formal— To strike a deal by offering or accepting a compromise. 'Moyennant concession' highlights the give-and-take nature of the negotiation.
Les deux entreprises ont réussi à faire un marché moyennant concession sur les prix de gros.
Formal— To make progress slowly but steadily by exercising patience. 'Moyennant la patience' emphasizes patience as the key method for advancement.
La guérison de sa blessure avançait moyennant la patience et des soins constants.
Neutral— To achieve success by employing a specific strategy. 'Moyennant une stratégie' points to the planned approach as the means of success.
L'équipe a réussi à gagner le championnat moyennant une stratégie de jeu audacieuse.
Neutral— To receive a favor by doing a service in return. This emphasizes the reciprocal nature of the transaction.
Il a obtenu une réduction moyennant un service rendu au propriétaire.
Formal— To grow or progress through innovation. 'Moyennant l'innovation' highlights innovation as the driving force for development.
L'entreprise a réussi à se développer moyennant l'innovation constante dans ses produits.
Formal— To remain calm by focusing one's mind. 'Moyennant la concentration' suggests concentration as the technique for maintaining calmness.
Elle a réussi à garder son calme moyennant une profonde concentration sur sa respiration.
Neutral— To overcome a difficulty by being persistent. 'Moyennant la persévérance' emphasizes perseverance as the method for overcoming challenges.
Il a surmonté cet obstacle moyennant une persévérance admirable.
Neutral— To gain approval by providing a valid reason or explanation. 'Moyennant une justification' implies that a solid reason is the condition for approval.
Il a obtenu l'approbation du projet moyennant une justification solide des bénéfices attendus.
Formal— To gain freedom from detention by providing a bail bond. This is a specific legal context for 'moyennant'.
L'accusé a obtenu la liberté provisoire moyennant une caution de dix mille euros.
Legal/Formal間違えやすい
Both words share the same root and sound similar, leading to confusion about their grammatical function and meaning.
'Moyen' can function as an adjective (average) or a noun (means, way). 'Moyennant' is solely a preposition that means 'by means of' or 'on condition of'. When referring to the 'means' as a noun, you use 'moyen' (e.g., 'le moyen'). When stating the condition or method by which something is achieved, you use the preposition 'moyennant' (e.g., 'moyennant un paiement').
Correct use of 'moyen': 'Quel est le moyen le plus rapide ?' (What is the fastest means/way?). Correct use of 'moyennant': 'Le transport est possible moyennant un prix raisonnable.' (Transport is possible by means of a reasonable price.)
The similarity in sound and root can lead learners to confuse the adverb 'moyennement' with the preposition 'moyennant'.
'Moyennement' is an adverb that modifies adjectives or verbs, indicating a moderate degree (e.g., 'Il est moyennement intelligent' - He is moderately intelligent). 'Moyennant' is a preposition that introduces the means or condition for an action or result (e.g., 'Il a réussi moyennant beaucoup d'efforts' - He succeeded by means of a lot of effort).
Sentence with 'moyennement': 'La température est moyennement agréable aujourd'hui.' (The temperature is moderately pleasant today.). Sentence with 'moyennant': 'L'accord a été conclu moyennant des concessions mutuelles.' (The agreement was reached through mutual concessions.)
Both 'moyennant' and 'par le biais de' mean 'by means of' or 'through', and can be used in similar contexts to indicate the method or agency.
'Moyennant' is generally considered more formal and concise, often used in legal, business, or contractual language. 'Par le biais de' is also formal but can sometimes feel slightly more descriptive or less direct than 'moyennant'. While interchangeable in many formal contexts, 'moyennant' often carries a stronger implication of a specific condition or a transactional element.
Using 'moyennant': 'Le succès a été obtenu moyennant une planification méticuleuse.' Using 'par le biais de': 'Le succès a été obtenu par le biais d'une planification méticuleuse.' Both are correct, but 'moyennant' might be preferred in a very formal report.
Both 'moyennant' and 'grâce à' can introduce the factor that enables an outcome.
'Grâce à' (thanks to) is used specifically when the means or condition is positive and beneficial. 'Moyennant' is more neutral; it simply states the means or condition, which can be positive, negative, or neutral, and often implies a transaction or a strict prerequisite. You would say 'Il a réussi grâce à son intelligence' (He succeeded thanks to his intelligence), but you would say 'Il a obtenu le poste moyennant une compétition difficile' (He got the job by means of a difficult competition).
Positive means: 'Elle a appris le français grâce à ses voyages.' (She learned French thanks to her travels.) Neutral/Conditional means: 'Elle a obtenu une bourse moyennant d'excellents résultats académiques.' (She obtained a scholarship by means of excellent academic results.)
'Avec' (with) is a very common preposition that can indicate accompaniment or the use of something as a tool.
'Avec' is much broader and less formal than 'moyennant'. While 'avec' can sometimes imply the means ('Il a résolu le problème avec un tournevis' - He solved the problem with a screwdriver), 'moyennant' is more specific when referring to a condition or a more abstract means, especially in formal contexts ('Il a résolu le problème moyennant une analyse approfondie' - He solved the problem by means of in-depth analysis).
Using 'avec': 'Il a construit la maison avec des matériaux locaux.' (He built the house with local materials.) Using 'moyennant': 'La construction a été possible moyennant l'obtention de permis spéciaux.' (The construction was possible by means of obtaining special permits.)
文型パターン
[Action/Result] + moyennant + [Noun Phrase]
Le succès fut obtenu moyennant une préparation rigoureuse.
Il est possible de [Verb] + moyennant + [Noun Phrase]
Il est possible de voyager moyennant un budget limité.
La [Noun] est accordée/permise/possible + moyennant + [Noun Phrase]
L'accès est permis moyennant présentation d'une carte d'identité.
[Subject] a réalisé [Object] + moyennant + [Means/Condition]
Elle a réalisé ses objectifs moyennant une discipline de fer.
La [Abstract Noun] de [Action] dépend de/repose sur + moyennant + [Complex Noun Phrase]
La pérennité de l'entreprise repose moyennant des investissements stratégiques et une gestion prudente.
[Event/Outcome] s'est produit/effectué + moyennant + [Specific Method/Process]
La résolution du conflit s'est effectuée moyennant des négociations intenses.
La [Complex Concept] sera assurée/garantie + moyennant + [Detailed Conditions/Means]
La stabilité future du système sera garantie moyennant une coopération internationale accrue et une régulation financière stricte.
[Subject] ne peut être compris/réalisé qu' + moyennant + [In-depth Analysis/Conditions]
Ce phénomène ne peut être pleinement compris qu'moyennant une analyse des interactions complexes.
語族
名詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Medium in formal written French, low in informal spoken French.
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Using 'moyennant' in informal spoken French.
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Using 'avec', 'par', or 'grâce à' in informal contexts.
'Moyennant' carries a significant formal register. Using it in casual conversation can make the speaker sound unnatural or overly pedantic. For instance, saying 'J'ai eu ce cadeau moyennant ta gentillesse' is awkward; 'grâce à ta gentillesse' is much better.
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Following 'moyennant' with an infinitive verb.
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Following 'moyennant' with a noun or noun phrase.
'Moyennant' is a preposition and requires a noun or noun phrase. If you want to express a verbal action, you must nominalize it. For example, 'Il a obtenu le poste moyennant travailler dur' is incorrect. The correct version is 'Il a obtenu le poste moyennant un travail acharné.'
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Confusing 'moyennant' with 'moyen' (adjective/noun).
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Distinguishing between the preposition 'moyennant' and the adjective/noun 'moyen'.
'Moyen' means 'average' (adjective) or 'means/way' (noun). 'Moyennant' is a preposition meaning 'by means of' or 'on condition of'. For example, 'C'est un moyen de transport' (It is a means of transport), but 'Il est arrivé moyennant le train' (He arrived by means of the train).
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Interpreting 'moyennant' solely as 'provided with'.
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Understanding 'moyennant' as indicating the means, method, or condition for an action or outcome.
While 'moyennant' can imply a prerequisite, its core meaning is about the enabling factor. 'Provided with' often translates to 'équipé de' or 'doté de'. 'Moyennant' is about how something is achieved or what is required for it to happen. For example, 'La maison est équipée d'une piscine' (The house is equipped with a pool), but 'La construction a été possible moyennant un budget important' (The construction was possible by means of a large budget).
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Using 'moyennant' when 'grâce à' is more appropriate.
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Using 'grâce à' for positive means and 'moyennant' for neutral or conditional means.
'Grâce à' specifically implies a beneficial or positive factor. 'Moyennant' is more neutral and can introduce any method or condition, positive, negative, or transactional. For example, 'Elle a réussi grâce à son talent' (She succeeded thanks to her talent), but 'Elle a réussi moyennant une préparation intensive' (She succeeded by means of intensive preparation).
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Prepositional Power
Remember that 'moyennant' is a preposition. This means it needs to be followed by a noun or a noun phrase. It connects the action or result in the main clause to the specific means or condition introduced by 'moyennant'.
Formal Contexts
When you encounter 'moyennant', think 'formal'. It's a strong indicator that you are reading or hearing official communication, contracts, or academic texts. This helps you adjust your interpretation accordingly.
Means vs. Condition
While 'moyennant' can cover both, try to discern if it's highlighting the *method* used (e.g., 'moyennant une stratégie') or the *condition* that must be met (e.g., 'moyennant un paiement'). This subtle difference can refine your understanding.
The 'Middle' Connection
Connect 'moyennant' to its root 'moyen' (middle/way). If something is the 'way' or the 'middle step' to achieve something, it's the means. This link can help you recall its core meaning.
Translation Nuance
When translating 'moyennant', consider the context. 'By means of', 'through', 'on the condition of', or 'provided that' are good starting points, but the best English equivalent will depend on whether it's emphasizing method, condition, or transaction.
Nasal End
Pay attention to the final nasal vowel sound '/ɑ̃/' in 'moyennant'. This sound is characteristic of formal French and can help you distinguish it from similar-sounding words.
Sentence Building
Practice constructing your own sentences using 'moyennant' in formal contexts. Try describing how a project was completed, a deal was made, or a requirement was met.
Avoid Informal Use
Resist the urge to use 'moyennant' in casual conversation. It can sound overly stiff or pretentious. Stick to its formal applications for clarity and appropriateness.
Formal Alternatives
If 'moyennant' feels too strong or you need a slightly different nuance, consider formal alternatives like 'par le biais de', 'à condition de', or 'en contrepartie de', depending on the exact meaning you want to convey.
Evolution of Meaning
Understanding that 'moyennant' evolved from 'medianus' (middle) helps grasp its core idea of being the 'intermediate step' or the 'way' to achieve something.
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記憶術
Imagine you're trying to get into a special club. The bouncer says, 'You can enter moyennant... a secret handshake!' The secret handshake is the 'means' or the 'condition' for entry. So, 'moyennant' = secret handshake = means/condition.
視覚的連想
Picture a bridge (the means) connecting two islands (the action and its outcome). The bridge is 'moyennant' the connection that allows passage.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to create five sentences using 'moyennant' to describe how you achieved a personal goal, like learning a new skill or completing a challenging task. Focus on clearly stating the 'means' or 'condition' that made it possible.
語源
The word 'moyennant' comes from the Old French word 'moyen', which itself derives from the Latin 'medianus', meaning 'middle' or 'intermediate'. Over time, 'moyen' evolved from describing something in the middle to the means or method of achieving something.
元の意味： Middle, intermediate.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Gallo-Romance > French文化的な背景
The term 'moyennant' itself is neutral, but the context in which it is used can be sensitive, particularly when discussing conditions that might be difficult to meet or exchanges that involve significant concessions or payments.
In English-speaking cultures, similar concepts are expressed using phrases like 'by means of', 'through', 'on the condition that', or 'provided that'. The French 'moyennant' often consolidates these ideas into a single, formal preposition.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Legal and Contractual Agreements
- moyennant le paiement de
- moyennant l'accord des parties
- moyennant la signature de
- moyennant le respect des clauses
Business Transactions and Negotiations
- moyennant une contrepartie
- moyennant un investissement
- moyennant des concessions
- moyennant un prix
Official Procedures and Requirements
- moyennant autorisation
- moyennant présentation de
- moyennant la fourniture de
- moyennant une pièce d'identité
Academic and Research Settings
- moyennant une méthodologie
- moyennant des expériences
- moyennant l'analyse de données
- moyennant une hypothèse
Describing Conditions for Achievements
- moyennant des efforts
- moyennant de la persévérance
- moyennant une stratégie
- moyennant une préparation
会話のきっかけ
"How did you manage to achieve that goal? Was it moyennant a lot of effort?"
"What were the conditions moyennant which you received that award?"
"In your opinion, what are the key factors moyennant which a business can succeed today?"
"If you were to buy that item, what would be the conditions moyennant which you would agree to the price?"
"Can you explain the process moyennant which one obtains a permit in your country?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you achieved something significant. What were the specific means or conditions moyennant which you succeeded? Reflect on how crucial those elements were.
Think about a recent agreement or negotiation you were part of. How was 'moyennant' used to define the terms or conditions?
Consider a policy or rule you find particularly effective. What are the conditions moyennant which it operates to achieve its goals?
Imagine you are writing a formal proposal for a new project. How would you use 'moyennant' to outline the necessary resources or prerequisites?
Reflect on a time you had to compromise to reach an understanding. How did the concept of 'moyennant des concessions' play a role?
よくある質問
10 問Yes, 'moyennant' is predominantly used in formal contexts, such as legal documents, business agreements, official correspondence, and academic writing. While it can appear in spoken French, it usually signals a more deliberate or formal tone and is less common in casual conversation. In informal speech, alternatives like 'avec', 'par', or 'grâce à' are more likely.
'Moyennant' is a preposition and is typically followed by a noun or a noun phrase. This noun or noun phrase represents the means, method, condition, or instrument by which something is achieved or obtained. For example: 'moyennant paiement' (by means of payment), 'moyennant autorisation' (by means of authorization), 'moyennant des efforts considérables' (by means of considerable efforts).
While 'moyennant' can sometimes imply a condition that needs to be met, its primary meaning is 'by means of' or 'on the condition of'. It's about the *enabling factor* for an action or outcome, rather than simply being equipped with something. For instance, 'La voiture est équipée d'un moteur puissant' (The car is equipped with a powerful engine) uses 'équipée de'. If you were talking about the *means* by which it achieves a certain speed, you might say, 'La voiture atteint cette vitesse moyennant son moteur puissant' (The car reaches this speed by means of its powerful engine).
This is a common point of confusion. 'Moyen' can be an adjective meaning 'average' (e.g., 'une taille moyenne' - an average size) or a noun meaning 'means', 'way', or 'method' (e.g., 'le moyen de transport' - the means of transport). 'Moyennant', on the other hand, is exclusively a preposition meaning 'by means of' or 'on the condition of'. So, you use 'moyen' when talking about an average or a way, and 'moyennant' when specifying the condition or method for something else to happen.
No, 'moyennant' is a preposition and must be followed by a noun or a noun phrase. You cannot directly follow it with a verb in its infinitive form. If you want to express a verbal idea, you need to turn it into a noun or noun phrase. For example, instead of 'moyennant travailler dur', you would say 'moyennant un travail acharné' (by means of hard work).
You would choose 'moyennant' when the means or condition is neutral or even potentially negative, or when you want to emphasize a specific requirement or transactional aspect. 'Grâce à' (thanks to) is used exclusively for positive means or conditions that lead to a beneficial outcome. For example, you might say 'Il a obtenu le prix moyennant une compétition féroce' (He got the prize by means of a fierce competition), but you would say 'Il a obtenu le prix grâce à son talent exceptionnel' (He got the prize thanks to his exceptional talent).
Yes, some very common phrases include 'moyennant paiement' (by means of payment), 'moyennant accord' (by means of agreement), 'moyennant autorisation' (by means of authorization), 'moyennant présentation de' (by means of presenting), and 'moyennant la fourniture de' (by means of supplying). These are frequently found in formal contexts.
Both 'moyennant' and 'médian' (median) originate from the Latin word 'medianus', meaning 'middle' or 'intermediate'. While 'médian' retains the sense of being in the middle numerically or spatially, 'moyennant' evolved to mean the 'intermediate step' or 'way' to achieve something, thus becoming 'by means of'.
While 'moyennant' itself is not inherently sarcastic, its formality can be used for ironic or sarcastic effect in informal contexts to highlight the absurdity of a strict or overly formal condition. However, this is a nuanced usage and not its primary function.
'Moyennant' generally indicates the means or the condition that *enables* an action or outcome. 'Sous réserve de' (subject to) indicates a condition that must be met *for something to be valid or final*. For example, 'L'accord sera signé moyennant une révision' (The agreement will be signed by means of a revision) suggests the revision is the method. 'L'accord sera signé sous réserve d'une révision' (The agreement will be signed subject to a revision) means the signing is contingent on the revision happening.
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Summary
Use 'moyennant' to precisely state the method, condition, or instrument that enables an action or outcome, typically in formal contexts.
- Moyennant means 'by means of' or 'on the condition of'.
- It indicates the method or requirement for something to happen.
- Often used in formal contexts like contracts and agreements.
- Requires a noun or noun phrase to follow it.
Prepositional Power
Remember that 'moyennant' is a preposition. This means it needs to be followed by a noun or a noun phrase. It connects the action or result in the main clause to the specific means or condition introduced by 'moyennant'.
Formal Contexts
When you encounter 'moyennant', think 'formal'. It's a strong indicator that you are reading or hearing official communication, contracts, or academic texts. This helps you adjust your interpretation accordingly.
Means vs. Condition
While 'moyennant' can cover both, try to discern if it's highlighting the *method* used (e.g., 'moyennant une stratégie') or the *condition* that must be met (e.g., 'moyennant un paiement'). This subtle difference can refine your understanding.
The 'Middle' Connection
Connect 'moyennant' to its root 'moyen' (middle/way). If something is the 'way' or the 'middle step' to achieve something, it's the means. This link can help you recall its core meaning.
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
à cause de
A2「〜のせいで」や「〜が原因で」を意味する前置詞句。通常、否定的または中立的な原因を説明する際に使われます。
à côté
A2〜の隣に；〜のそばに。
à côté de
A2Next to, beside.
À droite
A2右へ、または右側に。例：「次の角を右に曲がってください」。
À gauche
A2To the left; on the left side.
à la
A2前置詞「à」と女性定冠詞「la」の組み合わせで、「〜へ」や「〜に」を意味します。
à laquelle
B2To which; at which (feminine singular).
à mesure que
B2〜するにつれて。
abrégé
B1An abstract, summary, or abridgment.
absence
A2The state of being away from a place or person.
