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A2 noun 10分で読める

शाक

shaak

練習する例文メモとヒント शाक 30秒で

解説 शाक in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'Shaak' as a formal word for 'vegetable.' You likely already know the word 'Sabzi,' which is used daily. Think of 'Shaak' as the 'proper' name you might see in a picture book or a very simple health poster. The most important thing to remember at this stage is the word 'Shaakahari' (Vegetarian), which comes from 'Shaak.' If you go to an Indian restaurant, you will see 'Shaakahari' on the menu. This means the food is made of vegetables and contains no meat. You don't need to use 'Shaak' in your own speaking yet—stick to 'Sabzi'—but when you see 'Shaak' written, just think 'Vegetable!' It is a masculine noun, so we say 'Achha shaak' (Good vegetable).

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At the A2 level, you can begin to distinguish between 'Shaak' and 'Sabzi.' You will encounter 'Shaak' in short texts about food habits or health. You should be able to form simple sentences like 'Shaak sehat ke liye achha hai' (Vegetables are good for health). At this level, you should also understand that 'Saag' is a related word that specifically means leafy greens like spinach. You might hear people say 'Shaak-sabzi' as a pair, which just means 'vegetables' in a general sense. When you are learning about colors, 'Hara shaak' (Green vegetable) is a great phrase to practice. You should also be comfortable identifying 'Shaakahari' (Vegetarian) and 'Maansahari' (Non-vegetarian) as opposites.

At the B1 level, you should understand the stylistic difference between 'Shaak' and 'Sabzi.' You will use 'Shaak' when writing formal letters, school essays, or reading news reports about agriculture. You should notice that 'Shaak' is used in more technical contexts, such as 'Shaak-vigyan' (Olericulture/the science of growing vegetables). You can also start using 'Shaak' in compound phrases like 'Shaak-vaatika' (vegetable garden). At this stage, you should be able to handle the oblique plural form 'shaakon' in sentences like 'Hamein vibhinn shaakon ka sevan karna chahiye' (We should consume various vegetables). You are moving from just 'knowing' the word to 'choosing' it for a more formal tone.

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At the B2 level, you should be familiar with the Ayurvedic and cultural connotations of 'Shaak.' You will encounter this word in discussions about 'Sattvic' diets and traditional Indian philosophy. You should understand that 'Shaak' implies a sense of purity and natural origin. You will also see it used in more complex literary descriptions. At this level, you should be able to explain the etymological link between the Sanskrit 'Shaka' and the modern 'Saag.' You can use 'Shaak' fluently in discussions about environmentalism, organic farming, or traditional medicine. You should also be able to distinguish 'Shaak' from similar-sounding words like 'Shaakh' (branch) or the English loanword 'Shock.'

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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of 'Shaak' in academic and high-literary contexts. You will find this word in classical Hindi literature, botanical research papers, and deep philosophical texts. You should understand its use as a prefix or suffix in complex Sanskritized Hindi. For example, 'Shaak-ambari' refers to a goddess associated with vegetation. You should be able to discuss the historical transition of the word from ancient texts to modern dialects. At this level, your use of 'Shaak' should feel natural in formal oratory. You can use it to evoke a specific cultural atmosphere, perhaps when discussing the 'Shaaka' era or traditional food systems of ancient India.

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At the C2 level, you possess a near-native understanding of 'Shaak' and its place in the vast landscape of Indo-Aryan languages. You can analyze how 'Shaak' functions in different regional dialects of Hindi and how it compares to its cognates in Bengali, Marathi, or Gujarati. You are aware of the rarest compound words and idiomatic expressions involving 'Shaak' found in medieval poetry. You can use the word to discuss subtle differences in dietary laws across various Indian sub-cultures. Your mastery allows you to use 'Shaak' to create specific rhetorical effects, moving between the high-register 'Shaak' and the colloquial 'Sabzi' to signal changes in social context or irony in your speech or writing.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

शाक 30秒で

Shaak means vegetable and is a formal Sanskrit-derived word.
It is the root of 'Shaakahari' (vegetarian), a key cultural term.
While 'Sabzi' is common for daily use, 'Shaak' is used in health and news.
It is a masculine noun and often refers to leafy greens in regional dialects.

The Hindi word शाक (Shaak) is a noun of Sanskrit origin that primarily translates to 'vegetable' or 'leafy green.' While the word sabzi (derived from Persian) is more common in everyday spoken Hindi across Northern India, shaak remains a cornerstone of formal, literary, and technical Hindi, particularly when discussing diet, health, and traditional sciences like Ayurveda. Understanding this word is essential for any learner who wishes to move beyond basic conversation into the realms of formal writing and cultural history.

Etymological Root: Derived from the Sanskrit root 'shaka,' which refers to any edible plant or herb used in cooking. It is the linguistic ancestor of the common Hindi word 'saag,' which specifically refers to cooked mustard or spinach greens.
Contextual Nuance: When you use the word 'shaak,' you are often implying a more wholesome, perhaps even medicinal or ritualistic, category of food. It is frequently encountered in the compound word 'shaakahari' (vegetarian), where 'shaak' (vegetable) and 'ahari' (consumer/eater) combine to define a major cultural lifestyle in India.
Regional Variations: In Eastern Hindi dialects and related languages like Bengali or Odia, 'shaak' is the standard term for leafy vegetables. In standard Khari Boli Hindi, it sounds more formal or academic compared to the colloquial 'sabzi.'

आयुर्वेद के अनुसार, ताज़ा शाक का सेवन स्वास्थ्य के लिए अत्यंत लाभकारी है। (According to Ayurveda, the consumption of fresh vegetables is extremely beneficial for health.)

In a modern grocery store in Delhi, you might ask for sabzi, but in a health magazine or a high-end restaurant menu describing 'Shaakahari Thali,' the root word shaak provides the semantic weight. It suggests a connection to the earth and natural purity (Sattva). For students of Hindi, recognizing shaak helps in deciphering complex nouns. For instance, 'shaak-vaatika' refers to a vegetable garden, a term much more poetic than simply saying 'sabzi ka bageecha.'

हमें अपने भोजन में विभिन्न प्रकार के शाक शामिल करने चाहिए। (We should include various types of vegetables in our diet.)

Register and Tone: Using 'shaak' instead of 'sabzi' elevates the register of your speech. It is appropriate for speeches, academic writing, and formal discussions about nutrition. It is rarely used in slang or very casual street talk unless referring to specific dishes like 'Saag.'

बाज़ार में आज हरा शाक बहुत महँगा है। (Green leafy vegetables are very expensive in the market today.)

यह शाक ताज़ा और जैविक है। (This vegetable is fresh and organic.)

In summary, shaak is a versatile word that connects modern Hindi to its classical roots. It encompasses the broad category of edible plants and serves as the foundation for terms related to vegetarianism and botany. By mastering its use, you demonstrate a deeper understanding of Hindi's linguistic layers.

Using शाक (Shaak) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a masculine noun and its stylistic placement. Because it is a formal word, it often appears in sentences that discuss health, nature, or formal dining. Below, we explore various ways to integrate this word into your Hindi repertoire through different sentence structures and grammatical contexts.

1. Simple Subject: शाक स्वास्थ्यवर्धक होता है। (Vegetables are healthy.)

In the sentence above, 'shaak' acts as a collective noun. Note that while 'shaak' is technically masculine, when referring to leafy greens specifically, people often transition to the feminine 'sabzi' or the masculine 'saag' in colloquial speech. However, in formal Hindi, 'shaak' remains masculine.

Direct Object Usage: When 'shaak' is the object of a verb, it usually describes the act of consuming or preparing food. Example: 'उसने बाज़ार से ताज़ा शाक खरीदा।' (He bought fresh vegetables from the market.) Here, 'shaak' is the direct object of 'khareda' (bought).

2. Compound Nouns: वह एक कट्टर शाकाहारी है। (He is a strict vegetarian.)

The most frequent use of the root 'shaak' for intermediate learners is in the adjective/noun 'shaakahari.' This is the standard way to describe someone's dietary preference in India. You will see this on food packaging (indicated by a green dot), restaurant signs, and marriage biodatas.

3. Descriptive Phrases: हिमालयी क्षेत्रों में दुर्लभ शाक पाए जाते हैं। (Rare vegetables/herbs are found in the Himalayan regions.)

In this context, 'shaak' leans towards the meaning of 'herbs' or 'botanical plants.' This usage is common in travelogues or scientific descriptions of flora. It adds a layer of sophistication to the description that 'sabzi' would lack.

Using with Adjectives: Common adjectives paired with 'shaak' include 'hara' (green), 'taaza' (fresh), 'sheet-kaaleen' (winter), and 'vishaala' (poisonous - in botanical contexts). Example: 'हरा शाक आँखों के लिए अच्छा है।' (Green leafy vegetables are good for the eyes.)

4. Formal Instructions: शाक काटने से पहले उन्हें अच्छी तरह साफ़ करें। (Clean the vegetables thoroughly before cutting them.)

This sounds like an instruction found in a cookbook or a health manual. Notice the formal tone. In a casual kitchen setting, a mother might say 'sabzi dho lo,' but a nutritionist would use the phrasing above. By using 'shaak' in these specific structures, you signal a high level of linguistic competence and respect for the formal register of Hindi.

While शाक (Shaak) might not be the first word you hear at a chaotic vegetable market (where sabzi reigns supreme), it is pervasive in specific cultural and professional environments. Knowing where to expect it will help you tune your ear to different registers of Hindi.

1. Religious and Festive Contexts: During Hindu festivals or in temple kitchens (Bhandaras), the food served is strictly 'Shaakahari.' You will hear priests or elders refer to the offerings as 'Shaak-Bhaat' (Vegetables and Rice) or 'Shaak-Paat.' It carries a sense of purity and 'Sattvic' quality that is central to religious life.
2. Ayurvedic and Wellness Centers: If you visit an Ayurvedic doctor (Vaidya) or a yoga retreat in Rishikesh, 'shaak' is the standard term. They will discuss the properties of 'patra-shaak' (leafy vegetables) and how they balance the 'doshas' (body humors). In this world, food is medicine, and 'shaak' is the medicinal term for vegetables.

'आज के भोजन में केवल सात्विक शाक ही परोसा जाएगा।' (Only Sattvic vegetables will be served in today's meal.)

Another place you will frequently encounter this word is on **Indian News Channels** or in **Hindi Newspapers**. When journalists report on inflation and rising food prices, they often use the phrase 'shaak-sabzi ki keemtein' (prices of vegetables). By pairing 'shaak' with 'sabzi,' they cover both the formal and common terms, ensuring a comprehensive reach.

In **Literature and Poetry**, 'shaak' is used to evoke the lushness of nature. A poet might describe a forest or a garden using 'shaak-dweep' or 'shaak-ambari' to create a vivid, green imagery. It sounds much more romantic and grounded than the mundane 'sabzi.'

'गाँव की हरियाली और ताज़ा शाक की बात ही कुछ और है।' (The greenery of the village and the fresh vegetables have a unique charm.)

3. Formal Menus and Catering: In high-end wedding invitations or formal event menus, you might see categories like 'Shaak-Vatika' for the salad counter. It adds a touch of class and traditional elegance to the event.

So, while you might use 'sabzi' to buy potatoes from a street vendor, 'shaak' is the word that will appear when you are engaging with India's deep-rooted traditions, health sciences, and formal media. Recognizing this distinction is a sign of a truly advanced learner.

Learning शाक (Shaak) involves navigating some subtle linguistic traps. Because it coexists with the more common word sabzi and the related word saag, learners often mix them up. Here are the most frequent errors and how to avoid them.

1. Confusing 'Shaak' with 'Saag': While they share the same root, they are not interchangeable in modern Hindi. Shaak is the general category for 'vegetable' (formal). Saag specifically refers to 'cooked leafy greens' (like spinach or mustard greens). You can say 'I like shaak' (meaning you like vegetables), but if you say 'I am eating saag,' people expect to see a green puree on your plate.
2. Overusing it in Casual Conversation: If you go to a local market and ask, 'Mujhe shaak chahiye' (I want vegetables), the vendor will understand you, but it might sound slightly odd or 'bookish.' It's like saying 'I desire some vegetation' instead of 'I want some veggies' in English. Use sabzi for daily errands.

Incorrect: मैं बाज़ार से शाक लेने जा रहा हूँ। (Sounds too formal for a quick trip)
Correct: मैं बाज़ार से सबज़ी लेने जा रहा हूँ।

Another common mistake is related to **Gender and Number**. As mentioned, 'shaak' is masculine. Some learners, influenced by the feminine 'sabzi,' might try to make it feminine. Avoid saying 'Yeh shaak achhi hai'; instead, use 'Yeh shaak achha hai.'

3. Misusing 'Shaakahari': Learners sometimes say 'Main shaak hoon' to mean 'I am a vegetarian.' This actually means 'I am a vegetable.' The correct way to say you are a vegetarian is 'Main shaakahari hoon.'

4. Confusion with 'Shakh': There is a Persian-origin word 'Shaakh' (branch). While they sound similar, 'Shaak' (vegetable) ends with a 'k' sound, whereas 'Shaakh' ends with a breathy 'kh'.

By keeping these distinctions in mind—especially the formal/informal divide with 'sabzi' and the specific culinary meaning of 'saag'—you will use 'shaak' with the precision of a native speaker.

Hindi is a language of many layers—Sanskrit, Persian, and local dialects all contribute to its rich vocabulary. While शाक (Shaak) is the formal Sanskrit term for vegetable, you have several alternatives depending on the context. Let's compare them.

1. सबज़ी (Sabzi)

Origin: Persian.

Usage: The most common everyday word for vegetables. Use this at home, in markets, and in restaurants.

Difference: 'Sabzi' can refer to the raw vegetable or the cooked dish. 'Shaak' usually refers to the raw category or leafy greens in a formal sense.

2. साग (Saag)

Origin: Prakrit/Tadbhava (derived from 'Shaak').

Usage: Specifically refers to leafy green vegetables like spinach, mustard, or fenugreek.

Difference: While 'Shaak' is general, 'Saag' is specific. In many North Indian homes, 'Saag' is a specific dish (e.g., Sarson ka Saag).

Comparison:
• 'Shaak' = Vegetable (Formal/Technical)
• 'Sabzi' = Vegetable (Common/Cooked dish)
• 'Saag' = Leafy Greens (Specific culinary item)

3. तरकारी (Tarkari)

Origin: Persian.

Usage: Common in Eastern India (Bihar, UP) and Nepal. It often refers to a vegetable curry.

Difference: It is more regional than 'Shaak' or 'Sabzi.'

4. भाजी (Bhaji)

Origin: Sanskrit 'Bhajya.'

Usage: Common in Western and Southern India (Maharashtra, Gujarat). It refers to fried vegetables or a dry vegetable preparation.

Difference: Very common in street food contexts (e.g., Pav Bhaji).

Understanding these synonyms allows you to tailor your Hindi to the region you are in and the level of formality required. While 'Shaak' is the 'standard' in a dictionary sense, the others provide the 'flavor' of real-world Hindi.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"संतुलित आहार में शाक का समावेश अनिवार्य है।"

ニュートラル

"आज बाज़ार में बहुत अच्छे शाक आए हैं।"

カジュアル

"अरे, थोड़ा शाक-सब्ज़ी भी खा लिया कर! सिर्फ पिज़्ज़ा मत खा।"

Child friendly

"देखो बच्चों, यह हरा शाक तुम्हें ताकतवर बनाएगा!"

スラング

"उसने मुझे शाक-पात समझ रखा है क्या?"

豆知識

The common Hindi word 'Saag' is actually the 'Tadbhava' (evolved) form of 'Shaak.' While 'Shaak' stayed formal, 'Saag' became the everyday word for leafy greens.

発音ガイド

UK /ʃɑːk/

US /ʃɑk/

The stress is on the primary and only syllable 'Shaak'.

韻が合う語

पाक (Paak - Pure) नाक (Naak - Nose) डाक (Daak - Post/Mail) खाक (Khaak - Dust) चाक (Chaak - Chalk/Wheel) ताक (Taak - Shelf/Aim) वाक (Vaak - Speech) राक (Raak - Raga/Melody)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it like 'Shock' (with a short 'o' sound).
Adding a breathy 'h' at the end (making it 'Shaakh' - branch).
Pronouncing the 'sh' as 's' (making it 'Saak').
Shortening the 'aa' vowel, which can change the meaning or make it sound non-native.
Nasalizing the vowel (it is not 'Shaank').

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts, but can be confused with 'Sabzi' or 'Saag'.

ライティング 4/5

Requires knowledge of when to use the formal register versus the colloquial.

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but usage must be contextually appropriate.

リスニング 3/5

Clearly audible, but must be distinguished from 'Shaakh' (branch).

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

खाना (To eat) हरा (Green) ताज़ा (Fresh) सबज़ी (Vegetable - common) बाज़ार (Market)

次に学ぶ

शाकाहारी (Vegetarian) फल (Fruit) भोजन (Meal) सेहत (Health) आयुर्वेद (Ayurveda)

上級

वनस्पति विज्ञान (Botany) अहिंसा (Non-violence) सात्विक (Pure/Sattvic) पोषक तत्व (Nutrients) जैविक खेती (Organic farming)

知っておくべき文法

Masculine Noun Agreement

ताज़ा शाक (Fresh vegetable) - 'Taaza' is masculine.

Oblique Case Pluralization

शाकों को (To the vegetables) - 'Shaak' becomes 'Shaakon' before 'ko'.

Compound Noun Formation

शाक-सब्ज़ी (Vegetables) - Joining two synonyms for emphasis.

Adjective placement

हरा शाक (Green vegetable) - Adjective comes before the noun.

Honorifics with Verbs

माँ शाक पकाती हैं (Mother cooks vegetables) - 'Hain' used for respect.

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レベル別の例文

यह शाक है।

This is a vegetable.

'Yeh' (This) + 'shaak' (vegetable) + 'hai' (is).

शाक हरा है।

The vegetable is green.

'Hara' (green) agrees with masculine 'shaak'.

मुझे शाक पसंद है।

I like vegetables.

The 'ko' is implied with 'mujhe' (to me).

क्या यह शाक ताज़ा है?

Is this vegetable fresh?

'Taaza' (fresh) is the adjective.

वह शाकाहारी है।

He/She is a vegetarian.

'Shaakahari' is derived from 'shaak'.

शाक खाओ।

Eat vegetables.

Imperative form of 'khaana' (to eat).

यह एक छोटा शाक है।

This is a small vegetable.

'Chhota' (small) agrees with masculine 'shaak'.

बाज़ार में शाक है।

There are vegetables in the market.

Locative 'mein' (in).

ताज़ा शाक सेहत के लिए अच्छा होता है।

Fresh vegetables are good for health.

'Hota hai' expresses a general truth.

मेरी माँ रोज़ शाक पकाती हैं।

My mother cooks vegetables every day.

Present habitual tense.

हमें बहुत सारे शाक खाने चाहिए।

We should eat lots of vegetables.

'Chahiye' (should) + 'khāne' (to eat).

क्या आप शाकाहारी भोजन करते हैं?

Do you eat vegetarian food?

Formal 'Aap' usage.

बाज़ार में आज शाक महँगा है।

Vegetables are expensive in the market today.

'Mahanga' (expensive).

यह शाक बहुत स्वादिष्ट है।

This vegetable is very delicious.

'Swaadisht' (delicious).

बच्चे शाक नहीं खाना चाहते।

Children do not want to eat vegetables.

'Chaahate' (want).

शाक को अच्छी तरह धो लें।

Wash the vegetables thoroughly.

Oblique case with 'ko'.

आयुर्वेद में शाक के महत्व का वर्णन है।

The importance of vegetables is described in Ayurveda.

Genitive 'ke' linking 'shaak' and 'mahatva'.

गाँव में लोग अपनी शाक-वाटिका रखते हैं।

In villages, people keep their own vegetable gardens.

Compound noun 'shaak-vaatika'.

विभिन्न शाकों में अलग-अलग विटामिन होते हैं।

Different vegetables contain different vitamins.

Oblique plural 'shaakon'.

क्या आपने कभी पहाड़ी शाक चखा है?

Have you ever tasted mountain vegetables?

Perfective tense 'chakha hai'.

शाक-भाजी का सेवन पाचन के लिए उत्तम है।

Consuming vegetables is excellent for digestion.

Formal term 'sevan' (consumption).

यह किसान केवल जैविक शाक उगाता है।

This farmer only grows organic vegetables.

'Jaivik' (organic).

शाक काटने के लिए तेज़ चाकू चाहिए।

A sharp knife is needed to cut vegetables.

Infinitive 'kaatne' used as a noun.

सर्दियों में हरा शाक अधिक मिलता है।

Green leafy vegetables are more available in winter.

'Adhik' (more).

शाकाहार केवल भोजन नहीं, एक जीवनशैली है।

Vegetarianism is not just food, it is a lifestyle.

'Shaakahar' as a concept.

इस क्षेत्र की मिट्टी शाक की खेती के लिए उपजाऊ है।

The soil of this region is fertile for vegetable cultivation.

Formal 'kheti' (farming).

प्राचीन ग्रंथों में 'शाक-द्वीप' का उल्लेख मिलता है।

The mention of 'Shaak-dweep' is found in ancient texts.

Proper noun usage in mythology.

प्रदूषण के कारण शाक की गुणवत्ता गिर रही है।

The quality of vegetables is falling due to pollution.

'Gunvatta' (quality).

डॉक्टर ने उसे अधिक शाक-पात खाने की सलाह दी।

The doctor advised him to eat more leafy vegetables.

Compound 'shaak-paat'.

शाक में पाए जाने वाले पोषक तत्व शरीर को शक्ति देते हैं।

Nutrients found in vegetables give strength to the body.

Relative clause 'paaye jaane waale'.

उन्होंने शाक-सब्ज़ी के बढ़ते दामों पर चिंता व्यक्त की।

They expressed concern over the rising prices of vegetables.

Formal 'chinta vyakt ki'.

बिना शाक के भोजन अधूरा प्रतीत होता है।

Without vegetables, the meal seems incomplete.

Postposition 'bina' (without).

वनस्पतियों के वर्गीकरण में शाक एक महत्वपूर्ण श्रेणी है।

In the classification of flora, vegetables/herbs are an important category.

Scientific register.

शाक-सब्जियों के संरक्षण के लिए नई तकनीकें अपनाई जा रही हैं।

New techniques are being adopted for the preservation of vegetables.

Passive voice 'apnaayi ja rahi hain'.

कवि ने प्रकृति के वर्णन में शाक-श्यामला धरती का प्रयोग किया है।

The poet used the phrase 'vegetation-darkened earth' in the description of nature.

Literary compound 'shaak-shyamla'.

शाक-वाटिका का सौंदर्यीकरण मानसिक शांति प्रदान करता है।

The beautification of a vegetable garden provides mental peace.

High-register 'saundaryikaran'.

जंगली शाक की पहचान करना एक कठिन कौशल है।

Identifying wild herbs/vegetables is a difficult skill.

Gerund 'pehchaan karna'.

शाकाहारी दर्शन अहिंसा के सिद्धांत पर आधारित है।

Vegetarian philosophy is based on the principle of non-violence.

Philosophical discussion.

शाक की प्रचुरता इस क्षेत्र की संपन्नता का प्रतीक है।

The abundance of vegetables is a symbol of this region's prosperity.

'Prachurta' (abundance).

रासायनिक खादों ने शाक के प्राकृतिक स्वाद को बदल दिया है।

Chemical fertilizers have changed the natural taste of vegetables.

Causal relationship.

शाक-शास्त्र के प्राचीन सिद्धांतों का आधुनिक विज्ञान से समन्वय आवश्यक है।

The coordination of ancient principles of olericulture with modern science is necessary.

Complex academic structure.

संस्कृत साहित्य में 'शाक' शब्द की व्युत्पत्ति अत्यंत रोचक है।

The etymology of the word 'Shaak' in Sanskrit literature is extremely interesting.

Linguistic analysis.

निर्धनता के कारण कई परिवार केवल शाक-पात पर आश्रित हैं।

Due to poverty, many families are dependent only on basic greens.

Socio-economic context.

शाक-अम्बरी देवी को वनस्पतियों की अधिष्ठात्री माना जाता है।

Goddess Shakambhari is considered the presiding deity of vegetation.

Mythological reference.

भोजन की शुद्धता शाक के चयन से ही सुनिश्चित होती है।

The purity of food is ensured only by the selection of the vegetables.

Focus on 'shuddhata' (purity).

शाक की विविध प्रजातियों का विलुप्त होना चिंताजनक है।

The extinction of various species of vegetables/herbs is worrisome.

Environmental register.

उन्होंने शाक-आहार के माध्यम से असाध्य रोगों का उपचार किया।

He treated incurable diseases through a vegetable-based diet.

Medical/Alternative therapy context.

शाक की कोमलता और उसका रंग पाक कला का आधार हैं।

The tenderness and color of the vegetable are the basis of culinary art.

Aesthetic description.

よく使う組み合わせ

हरा शाक

ताज़ा शाक

शाक-सब्ज़ी

शाक-वाटिका

शाक-पात

कच्चा शाक

पका हुआ शाक

शाक-आहार

मौसमी शाक

जंगली शाक

よく使うフレーズ

शाक-भाजी

— A general term for vegetables and greens, often used in Western India.

आज शाक-भाजी में क्या है?

शाक का सूप

— Vegetable soup, a common healthy dish.

बीमार होने पर शाक का सूप पिएं।

शाक काटना

— The act of cutting or chopping vegetables.

वह रसोई में शाक काट रही है।

शाक उगाना

— To grow vegetables, usually in a garden or farm.

मेरे दादाजी को शाक उगाना पसंद है।

शाक धोना

— To wash vegetables, a necessary hygienic step.

पकाने से पहले शाक धोना न भूलें।

ताज़े शाक

— Fresh vegetables, emphasizing quality.

ताज़े शाक का स्वाद अलग होता है।

शाक की दुकान

— Vegetable shop or stall.

शाक की दुकान गली के कोने पर है।

शाक-मंडी

— A wholesale vegetable market.

सुबह-सुबह शाक-मंडी में बहुत भीड़ होती है।

शाक-भोजन

— A meal consisting of vegetables.

शाक-भोजन सादा और पौष्टिक होता है।

शाक का रस

— Vegetable juice, often for health purposes.

लौकी का शाक-रस सेहतमंद है।

よく混同される語

शाक vs साग (Saag)

Saag is specific to leafy greens; Shaak is the general category for all vegetables.

शाक vs शॉक (Shock)

Shock is an English loanword for surprise/electric shock; Shaak has a different vowel sound.

शाक vs शाख (Shaakh)

Shaakh means a branch of a tree; it ends in a 'kh' sound, not 'k'.

慣用句と表現

"शाक-पात समझना"

— To consider someone or something insignificant or very easy to deal with (like simple greens).

तुमने मुझे शाक-पात समझ रखा है क्या?

Informal

"शाक-सब्ज़ी जैसे दाम"

— Referring to something that is very cheap or fluctuates frequently like vegetable prices.

शेयर बाज़ार के दाम शाक-सब्ज़ी जैसे हो गए हैं।

Neutral

"शाकाहारी शेर"

— An oxymoron used to describe someone who claims to be tough but is actually harmless.

वह तो शाकाहारी शेर है, किसी का क्या बिगाड़ेगा?

Informal

"हरे शाक की तरह खिलना"

— To look very fresh, healthy, and vibrant.

छुट्टियों के बाद तुम हरे शाक की तरह खिल रहे हो।

Literary

"शाक-वाटिका उजाड़ना"

— To destroy someone's hard work or a small, beautiful setup.

उसने मेरी बनी-बनाई शाक-वाटिका उजाड़ दी।

Poetic

"शाक-पात पर गुज़ारा करना"

— To live in extreme poverty, eating only the simplest food.

गरीब आदमी शाक-पात पर गुज़ारा कर रहा है।

Neutral

"शाक-भाजी कर देना"

— To mix things up or make a mess of a situation.

उसने सारी योजना की शाक-भाजी कर दी।

Informal

"ताज़ा शाक सा मन"

— A metaphor for a pure, fresh, and uncomplicated mind.

उसका मन ताज़े शाक सा पवित्र है।

Poetic

"शाक की जड़"

— The root cause of something (rarely used, usually 'fasaad ki jad').

यही इस समस्या की शाक की जड़ है।

Rare

"शाक-पर्व"

— A time of abundance of green vegetables, usually referring to the monsoon/winter transition.

अब शाक-पर्व शुरू हो गया है।

Cultural

間違えやすい

शाक vs शाख (Shaakh)

Similar sound.

Shaak is a vegetable; Shaakh is a branch of a tree or a department.

पेड़ की शाख टूट गई। (The branch of the tree broke.)

शाक vs साक (Saak)

Pronunciation error.

Saak is not a standard Hindi word; Shaak is the correct term.

Incorrect: साक खाओ। Correct: शाक खाओ।

शाक vs शौक (Shauk)

Vowel sound similarity.

Shauk means a hobby or passion; Shaak is a vegetable.

मुझे पढ़ने का शौक है। (I have a hobby of reading.)

शाक vs साख (Saakh)

Similar sound.

Saakh means reputation or credit in business.

उसकी बाज़ार में अच्छी साख है। (He has a good reputation in the market.)

शाक vs शक (Shak)

Short vowel.

Shak means doubt; Shaak is a vegetable.

मुझे उस पर शक है। (I doubt him.)

文型パターン

यह [Noun] है।

यह शाक है।

[Noun] [Adjective] होता है।

शाक सेहतमंद होता है।

हमें [Noun] खाना चाहिए।

हमें ताज़ा शाक खाना चाहिए।

[Noun] के कई लाभ हैं।

हरा शाक खाने के कई लाभ हैं।

[Noun] का प्रयोग [Context] में किया जाता है।

शाक का प्रयोग आयुर्वेद में किया जाता है।

[Noun] की प्रचुरता [Abstract Noun] का प्रतीक है।

शाक की प्रचुरता खुशहाली का प्रतीक है।

Mixed

बिना [Noun] के...

बिना शाक के भोजन फीका लगता है।

Mixed

[Adjective] [Noun] [Verb]

ताज़ा शाक लाओ।

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Common in formal writing, moderate in speech (mostly as Shaakahari).

よくある間違い

Using 'Shaak' to mean 'Vegetarian'. → Using 'Shaakahari'.
Shaak is the noun (vegetable); Shaakahari is the adjective/noun for the person/diet.
Treating 'Shaak' as feminine. → Treating it as masculine.
Unlike 'Sabzi', 'Shaak' is a masculine noun from Sanskrit.
Pronouncing it like 'Shock'. → Pronouncing with a long 'aa'.
The vowel sound is crucial for meaning in Hindi.
Confusing 'Shaak' with 'Saag'. → Using 'Saag' for greens and 'Shaak' for general vegetables.
Saag is a culinary subset of the category Shaak.
Using 'Shaak' in very casual street settings. → Using 'Sabzi'.
It can sound overly formal or unnatural in casual markets.

ヒント

Gender Check

Always remember Shaak is masculine. This is a common mistake for beginners who are used to the feminine 'Sabzi'. Say 'Achha Shaak', not 'Achhi Shaak'.

Formal vs Informal

Use 'Shaak' in your Hindi writing assignments to impress your teacher with your high-level vocabulary, but use 'Sabzi' with your friends.

The Green Dot

In India, look for a green dot in a square on food packaging. This is the 'Shaakahari' symbol, indicating the product is made of 'Shaak' and other plant-based ingredients.

Long Vowel

Focus on the 'aa' sound. It should be long and clear: Sh-AAAA-k. A short 'a' can make it sound like 'Shak' (doubt).

Ayurvedic Reading

If you are interested in health, look for Hindi books on 'Shaak-Vigyan' (the science of vegetables) for a deep dive into traditional Indian nutrition.

Compound Words

Learn 'Shaak-sabzi' as a single phrase. It's a very common way to say 'vegetables' in a slightly more formal but still accessible way.

Regional Nuances

If you hear someone from Bengal say 'Shaak,' they almost certainly mean leafy greens. In standard Hindi, it's more general.

Plural Forms

Don't over-pluralize. Often 'Shaak' is used as a collective noun, similar to how 'fruit' is often used in English.

The Shark Mnemonic

The 'Vegetarian Shark' (Shaak-Shark) is the best way to keep this word in your long-term memory.

Avoid 'Shaakh'

Be careful not to add a breathy sound at the end. 'Shaakh' means branch, and it will confuse your listener if you use it for vegetables.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Shaak' as 'Shark' but without the 'R'. Imagine a vegetarian shark that only eats green vegetables instead of fish. This 'Shaak-Shark' is a 'Shaakahari'!

視覚的連想

Imagine a bright green leaf shaped like the Hindi letter 'श' (Sha). See the leaf being chopped into a cooking pot. Associate the green color with the word 'Shaak'.

Word Web

Vegetable Green Healthy Garden Vegetarian Leafy Ayurveda Cook

チャレンジ

Try to find three items in your kitchen that can be called 'Shaak'. Write their names in Hindi and use the word 'Shaak' to describe them to a friend.

語源

The word 'Shaak' originates from the Sanskrit word 'Śāka' (शाक), which has been used for millennia to denote edible herbs and vegetables. It is a 'Tatsama' word, meaning it has been borrowed into modern Hindi directly from Sanskrit without modification.

元の意味： In Sanskrit, 'Śāka' referred to any pot-herb, leaf, or vegetable used for food, often contrasted with grain (Anna) or meat (Maans).

Indo-Aryan -> Sanskrit -> Hindi.

文化的な背景

Always respect the distinction between 'Shaakahari' (Vegetarian) and 'Maansahari' (Non-vegetarian) in India, as it is often tied to religious and caste identities.

English speakers often use 'veggies' or 'greens.' 'Shaak' is closer to the formal 'vegetables' or the specific 'leafy greens.'

Goddess Shakambhari (The Bearer of Vegetables) Sarson ka Saag (A famous Punjabi dish derived from the root Shaak) Shaakahari Thali (A standard meal option in Indian railways and restaurants)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At a Grocery Store

ताज़ा शाक कहाँ है?
शाक का क्या भाव है?
मुझे दो किलो शाक चाहिए।
क्या यह शाक जैविक है?

At a Doctor's Clinic

अधिक शाक खाएं।
हरे शाक से खून बढ़ता है।
शाक को उबालकर खाएं।
शाक-पात का सेवन करें।

In a Restaurant

क्या यहाँ शाकाहारी भोजन मिलता है?
शाक-भाजी में क्या है?
मुझे बिना मिर्च वाला शाक चाहिए।
यह शाक बहुत स्वादिष्ट है।

In a Garden

यह मेरी शाक-वाटिका है।
शाक में पानी डालो।
शाक अब पक गए हैं।
कीड़ों ने शाक खराब कर दिए।

News/Economy

शाक-सब्ज़ी के दाम बढ़े।
शाक की कमी हो गई है।
किसानों को शाक का सही दाम नहीं मिल रहा।
शाक-उत्पादन में वृद्धि हुई।

会話のきっかけ

"क्या आपको हरा शाक खाना पसंद है? (Do you like eating green vegetables?)"

"आपके देश में कौन सा शाक सबसे लोकप्रिय है? (Which vegetable is most popular in your country?)"

"क्या आप अपनी शाक-वाटिका बनाना चाहते हैं? (Do you want to make your own vegetable garden?)"

"क्या आप पूरी तरह से शाकाहारी हैं? (Are you completely vegetarian?)"

"ताज़ा शाक खरीदने के लिए सबसे अच्छी जगह कौन सी है? (Which is the best place to buy fresh vegetables?)"

日記のテーマ

आज आपने कौन-कौन से शाक खाए? उनके बारे में विस्तार से लिखें। (Which vegetables did you eat today? Write about them in detail.)

शाकाहार के फायदों पर एक छोटा लेख लिखें। (Write a short article on the benefits of vegetarianism.)

अपनी सपनों की शाक-वाटिका का वर्णन करें। (Describe your dream vegetable garden.)

बढ़ती महंगाई और शाक-सब्ज़ी के दामों पर अपने विचार लिखें। (Write your thoughts on rising inflation and vegetable prices.)

आयुर्वेद और शाक के संबंध पर शोध करके लिखें। (Research and write about the connection between Ayurveda and vegetables.)

よくある質問

10 問

Sabzi is the common, everyday word for vegetable, often used for cooked dishes. Shaak is more formal, Sanskrit-derived, and used in academic or health contexts. In some regions, Shaak specifically refers to leafy greens.

Shaak is a masculine noun. Therefore, you use masculine adjectives (e.g., ताज़ा शाक - Taaza Shaak) and masculine verb forms (e.g., शाक अच्छा है - Shaak achha hai).

You can, and people will understand you, but it might sound a bit formal. It's better to use 'Sabzi' for a more natural, local feel unless you are in West Bengal or parts of Gujarat where 'Shaak' is more common.

Technically, no. It can mean any vegetable. However, in many Hindi-speaking households, when people say 'Shaak' or its derivative 'Saag,' they are specifically thinking of greens like spinach or mustard.

Shaakahari (शाकाहारी) means vegetarian. It is formed by 'Shaak' (vegetable) and 'Aahari' (one who eats). It is the standard term for a person who does not eat meat.

You won't hear it as often as 'Sabzi,' but you will hear its derivative 'Shaakahari' frequently when characters discuss their diet or religious values.

The word is 'Shaak-vaatika' (शाक-वाटिका). 'Vaatika' means garden.

In the direct case, it remains 'Shaak' (e.g., 'Do shaak'). In the oblique case (with a preposition), it becomes 'Shaakon' (e.g., 'Shaakon ke fayde').

Yes, Shaak is the primary term used in Ayurveda to discuss the nutritional and medicinal properties of different vegetables.

No, the 'k' is a plain unaspirated sound. Do not pronounce it with a puff of air like the 'kh' in 'Khaana'.

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