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B1 noun 8分で読める

शपथ

shapath

練習する例文メモとヒント शपथ 30秒で

解説 शपथ in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'shapath' yourself, but you might hear it in very formal announcements. Think of it simply as a 'super promise'. At this stage, you are learning basic verbs like 'bolna' (to speak) and 'karna' (to do). You might encounter 'shapath' in a simple sentence like 'He speaks the truth' inside a court setting. It's enough to know that 'shapath' is a very serious 'vaada' (promise). You won't use it in daily greetings or shopping, but you might see it on a poster about honesty or in a simple story about a king. Focus on recognizing the word when you hear it in a formal context. It is a feminine noun, so if you see 'meri shapath', you know the 'i' ending at the end of 'meri' is because 'shapath' is feminine. This is a good early lesson in Hindi noun genders.

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By A2, you are beginning to understand more about Indian culture and formal settings. You might encounter 'shapath' in the context of school or government. You should know that 'shapath lena' means 'to take an oath'. You can start using it in simple sentences about historical figures or news events. For example, 'The King took an oath.' In Hindi, that would be 'Raja ne shapath li.' Notice how 'li' is used instead of 'liya' because 'shapath' is feminine. You might also see 'shapath-patra' (affidavit) if you are looking at forms or official documents. At this level, you are distinguishing between 'vaada' (casual promise) and 'shapath' (serious oath). You are also learning that Hindi has different words for the same thing depending on how formal the situation is. 'Shapath' is the formal one you hear on TV.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'shapath' correctly in sentences related to law, politics, and serious commitments. You understand that it is a 'Tatsama' word, meaning it comes directly from Sanskrit and carries a formal tone. You should be comfortable with the construction 'X ki shapath lena' (to take an oath of X). You can now describe a 'Shapath Grahan Samaroh' (swearing-in ceremony) or explain why a witness must take a 'shapath' in court. You are also becoming aware of the cultural weight of the word—it's not just a legal requirement but often a moral one. You can use 'shapath' to add gravity to your writing or speaking when discussing ethics, duty, or national identity. You should also be able to differentiate it from 'kasam' (informal) and 'sankalp' (resolution).

At the B2 level, your understanding of 'shapath' extends to its use in literature and complex news reports. You can understand nuanced phrases like 'shapath-bhang' (breach of oath) or 'shapath-purvak' (under oath/solemnly). You can engage in discussions about the ethical implications of breaking an oath. You are familiar with historical and mythological references where a 'shapath' drives the entire plot, such as in the Mahabharata. You can use the word in abstract contexts, such as 'loyalty to a cause'. Your grammar is precise; you never make mistakes with its feminine gender or the verbs it pairs with. You can also use causative forms like 'shapath dilana' (to administer an oath) to describe the actions of officials or judges in complex narratives.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the rhetorical power of 'shapath'. You can use it in formal essays, speeches, or debates to evoke a sense of tradition and solemnity. You understand the subtle differences between 'shapath', 'pratigya', and 'sankalp' and can choose the exact word to convey a specific nuance of intent. You can analyze how the word is used in political rhetoric to create a sense of 'Dharma' or duty. You are comfortable reading classical Hindi literature where 'shapath' might be used in archaic or poetic ways. You can also understand legal jargon surrounding 'shapath-patra' (affidavits) and the legal consequences of 'mithya shapath' (false oath/perjury). Your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker.

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At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command over the word 'shapath' and its various connotations across centuries of Hindi and Sanskrit literature. You can discuss the etymological roots and how the concept of 'shapath' has evolved from ancient Vedic rituals to modern constitutional law. You can appreciate and employ the word in high-level literary criticism, philosophical discourse, or legal analysis. You understand how 'shapath' functions as a linguistic tool for social cohesion and institutional legitimacy. You can use it with perfect stylistic flair, perhaps using it ironically in a satirical piece or with profound gravity in a formal eulogy. You are also aware of regional variations and how 'shapath' might be perceived differently across various Hindi-speaking communities and their local dialects.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

शपथ 30秒で

Shapath means 'oath' or 'solemn vow'.
It is a formal, feminine noun in Hindi.
Commonly used in courts and political ceremonies.
More serious and formal than the word 'vaada'.

The Hindi word शपथ (Shapath) is a profound and weighty noun that translates most accurately to 'oath' or 'solemn vow' in English. While the English word 'promise' covers a broad spectrum from casual plans to serious commitments, Hindi distinguishes between these levels of intent. A casual promise is often called a vaada, but a shapath is a formal, often public, and legally or spiritually binding declaration. In the linguistic landscape of India, using the word 'shapath' immediately elevates the conversation to a level of extreme seriousness and permanence. It is not something one says lightly while making weekend plans; it is something one declares when the stakes involve honor, law, or deep moral conviction.

Legal Context: In Indian courts, a witness takes a 'shapath' to tell the truth. This is the equivalent of 'swearing on the Bible' or making a legal affirmation. The word carries the weight of perjury if broken.
Political Context: The 'Shapath Grahan Samaroh' is the official swearing-in ceremony for the Prime Minister, Chief Ministers, and other high-ranking officials. Here, 'shapath' represents the transition from a private citizen to a public servant bound by the Constitution.

नवनियुक्त मंत्रियों ने आज पद और गोपनीयता की शपथ ली। (The newly appointed ministers took the oath of office and secrecy today.)

Historically, 'shapath' finds its roots in Sanskrit, appearing in ancient texts and epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana. In these epics, a shapath was often irrevocable; once a warrior or king took a vow, they would rather face death than break it. This historical baggage informs how modern Hindi speakers perceive the word. Even in a contemporary setting, if someone says, 'Main shapath leta hoon' (I take an oath), they are signaling that their words are etched in stone. It is often associated with a sense of duty (Kartavya) and integrity (Nishtha).

सैनिकों ने देश की रक्षा की शपथ खाई। (The soldiers took a vow to protect the country.)

Register and Tone: The word is highly formal (Tatsama). In casual street Hindi, people often use 'kasam' (of Arabic/Persian origin). However, in textbooks, news, and official speeches, 'shapath' is the standard.

क्या तुम इस बात की शपथ ले सकते हो? (Can you take an oath on this matter?)

Using 'shapath' correctly in Hindi requires understanding its grammatical partnership with specific verbs. The most common verb paired with 'shapath' is lena (to take) or khana (to eat/take, though lena is more formal). For learners, mastering the construction 'X ki shapath lena' (to take an oath of X) is essential for B1 level proficiency. This structure allows you to specify what the oath is about, whether it's truth, duty, or a specific action.

The Verb 'Lena' (To Take): This is the standard way to express taking an oath. Example: 'Usne sach bolne ki shapath li' (He took an oath to speak the truth). Note that 'shapath' is feminine, so the verb 'li' matches its gender.
The Verb 'Dilana' (To Administer): When an official or a judge makes someone else take an oath, we use the causative verb 'dilana'. Example: 'Rashtrapati ne mantri ko shapath dilayi' (The President administered the oath to the minister).

गवाह ने अदालत में शपथ के साथ बयान दिया। (The witness gave the statement under oath in court.)

Another important aspect is the use of 'shapath-patra' (affidavit). In administrative Hindi, you will frequently encounter this term. It literally means 'oath-letter'. If you are applying for a government document in India, you might be asked to submit a 'shapath-patra' to verify your claims. Understanding this compound word helps bridge the gap between abstract vocabulary and practical, everyday usage in professional environments.

आपको एक शपथ-पत्र जमा करना होगा। (You will have to submit an affidavit.)

Emphasis using 'Pavitra': Often, the adjective 'pavitra' (sacred) is added to emphasize the gravity. 'Yeh ek pavitra shapath hai' (This is a sacred oath). This is common in religious or highly patriotic contexts.

क्या आपने अपनी शपथ पूरी की? (Did you fulfill your oath?)

You are most likely to encounter 'shapath' in formal media, literature, and official proceedings. If you turn on an Indian news channel like NDTV India or Aaj Tak during election season, 'shapath' will be one of the most frequently used words. The 'Shapath Grahan' (Swearing-in) of a new government is a massive media event, broadcast live to millions. In this context, the word signifies the legitimacy of power and the beginning of a new administrative term. It is a moment of high drama and national importance.

आज मुख्यमंत्री का शपथ ग्रहण समारोह है। (Today is the Chief Minister's swearing-in ceremony.)

In the world of Bollywood and television dramas, 'shapath' is used to create tension. Characters might take a 'shapath' to seek revenge or to protect their family. This usage leans into the epic tradition, where a vow is a life-altering commitment. For example, a hero might say, 'Main shapath leta hoon ki main apne pita की maut ka badla loonga' (I swear that I will avenge my father's death). While people don't usually talk like this in modern Mumbai cafes, you will hear it constantly in historical dramas and high-stakes action movies.

Literature and Poetry: Hindi poets use 'shapath' to denote undying love or loyalty. It suggests a bond that transcends physical presence, often used to describe a lover's commitment or a patriot's devotion to the motherland.
News Headlines: Headlines often use 'shapath' for brevity and impact. 'Bhrashtachar mitane ki shapath' (Oath to eradicate corruption) is a classic political headline seen during anti-corruption movements.

उसने गंगा जल हाथ में लेकर शapath ली। (He took an oath by holding Ganges water in his hand.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using 'shapath' is confusing it with its more colloquial counterpart, 'kasam'. While both can translate to 'oath' or 'swear', they are not interchangeable in terms of social register. Using 'kasam' in a legal document or a formal speech would sound unprofessional, while using 'shapath' in a casual conversation with a friend might sound overly dramatic or even slightly ridiculous, like you are acting in a 1970s Bollywood film.

Gender Confusion: Since 'shapath' ends in a consonant, many learners assume it is masculine. However, it is feminine. Saying 'Mera shapath' (My oath - masc.) instead of 'Meri shapath' (My oath - fem.) is a common error that marks a speaker as a beginner.
Wrong Verb Association: Learners sometimes use 'karna' (to do) with shapath. You don't 'do' an oath; you 'take' (lena) it or 'eat' (khana) it. 'Shapath karna' sounds unnatural to native ears.

Incorrect: मैंने सच बोलने की शपथ किया।
Correct: मैंने सच बोलने की शपथ ली।

Another mistake involves the distinction between 'shapath' and 'vaada'. A 'vaada' is a promise you make to a person. A 'shapath' is a vow you make before an authority, a deity, or your own conscience. If you promise a friend you'll call them back, that's a 'vaada'. If you swear in court to tell the truth, that's a 'shapath'. Mixing these up can lead to social awkwardness or misunderstandings regarding the level of commitment you are making.

उसने अपनी शपथ तोड़ दी। (He broke his oath.) - Note the feminine 'di'.

Hindi is rich in synonyms for 'promise' and 'vow', each carrying a different nuance of formality, origin, and intensity. Understanding these alternatives will help you choose the right word for the right situation and improve your reading comprehension of diverse texts.

कसम (Kasam): Origin: Arabic. Register: Informal to Semi-formal. This is the most common word used in daily life. 'Teri kasam' (I swear on you) is a frequent phrase in songs and movies. It feels more emotional and personal than 'shapath'.
प्रतिज्ञा (Pratigya): Origin: Sanskrit. Register: Formal. Very close to 'shapath', but often refers to a personal pledge or a resolution. For example, 'Bheeshm Pratigya' refers to the famous unbreakable vow of Bheeshm in the Mahabharata.
संकल्प (Sankalp): Origin: Sanskrit. Register: Spiritual/Formal. This means 'resolution' or 'determination'. It is often used in the context of New Year's resolutions or spiritual commitments made during a puja (ritual).

मेरा संकल्प अटल है। (My resolution is firm.) vs मेरी शपथ पवित्र है। (My oath is sacred.)

When choosing between these, consider the 'source' of the authority. If the authority is the law or the state, use shapath. If the authority is your own willpower, use sankalp. If the authority is a person you love or a religious figure in a personal way, use kasam. If it is a grand, life-defining promise, use pratigya.

उसने अपनी प्रतिज्ञा निभाने के लिए सब कुछ त्याग दिया। (He sacrificed everything to fulfill his vow.)

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"माननीय मंत्री जी ने आज गोपनीयता की शपथ ली।"

ニュートラル

"उसने सच बोलने की शपथ ली है।"

カジュアル

"अरे भाई, मैं शपथ लेकर कह सकता हूँ कि मैं वहाँ नहीं था!"

Child friendly

"बच्चों, हमें हमेशा सच बोलने की शपथ लेनी चाहिए।"

スラング

豆知識

In ancient times, a 'shapath' was sometimes a way to prove innocence—if you could take a vow and not face a divine calamity, you were considered truthful.

発音ガイド

UK /ʃə.pət̪/

US /ʃə.pət̪/

Stress is balanced on both syllables, slightly more on the first.

韻が合う語

कपत (Kapat) लपत (Lapat) जपत (Japat) बचत (Bachat) रगत (Ragat) जगत (Jagat) मन्नत (Mannat) किस्मत (Kismat)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'th' as the English 'th' in 'think'. In Hindi, it's a soft 't'.
Making the first 'a' too long like 'aa'. It should be short.
Aspirating the 'p' like 'ph'. Keep it clean and short.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in formal texts once learned.

ライティング 4/5

Requires remembering the feminine gender and specific verb pairings.

スピーキング 4/5

The dental 'th' sound can be tricky for English natives.

リスニング 3/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to spot in news broadcasts.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

वादा बोलना लेना सत्य मंत्री

次に学ぶ

प्रतिज्ञा संकल्प संविधान न्यायालय प्रमाणित

上級

विधिक समारोह उल्लंघन निर्वहन मर्यादा

知っておくべき文法

Feminine Noun Agreement

मेरी शपथ (My oath), अच्छी शपथ (Good oath).

Compound Verbs with 'Lena'

शपथ लेना (To take an oath).

Causative Verbs

शपथ दिलाना (To cause someone to take an oath).

Postposition 'Ki'

सच बोलने की शपथ (Oath of speaking the truth).

Past Tense of 'Lena'

उसने शपथ ली (She/He took an oath).

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レベル別の例文

मैं शपथ लेता हूँ।

I take an oath.

'Main' is I, 'shapath' is oath, 'leta hoon' is take.

यह मेरी शपथ है।

This is my oath.

'Meri' is used because 'shapath' is feminine.

राजा ने शपथ ली।

The king took an oath.

'Li' is the past tense of 'lena' for feminine nouns.

शपथ बहुत जरूरी है।

The oath is very important.

'Zaroori' means important.

क्या यह आपकी शपथ है?

Is this your oath?

'Aapki' is the formal 'your' for feminine nouns.

वह शपथ नहीं लेगा।

He will not take the oath.

'Lega' is future tense for 'he'.

सच बोलने की शपथ।

Oath to speak the truth.

'Ki' connects truth-speaking to the oath.

शपथ लो।

Take the oath.

Imperative form of 'lena'.

मंत्री जी आज शपथ लेंगे।

The minister will take the oath today.

'Lenge' is respectful plural/formal future tense.

उसने अपनी शपथ पूरी की।

He fulfilled his oath.

'Poori ki' means fulfilled/completed.

अदालत में शपथ लेना पड़ता है।

One has to take an oath in court.

'Padta hai' indicates necessity/obligation.

यह एक पुरानी शपथ है।

This is an old oath.

'Purani' matches the feminine 'shapath'.

सैनिक ने देश के लिए शपथ ली।

The soldier took an oath for the country.

'Ke liye' means 'for'.

झूठी शपथ मत लो।

Do not take a false oath.

'Jhoothi' means false/lying.

शपथ पत्र कहाँ है?

Where is the affidavit?

'Shapath-patra' is a compound noun for affidavit.

हमें अपनी शपथ याद रखनी चाहिए।

We should remember our oath.

'Chahiye' means should.

संविधान की रक्षा करना हमारी शपथ है।

Protecting the constitution is our oath.

Gerund 'Raksha karna' acts as the subject.

न्यायाधीश ने गवाह को शपथ दिलाई।

The judge administered the oath to the witness.

'Dilayi' is the causative past tense.

शपथ ग्रहण समारोह शाम को होगा।

The swearing-in ceremony will be in the evening.

'Grahan' means 'taking/accepting'.

क्या आप इस शपथ का पालन करेंगे?

Will you follow this oath?

'Paalan karna' means to follow/obey.

उसने अपनी शपथ के विरुद्ध काम किया।

He acted against his oath.

'Ke viruddh' means against.

यह शपथ हमारे पूर्वजों की है।

This oath belongs to our ancestors.

'Purvaj' means ancestors.

बिना शपथ के गवाही मान्य नहीं है।

Testimony without an oath is not valid.

'Maanya' means valid/accepted.

उसने भारी मन से शपथ ली।

He took the oath with a heavy heart.

'Bhaari man se' is an idiomatic expression.

शपथ का उल्लंघन करना दंडनीय अपराध है।

Violating an oath is a punishable offense.

'Ullanghan' means violation; 'Dandaniya' means punishable.

उन्होंने सत्य और अहिंसा की शपथ ली थी।

They had taken an oath of truth and non-violence.

Past perfect tense 'li thi'.

शपथ पत्र में दी गई जानकारी सही होनी चाहिए।

The information given in the affidavit must be correct.

'Di gayi' is a passive construction.

उसकी शपथ ने पूरे राज्य को बदल दिया।

His oath changed the entire state.

Subject 'shapath' influences the verb 'diya' via the object 'rajya'.

क्या यह शपथ केवल एक औपचारिकता है?

Is this oath merely a formality?

'Aupcharikta' means formality.

वह अपनी शपथ पर अडिग रहा।

He remained firm on his oath.

'Adig' means firm/unshakeable.

शपथ लेने से पहले अच्छी तरह सोच लें।

Think carefully before taking an oath.

'Se pehle' means before.

यह शपथ पत्र नोटरी द्वारा प्रमाणित है।

This affidavit is certified by a notary.

'Pramanit' means certified.

शपथ की मर्यादा बनाए रखना अत्यंत आवश्यक है।

It is extremely necessary to maintain the dignity of the oath.

'Maryada' means dignity/limit.

राजनीतिक लाभ के लिए शपथ का दुरुपयोग निंदनीय है।

The misuse of an oath for political gain is reprehensible.

'Durupayog' is misuse; 'Nindaniya' is reprehensible.

उनकी शपथ में अटूट निष्ठा झलकती है।

Unwavering loyalty is reflected in his oath.

'Nishtha' means loyalty/devotion.

न्यायालय ने उसे मिथ्या शपथ के लिए दोषी पाया।

The court found him guilty of a false oath (perjury).

'Mithya' means false; 'Doshi' means guilty.

शपथ के शब्दों में गहरा अर्थ छिपा होता है।

A deep meaning is hidden in the words of the oath.

'Chhipa hota hai' means is hidden.

लोकतंत्र में शपथ एक पवित्र बंधन है।

In a democracy, an oath is a sacred bond.

'Bandhan' means bond/tie.

उसने अपनी अंतरात्मा की शपथ ली।

He took an oath of his conscience.

'Antaratma' means conscience.

शपथ का निर्वहन करना हर नागरिक का कर्तव्य है।

To fulfill the oath is the duty of every citizen.

'Nirvahan' means fulfillment/carrying out.

शपथ की दार्शनिक पृष्ठभूमि अत्यंत जटिल है।

The philosophical background of the oath is extremely complex.

'Darshanik' means philosophical.

ऐतिहासिक परिप्रेक्ष्य में शपथ का महत्व अतुलनीय है।

In historical perspective, the importance of the oath is incomparable.

'Atulniya' means incomparable.

क्या शपथ केवल शब्दों का आडंबर मात्र है?

Is an oath merely a display of words?

'Aadambar' means ostentation/show.

शपथ की शक्ति उसकी नैतिकता में निहित है।

The power of an oath lies in its morality.

'Nihit' means inherent/contained within.

उन्होंने जीवन पर्यंत अपनी शपथ का मान रखा।

He upheld the honor of his oath throughout his life.

'Jivan paryant' means lifelong.

शपथ और विधिक उत्तरदायित्व एक दूसरे के पूरक हैं।

Oath and legal responsibility are complementary to each other.

'Purak' means complementary.

महाकाव्यों में शपथ प्रायः नियति का मार्ग प्रशस्त करती है।

In epics, an oath often paves the way for destiny.

'Prashast karna' means to pave/clear.

शपथ की पवित्रता का क्षरण समाज के लिए घातक है।

The erosion of the sanctity of the oath is fatal for society.

'Ksharan' means erosion; 'Ghatak' means fatal.

よく使う組み合わせ

शपथ लेना (Shapath lena)

शपथ दिलाना (Shapath dilana)

शपथ पत्र (Shapath patra)

शपथ ग्रहण (Shapath grahan)

झूठी शपथ (Jhoothi shapath)

पवित्र शपथ (Pavitra shapath)

शपथ तोड़ना (Shapath todna)

शपथ के तहत (Shapath ke tahat)

गोपनीयता की शपथ (Gopniyata ki shapath)

शपथ पर (Shapath par)

よく使うフレーズ

शपथ लेना

— To take an oath. Used in almost all formal contexts.

मैंने सच बोलने की शपथ ली।

शपथ ग्रहण समारोह

— Swearing-in ceremony. Used for government officials.

कल शपथ ग्रहण समारोह है।

शपथ पत्र

— Affidavit. A written statement confirmed by oath.

वकील ने शपथ पत्र तैयार किया।

पद की शपथ

— Oath of office. Taken when starting a high-level job.

उन्होंने पद की शपथ ली।

गोपनीयता की शपथ

— Oath of secrecy. Common in government and military.

जासूसों को गोपनीयता की शपथ लेनी होती है।

झूठी शपथ

— Perjury or a false vow. Something strongly discouraged.

झूठी शपथ लेना पाप है।

शपथ के साथ

— With an oath. Used to emphasize truthfulness.

उसने शपथ के साथ यह बात कही।

शपथ तोड़ना

— To break an oath. A sign of dishonor.

शपथ तोड़ना आसान नहीं है।

शपथ दिलाना

— To administer an oath. Done by an authority figure.

जज ने गवाह को शपथ दिलाई।

शपथ पूर्वक

— Solemnly / Under oath. Used in legal documents.

शपथ पूर्वक बयान दर्ज किया गया।

よく混同される語

शपथ vs कसम (Kasam)

Kasam is emotional and informal; Shapath is legal and formal.

शपथ vs वादा (Vaada)

Vaada is a general promise; Shapath is a solemn oath.

शपथ vs श्राप (Shraap)

Often confused by beginners because of the 'Sh' sound. Shraap means 'curse'.

慣用句と表現

"अग्नि शपथ (Agni Shapath)"

— A vow taken before fire, considered unbreakable. Rooted in ancient tradition.

उसने अग्नि शपथ ली कि वह कभी झूठ नहीं बोलेगा।

Literary/Dramatic

"शपथ खाना (Shapath Khana)"

— To swear/take an oath. 'Khana' is less formal than 'lena' but very common.

मैं तुम्हारी शपथ खाता हूँ।

Informal/Neutral

"भीष्म प्रतिज्ञा (Bheeshm Pratigya)"

— While using 'pratigya', it is the ultimate idiom for a 'shapath' that will never be broken.

उसकी भीष्म प्रतिज्ञा ने सबको हैरान कर दिया।

Cultural/Historical

"गंगा जल की शपथ (Ganga Jal ki Shapath)"

— Swearing by the holy water of the Ganges. Extremely sacred for Hindus.

उसने गंगा जल की शपथ ली है, वह झूठ नहीं बोलेगा।

Cultural/Religious

"शपथ पर होना (Shapath par hona)"

— To be under oath. Usually in a courtroom.

आप अभी शपथ पर हैं, सच बताइये।

Legal

"शपथ उठाना (Shapath Uthana)"

— To take up a vow, often for a cause.

स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों ने देश को आजाद कराने की शपथ उठाई थी।

Formal/Patriotic

"शपथ से बंधा होना (Shapath se bandha hona)"

— To be bound by an oath.

मैं अपनी शपथ से बंधा हूँ, कुछ नहीं कह सकता।

Neutral

"शपथ का मान रखना (Shapath ka maan rakhna)"

— To uphold the honor of an oath.

उसने अपनी शपथ का मान रखा।

Formal

"शपथ की बलि चढ़ना (Shapath ki bali chadhna)"

— To sacrifice oneself for an oath.

वह अपनी शपथ की बलि चढ़ गया।

Dramatic/Poetic

"झूठी शपथ की मार (Jhoothi shapath ki maar)"

— The curse or bad luck following a false oath.

उसे झूठी शपथ की मार झेलनी पड़ी।

Informal/Superstitious

間違えやすい

शपथ vs प्रतिज्ञा

Both mean vow.

Pratigya is often a personal pledge; Shapath is often an official oath.

उसने अपनी प्रतिज्ञा पूरी की। (Personal vow)

शपथ vs संकल्प

Both involve commitment.

Sankalp is a mental resolution; Shapath is a spoken/written oath.

नया साल, नया संकल्प। (New Year Resolution)

शपथ vs वचन

Both mean promise.

Vachan is your word of honor; Shapath is more formal and ceremonial.

मैंने उसे वचन दिया है। (I have given him my word)

शपथ vs कसम

Synonyms.

Kasam is used in songs/street talk; Shapath is used in courts/parliament.

खुदा की कसम! (Swear by God!)

शपथ vs श्राप

Phonetic similarity.

Shraap is a curse (negative); Shapath is an oath (positive/serious).

ऋषि ने श्राप दिया। (The sage gave a curse)

文型パターン

यह मेरी [noun] है।

यह मेरी शपथ है।

[Subject] ने शपथ ली।

उसने शपथ ली।

[Verb-na] की शपथ लेना।

सच बोलने की शपथ लेना।

[Authority] ने [Subject] को शपथ दिलाई।

जज ने उसे शपथ दिलाई।

शपथ के अनुसार, [Sentence].

शपथ के अनुसार, मैं सच कहूँगा।

शपथ का [Noun] करना [Adjective] है।

शपथ का उल्लंघन करना गलत है।

शपथ-बद्ध होने के कारण, [Sentence].

शपथ-बद्ध होने के कारण, मैं यह नहीं बता सकता।

शपथ की [Abstract Noun] [Verb].

शपथ की मर्यादा बनी रहनी चाहिए।

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Common in formal speech, news, and law; rare in casual daily chat.

よくある間違い

Using 'shapath' for a casual promise. → Use 'vaada' or 'promise' (Hinglish).
'Shapath' is too heavy for casual things like meeting for coffee.
Saying 'Mera shapath'. → Say 'Meri shapath'.
'Shapath' is a feminine noun.
Using 'karna' instead of 'lena'. → Use 'shapath lena'.
You take an oath, you don't 'do' an oath in Hindi grammar.
Pronouncing 'th' like 'think'. → Pronounce it as a dental 't'.
The Hindi 'th' (थ) is different from the English 'th'.
Confusing 'shapath' with 'shraap'. → Shapath (vow), Shraap (curse).
They sound similar but have opposite meanings.

ヒント

Gender Agreement

Always treat 'shapath' as feminine. This affects your verbs (li, di) and adjectives (meri, achhi).

Official Use

Use 'shapath' when translating official documents or news. It provides the necessary gravitas.

Compound Words

Learn 'shapath-patra' (affidavit) as it's very useful for administrative tasks in India.

Avoid 'Kasam' in Formal Settings

Never use 'kasam' in a job interview or a formal speech; it sounds too colloquial.

Recognizing Tone

If you hear 'shapath' in a movie, expect a serious plot twist or a character's major life change.

Formal Writing

When writing a formal letter of commitment, 'shapath' or 'sankalp' are better choices than 'vaada'.

Sanskrit Roots

Knowing it's a Sanskrit word helps you identify it as a high-register 'Tatsama' word.

News keywords

Link 'shapath' with 'samaroh' (ceremony) in your mind to quickly understand political news.

Solemn S

Remember: Shapath = Solemn. Both start with an 'S' sound in English translation.

Daily Vow

Every morning, say 'Main aaj Hindi seekhne ki shapath leta hoon' to practice the structure.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'SHAPE-ath'. An oath helps 'SHAPE' your character and 'PATH'.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person in a courtroom with one hand on a holy book and the other raised. The word 'SHAPATH' is written in gold on the book.

Word Web

Law Truth Court Minister Promise Sacred Vow Affidavit

チャレンジ

Try to write three things you would take a 'shapath' for in your life. Use the formal structure 'Main [X] ki shapath leta hoon'.

語源

Derived from the Sanskrit word 'शपथ' (śapatha). It has been used in Indian languages for over three millennia to denote a curse, a vow, or a solemn declaration.

元の意味： In Vedic Sanskrit, it often referred to a curse or a trial by ordeal, later evolving into the modern meaning of a solemn vow.

Indo-Aryan / Sanskrit-based.

文化的な背景

Be careful when using 'shapath' in religious contexts; it can be very sensitive if perceived as a mockery.

English speakers might use 'promise' for everything. In Hindi, they must learn that 'shapath' is reserved for 'High Stakes' moments.

The swearing-in of Narendra Modi as PM. Bheeshm's vow in the Mahabharata TV series. The movie 'Shapath' (1997) starring Mithun Chakraborty.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Courtroom

शपथ लेना
शपथ पत्र
झूठी शपथ
बयान

Politics

शपथ ग्रहण
पद की शपथ
मंत्रिमंडल
समारोह

Military

देश की रक्षा
शपथ बद्ध
अनुशासन
सैनिक

Administration

शपथ पत्र जमा करना
नोटरी
सत्यापन
दस्तावेज

Literature/Drama

प्राणों की शपथ
अग्नि शपथ
प्रतिशोध
मर्यादा

会話のきっかけ

"क्या आपने कभी किसी बात की शपथ ली है?"

"भारत में शपथ ग्रहण समारोह का क्या महत्व है?"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि शपथ लेना आज भी मायने रखता है?"

"अदालत में शपथ लेने की प्रक्रिया क्या होती है?"

"अगर कोई अपनी शपथ तोड़ दे, तो क्या होना चाहिए?"

日記のテーマ

आज मैंने एक शपथ ली कि मैं रोज़ हिंदी का अभ्यास करूँगा। यह मेरे लिए क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है?

एक ऐसी घटना के बारे में लिखें जब किसी ने अपनी शपथ निभाई हो।

शपथ और साधारण वादे के बीच क्या अंतर है? अपने शब्दों में विस्तार से लिखें।

क्या शपथ लेना किसी व्यक्ति को अधिक जिम्मेदार बनाता है? विचार साझा करें।

अपने देश के प्रति आपकी क्या शपथ है? उसे हिंदी में लिखें।

よくある質問

10 問

It is feminine. You should use 'meri shapath' and 'shapath li'.

You can, but it sounds very dramatic. Use 'kasam' or 'vaada' instead for a natural feel.

It means an 'affidavit'—a written document where you swear that the facts are true.

The most common verb is 'lena' (to take). You can also use 'khana' (to eat/swear) in slightly less formal settings.

Yes, it is the official word used for the oaths taken by the President, PM, and judges.

You say 'shapath todna' or more formally 'shapath ka ullanghan karna'.

They are very similar. 'Saugandh' is often used in poetic or highly emotional but still formal contexts.

It literally means 'oath-taking'. It refers to a swearing-in ceremony.

In ancient Sanskrit, yes. In modern Hindi, it almost exclusively means a vow or oath.

It is a soft dental 't'. Touch your tongue to your upper teeth and release a small puff of air.

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