Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'mnogo', 'malo', and 'dosta' to describe quantity, but remember: they always force the following noun into the Genitive case!
- Use 'mnogo' for much/many: 'mnogo vode' (much water).
- Use 'malo' for little/few: 'malo vremena' (little time).
- Always use the Genitive case for the noun that follows.
- Use 'dosta' for enough or quite a lot: 'dosta kruha' (enough bread).
Quantifier + Genitive Case Patterns
| Adverb | Noun Type | Genitive Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Mnogo
|
Uncountable (Masc)
|
Singular (-a)
|
Mnogo šećera (Much sugar)
|
|
Mnogo
|
Countable (Masc)
|
Plural (-a)
|
Mnogo prozora (Many windows)
|
|
Malo
|
Uncountable (Fem)
|
Singular (-e)
|
Malo vode (A little water)
|
|
Malo
|
Countable (Fem)
|
Plural (-a)
|
Malo knjiga (Few books)
|
|
Dosta
|
Uncountable (Neut)
|
Singular (-a)
|
Dosta mlijeka (Enough milk)
|
|
Dosta
|
Countable (Neut)
|
Plural (-a)
|
Dosta sela (Enough villages)
|
Meanings
Adverbs of quantity describe the amount of something or the degree to which an action is performed. In Croatian, when these adverbs modify a noun, they function as quantifiers and require the noun to be in the Genitive case (Partitive Genitive).
Quantifying Nouns
Specifying the amount of a substance or the number of items.
“Pijem malo kave.”
“Trebamo mnogo jaja.”
Modifying Verbs
Describing the intensity or duration of an action.
“On mnogo radi.”
“Ona malo spava.”
Degree with Adjectives
Expressing the intensity of a quality.
“Ovaj film je malo dosadan.”
“Juha je dosta slana.”
Reference Table
| Function | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative (Noun)
|
Mnogo + Genitive
|
Imam mnogo vremena.
|
|
Negative (Noun)
|
Ne + Verb + Malo + Genitive
|
Nemam malo problema.
|
|
Question (Noun)
|
Li + Adverb + Genitive
|
Imaš li dosta novca?
|
|
Modifying Verb
|
Verb + Mnogo/Malo
|
On mnogo spava.
|
|
Modifying Adjective
|
Adverb + Adjective
|
Ovo je dosta skupo.
|
|
Short Answer
|
Adverb alone
|
Koliko? - Mnogo.
|
|
Comparison
|
Mnogo + Comparative
|
Ovo je mnogo bolje.
|
|
Emphasis
|
Jako + Malo
|
Imam jako malo vremena.
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
Postoji velik broj ljudi. (social gathering)
Ima mnogo ljudi. (social gathering)
Ima puno ljudi. (social gathering)
Ima brdo ekipe. (social gathering)
The Genitive Magnet
Uncountable
- vode water
- vremena time
- šećera sugar
Countable
- ljudi people
- knjiga books
- prijatelja friends
Mnogo vs. Malo vs. Dosta
Choosing the Case
Are you using 'mnogo', 'malo', or 'dosta'?
Is there a noun following it?
レベル別の例文
Imam mnogo novca.
I have a lot of money.
Želim malo vode.
I want a little water.
To je dosta.
That is enough.
Imaš li malo vremena?
Do you have a little time?
U gradu ima mnogo turista.
There are many tourists in the city.
Dosta mi je posla.
I've had enough of work.
On jede malo kruha.
He eats a little bread.
Trebamo mnogo jaja za kolač.
We need many eggs for the cake.
Film je bio dosta zanimljiv.
The movie was quite interesting.
Malo smo zakasnili na sastanak.
We were a little late for the meeting.
Puno ljudi misli da je to istina.
A lot of people think that is the truth.
Imaš li imalo nade?
Do you have even a little hope?
Mnogo se toga promijenilo od lani.
A lot of that has changed since last year.
On je prilično mnogo postigao.
He has achieved quite a lot.
Dosta je bilo tvojih laži!
Enough of your lies!
Malo tko bi to povjerovao.
Few would believe that.
Veleučenjak je imao malo premca u svojoj struci.
The great scholar had few equals in his field.
Njegov je doprinos bio mnogo veći nego što se mislilo.
His contribution was much greater than thought.
Dosta je reći da smo uspjeli.
Suffice it to say that we succeeded.
Malo-pomalo, sve je došlo na svoje mjesto.
Little by little, everything fell into place.
U tim je krajevima bilo čuda naroda.
In those parts, there were a ton of people.
Njegova se rječitost očitovala u malo riječi.
His eloquence was manifested in few words.
Dosta mu bješe jada i nevolje.
He had had enough of misery and woe.
Mnogošta se dalo naslutiti iz njegova pogleda.
Much could be sensed from his gaze.
間違えやすい
Learners aren't sure which one is 'more correct'.
Confusing the adverb with the adjective.
Both can mean 'a lot', but 'previše' is negative.
よくある間違い
Imam mnogo prijatelji.
Imam mnogo prijatelja.
Želim malo voda.
Želim malo vode.
Mnogo ljudi su tamo.
Mnogo ljudi je tamo.
On je malo čovjek.
On je mali čovjek.
To je mnogo dobro.
To je vrlo dobro.
文型パターン
Imam ___ ___.
U frižideru ima ___ ___.
On ___ ___.
Ovaj zadatak je ___ ___.
Real World Usage
Imam puno posla, čujemo se kasnije!
Molim vas malo kruha i dosta bureka.
Imam mnogo iskustva u ovom sektoru.
Puno sunca i malo odmora.
Ima li ovdje mnogo turista?
Pijem malo vode i mnogo spavam.
The 'Puno' Shortcut
The Verb Trap
Genitive Plural Ending
Dosta means Enough
Smart Tips
Pause and change the noun's ending to '-a'.
Use 'malo' to sound more polite and natural when asking for side items.
Always use the singular 'je' or 'bilo je', never the plural.
Use 'dosta' before an adjective.
発音
Short-falling accent on 'mnogo'
The first 'o' is short and stressed.
Dosta emphasis
When used as an interjection, the stress is sharp and the final 'a' is short.
Exclamatory Quantity
Ima ih MNOGO! ↗
Emphasizing the surprising amount.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember the 'Three M's': Mnogo, Malo, and... Must use Genitive!
視覚的連想
Imagine a giant magnet (the adverb) pulling the letter 'A' or 'U' (Genitive endings) onto the end of every noun that gets too close.
Rhyme
Kad je mnogo ili malo, do Genitiva nam je stalo!
Story
A giant named Mnogo lived in a house with many books (mnogo knjiga). He ate little bread (malo kruha) but had enough water (dosta vode) to share with everyone.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around your room and name 3 things you have 'mnogo' of and 3 things you have 'malo' of, using the Genitive case.
文化メモ
In Dalmatia, you might hear 'puno' used even more frequently than in the north, often with a specific melodic intonation.
When ordering coffee, 'malo' is used to specify the amount of milk. 'Kava s malo toplog mlijeka' is a standard order.
Croatians will often insist you eat more. If you say 'Dosta je', they might still give you 'još malo' (a little more).
Derived from Proto-Slavic roots *mъnogъ (many) and *malъ (small/little).
会話のきっかけ
Imaš li mnogo slobodnog vremena?
Piješ li mnogo kave ili čaja?
Ima li u tvom gradu mnogo turista ljeti?
Misliš li da ljudi danas previše rade?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Imam mnogo ___ (prijatelji).
Ne želim kavu, već sam popio ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
Pijem malo voda.
ima / mnogo / u / gradu / turista
Identify the quantifier: 'Danas imam puno posla.'
The word 'mnogo' changes its ending based on the gender of the noun.
A: Hoćeš li još juhe? B: Ne hvala, ___ mi je.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
練習問題
8 exercisesImam mnogo ___ (prijatelji).
Ne želim kavu, već sam popio ___.
Find and fix the mistake:
Pijem malo voda.
ima / mnogo / u / gradu / turista
Identify the quantifier: 'Danas imam puno posla.'
The word 'mnogo' changes its ending based on the gender of the noun.
A: Hoćeš li još juhe? B: Ne hvala, ___ mi je.
1. Malo, 2. Mnogo, 3. Dosta
Score: /8
よくある質問 (8)
Yes! Unlike English which uses 'many' for people and 'much' for water, Croatian uses `mnogo` for both. Just remember to use Genitive Plural for people and Genitive Singular for water.
There is no difference in meaning or grammar. `Puno` is more common in everyday conversation, while `mnogo` is slightly more formal or literary.
`Mnogi` is an adjective (meaning 'numerous'). It changes its ending to match the noun (mnogi ljudi, mnoge žene). As a beginner, it's safer to stick to the adverb `mnogo` + Genitive.
It can mean 'enough' (sufficiently) or 'quite a lot'. Context usually makes it clear. 'Dosta mi je' usually means 'I'm fed up'.
It's better to say `jako sretan` or `vrlo sretan`. `Mnogo` is mostly used for quantities of things or with comparative adjectives (mnogo bolji).
Always use the **Genitive** case. For singular nouns, it usually ends in -e or -a. For plural nouns, it usually ends in -a.
No, it can also be a noun meaning 'a little bit', but in A2 grammar, you will almost always use it as an adverb of quantity.
Use the word `previše`. It also requires the Genitive case, just like `mnogo`.
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
much / many
Croatian uses one word for both much/many but requires the Genitive case.
mucho / poco
Spanish uses adjective agreement; Croatian uses adverbial quantification with Genitive.
viel / wenig
German 'viele' declines like an adjective; Croatian 'mnogo' is an invariable adverb.
beaucoup de / peu de
French uses the preposition 'de' while Croatian uses the Genitive case ending.
很多 (hěnduō) / 很少 (hěnshǎo)
Chinese has no cases or noun endings.
كثير (kathīr) / قليل (qalīl)
Arabic quantifiers usually follow the noun; Croatian ones precede it.
