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B2 adjective 11分で読める

incerto

練習する例文メモとヒント incerto 30秒で

解説 incerto in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'incerto' is usually introduced in very specific, concrete contexts. The most common use is to describe the weather. Beginners learn that 'il tempo è incerto' means it might rain or it might be sunny. At this stage, students should focus on the basic masculine singular form 'incerto' and the feminine 'incerta'. You might use it to say you are not sure about a simple plan, like 'Sono incerto per stasera'. The focus is on the basic meaning of 'not sure' or 'maybe'. It is a step up from 'non lo so' (I don't know) because it expresses a feeling of doubt rather than just a lack of information. Learners at this level should practice matching the adjective to simple nouns like 'tempo' (weather) or 'risultato' (result). It is a useful word to have in your pocket when you want to avoid giving a definitive 'yes' or 'no' in basic conversations. You will see it in simple weather apps or hear it in basic classroom instructions when a teacher describes a task that doesn't have one single right answer.

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At the A2 level, learners start to use 'incerto' to describe physical movements and more varied situations. You might describe someone's walk as 'un passo incerto' if they are elderly or walking on a difficult surface. You also begin to use the plural forms: 'incerti' and 'incerte'. For example, 'Le risposte sono incerte'. At this level, you should be able to use 'incerto' with the preposition 'su' to say what you are uncertain about, such as 'Sono incerto sulla data'. This allows for slightly more complex sentences. You might also encounter it in sports contexts, describing a game where you don't know who will win. The word starts to appear in short reading passages about travel or daily life, often used to describe plans that aren't finalized yet. It's important to start distinguishing it from 'sicuro' (sure/safe), which is its direct opposite. Practice using it in sentences like 'Il mio futuro è un po' incerto' to talk about your life in a simple but meaningful way.

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At the B1 level, 'incerto' becomes a key word for expressing opinions and discussing abstract topics. You will use it to talk about the economy, politics, or personal feelings. You should be comfortable using the structure 'essere incerto se + infinitive' (to be uncertain whether to...). For example: 'Siamo incerti se comprare una casa nuova'. This is a very common way to express dilemmas. You will also start to see 'incerto' used in more literary or formal contexts, such as describing a 'luce incerta' (dim light) in a story. At B1, you are expected to understand the nuance that 'incerto' can mean 'unreliable' as well as 'unsure'. For instance, 'un testimone incerto' is a witness who isn't reliable. You should also be aware of the noun form 'l'incertezza'. This level requires you to use the word in more varied sentence structures and to understand it when it's used in news reports or more detailed conversations about social issues. You might also start to see the proverb 'non lasciare il certo per l'incerto' in cultural readings.

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At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced command of 'incerto'. You understand that it can describe not just a lack of knowledge, but a fundamental lack of stability in the world. You can use it to describe an 'esito incerto' (uncertain outcome) of a complex negotiation or a 'clima incerto' (uncertain climate) in a professional setting. You are expected to distinguish 'incerto' from synonyms like 'dubbioso' (for people) or 'precario' (for stability). You should be able to use 'incerto' in formal writing to describe data or results that are not definitive. At this level, you also recognize the use of 'l'incerto' as a noun meaning 'the unknown'. You can handle the word in fast-paced listening exercises, such as radio interviews where speakers might use it to hedge their statements. Your use of the word should be grammatically perfect, correctly applying gender and number agreement even in complex sentences with multiple clauses. You might also use the adverb 'incertamente', though you know that 'in modo incerto' often sounds more natural. This is the level where you use 'incerto' to add sophistication to your descriptions of people's behavior and motivations.

At the C1 level, you use 'incerto' with precision and stylistic flair. You can use it in academic or professional contexts to describe 'stime incerte' (uncertain estimates) or 'parametri incerti'. You understand its use in classical Italian literature, where it might describe the 'incerto confine' between reality and dreams. You are aware of the subtle difference between 'incerto' and 'aleatorio' (left to chance) and can choose the right one for the context. You can use 'incerto' to describe a person's character in a nuanced way—not just as 'undecided' but as someone who lacks a firm moral or intellectual foundation. In debates, you might use the concept of 'l'incerto' to discuss risk management or philosophical skepticism. You understand the word when it is used in idiomatic or metaphorical ways in high-level journalism, such as 'un'incerta alba' referring to the beginning of a new political era. Your vocabulary is rich enough that 'incerto' is just one of many tools you use to describe the complexities of certainty and doubt. You can also analyze how the word's meaning has shifted slightly over time in different literary periods.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'incerto' and all its connotations. You can use it to engage in deep philosophical discussions about the nature of truth and 'il divenire incerto' (the uncertain becoming). You are familiar with its use in legal jargon, such as 'diritto incerto' or 'credito incerto', and can navigate these technicalities with ease. You can appreciate and use the word in highly poetic contexts, perhaps imitating the style of great Italian poets like Leopardi or Montale, where 'incerto' might describe the flickering of a soul or the vague horizons of the infinite. You understand the etymological depth of the word and how it relates to other Romance languages. In professional translation or high-level negotiation, you know exactly when 'incerto' is the only word that will suffice to capture a specific type of ambiguity. You can also play with the word in creative writing, using it to create atmosphere or to characterize a protagonist's internal conflict. For a C2 speaker, 'incerto' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual tool used to navigate the most subtle and complex aspects of the Italian language and culture.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

incerto 30秒で

Incerto means 'uncertain' or 'doubtful'. It describes things that aren't fixed, like the weather, a result, or a person's decision-making state.
It is an adjective that must agree in gender and number with the noun: incerto, incerta, incerti, incerte.
Commonly used in phrases like 'tempo incerto' (unpredictable weather) and 'passo incerto' (shaky or hesitant step).
Distinguish it from 'insicuro' (unsafe/lacking self-confidence). 'Incerto' focuses on the lack of a definite outcome or knowledge.

The Italian word incerto is a versatile adjective that primarily translates to "uncertain," "doubtful," or "unreliable." At its core, it describes a state where clarity, stability, or certainty is lacking. This can apply to physical objects, weather conditions, abstract concepts like the future, or even a person's physical gait. Understanding incerto requires recognizing its Latin roots—incertus, composed of the prefix in- (not) and certus (fixed, settled, or certain). In the Italian mindset, incertezza (the noun form) is often viewed with a mix of caution and philosophical acceptance, reflecting the unpredictable nature of life, politics, and the elements.

Meteorological Context: In Italy, you will frequently hear this word during weather forecasts. Tempo incerto refers to that frustrating state where it might rain, might be sunny, or might just stay cloudy all day. It is the quintessential description for spring or autumn days in the Po Valley or the Apennines.

Il cielo oggi è molto incerto, ti consiglio di portare l'ombrello.

Physical Movement: When describing a person's walk or movement, passo incerto suggests a lack of balance or confidence. This could be due to old age, illness, intoxication, or walking on uneven terrain like the cobblestones (sampietrini) of Rome.

Il vecchio camminava con un passo incerto sulla ghiaia.

Beyond the physical, incerto is a staple of economic and political discourse. Italians often speak of an esito incerto (uncertain outcome) regarding elections or market fluctuations. It captures the tension of a situation that has not yet reached a resolution. In literature, it is used to describe vague memories or blurred lines of sight. For example, a luce incerta is a dim, flickering light that doesn't allow for clear vision. This nuance of "blurred" or "vague" is what separates it from a simple "no." It is the gray area between being sure and being completely wrong.

Abbiamo ricordi incerti di quella serata d'estate.

Emotional Hesitation: When a person is incerto, they are wavering. They are not necessarily insecure in their personality (which would be insicuro), but rather undecided about a specific choice or action. It implies a moment of cognitive pause before a decision is made.

Era incerto se accettare o meno l'offerta di lavoro.

Non lasciare il certo per l'incerto.

In summary, incerto is the word of the threshold. It describes the moment before the rain falls, the step before the stumble, and the thought before the choice. It is a fundamental brick in the wall of B2-level Italian, allowing speakers to move beyond simple 'yes/no' certainties into the nuanced reality of human experience where very little is ever truly fixed.

Using incerto correctly involves more than just knowing its definition; it requires understanding its grammatical behavior and the specific prepositions it attracts. As an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. While this seems basic, the placement of the adjective can subtly change the rhythm and emphasis of the sentence. Usually, incerto follows the noun when it provides a clarifying description (e.g., un futuro incerto), but it can precede the noun for poetic or emphatic effect (e.g., un incerto chiarore).

Agreement Rules: Masculine Singular: incerto. Feminine Singular: incerta. Masculine Plural: incerti. Feminine Plural: incerte. Remember that plural masculine 'incerti' is also used for mixed-gender groups.

Le prospettive per l'anno prossimo sono ancora incerte.

The Preposition 'Su' and 'Di': When incerto describes a person's mental state, it is often followed by 'su' (about) or 'di' (of). For example, incerto sul da farsi (uncertain about what to do) or incerto del risultato (uncertain of the result).

Sono incerto sulla strada da prendere.

Another common structure is incerto se... which translates to "uncertain whether...". This is perfect for expressing a dilemma. In this case, the adjective remains linked to the subject. If the subject is a woman, she would say Sono incerta se venire. If it's a group of men, they would say Siamo incerti se restare. This construction is very high-frequency in daily conversation and formal writing alike.

Maria era incerta se rispondere al messaggio.

Describing Abstract Nouns: When modifying abstract nouns like 'fede' (faith), 'speranza' (hope), or 'destino' (destiny), incerto adds a layer of fragility. It suggests that these things are not solid or guaranteed.

Viviamo in tempi di incerta moralità.

Il credito è considerato incerto fino alla sentenza definitiva.

Finally, consider the adverbial form incertamente (uncertainly). While less common than the adjective, it is used to describe how an action is performed. Camminava incertamente (He walked uncertainly). However, in many cases, Italians prefer the structure con passo incerto or in modo incerto over the adverb itself, as it sounds more natural and descriptive. Mastering these variations will make your Italian sound more fluid and sophisticated.

If you are in Italy, you don't have to look far to find the word incerto. It permeates various spheres of life, from the mundane to the highly intellectual. One of the most common places is the television news (il telegiornale). Journalists love this word because politics in Italy is famously fluid. You will hear about maggioranze incerte (uncertain majorities) in parliament or trattative dall'esito incerto (negotiations with an uncertain outcome). It is the language of the 'maybe' that dominates the public square.

The Sports World: In sports commentary, especially football (calcio), incerto describes a match where the winner is hard to predict. A commentator might say, 'La partita resta incerta fino all'ultimo minuto' (The match remains uncertain until the last minute). It builds suspense and describes the competitive parity between teams.

Il campionato quest'anno è più incerto che mai.

At the Doctor's Office: Medical contexts often use incerto to describe a prognosis or a diagnosis that isn't yet confirmed. A doctor might speak of an evoluzione incerta of a disease, meaning they aren't sure how the patient will progress. It is a precise way to communicate the limits of medical knowledge.

La prognosi rimane incerta per le prossime ventiquattro ore.

In the realm of literature and cinema, incerto is used to evoke atmosphere. In Italian Noir or 'Giallo' novels, the detective might follow an indizio incerto (a vague clue) or walk through an incerta nebbia (a shaky/vague fog). It adds a layer of mystery and psychological depth. Even in daily conversations with friends, if someone asks you if you're coming to a party and you're not sure, you might say, 'Sono ancora un po' incerto, ti faccio sapere più tardi' (I'm still a bit uncertain/undecided, I'll let you know later).

Era incerto se ridere o arrabbiarsi per quella battuta.

Economic Reports: Financial analysts use incerto to describe market volatility. Phrases like mercati incerti or ripresa incerta (uncertain recovery) are common headlines in 'Il Sole 24 Ore', Italy's leading financial newspaper.

La situazione economica globale appare estremamente incerta.

I confini tra i due regni rimasero incerti per secoli.

Whether you are reading a high-brow essay on the human condition or just checking if you need a jacket, incerto is the linguistic tool that bridges the gap between what we know and what we don't. It is an essential word for anyone navigating the beautiful but often unpredictable Italian landscape.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using incerto is confusing it with insicuro (insecure). While they share a similar semantic space, they are not interchangeable. Insicuro usually refers to a lack of self-confidence or a lack of safety (e.g., a dangerous neighborhood). Incerto, on the other hand, refers to a lack of certainty about a fact, an outcome, or a choice. If you say 'Sono incerto', you mean you haven't decided. If you say 'Sono insicuro', you are talking about your personality or a general feeling of vulnerability.

Mistake 1: Confusing 'Incerto' and 'Insicuro': Incorrect: 'Questo ponte è incerto.' (Unless you mean the bridge is undecided about its future). Correct: 'Questo ponte è insicuro.' (The bridge is physically unsafe).

Non essere così insicuro di te stesso! (Not 'incerto').

Mistake 2: Gender and Number Agreement: Since 'incerto' ends in '-o', it must change. A common error is using 'incerto' for everything. Remember: 'La risposta è incerta', not 'incerto'.

Le date del viaggio sono ancora incerte.

Another mistake involves the choice of prepositions. English speakers might want to say 'incerto circa' (uncertain about) because of the English 'about'. While 'circa' is possible in very formal writing, in spoken Italian, 'su' or 'di' is much more common. For example, 'Sono incerto sulla scelta' is more natural than 'incerto circa la scelta'. Furthermore, avoid using 'incerto' to mean 'vague' when describing a person's character in a negative way; 'vago' or 'evasivo' are better choices there.

Lui è sempre molto evasivo quando gli chiedi dei soldi. (Better than 'incerto').

Mistake 3: Overusing 'Incerto' for 'I don't know': If someone asks you a simple question like 'What time is it?', don't say 'Sono incerto'. Say 'Non lo so' or 'Non ne sono sicuro'. 'Incerto' implies a deeper state of hesitation or a lack of objective certainty in the world.

Non sono sicuro dell'ora esatta.

Pronuncia corretta: in-CHÈR-to.

Finally, be careful with the phrase lasciare l'incerto per il certo. This is a common proverb, but students often flip it. The proverb is non lasciare la via vecchia per la nuova or non lasciare il certo per l'incerto (don't leave what is certain for what is uncertain). Using it correctly shows a high level of cultural competence.

To truly master the concept of uncertainty in Italian, you need to know the synonyms and nuances that distinguish incerto from its cousins. While incerto is the most general term, other words can provide more precision depending on whether you are talking about a physical state, a mental doubt, or a precarious situation. Expanding your vocabulary in this area will help you avoid repetition and express yourself like a native speaker.

Dubbioso vs. Incerto: Dubbioso specifically refers to a person who has doubts. You wouldn't call the weather 'dubbioso'. You use 'incerto' for the weather and 'dubbioso' for a person's skeptical attitude.

Lo guardò con uno sguardo dubbioso.

Precario vs. Incerto: Precario is used when something is unstable or likely to collapse. It is very common in the context of jobs (lavoro precario). While an 'incerto' job might mean you don't know if you'll get it, a 'precario' job means you have it but might lose it any second.

Molti giovani hanno un equilibrio economico precario.

Another excellent alternative is vacillante. This is best for physical or metaphorical shaking. A 'passo incerto' is a step that lacks confidence, but a 'passo vacillante' is a step where the person is actually about to fall. Metaphorically, you can have a 'fede vacillante' (wavering faith). If something is not clear because it is blurred, you might use indistinto or vago. For example, 'una figura indistinta nella nebbia' (an indistinct figure in the fog) conveys a visual uncertainty that incerto only touches upon.

Le sue spiegazioni erano troppo vaghe per essere utili.

Esitante vs. Incerto: Esitante describes the action of pausing. If you are 'incerto', that is your state of mind. If you are 'esitante', that is how you are behaving—pausing before speaking or moving.

Rispose con voce esitante.

L'esito del referendum è aleatorio.

By choosing between incerto, dubbioso, precario, vacillante, and aleatorio, you show that you understand the specific flavor of uncertainty you are describing. This level of detail is exactly what examiners look for at the B2 and C1 levels of the CEFR scale.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root 'certus' is the past participle of 'cernere', which means 'to sift' or 'to distinguish'. So, etymologically, being 'incerto' means you haven't sifted through the options yet!

発音ガイド

UK /inˈtʃɛr.to/

US /inˈtʃɛr.to/

The stress is on the second syllable: in-CHÈR-to.

韻が合う語

erto aperto coperto scoperto esperto deserto offerto sofferto

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'c' as a hard 'k' (like 'inkerto').
Failing to roll the 'r' slightly.
Making the final 'o' sound like an 'oh' diphthong.
Stressing the first syllable instead of the second.
Pronouncing the 'e' as a closed 'ay' sound.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize due to English 'uncertain', but nuances in literature can be tricky.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct gender/number agreement and proper preposition use (su/di).

スピーキング 3/5

Pronunciation of the 'ch' sound is the main hurdle for beginners.

リスニング 3/5

Commonly used in fast-paced news; easy to catch once the 'ch' sound is mastered.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

certo sicuro forse tempo passo

次に学ぶ

incertezza dubbioso precario aleatorio esitante

上級

ontologico indeterminazione contingenza prognosi statuto

知っておくべき文法

Adjective Agreement

Il risultato (m.s.) è incerto. La risposta (f.s.) è incerta.

Prepositional Usage

Incerto 'su' qualcosa. Incerto 'di' qualcosa.

Subordinate Clauses with 'Se'

Sono incerto se (if/whether) venire alla festa.

Adjective Position

Un futuro incerto (standard) vs. Un incerto futuro (poetic).

Noun formation from Adjectives

L'incerto (the uncertain thing/unknown) uses the masculine singular form.

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レベル別の例文

Il tempo è incerto oggi.

The weather is uncertain today.

Subject-Adjective agreement (masculine singular).

Sono incerto se andare al cinema.

I am uncertain whether to go to the cinema.

Use of 'incerto' with 'se' + infinitive.

La risposta è incerta.

The answer is uncertain.

Feminine singular agreement.

Lui ha un passo incerto.

He has an uncertain step.

Describing a physical movement.

Il risultato della partita è incerto.

The result of the match is uncertain.

'Incerto' modifying 'risultato'.

Siamo incerti per la cena.

We are uncertain about dinner.

Masculine plural agreement.

La tua idea è incerta.

Your idea is uncertain.

Feminine singular agreement.

Vedo un futuro incerto.

I see an uncertain future.

Adjective following the noun.

Le date delle vacanze sono ancora incerte.

The holiday dates are still uncertain.

Feminine plural agreement.

Sono incerto su quale vestito comprare.

I am uncertain about which dress/suit to buy.

Use of 'su' for the object of uncertainty.

Il cammino era incerto a causa del fango.

The path was uncertain because of the mud.

Describing a physical condition.

Molti studenti sono incerti sul loro futuro.

Many students are uncertain about their future.

Masculine plural agreement.

La luce incerta della candela illuminava la stanza.

The uncertain light of the candle lit the room.

Adjective preceding the noun for emphasis.

Non essere incerto, prendi una decisione!

Don't be uncertain, make a decision!

Imperative context.

I testimoni hanno dato versioni incerte.

The witnesses gave uncertain versions.

Describing reliability.

Il prezzo del petrolio rimane incerto.

The price of oil remains uncertain.

Economic context.

Siamo incerti se accettare la loro proposta.

We are uncertain whether to accept their proposal.

B1 structure: 'incerti se' + infinitive.

Il destino dell'azienda è incerto dopo la crisi.

The company's fate is uncertain after the crisis.

Abstract noun modification.

Parlava con una voce incerta e tremante.

He/she spoke with an uncertain and trembling voice.

Describing manner of speaking.

È pericoloso camminare con passo incerto in montagna.

It is dangerous to walk with an uncertain step in the mountains.

Physical safety context.

Le prove contro di lui sono ancora incerte.

The evidence against him is still uncertain.

Legal/investigative context.

L'incerto esito delle elezioni preoccupa i cittadini.

The uncertain outcome of the elections worries the citizens.

Adjective-noun inversion.

Mi sento incerto riguardo al mio nuovo ruolo.

I feel uncertain regarding my new role.

Use of 'riguardo a'.

Non lasciare il certo per l'incerto, dice il proverbio.

Don't leave the certain for the uncertain, says the proverb.

Proverbial usage of 'incerto' as a noun.

La ripresa economica è ancora troppo incerta per festeggiare.

The economic recovery is still too uncertain to celebrate.

Nuanced economic description.

Aveva un'espressione incerta, come se non mi riconoscesse.

He had an uncertain expression, as if he didn't recognize me.

Psychological nuance.

I confini tra i due stati sono rimasti incerti per decenni.

The borders between the two states remained uncertain for decades.

Historical/geopolitical context.

Si muoveva incertamente tra la folla, cercando un'uscita.

He moved uncertainly through the crowd, looking for an exit.

Adverbial use (incertamente).

L'incerto chiarore dell'alba filtrava tra le persiane.

The uncertain glow of dawn filtered through the shutters.

Literary/atmospheric usage.

Il paziente mostrava segni di un recupero ancora incerto.

The patient showed signs of a still uncertain recovery.

Medical context.

Resta incerto se il progetto verrà finanziato quest'anno.

It remains uncertain whether the project will be funded this year.

Impersonal construction 'Resta incerto se'.

Le sue parole, sebbene gentili, lasciavano un senso incerto.

His words, although kind, left an uncertain feeling.

Describing an abstract 'feeling' or 'sense'.

La dottrina giuridica su questo punto è alquanto incerta.

Legal doctrine on this point is somewhat uncertain.

Formal/Academic register.

L'incerto confine tra genio e follia è un tema ricorrente.

The uncertain boundary between genius and madness is a recurring theme.

Philosophical/Literary context.

Il mercato reagisce negativamente a ogni segnale incerto.

The market reacts negatively to every uncertain signal.

Financial nuance.

Si avvertiva un'incerta tensione nell'aria prima del discorso.

An uncertain tension was felt in the air before the speech.

Describing an atmosphere.

Le stime sull'affluenza alle urne sono ancora molto incerte.

Estimates on voter turnout are still very uncertain.

Political/Statistical context.

Un'incerta memoria d'infanzia riaffiorò improvvisamente.

An uncertain childhood memory suddenly resurfaced.

Psychological/Literary usage.

Il futuro dell'accordo internazionale appare quanto mai incerto.

The future of the international agreement appears more uncertain than ever.

Diplomatic register.

Navigare nell'incerto richiede coraggio e adattabilità.

Navigating the uncertain requires courage and adaptability.

Noun usage in a philosophical sense.

L'incerto divenire delle cose umane è il fulcro della sua opera.

The uncertain becoming of human things is the core of his work.

High-level philosophical discourse.

La validità del contratto è subordinata a un evento incerto.

The validity of the contract is subject to an uncertain event.

Technical legal terminology.

Le sue pennellate creano un'incerta trama di luci e ombre.

His brushstrokes create an uncertain weave of light and shadow.

Art criticism register.

Si perse in un'incerta meditazione sulla natura del tempo.

He lost himself in an uncertain meditation on the nature of time.

Introspective literary style.

L'incerto statuto ontologico di tali particelle divide i fisici.

The uncertain ontological status of such particles divides physicists.

Scientific/Philosophical register.

Egli avanzava con quella sua incerta baldanza, quasi comica.

He advanced with that uncertain boldness of his, almost comical.

Oxymoronic literary description.

La storiografia rimane incerta sull'attribuzione di quel testo.

Historiography remains uncertain about the attribution of 그 text.

Academic historical register.

Vivere nell'incerto è la condizione essenziale della modernità.

Living in the uncertain is the essential condition of modernity.

Sociological/Philosophical assertion.

よく使う組み合わせ

Tempo incerto

Passo incerto

Esito incerto

Futuro incerto

Luce incerta

Risultato incerto

Destino incerto

Voce incerta

Confini incerti

Ricordo incerto

よく使うフレーズ

Rimanere incerto

— To remain undecided or for a situation to stay unresolved.

La situazione rimane incerta nonostante i colloqui.

Essere incerto sul da farsi

— To be unsure about what steps to take next.

Siamo tutti incerti sul da farsi in questa emergenza.

Lasciare nell'incerto

— To leave someone in a state of doubt or without information.

La sua risposta mi ha lasciato nell'incerto.

In modo incerto

— In an uncertain or shaky manner.

Si muoveva in modo incerto nella stanza buia.

Sentirsi incerto

— To feel a sense of doubt or lack of confidence about something.

Mi sento incerto se questo sia il momento giusto.

Quanto mai incerto

— Extremely uncertain (emphatic).

Il successo del piano è quanto mai incerto.

Ancora incerto

— Still uncertain (common in news and updates).

Il numero delle vittime è ancora incerto.

Apparire incerto

— To seem or appear uncertain.

Lui appariva incerto durante l'interrogatorio.

Rendere incerto

— To make something uncertain or unstable.

La nebbia ha reso incerto il volo.

Essere incerto tra...

— To be undecided between two or more options.

Sono incerto tra il rosso e il blu.

よく混同される語

incerto vs Insicuro

Insicuro refers to lack of safety or self-confidence; incerto refers to lack of certainty or definite outcome.

incerto vs Dubbioso

Dubbioso is usually for people having doubts; incerto is more general and applies to situations and objects.

incerto vs Vago

Vago means blurry or not clearly defined; incerto means not sure or not fixed.

慣用句と表現

"Non lasciare il certo per l'incerto"

— Don't give up something sure for something that might not happen. Similar to 'A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush'.

Tieniti il tuo lavoro; non lasciare il certo per l'incerto.

Proverbial

"Navigare nell'incerto"

— To move forward in a situation where nothing is clear or guaranteed.

In questo mercato, dobbiamo imparare a navigare nell'incerto.

Metaphorical

"Sull'incerto"

— In a state of doubt or on shaky ground.

Siamo rimasti sull'incerto per tutta la settimana.

Informal

"L'incerto del mestiere"

— The risks or unpredictable factors inherent in a job.

Le lunghe attese sono l'incerto del mestiere di attore.

Professional

"Mettere in incerto"

— To cast doubt upon something.

Le sue azioni hanno messo in incerto la sua lealtà.

Formal

"Andare all'incerto"

— To go towards an unknown or risky situation.

Partire senza un piano significa andare all'incerto.

Literary

"L'incerto per il certo"

— Trading certainty for uncertainty (often used with 'scambiare').

Hai scambiato l'incerto per il certo e ora hai perso tutto.

Proverbial

"Vivere di incerto"

— To live without a fixed income or a stable life situation.

Molti artisti devono abituarsi a vivere di incerto.

Colloquial

"Un'incerta gloria"

— A fleeting or questionable success.

Quella vittoria gli portò solo un'incerta gloria.

Literary

"Passo incerto, cuore fermo"

— Physical weakness but strong will (rare/poetic).

Nonostante l'età, avanzava con passo incerto ma cuore fermo.

Poetic

間違えやすい

incerto vs Insicuro

Both translate to 'uncertain' or 'insecure' in some contexts.

Insicuro is for safety (unsafe bridge) or personality (shy person). Incerto is for outcomes (uncertain result) or decisions.

La scala è insicura (unsafe). L'esito è incerto (uncertain).

incerto vs Dubbio

Both relate to not knowing.

Dubbio is a noun (a doubt). Incerto is an adjective (uncertain).

Ho un dubbio (I have a doubt). Sono incerto (I am uncertain).

incerto vs Indeciso

Both describe not making a choice.

Indeciso is only for people who can't decide. Incerto can be for people, things, or weather.

Lui è indeciso tra due piatti. Il tempo è incerto.

incerto vs Precario

Both imply a lack of stability.

Precario suggests something is about to fail or is temporary. Incerto suggests the outcome is unknown.

Un lavoro precario (unstable job). Un futuro incerto (unknown future).

incerto vs Aleatorio

Both mean uncertain.

Aleatorio is much more formal and usually relates specifically to chance or gambling.

Un guadagno aleatorio (a gain left to chance).

文型パターン

[Subject] è incerto.

Il tempo è incerto.

Sono incerto su [Noun].

Sono incerto sulla scelta.

Siamo incerti se [Infinitive].

Siamo incerti se partire.

L'esito di [Noun] resta incerto.

L'esito della gara resta incerto.

[Noun] appare quanto mai incerto.

Il futuro appare quanto mai incerto.

Navigare nell'incerto di [Concept].

Navigare nell'incerto della condizione umana.

Non lasciare il certo per l'incerto.

Mio padre mi diceva sempre: non lasciare il certo per l'incerto.

Con un [Noun] incerto.

Si avvicinò con un sorriso incerto.

語族

名詞

incertezza (uncertainty)

incerto (the unknown/uncertain factor)

動詞

incertire (rare/archaic - to make uncertain)

accertare (to verify/make certain - antonymic root)

形容詞

incerto (uncertain)

certo (certain)

使い方

frequency

High, especially in news, weather, and personal decision contexts.

よくある間違い

Lui è molto incerto di se stesso. → Lui è molto insicuro di se stesso.
When referring to a lack of self-confidence, use 'insicuro'. 'Incerto' is for lack of certainty about facts or choices.
Il tempo è incerta. → Il tempo è incerto.
'Tempo' is a masculine noun, so the adjective must end in '-o'.
Sono incerto circa la data. → Sono incerto sulla data.
While 'circa' is grammatically possible, 'su' (sulla) is much more common and natural in modern Italian.
Questo ponte è incerto. → Questo ponte è insicuro.
If a bridge is physically dangerous or unstable, it is 'insicuro'. 'Incerto' would mean the bridge hasn't decided what to do.
Non sono incerto l'ora. → Non sono sicuro dell'ora / Non so l'ora.
Don't use 'incerto' for simple lack of factual information like the time. It implies a state of doubt or hesitation.

ヒント

Agreement is Key

Always check the noun gender. 'Il tempo' is masculine, so 'incerto'. 'La scelta' is feminine, so 'incerta'. This is a common B2 exam point.

Weather Context

If you see clouds and sun together in an Italian forecast, the word used will almost always be 'incerto'. It's more common than 'variabile' in casual speech.

Don't say 'Sono incerto' for 'I don't know'

Use 'Non lo so' for facts. Use 'Sono incerto' when you are weighing options or feel a sense of doubt about a future event.

The Proverb

Memorize 'Non lasciare il certo per l'incerto'. It's a classic piece of Italian advice that will make you sound very native.

The Soft C

The 'c' followed by 'e' is always soft like 'church'. Never pronounce it like a 'k'. Practice saying 'in-CHERT-o' slowly.

Preposition Choice

Stick to 'su' for the most natural sound. 'Sono incerto sulla risposta' sounds much better than using other prepositions.

News Keywords

In political news, listen for 'esito incerto'. It's the most common way journalists describe close elections or difficult laws.

Literary Flair

Place 'incerto' before the noun (e.g., 'un incerto chiarore') to add a poetic, atmospheric touch to your descriptions.

Incerto vs. Insicuro

Remember: A person is 'insicuro' of themselves, but 'incerto' about a specific choice. A bridge is 'insicuro', not 'incerto'.

The Noun 'L'incerto'

In high-level Italian, you can use 'l'incerto' as a noun. 'Preferisco il certo all'incerto' (I prefer the certain over the unknown).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the 'in-' as 'not' and 'certo' as 'certain'. If you are IN-CERTO, you are NOT CERTAIN. Also, the 'ch' sound in 'incerto' is like the 'ch' in 'CHance'—everything is left to chance!

視覚的連想

Imagine a person standing at a fork in the road with a large question mark over their head. The road signs are blurry and the sky is gray and cloudy. This is the essence of 'incerto'.

Word Web

Doubt Weather Future Step Result Maybe Blurry Hesitant

チャレンジ

Try to use 'incerto' three times today: once to describe the weather, once to describe a choice you are making, and once to describe an outcome of a sports match or news event.

語源

Derived from the Latin 'incertus'. The Latin word is formed by the negative prefix 'in-' and the adjective 'certus', which means 'fixed', 'determined', or 'certain'.

元の意味： Not fixed, not determined, or not sure.

Romance (Italic)

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but when describing a person's physical gait as 'incerto', be careful not to sound insensitive if they have a disability.

English speakers often use 'unsure' for people and 'uncertain' for situations. Italian uses 'incerto' for both, but 'insicuro' is specifically for lack of safety or self-confidence.

Dante Alighieri uses 'incerto' in the Divine Comedy to describe the dim light of Limbo. The proverb 'Non lasciare il certo per l'incerto' is found in almost every collection of Italian folk wisdom. Modern Italian pop songs often use 'incerto' to describe the fragile nature of love.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Weather Forecasts

Cielo incerto
Tempo incerto
Previsioni incerte
Variabilità incerta

Physical Movement

Passo incerto
Camminare incertamente
Equilibrio incerto
Mano incerta

Business and Finance

Mercato incerto
Investimento incerto
Credito incerto
Ripresa incerta

Personal Decisions

Essere incerto sul da farsi
Sentirsi incerto
Rimanere incerto
Essere incerto tra due opzioni

Legal and Official

Esito incerto
Prova incerta
Testimonianza incerta
Diritto incerto

会話のきっかけ

"Cosa ne pensi di questo tempo incerto? Usciamo lo stesso?"

"Sei ancora incerto su quale università scegliere per l'anno prossimo?"

"L'esito della partita di ieri è stato incerto fino alla fine, non trovi?"

"Ti senti mai incerto quando devi parlare in una lingua straniera?"

"Secondo te, il futuro dell'economia mondiale è più incerto oggi rispetto a dieci anni fa?"

日記のテーマ

Descrivi un momento della tua vita in cui ti sei sentito molto incerto su una decisione importante.

Quali sono le cose che rendono il tuo futuro incerto e come affronti questa sensazione?

Parla di un viaggio in cui il tempo incerto ha cambiato i tuoi programmi originali.

Rifletti sul proverbio 'non lasciare il certo per l'incerto'. Sei d'accordo o preferisci rischiare?

Descrivi una persona che conosci che ha sempre un modo di fare incerto o esitante.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but it usually describes a temporary state of indecision rather than a permanent personality trait. For a shy or unconfident person, 'insicuro' is better. For someone who is currently wavering on a choice, 'incerto' is perfect. Example: 'Lui è un tipo incerto' implies he struggles to make decisions.

It is a neutral word. You can use it with friends to talk about the weather ('tempo incerto') or in a formal report to describe 'risultati incerti'. It is very versatile across all levels of formality.

'Dubbioso' is almost always used for people (a person who doubts). 'Incerto' can be used for people, but also for things, weather, and abstract concepts. You can't have 'tempo dubbioso', only 'tempo incerto'.

You can say 'Sono incerto sul futuro' or 'Vedo un futuro incerto'. Using the preposition 'su' is the most common way to specify what you are uncertain about.

Yes, Italian adjectives must agree. For feminine plural nouns like 'risposte' (answers), you must use 'incerte'. Example: 'Le sue risposte erano incerte'.

Yes, in a literary context. 'Un'incerta visione' or 'un'incerta luce' refers to something that is not clearly visible or is dimly lit. It conveys a sense of visual ambiguity.

It literally means 'uncertain step'. It is used to describe someone who is walking shakily, perhaps because they are old, sick, or walking on a dangerous surface like ice or loose rocks.

Yes, the noun is 'incertezza' (uncertainty). Also, 'l'incerto' can be used as a masculine noun to mean 'the unknown' or 'the uncertain factor'.

It functions as a predicate adjective following the verb 'essere'.

The most direct opposites are 'certo' (certain) and 'sicuro' (sure/safe). You could also use 'determinato' for a person who has made a firm decision.

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