Overview
The Korean word '과중하다' (gwajunghada) is a descriptive verb that conveys the meaning of something being heavy, excessive, or burdensome. It's often used to describe situations, tasks, responsibilities, or even emotions that are perceived as being too much to handle or beyond a reasonable limit. The word is composed of two main parts: '과' (gwa), meaning 'excessive' or 'over,' and '중하다' (junghada), meaning 'to be heavy' or 'important.'
'과중하다' can be applied in various contexts. For instance, you might use it to describe an overwhelming workload ('업무가 과중하다' - eopmu-ga gwajunghada), implying that the amount of work is too much for an individual to manage effectively. It can also refer to a burden of responsibility ('책임이 과중하다' - chaegim-i gwajunghada), suggesting that the responsibilities placed upon someone are too great. In a more abstract sense, it can describe a heavy emotional burden or a situation that feels overly taxing.
Understanding the nuance of '과중하다' is crucial. It doesn't simply mean 'heavy' in a literal physical sense, but rather implies a qualitative assessment of something being 'too heavy' or 'excessive' in terms of its impact or demand. It often carries a connotation of difficulty, strain, or being overwhelmed. When used, it highlights a state where the subject is experiencing a significant challenge due to the magnitude or intensity of something.
To use it effectively, consider the context and what aspect of 'heaviness' or 'excessiveness' you want to emphasize. Is it the sheer volume of work? The gravity of a responsibility? The intensity of an emotion? '과중하다' is a versatile term for expressing such states in Korean.
例文
그에게는 업무가 너무 과중해요.
WorkloadThe work is too heavy for him.
이번 학기에는 과제가 너무 과중해서 힘들어요.
AcademicsThe assignments are too excessive this semester, so it's hard.
세금이 과중하여 서민들의 삶이 더욱 어려워지고 있습니다.
TaxesTaxes are too burdensome, making the lives of ordinary people even more difficult.
그의 책임이 과중하여 어깨가 무거워 보였어요.
ResponsibilitiesHis responsibilities were too heavy, and his shoulders looked burdened.
경기가 좋지 않아 과중한 채무에 시달리는 가정이 늘고 있어요.
FinanceDue to the poor economy, more families are suffering from excessive debt.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく混同される語
Similar pronunciation, but '가중하다' means to aggravate or intensify, while '과중하다' means to be heavy or excessive.
文法パターン
使い方
使い方のコツ
'과중하다' is an adjective and is used to describe a noun that is heavy, excessive, or burdensome. It can be applied to a wide range of situations. Common nouns it modifies include '업무' (workload), '책임' (responsibility), '부담' (burden), '과제' (task/assignment), and '스트레스' (stress). When used in a sentence, it often appears in its descriptive form, e.g., '과중한 업무' (excessive workload) or '책임이 과중하다' (the responsibility is heavy). It's a relatively formal word and is commonly encountered in news reports, official statements, and more serious conversations. While it can be used colloquially, more informal expressions like '힘들다' (to be difficult/hard) or '많다' (to be a lot) might be preferred for everyday use, depending on the context and the degree of 'heaviness.' For example, a friend might say '숙제가 너무 많아' (There's too much homework) rather than '숙제가 과중하다' (The homework is burdensome).
よくある間違い
A common mistake is confusing '과중하다' (gwa-junghada) with words that sound similar but have different meanings, such as '가중하다' (ga-junghada), which means 'to aggravate' or 'to make heavier' (often in the sense of adding to something already heavy or difficult). While both relate to weight or burden, '과중하다' describes a state of being excessively heavy or burdensome, whereas '가중하다' describes an action of making something heavier or more severe. For example, you would say '업무가 과중하다' (eopmu-ga gwa-junghada) for 'the work is excessive/burdensome', but '부담을 가중하다' (budam-eul ga-junghada) for 'to aggravate the burden'. Another common error is misusing it in contexts where a simpler word like '무겁다' (mugeopda, to be heavy) would be more appropriate for physical weight, as '과중하다' typically implies a degree of excessiveness or burden that goes beyond simple heaviness, often in an abstract sense like tasks or responsibilities. Lastly, sometimes learners might incorrectly conjugate it or use it with the wrong particles, so paying attention to proper grammatical construction with '-다' ending for adjectives and appropriate particles like '-이/가' for the subject is important.
ヒント
Usage Tips for '과중하다'
'과중하다' (gwajunghada) is a descriptive verb that literally translates to 'to be heavy' or 'to be excessive/burdensome.' It's often used to describe tasks, responsibilities, or workloads that are overwhelming or difficult to manage due to their sheer volume or intensity. You'll typically find it in formal or written contexts rather than casual spoken Korean. Think of situations where something feels like a significant weight or burden.
Common Pitfalls & Nuances
While '과중하다' conveys a sense of burden, it's important to differentiate it from simply being 'difficult.' A task can be difficult without being '과중하다' if it doesn't involve an excessive amount of work. For instance, a complex puzzle might be difficult, but not '과중하다.' It specifically emphasizes the quantity or intensity that makes something overwhelming. Avoid using it for things that are merely challenging but manageable.
Contextual Application
'과중하다' is frequently paired with nouns like '업무' (eopmu - work/tasks), '책임' (chaegim - responsibility), '부담' (budam - burden), or '노동' (nodong - labor). For example, '과중한 업무' means 'excessive workload,' and '과중한 책임' means 'heavy responsibility.' You can also use it to describe a situation where the demands placed on someone are too great, like '그에게 과중한 요구를 하고 있다' (Geuege gwajunghan yogureul hago itda - 'You are making excessive demands on him').
語源
Sino-Korean word from 過重 (過 'to pass, exceed' + 重 'heavy'), first attested in the 1920s.
文化的な背景
The Korean word '과중하다' (gwajunghada) literally translates to 'to be excessively heavy' or 'to be burdensome.' In Korean culture, where diligence and hard work are highly valued, acknowledging something as '과중하다' often carries a nuanced understanding. It's not simply about physical weight, but more frequently about the mental, emotional, or professional burden of tasks, responsibilities, or expectations. For instance, a student might say their homework is '과중하다,' implying not just a large volume but also significant stress and difficulty. Similarly, an employee might describe their workload as '과중하다,' highlighting the pressure and demands rather than just the hours spent. This word can also be used in contexts like financial burdens, social pressures, or even the emotional weight of grief. It reflects a society that recognizes the impact of 'heaviness' in various aspects of life beyond the purely physical.
覚え方のコツ
Visualize a 'gwa-jung' (like 'Gwag-jung') with a heavy burden on their back, making it 'excessive' or 'burdensome'.
よくある質問
4 問'과중하다' (gwajunghada) is a Korean adjective that translates to 'to be heavy,' 'to be excessive,' or 'to be burdensome.' It describes a situation, task, or responsibility that is beyond a normal or manageable level, implying that it is difficult to bear or handle. It can refer to physical weight, but more often it's used metaphorically for non-physical burdens like workload, pressure, or responsibilities. The nuance often includes a sense of being overwhelmed or feeling the weight of something.
'과중하다' is commonly used to describe work, duties, responsibilities, or even stress. For example, '업무가 과중하다' (eopmu-ga gwajunghada) means 'the workload is heavy/excessive.' You might also hear '책임이 과중하다' (chaegim-i gwajunghada), meaning 'the responsibility is burdensome.' It can also be used to describe the burden placed on someone, such as '어깨가 과중하다' (eokkae-ga gwajunghada) which literally means 'shoulders are heavy,' implying a great burden of responsibility.
Certainly! Here are a few examples: 1. 그의 업무량은 너무 과중해서 주말에도 쉬지 못했다. (Geu-ui eopmuryang-eun neomu gwajunghae-seo jumaredo swiji motaetda.) - His workload was so excessive that he couldn't rest even on weekends. 2. 과중한 학업 스트레스 때문에 그는 잠을 잘 수 없었다. (Gwajunghan hagop seuteureseu ttaemune geuneun jam-eul jal su eopseotda.) - Due to excessive academic stress, he couldn't sleep well. 3. 그에게 과중한 책임을 지우는 것은 옳지 않다. (Geuege gwajunghan chaegim-eul jiu-neun geoseun olji anta.) - It is not right to impose such heavy responsibilities on him. 4. 요즘은 모든 것이 과중하게 느껴진다. (Yojeum-eun modeun geosi gwajunghage neukkyeojinda.) - Lately, everything feels burdensome.
Yes, there are several similar expressions. Some common ones include '부담스럽다' (budamseureopda), meaning 'to be burdensome' or 'to be a burden,' which has a slightly softer nuance often focusing on the feeling of being burdened. Another is '벅차다' (beokchada), which means 'to be overwhelming' or 'to be too much to handle,' often implying that one's capacity is insufficient. While '과중하다' specifically refers to something being heavy or excessive, '부담스럽다' and '벅차다' express the feeling or effect of that heavy burden.
自分をテスト
그는 __ 업무에 시달리고 있다.
요즘 학업이 너무 __ 힘들어요.
이번 프로젝트는 책임감이 __ 요구된다.
スコア： /3
Usage Tips for '과중하다'
'과중하다' (gwajunghada) is a descriptive verb that literally translates to 'to be heavy' or 'to be excessive/burdensome.' It's often used to describe tasks, responsibilities, or workloads that are overwhelming or difficult to manage due to their sheer volume or intensity. You'll typically find it in formal or written contexts rather than casual spoken Korean. Think of situations where something feels like a significant weight or burden.
Common Pitfalls & Nuances
While '과중하다' conveys a sense of burden, it's important to differentiate it from simply being 'difficult.' A task can be difficult without being '과중하다' if it doesn't involve an excessive amount of work. For instance, a complex puzzle might be difficult, but not '과중하다.' It specifically emphasizes the quantity or intensity that makes something overwhelming. Avoid using it for things that are merely challenging but manageable.
Contextual Application
'과중하다' is frequently paired with nouns like '업무' (eopmu - work/tasks), '책임' (chaegim - responsibility), '부담' (budam - burden), or '노동' (nodong - labor). For example, '과중한 업무' means 'excessive workload,' and '과중한 책임' means 'heavy responsibility.' You can also use it to describe a situation where the demands placed on someone are too great, like '그에게 과중한 요구를 하고 있다' (Geuege gwajunghan yogureul hago itda - 'You are making excessive demands on him').
例文
5 / 5그에게는 업무가 너무 과중해요.
The work is too heavy for him.
이번 학기에는 과제가 너무 과중해서 힘들어요.
The assignments are too excessive this semester, so it's hard.
세금이 과중하여 서민들의 삶이 더욱 어려워지고 있습니다.
Taxes are too burdensome, making the lives of ordinary people even more difficult.
그의 책임이 과중하여 어깨가 무거워 보였어요.
His responsibilities were too heavy, and his shoulders looked burdened.
경기가 좋지 않아 과중한 채무에 시달리는 가정이 늘고 있어요.
Due to the poor economy, more families are suffering from excessive debt.
関連コンテンツ
workの関連語
주 5일제
A2A system where one works five days a week, typically Monday to Friday.
결근
A2Absence from work; not being present at work.
결근하다
A2To be absent from work.
추상적이다
A2To be abstract.
출입증
A2ID card, access card.
회계
B1The systematic recording and reporting of financial transactions.
경리
A2Accounting or bookkeeping, managing financial records.
업적
B1A notable achievement or accomplishment.
적극적이다
A2To be active, to be proactive.
적극적으로
B1In an active, proactive, or enthusiastic manner.
