과중하다 30秒で
- Excessive, heavy, or burdensome.
- Used for workloads, responsibilities, and stress.
- Implies difficulty in managing or handling.
- Common in work and study contexts.
The Korean adjective '과중하다' (gwajunghada) translates to 'heavy,' 'excessive,' or 'burdensome' in English. It's used to describe situations, workloads, responsibilities, or even physical objects that are too much to handle or bear. It implies a sense of being overloaded or overwhelmed. You'll often hear this word when people are discussing work, studies, or any situation where demands exceed capacity.
- Key Concept
- '과중하다' signifies something that is more than what is manageable or reasonable, creating a feeling of pressure or strain.
- Usage Contexts
- Commonly used for work assignments, study loads, financial burdens, emotional stress, or physical weight that feels overwhelming.
오늘 업무량이 과중하다.
For instance, if a student has too many assignments due at the same time, they might say their study load is '과중하다.' Similarly, an employee facing an unreasonable number of tasks might describe their responsibilities as '과중하다.' This word is particularly useful for conveying a sense of being under pressure due to an overwhelming volume of something.
그의 어깨에 과중한 책임이 놓여 있었다.
- Nuance
- While it can refer to physical weight, it's more frequently used metaphorically for abstract burdens like work or stress.
When something feels like it's weighing you down significantly, and it's more than you can comfortably manage, '과중하다' is the appropriate adjective. It’s a common term in professional and academic settings where workloads are often a topic of discussion.
이 프로젝트는 우리에게 과중한 부담이 될 수 있습니다.
Using '과중하다' effectively involves understanding its grammatical role as an adjective and how it modifies nouns or describes the state of a subject. It's often used with subjects like '업무량' (workload), '책임' (responsibility), '부담' (burden), '스트레스' (stress), or '일' (work).
- Basic Structure
- Subject + 이/가 + 과중하다.
This structure indicates that the subject itself is excessive or burdensome. For example:
이번 학기 공부량이 과중하다.
- Modifying Nouns
- You can also use the adjectival form '과중한' (gwajunghan) to directly modify a noun, meaning 'excessive' or 'heavy.' The structure is: 과중한 + Noun.
Here are some examples:
그는 과중한 업무에 시달리고 있다.
In sentences describing a situation or condition, '과중하다' can be used with verbs like '느끼다' (to feel) or '생각하다' (to think):
많은 사람들이 현재의 경제 상황이 과중하다고 느낍니다.
- Expressing Relief
- It can also be used in sentences that express a desire for change or solutions:
이 과중한 짐을 덜어줄 방법을 찾아야 합니다.
When describing a physical weight that is too heavy, you can also use '과중하다,' though it's less common than for abstract burdens:
이 상자는 너무 과중하다.
You'll encounter '과중하다' in various real-life situations, primarily where discussions revolve around managing demands and resources. It's a common term in professional environments, academic settings, and even in everyday conversations about stress and responsibilities.
- Workplace Discussions
- In offices, during team meetings or one-on-one discussions with supervisors, employees might use '과중하다' to describe their workload. For example, a manager might say, '김대리, 요즘 업무량이 과중한 것 같은데, 지원이 필요하면 말해줘.' (Assistant Manager Kim, it seems your workload is excessive these days, let me know if you need support.)
팀원들의 과중한 업무 부담을 줄여주기 위해 새로운 인력을 충원할 계획입니다.
- Academic Settings
- Students often use this word when talking about their studies, especially during exam periods or when juggling multiple assignments. A student might complain, '이번 학기 시험과 과제가 과중해서 잠을 못 자겠어.' (This semester's exams and assignments are so excessive that I can't sleep.)
교수님, 학생들이 과중한 숙제량 때문에 힘들어합니다.
- News and Media
- News reports or articles discussing social issues, economic challenges, or labor disputes might use '과중하다' to describe overloaded workers or burdensome policies. For example, a headline could read: '과중한 세금 부담에 시민들 불만 고조' (Citizens' dissatisfaction rises over excessive tax burden).
정부는 과중한 업무로 인한 공무원들의 스트레스를 해소하기 위한 대책을 마련해야 한다.
- Personal Conversations
- In casual conversations, friends might discuss feeling overwhelmed by life's demands. Someone might say to a friend, '요즘 내가 맡고 있는 일이 너무 과중해서 지쳤어.' (The work I'm in charge of is so excessive these days that I'm exhausted.)
이 과중한 책임감을 더 이상 견딜 수 없어.
Essentially, anytime someone feels overloaded, burdened, or that something is simply 'too much,' '과중하다' is a very likely word to be used.
Learners of Korean might make a few common mistakes when using '과중하다.' These often stem from direct translation from English or confusion with similar-sounding words.
- Mistake 1: Overusing for Physical Weight
- While '과중하다' can technically refer to physical weight, it's much more commonly used for abstract burdens like work or stress. Using it for a heavy box might sound a bit unnatural compared to simpler words like '무겁다' (mugopda - to be heavy).
Incorrect: 이 짐이 과중하다.
Correct: 이 짐이 무겁다.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with '부담스럽다' (Budamseureopda)
- '부담스럽다' means 'to be burdensome' or 'to feel pressured.' While related, '과중하다' emphasizes the excessive quantity or volume of something, leading to the burden, whereas '부담스럽다' focuses more on the feeling of pressure or discomfort caused by a situation or request.
Incorrect: 제 업무량이 부담스럽다.
More accurate: 제 업무량이 과중하다.
- Mistake 3: Grammatical Errors
- Incorrectly using the verb ending or the adjectival form. For instance, using '과중하다' as a verb directly without proper conjugation or using the adjectival form '과중한' incorrectly before a noun.
Incorrect: 나는 과중하다.
Correct: 나는 과중한 업무에 시달린다.
Another common slip-up is using it in situations where a simpler adjective would suffice. '과중하다' implies a significant level of excessiveness, so using it for minor inconveniences might sound exaggerated.
Incorrect: 오늘 날씨가 과중하다.
Correct: 오늘 날씨가 덥다.
Understanding synonyms and alternatives for '과중하다' can help you express nuances more precisely. While '과중하다' generally means excessive or burdensome, other words capture slightly different shades of meaning.
- Similar Word: 부담스럽다 (budamseureopda)
- Meaning: To be burdensome, to feel pressured, to be a burden.
- Comparison: '부담스럽다' focuses more on the feeling of pressure or discomfort that arises from a situation, responsibility, or request. '과중하다' emphasizes the excessive quantity or volume that *causes* the burden.
- Example:
- - '과중하다': 이 프로젝트의 업무량이 과중하다. (The workload for this project is excessive.) - Focus on quantity.
- - '부담스럽다': 그에게 부탁하는 것이 부담스럽다. (It feels burdensome to ask him.) - Focus on the feeling of pressure.
- Similar Word: 많다 (manta)
- Meaning: To be many, to be much, to be a lot.
- Comparison: '많다' is a general term for quantity. '과중하다' specifically implies that the quantity is *excessive* and difficult to handle. You can have '많다' without it being '과중하다'.
- Example:
- - '많다': 오늘 할 일이 많다. (I have a lot of work to do today.) - General statement.
- - '과중하다': 오늘 할 일이 과중하다. (The work I have to do today is excessive.) - Implies it's too much to handle.
- Alternative: 지나치다 (jinachida)
- Meaning: To be excessive, to go too far, to pass.
- Comparison: '지나치다' is a broader term for excessiveness, often used for behavior, opinions, or quantities that exceed a reasonable limit. '과중하다' is more specific to workloads, responsibilities, or burdens.
- Example:
- - '과중하다': 그의 업무량은 과중하다. (His workload is excessive.)
- - '지나치다': 그의 칭찬은 지나치다. (His praise is excessive.) - Refers to behavior.
- - '지나치다': 그가 너무 지나치게 말했어. (He spoke too excessively.)
- Alternative: 무겁다 (mugopda)
- Meaning: To be heavy (physically).
- Comparison: This is the direct translation for physical heaviness. While '과중하다' can sometimes imply physical weight, '무겁다' is the standard and more natural choice for describing the weight of objects.
- Example:
- - '과중하다': 이 짐은 과중하다. (This luggage is excessive - could be interpreted metaphorically or as too heavy.)
- - '무겁다': 이 짐은 무겁다. (This luggage is heavy.) - Clearly physical weight.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The concept of '과중' (excessive weight/burden) is very relevant in East Asian cultures where the idea of carrying heavy responsibilities, both literal and figurative, is deeply ingrained. This is reflected in many idioms and proverbs.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'j' as in 'juice' instead of 'judge'.
- Not fully pronouncing the 'ng' sound at the end of the syllable '중'.
- Confusing the vowel sounds, especially 'a' and 'u'.
難易度
CEFR A2 level. The word itself is relatively straightforward in meaning, but understanding its nuances and collocations requires some exposure. Recognizing it in written Korean is achievable at this level, especially in contexts related to work or studies.
CEFR A2 level. Learners can start using it in simple sentences to describe their workload or stress. Mastering its correct usage in more complex sentences and appropriate contexts takes practice.
CEFR A2 level. Learners can incorporate it into spoken Korean when discussing their daily challenges related to work or studies. Pronunciation might require some attention.
CEFR A2 level. It's frequently heard in media and conversations about work/study, making it recognizable once the learner is familiar with its meaning and sound.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
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知っておくべき文法
Adjective + -아/어서 (cause/reason)
업무량이 과중해서 피곤해요. (I'm tired because the workload is excessive.)
Adjective + -게 (adverbial form)
그는 과중하게 일했다. (He worked excessively.)
Noun + -(으)로 인한 (caused by)
과중한 업무로 인한 스트레스 (Stress caused by excessive work.)
Noun + -(으)로 인하여 (formal version of -으로 인한)
과중한 부담으로 인하여 어려움을 겪고 있다. (Experiencing difficulties due to excessive burden.)
Adjective + -지만 (but/although)
과중한 업무지만, 최선을 다하겠습니다. (Although the workload is excessive, I will do my best.)
レベル別の例文
오늘 할 일이 너무 과중해요.
The work I have to do today is too much.
'과중해요' is the polite informal form of '과중하다'.
이 가방이 과중해서 들기 힘들어요.
This bag is too heavy/excessive, so it's hard to carry.
While '무겁다' is more common for physical weight, '과중하다' can be used to emphasize extreme heaviness that feels like an excessive burden.
학생들에게 과중한 숙제가 나갔어요.
Excessive homework was given to the students.
'과중한' is the adjectival form modifying '숙제' (homework).
업무량이 과중해서 피곤해요.
Because the workload is excessive, I am tired.
The '-서' ending connects the cause ('과중해서') to the result ('피곤해요').
이런 과중한 책임은 맡고 싶지 않아요.
I don't want to take on such an excessive responsibility.
'이런' means 'this kind of' or 'such'.
회의 내용이 너무 과중했어요.
The content of the meeting was too much/overwhelming.
Past tense of '과중하다'.
연습량이 과중해서 손이 아파요.
My hands hurt because the amount of practice is excessive.
This sentence implies overexertion leading to pain.
회사의 재정 상태가 과중해요.
The company's financial situation is burdensome/difficult.
Can refer to financial burdens that are too much to handle.
프로젝트 마감일이 다가오면서 업무량이 과중해지고 있습니다.
As the project deadline approaches, the workload is becoming excessive.
'~해지고 있다' indicates a process of becoming.
그는 과중한 스트레스 때문에 건강이 나빠졌습니다.
His health deteriorated due to excessive stress.
'때문에' means 'because of'.
이런 과중한 업무 분담은 공정하지 않다고 생각합니다.
I think this excessive work distribution is unfair.
'업무 분담' means 'work distribution'.
정부의 과중한 세금 정책에 대한 반발이 거셉니다.
There is strong backlash against the government's excessive tax policy.
'반발' means 'backlash' or 'protest'.
도시 생활의 과중한 압박감은 많은 사람들을 지치게 한다.
The excessive pressure of city life exhausts many people.
'압박감' means 'pressure'.
그는 과중한 학업 부담을 견디지 못하고 휴학을 결정했다.
He could not endure the excessive academic burden and decided to take a leave of absence.
'학업 부담' means 'academic burden', '휴학' means 'leave of absence'.
새로운 사업 계획은 우리에게 과중한 재정적 위험을 안겨줄 수 있습니다.
The new business plan could bring us excessive financial risk.
'재정적 위험' means 'financial risk'.
이 과중한 짐을 혼자 나르는 것은 불가능하다.
It is impossible to carry this excessive load alone.
'혼자' means 'alone'.
회사는 직원들의 과중한 업무 부담을 해소하기 위해 추가 인력 채용을 검토 중입니다.
The company is considering hiring additional staff to alleviate the excessive work burden on employees.
'추가 인력 채용' means 'hiring additional staff'.
끊임없이 밀려드는 업무 요청으로 인해 그의 정신적 피로도는 과중한 상태였습니다.
Due to the ceaseless influx of work requests, his mental fatigue was in an excessive state.
'정신적 피로도' means 'mental fatigue level'.
이 과중한 책임감은 그의 어깨를 짓눌렀지만, 그는 굴하지 않았다.
This excessive sense of responsibility weighed down his shoulders, but he did not yield.
'짓눌렀다' means 'weighed down' or 'crushed'.
현대 사회는 정보의 과중한 흐름 속에서 방향을 잃기 쉽습니다.
Modern society easily loses its way amidst the excessive flow of information.
'정보의 흐름' means 'flow of information'.
그는 과중한 업무와 개인적인 문제들로 인해 심각한 우울증을 겪고 있었습니다.
He was suffering from severe depression due to excessive work and personal problems.
'우울증' means 'depression'.
이러한 과중한 규제는 시장의 성장을 저해할 수 있습니다.
These excessive regulations can hinder market growth.
'규제' means 'regulation', '저해하다' means 'to hinder'.
그녀는 과중한 학습량에도 불구하고 항상 긍정적인 태도를 유지했다.
Despite the excessive amount of studying, she always maintained a positive attitude.
'~에도 불구하고' means 'despite'.
국제 사회는 기후 변화에 대한 과중한 부담을 느끼고 있습니다.
The international community feels an excessive burden regarding climate change.
'기후 변화' means 'climate change'.
정치적 불안정 속에서 국민들은 과중한 경제적 부담을 감당해야 했다.
Amidst political instability, the citizens had to bear an excessive economic burden.
'정치적 불안정' means 'political instability', '감당하다' means 'to bear' or 'to cope with'.
그의 연설은 과중한 수사적 기교로 인해 본질을 흐리게 만들었다.
His speech obscured the essence due to excessive rhetorical flourish.
'수사적 기교' means 'rhetorical flourish/skill'.
과중한 업무량으로 인한 번아웃은 현대 직장인들이 흔히 겪는 문제입니다.
Burnout caused by excessive workload is a problem commonly experienced by modern office workers.
'번아웃' is a loanword for burnout.
문화적 차이로 인한 과중한 오해는 외교 관계에 악영향을 미칠 수 있다.
Excessive misunderstandings arising from cultural differences can negatively affect diplomatic relations.
'외교 관계' means 'diplomatic relations'.
그는 과중한 음주와 흡연 습관으로 건강을 심각하게 해쳤다.
He seriously harmed his health due to excessive drinking and smoking habits.
'음주' means 'drinking alcohol', '흡연' means 'smoking'.
이 과중한 기술 발전의 속도는 사회 적응을 어렵게 만든다.
The speed of this excessive technological advancement makes social adaptation difficult.
'기술 발전' means 'technological advancement'.
환경 오염으로 인한 과중한 생태계 파괴는 돌이킬 수 없는 결과를 초래할 수 있습니다.
Excessive ecological destruction due to environmental pollution can lead to irreversible consequences.
'생태계 파괴' means 'ecological destruction'.
그녀는 과중한 감정 노동으로 인해 정신적 소진을 경험하고 있다고 토로했다.
She confessed that she was experiencing emotional exhaustion due to excessive emotional labor.
'감정 노동' means 'emotional labor', '정신적 소진' means 'emotional exhaustion'.
현대 자본주의는 끊임없이 생산과 소비를 강요하며, 이는 개인에게 과중한 존재론적 부담을 지운다.
Modern capitalism incessantly forces production and consumption, which imposes an excessive ontological burden on individuals.
'존재론적 부담' means 'ontological burden'.
인류가 직면한 과중한 기후 변화의 위협은 문명의 지속 가능성에 대한 근본적인 질문을 제기한다.
The excessive threat of climate change faced by humanity raises fundamental questions about the sustainability of civilization.
'문명의 지속 가능성' means 'sustainability of civilization'.
정치적 수사에서 과중한 수식어의 남용은 진실의 왜곡을 초래할 수 있다.
The overuse of excessive modifiers in political rhetoric can lead to a distortion of truth.
'정치적 수사' means 'political rhetoric'.
그의 예술 작품은 과중한 상징주의로 인해 대중에게 쉽게 해석되지 않았다.
His artwork was not easily interpreted by the public due to excessive symbolism.
'상징주의' means 'symbolism'.
과중한 정보의 홍수 속에서 비판적 사고 능력을 유지하는 것은 현대 교육의 중요한 과제이다.
Maintaining critical thinking skills amidst an excessive flood of information is a crucial task for modern education.
'정보의 홍수' means 'flood of information'.
기업의 과중한 이윤 추구는 사회적 책임의 망각으로 이어질 수 있다.
Excessive pursuit of profit by corporations can lead to the neglect of social responsibility.
'이윤 추구' means 'pursuit of profit'.
그는 과중한 자기 비판으로 인해 심각한 심리적 위축을 겪었다.
He experienced severe psychological inhibition due to excessive self-criticism.
'자기 비판' means 'self-criticism', '심리적 위축' means 'psychological inhibition'.
인간의 과중한 욕망은 종종 자연과의 조화를 깨뜨리는 결과를 낳는다.
Human excessive desires often result in breaking harmony with nature.
'욕망' means 'desire', '조화' means 'harmony'.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— The workload is excessive.
요즘 업무량이 과중해서 야근이 잦아요.
— The responsibility is excessive or too heavy.
그는 한 회사에서 책임이 과중해서 결국 그만두었습니다.
— The burden is excessive.
경제적 부담이 과중해서 생활이 어렵습니다.
— The stress is excessive.
스트레스가 과중해서 건강이 나빠졌어요.
— To suffer from excessive work.
많은 직장인들이 과중한 업무에 시달리고 있습니다.
— To carry an excessive burden (often metaphorical).
그는 가족 전체의 과중한 짐을 지고 살아왔다.
— To reduce an excessive workload.
회사는 과중한 업무량을 줄이기 위해 노력하고 있습니다.
— To feel an excessive burden.
학생들은 시험 기간에 과중한 부담을 느낍니다.
— To handle excessive work.
그는 과중한 업무를 처리하는 데 능숙하다.
— To feel an excessive sense of responsibility.
리더로서 과중한 책임감을 느껴 밤낮없이 일했다.
よく混同される語
'부담스럽다' focuses more on the feeling of pressure or discomfort, while '과중하다' emphasizes the excessive quantity or volume that causes the burden.
'많다' simply means 'many' or 'much.' '과중하다' implies that the quantity is excessive and problematic, going beyond what is manageable.
'지나치다' means 'to be excessive' or 'to go too far' in a general sense. '과중하다' is more specific to burdens, workloads, and responsibilities.
慣用句と表現
— To bear a heavy burden or responsibility (literal or figurative). This is a very common idiom where '과중하다' can be implied.
가장으로서 어깨에 짐을 지고 가족을 부양해야 했다. (As the head of the household, he had to bear the weight of supporting his family.)
Neutral— Suffocatingly (often used to describe overwhelming situations or pressure). While not directly using '과중하다', it conveys a similar feeling of being overwhelmed by excess.
숨 막히는 경쟁 속에서 살아남아야 했다. (I had to survive in a suffocatingly competitive environment.)
Neutral/Slightly Formal— Like a mountain of something (used to describe a huge amount). This directly relates to the idea of excessiveness.
처리해야 할 서류가 산더미 같았다. (The documents I had to process were like a mountain.)
Informal/Neutral— One's back is bent (used to describe someone struggling under a heavy burden, often financial or work-related).
허리가 휘도록 일했지만, 빚은 줄지 않았다. (I worked until my back was bent, but the debt didn't decrease.)
Neutral— Difficult to handle or bear. This is a direct consequence of something being '과중하다'.
이 정도의 업무량은 감당하기 어렵다. (This amount of workload is difficult to handle.)
Neutral— To reach one's limit. This is what happens when something is '과중하다'.
그는 이미 한계에 다달았다. (He has already reached his limit.)
Neutral/Formal— To suffer from guilt. Sometimes, excessive responsibility can lead to guilt.
자신의 실수에 대한 죄책감에 시달렸다. (He suffered from guilt over his mistake.)
Neutral— To be crushed by pressure. This is a strong descriptor of the feeling caused by '과중한' situations.
압박감에 짓눌려 더 이상 버틸 수 없었다. (I couldn't endure any longer, crushed by the pressure.)
Formal— Difficult to endure or withstand. Similar to '감당하기 어렵다' and often a result of '과중한' stress.
이 정도의 압박감은 버티기 힘들다. (This level of pressure is difficult to withstand.)
Neutral— To collapse from exhaustion. A direct result of prolonged '과중한' work or stress.
지쳐 쓰러지기 전에 휴식을 취해야 한다. (You need to rest before you collapse from exhaustion.)
Neutral間違えやすい
Both words relate to the concept of burden or difficulty.
'과중하다' describes the objective state of something being excessively large in quantity (e.g., workload). '부담스럽다' describes the subjective feeling of pressure or difficulty that arises from that situation or from other causes (e.g., a request feeling burdensome). You can have an excessive workload ('과중하다') that makes you feel pressured ('부담스럽다').
업무량이 <strong>과중해서</strong> (excessive workload) 부탁하는 것이 <strong>부담스럽다</strong> (feels burdensome).
Both indicate a large quantity.
'많다' simply means 'a lot.' It's a neutral descriptor of quantity. '과중하다' implies that the quantity is not just a lot, but *too much*, exceeding a reasonable or manageable limit, and therefore causing problems or stress.
오늘 할 일이 <strong>많다</strong>. (Neutral statement of quantity). 오늘 할 일이 <strong>과중하다</strong>. (The workload is excessive and problematic).
Both can relate to heaviness.
'무겁다' is primarily used for physical weight. '과중하다' can be used for extreme physical weight but is far more commonly used metaphorically for abstract burdens like work, stress, or responsibility. If you are describing a heavy box, '무겁다' is the standard. If you are describing a workload that feels like a heavy burden, '과중하다' is more appropriate.
이 상자는 <strong>무겁다</strong>. (This box is physically heavy.) 이 업무는 <strong>과중하다</strong>. (This work is excessively burdensome.)
Both mean 'excessive'.
'과중하다' is specifically used for workloads, responsibilities, or abstract burdens that are too much to handle. '지나치다' is a more general term for anything that exceeds a limit or norm, including behavior, opinions, or even physical quantities, but it doesn't inherently carry the 'burden' aspect as strongly as '과중하다'.
그의 <strong>과중한</strong> 업무량은 건강을 해쳤다. (His excessive workload harmed his health.) 그의 칭찬은 <strong>지나치다</strong>. (His praise is excessive/over the top.)
Both imply difficulty in handling something.
'과중하다' describes the state of having an excessive amount of something. '버겁다' describes the feeling of being overwhelmed or finding it difficult to handle that excessive amount. Often, something that is '과중하다' will make you feel '버겁다'.
업무량이 <strong>과중해서</strong> (the workload is excessive), 일이 <strong>버겁게</strong> 느껴진다 (the work feels overwhelming).
文型パターン
Noun + 이/가 + 과중하다.
오늘 할 일이 <strong>과중해요</strong>.
과중한 + Noun
<strong>과중한</strong> 업무 때문에 힘들어요.
Noun + 이/가 + 과중해지다.
점점 <strong>과중해지고</strong> 있어요.
Noun + 때문에/으로 + 과중하다.
<strong>과중한 스트레스 때문에</strong> 잠을 못 자요.
Noun + 에 대한 + 과중한 + Noun
<strong>과중한 세금에 대한</strong> 불만이 많습니다.
~에도 불구하고 + 과중한 + Noun
<strong>과중한 책임에도 불구하고</strong>, 그는 잘 해냈다.
과중한 + Noun + -(으)로 인한 + Noun
<strong>과중한 업무량으로 인한</strong> 번아웃은 심각한 문제입니다.
Noun + 의 + 과중한 + Noun + -(으)ㄹ + 지경이다
그의 <strong>책임의 과중한 무게</strong>는 그를 <strong>무너뜨릴 지경이었다</strong>.
語族
名詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Common, especially in discussions related to work, studies, and societal pressures.
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Using '과중하다' for general physical heaviness.
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Using '무겁다' for physical weight.
'과중하다' is primarily for abstract burdens like workload or stress. While it can imply extreme physical weight, '무겁다' is the standard word for physical heaviness. Example: 이 가방이 <strong>무겁다</strong> (This bag is heavy) is more natural than '이 가방이 <strong>과중하다</strong>'.
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Confusing '과중하다' with '부담스럽다' in terms of focus.
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Using '과중하다' for the excessive quantity and '부담스럽다' for the feeling of pressure.
'과중하다' describes the objective excessiveness of a workload or quantity. '부담스럽다' describes the subjective feeling of pressure or difficulty. Example: '업무량이 <strong>과중해서</strong> (because the workload is excessive) 부탁하는 것이 <strong>부담스럽다</strong> (it feels burdensome to ask).'
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Using '과중하다' when '많다' (many/much) would suffice.
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Using '과중하다' only when the quantity is problematic and excessive.
'많다' is a neutral statement of quantity. '과중하다' implies that the quantity is too much to handle, leading to negative effects. Example: '할 일이 <strong>많아요</strong>' (I have a lot of work to do) is a simple statement. '할 일이 <strong>과중해요</strong>' implies the workload is overwhelming.
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Incorrect conjugation or use of the adjectival form.
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Using '과중하다' as an adjective and '과중한' before a noun.
Ensure correct conjugation for tenses and politeness levels. Use the adjectival form '과중한' directly before a noun. Example: '업무량이 <strong>과중하다</strong>' (The workload is excessive) vs. '<strong>과중한</strong> 업무량' (Excessive workload).
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Overusing '과중하다' for minor inconveniences.
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Using '과중하다' for genuinely excessive and burdensome situations.
'과중하다' implies a significant level of excessiveness. Using it for minor issues might sound exaggerated. Example: '오늘 날씨가 <strong>과중하다</strong>' would be strange. Use '덥다' (hot) or '춥다' (cold) instead.
ヒント
Master the 'gw' sound
The initial 'gw' sound in '과중하다' is crucial. Practice it by saying words like '과자' (gwaja - snack) and '과일' (gwail - fruit) to get comfortable with the sound before tackling the full word.
Visualize the Overload
Imagine a scale tipping dramatically under the weight of tasks or stress. This visual helps reinforce the meaning of 'excessively heavy' or 'burdensome'.
Adjectival Form '과중한'
Remember to use '과중한' before a noun to describe it as excessive, such as '과중한 업무' (excessive work) or '과중한 책임' (excessive responsibility).
'과중하다' vs. '부담스럽다'
Use '과중하다' to describe the *quantity* being excessive, and '부담스럽다' to describe the *feeling* of pressure or difficulty that results from it.
Describe Your Own Challenges
Try to use '과중하다' to describe your own work or study challenges. This active recall will solidify your understanding and ability to use the word.
Learn Related Nouns
Familiarize yourself with nouns commonly paired with '과중하다,' such as '업무량,' '책임,' '부담,' and '스트레스,' to build stronger associations.
Listen in Media
Pay attention to news reports, dramas, or documentaries where discussions about work, stress, or societal pressures occur. You'll likely hear '과중하다' used frequently.
Beyond Simple 'Heavy'
Understand that '과중하다' implies more than just physical heaviness; it carries a connotation of being unmanageable, overwhelming, and often leading to negative consequences.
Think of Opposites
Consider words like '적다' (little/few), '가볍다' (light), or '적절하다' (appropriate) as opposites to better grasp the meaning of '과중하다' by understanding what it is *not*.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a person trying to carry a giant, overweight suitcase (the '과중한' burden) up a steep hill. The effort is immense, and they are visibly struggling. The '과' sound can remind you of the 'weight' (重) they are trying to 'pass' (過) over.
視覚的連想
Picture a scale heavily tipping to one side with an enormous pile of work documents or responsibilities, making the other side fly up in the air. The scale is clearly overloaded and '과중하다'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe a situation in your own life where you felt overwhelmed by too much work or too many tasks. Use '과중하다' to describe that situation. For example, 'My schedule this week is 과중하다.'
語源
The word '과중하다' is derived from the Hanja (Chinese characters used in Korean) '過重'. '過' (과) means 'to exceed' or 'to pass', and '重' (중) means 'heavy'. Therefore, '過重' literally means 'exceedingly heavy' or 'excessively heavy'.
元の意味： Exceedingly heavy or burdensome.
Sino-Korean (derived from Hanja)文化的な背景
Using '과중하다' is generally not sensitive; it's a factual description of a situation. However, it's important to be mindful of the context and avoid using it to complain excessively without offering solutions or acknowledging the necessity of the tasks.
In English-speaking cultures, similar concepts exist with terms like 'overwhelmed,' 'swamped,' 'slammed,' or 'burdened.' However, the specific nuance of '과중하다' often implies a quantifiable excessiveness in quantity that leads to the feeling of being overwhelmed.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Workplace discussions about workload and deadlines.
- 업무량이 과중해요.
- 이 프로젝트는 너무 과중한 책임이 따릅니다.
- 과중한 업무 때문에 스트레스가 심해요.
Students talking about their studies and exams.
- 학업량이 과중해서 힘들어요.
- 과중한 숙제 때문에 잠을 못 자요.
- 시험 준비가 과중하게 느껴져요.
Discussions about personal finances and economic burdens.
- 경제적 부담이 과중해요.
- 과중한 세금 때문에 살기 힘들다.
- 이런 과중한 빚을 어떻게 갚아야 할지 모르겠어요.
Expressing feelings of being overwhelmed or stressed.
- 모든 일이 과중하게 느껴져요.
- 과중한 압박감 때문에 지쳤어요.
- 이 짐은 너무 과중해서 들 수가 없어요 (metaphorical).
News reports or formal announcements about societal issues.
- 과중한 노동 환경 개선이 시급합니다.
- 과중한 업무 부담으로 인한 사회적 문제가 대두되고 있습니다.
会話のきっかけ
"How do you feel about your current workload? Is it '과중하다'?"
"Have you ever experienced '과중한' stress? What helped you cope?"
"When you hear '과중하다', what kind of situation first comes to your mind?"
"What do you think are the main causes of '과중한' workloads in today's society?"
"If you had a '과중한' responsibility, how would you try to manage it?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time when you felt overwhelmed by '과중한' tasks. What were the tasks, and how did you feel?
Reflect on the difference between having '많다' (many) things to do and having '과중하다' (excessive) things to do. Write about your personal experience.
Imagine you are a manager. How would you prevent your team from experiencing '과중한' workloads?
What strategies do you use to cope with '과중한' stress or responsibilities in your daily life?
Write a short story or a scenario where the word '과중하다' plays a central role.
よくある質問
10 問The most common contexts are discussions about work ('업무량') and studies ('학업량' or '숙제량'). People use it to express that they have too much to do, making it difficult to manage or leading to stress.
Yes, but it's less common than for abstract burdens. If a physical object is excessively heavy to the point of being a significant burden, you might say it's '과중하다.' However, for general physical heaviness, '무겁다' is more frequently used. For example, '이 짐은 과중하다' (This luggage is excessive/too heavy) is understandable, but '이 짐은 무겁다' (This luggage is heavy) is more standard for physical weight.
'과중하다' focuses on the objective excessiveness of a quantity (like workload), while '부담스럽다' focuses on the subjective feeling of pressure or difficulty that arises from a situation, request, or burden. You might feel '부담스럽다' because your workload is '과중하다.'
'과중하다' is generally considered neutral to slightly formal. It's commonly used in professional, academic, and news contexts. While it can be used in casual conversation, more informal words like '너무 많다' (too much) or '힘들다' (difficult) might be preferred among close friends unless one wants to emphasize the severity of the burden.
Common examples include: '과중한 업무' (excessive work), '과중한 책임' (excessive responsibility), '과중한 스트레스' (excessive stress), '과중한 학업량' (excessive study load), '과중한 부담' (excessive burden), and '과중한 세금' (excessive taxes).
The adjectival form '과중한' (gwajunghan) is used directly before a noun to modify it. For example, '과중한 업무' (excessive work), '과중한 책임' (excessive responsibility), '과중한 스트레스' (excessive stress).
When something is '과중하다,' it typically leads to negative consequences such as stress, fatigue, decreased efficiency, health problems, or a feeling of being overwhelmed and unable to cope.
Yes, antonyms depend on the context. For quantity, '적다' (little/few) or '충분하다' (enough) are opposites. For physical weight, '가볍다' (light) is the opposite. For appropriateness, '적절하다' (appropriate) or '알맞다' (suitable) can be considered as the absence of excessiveness.
Not directly. You wouldn't say '100kg이 과중하다.' Instead, you would say '100kg은 너무 무겁다' (100kg is too heavy) or '이 짐은 100kg이라 과중하다' (This luggage is 100kg, so it's excessive/burdensome). The number itself isn't '과중하다,' but it can be the reason why something is considered '과중하다.'
The Hanja is 過重. 過 (과) means 'excess' or 'to exceed,' and 重 (중) means 'heavy.' So, it literally means 'excessively heavy.'
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Summary
'과중하다' describes something that is excessively burdensome, usually referring to workloads, responsibilities, or stress that are difficult to manage.
- Excessive, heavy, or burdensome.
- Used for workloads, responsibilities, and stress.
- Implies difficulty in managing or handling.
- Common in work and study contexts.
Master the 'gw' sound
The initial 'gw' sound in '과중하다' is crucial. Practice it by saying words like '과자' (gwaja - snack) and '과일' (gwail - fruit) to get comfortable with the sound before tackling the full word.
Context is Key
Always consider the context. Is it a workload, a responsibility, or stress? While '과중하다' covers all these, understanding the specific noun it modifies helps clarify the meaning for your listener.
Visualize the Overload
Imagine a scale tipping dramatically under the weight of tasks or stress. This visual helps reinforce the meaning of 'excessively heavy' or 'burdensome'.
Adjectival Form '과중한'
Remember to use '과중한' before a noun to describe it as excessive, such as '과중한 업무' (excessive work) or '과중한 책임' (excessive responsibility).
例文
업무가 과중하여 휴식이 필요합니다.
関連コンテンツ
workの関連語
주 5일제
A2「주 5일제（ジュ オイル ジェ）」は、韓国の標準的な労働システムで、通常月曜日から金曜日までの週5日勤務し、土曜日と日曜日が休日となります。
결근
A2欠勤。仕事に現れないこと。単語「결근」は欠勤を意味します。従業員が職場に来ない場合に使用されます。
결근하다
A2欠勤する。例えば、「風邪で今日は欠勤します。」
추상적이다
A2抽象的である。具体的ではなく、概念的であることを指します。
출입증
A2身分証明書、アクセスカード。特定の場所への入場を許可するIDカードまたはアクセスカードです。建物やエリアへの出入りに際して提示が必要な、IDカードのような特別なカードです。
회계
B1会計とは、経済主体が行う経済活動を一定の規則に従って記録・集計することです。
경리
A2収益や費用など、企業の財務情報の管理と記録。会計または簿記の業務を指します。
업적
B1功績や業績。歴史的な偉業や、仕事・学問における優れた成果を指す言葉です。個人の小さな成功よりは、公的な価値のあるものに使われます。
적극적이다
A2積極的であること。自ら進んで物事を行い、熱心に参加することを意味します。
적극적으로
B1積極的、または意欲的な方法で。例：「彼は会議に積極的に参加しています。」
