B1 · 中級 チャプター 33

What They Said: Reported Speech

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このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of relaying conversations and sharing information accurately in Burmese.

  • Identify direct and indirect speech structures.
  • Transform questions and requests into reported forms.
  • Apply the particle (တဲ့) to share hearsay or news.
Master the art of relaying stories perfectly.

学べること

Understand how to report what someone else has said, both directly and indirectly. This chapter is crucial for conveying conversations and information from others.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Accurately report a statement made by a third party.

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

The 'Thought' Trick

If you want to explain *why* you did something based on a quick thought, use ဆိုပြီး. It makes you sound much more like a native speaker than using 'because'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Direct Speech Marker (ဆိုပြီး)
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Keep it simple

Don't worry about changing the tense. Just use the original sentence.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Speech (ပြောသည် / ဆိုသည်)
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Keep the Particle

Always keep 'la' or 'le' in the reported sentence. If you drop them, it's no longer a question report.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reporting Questions (မေးသည်)
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The 'Ko' Rule

Always remember to put 'ko' after the person who is being told what to do. It's the most common mistake for learners.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reporting Commands/Requests (ခိုင်းသည် / တောင်းဆိုသည်)

重要な語彙 (6)

ဆိုသည် to say မေးသည် to ask ခိုင်းသည် to order/command တောင်းဆိုသည် to request တဲ့ heard that/reportedly သတင်း news

Real-World Preview

briefcase

At the Office

Review Summary

  • [Speaker] + 'Quote' + လို့ ပြောတယ်
  • [Statement] + တဲ့

よくある間違い

In indirect speech, 'I' (ငါ) must change to 'he/she' (သူ).

Wrong: သူက ငါမနက်ဖြန်လာမယ်လို့ ပြောတယ်
正解: သူက သူမနက်ဖြန်လာမယ်လို့ ပြောတယ်

Reported verbs should often reflect the past tense of the original interaction.

Wrong: သူက ဘာလုပ်နေလဲလို့ မေးတယ်
正解: သူက ဘာလုပ်နေလဲလို့ မေးခဲ့တယ်

The particle (တဲ့) usually follows the future or state-of-being marker appropriately.

Wrong: သူမနက်ဖြန်လာတယ်တဲ့
正解: သူမနက်ဖြန်လာမယ်တဲ့

Next Steps

You've successfully mastered the art of reporting. Keep practicing and your Burmese will sound incredibly natural!

Listen to a news report and summarize it using (တဲ့).

Continue to: Exploring Possibilities: Advanced Conditional Clauses

クイック練習 (10)

Which sentence correctly describes: Thinking it was late, I ran.

Choose the correct Burmese translation:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: နောက်ကျတယ် ဆိုပြီး ပြေးတယ်။
The thought 'It is late' (နောက်ကျတယ်) is followed by 'so-pyee' and the action 'ran'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Direct Speech Marker (ဆိုပြီး)

Fill in the correct pronoun.

သူက 'ကျွန်တော်သွားမယ်' လို့ ပြောတယ်။ ➔ သူက ___ သွားမယ်လို့ ပြောတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူ
Must shift 'I' to 'he'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Changes in Pronouns and Time Expressions in Reported Speech

Fill in the blank with the correct reporting verb (khine/taung-so).

အမေက ကျွန်တော့်ကို ဈေးဝယ် ___ တယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ခိုင်း
Mother telling a child to do something is usually a command/instruction, so 'khine' is most natural.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reporting Commands/Requests (ခိုင်းသည် / တောင်းဆိုသည်)

Fill in the missing quotative particle.

သူ ဘယ်သွားမလဲ ___ မေးတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: လို့
The particle 'lo' (လို့) is required to report speech or questions.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reporting Questions (မေးသည်)

Choose the correct reporting verb.

သူ ဘာလုပ်မလဲ ___ မေးတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: မေး
Use 'မေး' for questions.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Speech (ပြောသည် / ဆိုသည်)

Find the error in this sentence: သူက သွားမယ် ပြီး ထွက်သွားတယ်။

Find and fix the mistake:

သူက သွားမယ် ပြီး ထွက်သွားတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Change 'pyee' to 'so-pyee'
You cannot use 'pyee' alone after a quote; it must be 'so-pyee'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Direct Speech Marker (ဆိုပြီး)

Fill in the hearsay particle.

မနက်ဖြန် ကျောင်းပိတ်တယ်___။ (I heard school is closed tomorrow.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: တဲ့
'Te' is the standard particle for reporting hearsay at the end of a sentence.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Particle (တဲ့) for Reporting Information

Fill in the blank for a command.

သူ စာကျက် ___ ပြောတယ်။

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ဖို့
Use 'ဖို့' for commands.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Indirect Speech (ပြောသည် / ဆိုသည်)

Which sentence correctly reports 'Are you coming?'

Choose the correct reported question:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: လာမလားလို့ မေးတယ်။
It must include 'la' (question), 'lo' (quotative), and 'may' (ask).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Reporting Questions (မေးသည်)

Select the most formal version.

Report: 'He said he is busy.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: သူက သူအလုပ်များနေကြောင်း ပြောကြားပါသည်။
Formal reporting uses 'ပြောကြားပါသည်။'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Changes in Pronouns and Time Expressions in Reported Speech

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

Mostly yes, as long as the verb describes an action or a state that follows the speech/thought. Common verbs include မေးတယ် (ask), ပြောတယ် (say), and သွားတယ် (go).
It is neutral to informal. In very formal writing, you would use ဟူ၍ (hu-ywae) instead.
No, keep the original tense of the statement.
'လို့' is for casual speech, 'ဟု' is for formal writing.
In very casual speech, you can end with '...လို့' if the context of asking is already clear, but it's safer to include 'may de'.
Use 'la' (လား) for yes/no questions and 'le' (လဲ) for questions with words like 'what', 'where', or 'who'.
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Exploring Possibilities: Advanced Conditional Clauses
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