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B1 noun 8分で読める

forutsetning

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解説 forutsetning in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'forutsetning' is quite a difficult word. You don't need to use it yourself yet, but you might see it in very formal documents or hear it in the news. Think of it simply as a very fancy way to say 'something you need'. For example, if you want to buy a house, having money is a 'forutsetning'. At this stage, focus on simpler words like 'må' (must) or 'trenger' (need). If you see this word, just remember it means 'something that must happen first'. It is long and looks scary, but it is just 'forut' (before) + 'setning' (setting). You are 'setting' something 'before' you start.
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At the A2 level, you should start recognizing 'forutsetning' in job advertisements or school information. You might see a sentence like 'Gode norskkunnskaper er en forutsetning'. This means you *must* know Norwegian to do the job. You can start using the phrase 'under den forutsetning at' if you want to sound more advanced when making plans. For example: 'Jeg kommer på festen under den forutsetning at du også kommer.' (I'm coming to the party on the condition that you come too). It helps you express more complex ideas than just using 'hvis' (if).
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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand and use 'forutsetning' in professional and social contexts. You should understand that it doesn't just mean 'requirement', but also 'assumption' or 'aptitude'. For instance, in a discussion about a project, you might say, 'Vi jobber ut fra en forutsetning om at vi får støtte.' (We are working on the assumption that we will get support). You should also be able to use the plural 'forutsetninger' to describe someone's potential: 'Han har alle forutsetninger for å klare seg bra.' You are moving beyond simple 'if/then' logic into discussing the underlying factors of a situation.
At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'forutsetning' in academic and formal writing. You should distinguish it clearly from 'betingelse' and 'krav'. You might use it to critique an argument: 'Denne konklusjonen bygger på en feilaktig forutsetning.' (This conclusion builds on a false premise). You should also understand the nuances of the word in Norwegian society, such as 'elevforutsetninger' in education or 'økonomiske forutsetninger' in politics. Your use of the word should feel natural in debates where you are defining the 'rules' or 'starting points' of a topic.
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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of 'forutsetning', including its use in legal and philosophical contexts. You should be familiar with 'bristende forutsetninger' (frustrated assumptions) in contract law and how it differs from 'force majeure'. You can use the word to describe complex socio-economic conditions. You might use the adverbial form 'forutsetningsvis' in very formal writing. You understand that 'forutsetning' is not just a condition, but an ontological starting point. You can discuss the 'forutsetninger' of the Norwegian welfare state or the 'kulturelle forutsetninger' for communication.
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At the C2 level, 'forutsetning' is a tool you use with precision and stylistic flair. You can engage in high-level academic discourse, using the word to deconstruct premises in logic or philosophy (e.g., Kantian transcendental prerequisites). You understand the historical evolution of the word and its role in the 'forutsetningslære' of Nordic law. You can use it metaphorically or ironically in literature. You have a perfect feel for when 'forutsetning' is the only word that will suffice to describe the complex web of factors that allow a specific phenomenon to exist. Your mastery includes all its collocations and its most subtle shades of meaning.
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forutsetning 30秒で

  • Means prerequisite, condition, or assumption.
  • Used in job ads, legal contracts, and logic.
  • Common phrase: 'under den forutsetning at' (on condition that).
  • Can also mean a person's background or aptitude.

The Norwegian word forutsetning is a cornerstone of both formal and intellectual discourse. At its heart, it refers to something that must exist or be true before something else can happen or be considered valid. In English, we typically translate this as a prerequisite, condition, assumption, or premise. The word is composed of two parts: forut (beforehand/ahead) and setning (a placing or setting). Literally, it is something 'set before' everything else. This structural logic mirrors the English 'pre-supposition'.

Technical Application
In legal and contractual contexts, a forutsetning is a fundamental basis upon which an agreement is made. If this basis fails, it leads to what Norwegian law calls bristende forutsetninger (failed assumptions), which can potentially void a contract.
Educational Context
In school or job listings, it often refers to the skills or qualifications you must have before applying. For example, knowing basic math is a forutsetning for studying advanced physics.

Gode norskkunnskaper er en forutsetning for å få denne jobben.

Translation: Good Norwegian skills are a prerequisite for getting this job.

Beyond the physical or contractual, the word also covers cognitive assumptions. When you enter a conversation, you have certain forutsetninger about what the other person knows. If these assumptions are wrong, communication breaks down. This makes the word essential for discussing philosophy, logic, and social interactions. In a philosophical sense, a forutsetning is a 'given'—something taken for granted as a starting point for an argument.

Vi må diskutere hvilke forutsetninger vi bygger denne teorien på.

Everyday Social Use
Even in casual settings, you might hear: 'Jeg gjør det, men bare under den forutsetning at du hjelper meg.' (I'll do it, but only on the condition that you help me.)

To master this word, think of it as the 'foundation stone' of a situation. Without the stone, the building cannot stand. Whether that stone is a skill, a legal clause, or a shared belief, it is the forutsetning. It is a very common word in Norwegian media, politics, and academia, appearing frequently in discussions about climate change (what conditions are needed to reach goals) and economics (what assumptions are made in a budget).

Det er en grunnleggende forutsetning for demokratiet at vi har ytringsfrihet.

Using forutsetning correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a common masculine/feminine noun (en/ei forutsetning). Most speakers use the masculine 'en' form. It is often paired with prepositions like for (for) and om (about), or used in the phrase under den forutsetning at (under the condition that).

The 'Condition' Pattern
When you want to set a condition for an action, use: [Action] + under den forutsetning at + [Clause]. Example: 'Du kan låne bilen under den forutsetning at du fyller bensin.'
The 'Prerequisite' Pattern
When describing a necessary skill: [Skill] + er en forutsetning for + [Goal]. Example: 'Tålmodighet er en forutsetning for å jobbe med barn.'

Har du de nødvendige forutsetningene for å lykkes?

Translation: Do you have the necessary prerequisites to succeed?

In plural form, forutsetninger often refers to a person's background, aptitude, or the circumstances they are working under. If someone says, 'Han har gode forutsetninger for å bli en god musiker,' they mean he has the natural talent, the right environment, and the prior training needed to excel. It’s a very positive way to describe potential.

Vi opererer ut fra en forutsetning om at markedet vil vokse.

The word is also frequently used with the adjective grunnleggende (fundamental). A 'grunnleggende forutsetning' is something so vital that without it, the entire system collapses. This is common in political speeches: 'Tillit er en grunnleggende forutsetning for det norske samfunnet' (Trust is a fundamental prerequisite for Norwegian society).

Det er en feilaktig forutsetning.

The Adverbial Form
While not a direct form of the noun, the word forutsetningsvis means 'presumptively' or 'as a prerequisite', though this is quite formal and less common in speech.

You will encounter forutsetning in almost every 'serious' sphere of Norwegian life. If you watch the evening news (Dagsrevyen), you will hear politicians discussing the økonomiske forutsetninger (economic assumptions) for the state budget. They use it to explain why certain plans might change if oil prices drop or inflation rises.

Budsjettet bygger på visse forutsetninger om lav rente.

In the workplace, forutsetning is used during performance reviews and in job advertisements. An employer might say, 'En av forutsetningene for denne stillingen er at du kan reise mye.' This sounds more professional and integrated into the role's nature than saying 'Du må reise' (You must travel).

Legal and Formal Documents
If you sign a rental contract or a loan agreement in Norway, look for this word. It often appears in clauses describing what happens if the 'basis' of the contract changes. 'Avtalen er inngått under den forutsetning at...' (The agreement is entered into under the condition that...).

In daily life, you might hear it in sports commentary. A commentator might say, 'Norge har alle forutsetninger for å vinne i dag,' meaning they have the talent, the weather conditions are right, and the players are healthy. It implies that everything is 'set up' for success.

Lagets forutsetninger er bedre enn i fjor.

Lastly, in pedagogical settings, teachers talk about elevforutsetninger—the specific starting point, background, and abilities of each individual student. It is a key term in Norwegian 'tilpasset opplæring' (adapted education), acknowledging that every child starts with different 'pre-conditions'.

Vi må ta hensyn til barnets forutsetninger.

Even though forutsetning is common, learners often stumble over its nuance compared to similar words like krav (requirement), betingelse (condition), and antakelse (assumption).

Mistake 1: Using it for 'Requirement' in a simple list
Don't use forutsetning for a shopping list or a simple to-do list. Use krav or just 'ting jeg trenger'. Forutsetning implies a logical or structural necessity.
Mistake 2: Confusing it with 'Betingelse'
While often interchangeable, betingelse is more common for 'terms and conditions' in a commercial sense. Forutsetning is more about the underlying logic or the 'starting state'.

Feil: Min forutsetning for å kjøpe melk er at jeg har penger. (Too formal/weird)
Riktig: Jeg må ha penger for å kjøpe melk.

Another common error is the word order in the phrase under den forutsetning at. Learners often forget the at (that) or the definite article den. It is a fixed expression; 'under forutsetning at' (without 'den') is sometimes used but sounds slightly less polished.

Husk: Under den forutsetning at...

Finally, be careful with the plural. Forutsetninger can mean 'aptitude' or 'potential'. If you say someone has 'dårlige forutsetninger', you aren't saying they are a bad person, but that the circumstances or their background makes it hard for them to succeed. It is a word about context, not character.

To truly master Norwegian, you need to know which 'condition' word to pick. Forutsetning is part of a family of words dealing with requirements and logic.

Betingelse vs. Forutsetning
Betingelse: Often an external, explicit requirement (like in a contract). 'Lønnsbetingelser' (salary conditions).
Forutsetning: Often an internal, logical, or implicit requirement. 'En forutsetning for forståelse' (a prerequisite for understanding).
Krav vs. Forutsetning
Krav: A demand or a hard requirement. 'Vi stiller krav til søkerne.'
Forutsetning: A more neutral, logical necessity. 'Å ha førerkort er en forutsetning for jobben.'

Synonym: Premiss. Used mostly in logic and debate. 'Premissene for debatten var uklare.'

Another useful alternative is grunnlag (basis/foundation). While a forutsetning is something that must be there beforehand, a grunnlag is what something rests upon. Often they are used interchangeably: 'Det finnes ikke grunnlag for/forutsetninger for å si det.'

Vilkår: Another word for 'terms' or 'conditions', commonly used in insurance and user agreements (brukervilkår).

In summary, use forutsetning when you are talking about logic, potential, or the underlying 'setup' of a situation. It is the most 'intellectual' of the condition words, making it perfect for professional and academic contexts.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word is a 'calque' or loan translation, meaning Norwegian took the German structure and replaced it with Norwegian roots 'forut' and 'setning'.

発音ガイド

UK /fɔɾˈʉːtˌsɛtnɪŋ/
US /fɔrˈutˌsɛtnɪŋ/
Primary stress on the second syllable 'ut', secondary stress on 'set'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Common in newspapers, easy to recognize once the root is known.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct preposition use and 'at'-clause structure.

スピーキング 4/5

Long word, requires practice with the 'u' and 'setn' sounds.

リスニング 3/5

Clearly articulated in formal speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

forut setning hvis krav trenger

次に学ぶ

forutsette betingelse vilkår konsekvens grunnlag

上級

forutsetningsvis premiss aksiom kausalitet implikasjon

知っておくべき文法

Noun Gender (Masculine/Feminine)

En forutsetning / Ei forutsetning

Definite Plural Ending (-ene)

Forutsetningene

Subordinate clauses with 'at'

...under den forutsetning AT du kommer.

Prepositional phrases with 'for'

En forutsetning FOR suksess.

Compound noun formation

Elev + forutsetning = Elevforutsetning

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レベル別の例文

1

Det er en forutsetning å ha bil.

It is a prerequisite to have a car.

Simple subject-verb-object structure.

2

Penger er en forutsetning.

Money is a prerequisite.

Noun as a prerequisite.

3

En forutsetning for turen er sol.

A prerequisite for the trip is sun.

Using 'for' to show what the prerequisite is for.

4

Er det en forutsetning?

Is it a prerequisite?

Question form.

5

Han har ingen forutsetning.

He has no prerequisite/aptitude.

Negation.

6

Dette er min forutsetning.

This is my condition.

Possessive pronoun.

7

Vi trenger en forutsetning.

We need a prerequisite.

Direct object.

8

Forutsetningen er klar.

The prerequisite is clear.

Definite singular.

1

Du kan låne den, under den forutsetning at du er forsiktig.

You can borrow it, on the condition that you are careful.

Phrase: under den forutsetning at.

2

Er det en forutsetning for jobben?

Is it a prerequisite for the job?

Prepositional phrase 'for jobben'.

3

Vi har gode forutsetninger for å vinne.

We have good prerequisites/conditions to win.

Plural 'forutsetninger'.

4

Uten denne forutsetningen går det ikke.

Without this prerequisite, it won't work.

Definite singular with 'denne'.

5

Hva er dine forutsetninger?

What are your prerequisites/background?

Interrogative pronoun 'hva'.

6

Det var en feil forutsetning.

That was a wrong assumption.

Adjective 'feil'.

7

Forutsetningene er endret.

The conditions have changed.

Definite plural.

8

Jeg gjør det med én forutsetning.

I'll do it with one condition.

Numeral 'én'.

1

En grunnleggende forutsetning for samarbeid er tillit.

A fundamental prerequisite for cooperation is trust.

Adjective 'grunnleggende'.

2

Vi må se på de økonomiske forutsetningene.

We must look at the economic conditions/assumptions.

Attributive adjective in plural.

3

Han har de beste forutsetninger for å lykkes i sporten.

He has the best prerequisites/aptitude to succeed in the sport.

Superlative 'beste'.

4

Prosjektet ble startet under en falsk forutsetning.

The project was started under a false premise.

Prepositional phrase 'under en...'

5

Det er en forutsetning at alle bidrar.

It is a prerequisite that everyone contributes.

Dummy subject 'det' with 'at'-clause.

6

Hvilke forutsetninger ligger til grunn for denne beslutningen?

What assumptions underlie this decision?

Phrase 'ligge til grunn for'.

7

Forutsetningen for avtalen har falt bort.

The basis for the agreement has disappeared.

Verb 'falle bort'.

8

Vi tar forutsetningene for gitt.

We take the assumptions for granted.

Idiom 'ta for gitt'.

1

Det er en forutsetning for demokratiet at pressen er fri.

It is a prerequisite for democracy that the press is free.

Abstract noun 'demokratiet'.

2

Vi opererer under den forutsetning at markedet stabiliserer seg.

We operate under the assumption that the market stabilizes.

Verb 'operere'.

3

Elevens sosiale forutsetninger påvirker læringen.

The student's social background/conditions affect learning.

Genitive 'elevens'.

4

Dette er en nødvendig, men ikke tilstrekkelig, forutsetning.

This is a necessary, but not sufficient, prerequisite.

Logical distinction 'nødvendig/tilstrekkelig'.

5

Forutsetningene for en fredelig løsning er til stede.

The conditions for a peaceful solution are present.

Phrase 'være til stede'.

6

Vi må avklare de tekniske forutsetningene før vi begynner.

We must clarify the technical prerequisites before we begin.

Verb 'avklare'.

7

Det hviler på en urealistisk forutsetning om evig vekst.

It rests on an unrealistic assumption of eternal growth.

Verb 'hvile på'.

8

Hans forutsetninger for å forstå problemet var begrenset.

His capacity/background to understand the problem was limited.

Plural subject with singular-looking meaning.

1

Læren om bristende forutsetninger er sentral i kontraktsretten.

The doctrine of failed assumptions is central to contract law.

Legal terminology.

2

Denne teorien utfordrer våre dypeste forutsetninger om mennesket.

This theory challenges our deepest assumptions about humanity.

Superlative 'dypeste'.

3

Det er en forutsetning for rettsstaten at lovene er forutsigbare.

It is a prerequisite for the rule of law that laws are predictable.

Compound 'rettsstaten'.

4

Vi må problematisere de kulturelle forutsetningene for samtalen.

We must problematize the cultural assumptions behind the conversation.

Verb 'problematisere'.

5

Analysen er beheftet med usikre forutsetninger.

The analysis is fraught with uncertain assumptions.

Formal adjective 'beheftet'.

6

Forutsetningsvis må vi anta at partene handlet i god tro.

Presumptively, we must assume the parties acted in good faith.

Adverbial 'forutsetningsvis'.

7

Den historiske forutsetningen for denne utviklingen var reformasjonen.

The historical prerequisite for this development was the Reformation.

Historical context.

8

Det foreligger ingen forutsetninger for videre forhandlinger.

There are no conditions present for further negotiations.

Formal verb 'foreligge'.

1

Kants transcendentale forutsetninger for erkjennelse er fundamentale.

Kant's transcendental prerequisites for knowledge are fundamental.

Philosophical terminology.

2

Diskursen preges av uuttalte ideologiske forutsetninger.

The discourse is characterized by unspoken ideological assumptions.

Passive voice 'preges av'.

3

Forutsetningslæren kan anvendes når avtalegrunnlaget svikter.

The doctrine of assumptions can be applied when the basis of the agreement fails.

Compound 'avtalegrunnlaget'.

4

En ontologisk forutsetning for dette systemet er dualisme.

An ontological prerequisite for this system is dualism.

Academic adjective 'ontologisk'.

5

Vi må dekonstruere forutsetningene for vår egen virkelighetsforståelse.

We must deconstruct the assumptions of our own understanding of reality.

Verb 'dekonstruere'.

6

Uten disse forutsetningene imploderer hele det logiske reisverket.

Without these prerequisites, the entire logical framework implodes.

Metaphorical use of 'implodere' and 'reisverk'.

7

Det er en forutsetning for enhver sivilisasjon at vold monopolet er statlig.

It is a prerequisite for any civilization that the monopoly on violence is state-owned.

Political theory.

8

Forutsetningsvis er subjektet konstituert gjennom språket.

Presumptively, the subject is constituted through language.

Post-structuralist terminology.

類義語

betingelse premiss vilkår grunnlag krav antakelse behov utgangspunkt

反対語

resultat konsekvens følge virkning

よく使う組み合わせ

grunnleggende forutsetning
økonomiske forutsetninger
nødvendig forutsetning
feilaktig forutsetning
tekniske forutsetninger
sosiale forutsetninger
bristende forutsetninger
stille som forutsetning
viktig forutsetning
skape forutsetninger

よく使うフレーズ

Under den forutsetning at

— On the condition that / Provided that.

Jeg blir med, under den forutsetning at det ikke regner.

Ligge til grunn som en forutsetning

— To serve as an underlying assumption.

Dette ligger til grunn som en forutsetning for hele planen.

Ha gode forutsetninger

— To have a good background or aptitude for something.

Hun har gode forutsetninger for å bli lege.

En forutsetning for

— A prerequisite for something.

Utdanning er en forutsetning for mange yrker.

Gjøre til en forutsetning

— To make something a requirement.

De gjorde taushetsplikt til en forutsetning for avtalen.

Bygge på en forutsetning

— To base something on an assumption.

Hele teorien bygger på en forutsetning om rasjonalitet.

Være en forutsetning

— To be a requirement.

God helse er en forutsetning for å klatre i fjellet.

Uten forutsetninger

— Without the necessary skills or background.

Han begynte i jobben helt uten forutsetninger.

Endrede forutsetninger

— Changed circumstances or conditions.

Vi må tilpasse oss endrede forutsetninger.

Ta som en forutsetning

— To take as a given or assume.

Jeg tar som en forutsetning at du har lest rapporten.

よく混同される語

forutsetning vs antakelse

An 'antakelse' is a guess; a 'forutsetning' is a logical requirement or starting point.

forutsetning vs krav

A 'krav' is a demand; a 'forutsetning' is a necessary condition.

forutsetning vs betingelse

A 'betingelse' is often a term in a contract; a 'forutsetning' is often an underlying assumption.

慣用句と表現

"Bristende forutsetninger"

— A legal and social term for when the basic assumptions of a deal fail.

Kontrakten ble hevet på grunn av bristende forutsetninger.

Formal/Legal
"På falske forutsetninger"

— Doing something based on lies or wrong information.

Han giftet seg med henne på falske forutsetninger.

Neutral
"Å ha alle forutsetninger"

— To have every advantage or skill needed to succeed.

Hun har alle forutsetninger for å nå toppen.

Positive/Neutral
"En forutsetning for liv"

— Something essential for existence (often used about water/oxygen).

Vann er en forutsetning for liv.

Scientific/General
"Stille forutsetninger"

— To set terms before agreeing to something.

Hun stilte strenge forutsetninger før hun sa ja.

Neutral
"Gitt de rette forutsetningene"

— If the conditions are right.

Gitt de rette forutsetningene, kan vi vinne.

Neutral
"Uten de nødvendige forutsetninger"

— Lacking what it takes (often used critically).

Han uttalte seg uten de nødvendige forutsetninger.

Formal/Critical
"En taus forutsetning"

— An unspoken assumption.

Det var en taus forutsetning at vi skulle dele på utgiftene.

Neutral
"Forutsetningenes makt"

— The power of underlying assumptions to shape outcomes.

Vi må ikke undervurdere forutsetningenes makt.

Academic/Philosophical
"Bygge på sandgrunn (forutsetninger)"

— To base something on very weak assumptions (metaphorical).

Hele planen bygger på forutsetninger av sandgrunn.

Literary

間違えやすい

forutsetning vs Betingelse

Both mean 'condition'.

Betingelse is more for external rules or contract terms. Forutsetning is more for logical or internal prerequisites.

Lønnsbetingelser (salary terms) vs. Forutsetning for suksess (prerequisite for success).

forutsetning vs Vilkår

Both mean 'condition' or 'term'.

Vilkår is used for 'Terms and Conditions' or general life circumstances. Forutsetning is for logical premises.

Brukervilkår (user terms) vs. En forutsetning for debatten (a premise for the debate).

forutsetning vs Premiss

Both mean 'premise'.

Premiss is almost exclusively used in logic and formal debate. Forutsetning is much broader.

Logisk premiss vs. En forutsetning for å få lån.

forutsetning vs Krav

Both imply something needed.

Krav is a demand (You MUST do this). Forutsetning is a condition (For this to work, this MUST be true).

Vi stiller krav til deg vs. Det er en forutsetning at du er her.

forutsetning vs Antakelse

Both can mean 'assumption'.

Antakelse is a belief without proof. Forutsetning is a starting point for an action or argument.

Det er bare en antakelse vs. Min forutsetning er at vi har penger.

文型パターン

A2

X er en forutsetning.

Bil er en forutsetning.

B1

X er en forutsetning for Y.

Trening er en forutsetning for god helse.

B1

Gjøre noe under den forutsetning at...

Jeg hjelper deg under den forutsetning at du betaler.

B2

Ha gode forutsetninger for å...

Hun har gode forutsetninger for å lære språk.

B2

Bygge på en (feilaktig) forutsetning.

Teorien bygger på en feilaktig forutsetning.

C1

Forutsetningen har falt bort.

Den økonomiske forutsetningen har falt bort.

C1

Forutsetningsvis er det slik at...

Forutsetningsvis er det slik at alle kjenner reglene.

C2

De transcendentale forutsetningene for...

De transcendentale forutsetningene for rom og tid.

語族

名詞

forutsetning
forutsetningslære

動詞

forutsette

形容詞

forutsett

関連

forut
setning
antakelse
betingelse
premiss
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使い方

frequency

High in formal/professional contexts, medium in casual speech.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'forutsetning' for a simple 'need'. → Jeg trenger melk.

    Don't use 'forutsetning' for basic physical needs. It's for logical or structural requirements.

  • Omitting 'den' in 'under den forutsetning at'. → Under den forutsetning at...

    The definite article 'den' is usually required in this fixed expression.

  • Confusing 'forutsetning' with 'forventning' (expectation). → Min forventning er at du kommer.

    A 'forutsetning' is a requirement; a 'forventning' is something you hope or expect will happen.

  • Using 'forutsetning' when you mean 'guess'. → Jeg gjetter at...

    'Forutsetning' is a formal premise, not a random guess.

  • Incorrect plural form 'forutsetningene' in indefinite context. → Vi har mange forutsetninger.

    Remember the -er ending for indefinite plural and -ene for definite.

ヒント

The 'At' Clause

Always remember the 'at' when using 'under den forutsetning at'. It introduces the condition.

Job Seekers

Learn this word for job ads. It's often where the 'requirements' are listed.

Sound Smarter

Use 'forutsetning' instead of 'ting' or 'krav' in meetings to sound more professional.

Premises

When arguing, use 'Min forutsetning er...' to clearly state your starting point.

Setting Terms

Use 'under den forutsetning at' to set polite boundaries when helping others.

Potential

Use 'gode forutsetninger' to compliment someone's potential without sounding too direct.

Contract Reading

Always look for 'forutsetning' in contracts; it defines what the deal depends on.

Student Focus

If you are a teacher, 'elevforutsetninger' is your most important word for planning.

The 'U' Sound

Make sure the 'u' in 'forut' is the Norwegian 'u' (tight lips), not an 'o' sound.

Compounds

You can combine it with many words (e.g., 'rammeforutsetning') to be very specific.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think: 'FOR-UT-SETTING'. You are SETTING something OUT BEFORE you start. (Forut = Before, Setning = Setting).

視覚的連想

A foundation of a house. The house is the project, and the 'forutsetning' is the concrete slab that must be there before you build.

Word Web

Requirement Assumption Logic Prerequisite Foundation Premise Condition Aptitude

チャレンジ

Try to use 'forutsetning' in a sentence about your favorite hobby. What is one thing you MUST have to do it?

語源

Borrowed from German 'Voraussetzung' in the 19th century. It entered Norwegian during a period of heavy linguistic influence from German philosophy and law.

元の意味： Something set or placed (setzung) before (voraus).

Germanic (Norwegian/German).

文化的な背景

Be careful when using it to describe people's backgrounds; saying someone has 'dårlige forutsetninger' can sound patronizing if not used carefully.

English speakers often use 'requirement' or 'assumption' where Norwegians prefer 'forutsetning'. 'Assumption' can sound negative in English, but 'forutsetning' is often neutral or positive.

Used in 'The Law of Assumptions' (Forutsetningslæren) in Norwegian law schools. Common in the works of Norwegian philosopher Arne Næss. Frequently appearing in the 'Stortingsmeldinger' (White Papers) of the Norwegian government.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Job Application

  • Er dette en forutsetning?
  • Jeg har de rette forutsetningene.
  • Krav og forutsetninger.
  • Faglige forutsetninger.

Education

  • Elevens forutsetninger.
  • Tilpasset forutsetningene.
  • Forutsetning for læring.
  • Pedagogiske forutsetninger.

Business/Contracts

  • Økonomiske forutsetninger.
  • Under denne forutsetningen.
  • Bristende forutsetninger.
  • Avtalens forutsetninger.

Logic/Debate

  • En feilaktig forutsetning.
  • Hva er din forutsetning?
  • Vi må avklare forutsetningene.
  • Logisk forutsetning.

Sports

  • Gode forutsetninger for seier.
  • Fysiske forutsetninger.
  • Lagets forutsetninger.
  • Ytre forutsetninger (weather, etc).

会話のきっかけ

"Hva mener du er den viktigste forutsetningen for et godt vennskap?"

"Tror du alle barn i Norge har de samme forutsetningene for å lykkes?"

"Hvilke forutsetninger må være på plass før vi kan starte dette prosjektet?"

"Har du noen gang startet noe på helt feil forutsetninger?"

"Er gode språkkunnskaper en forutsetning for å forstå en kultur?"

日記のテーマ

Reflekter over dine egne forutsetninger for å lære norsk. Hva hjelper deg, og hva gjør det vanskelig?

Beskriv en situasjon der en avtale ble brutt på grunn av bristende forutsetninger.

Hva er de viktigste forutsetningene for at et samfunn skal være lykkelig?

Skriv om en hobby du har, og hvilke forutsetninger (utstyr, ferdigheter) som kreves.

Diskuter påstanden: 'Tillit er en forutsetning for demokrati'.

よくある質問

10 問

It can be both (en or ei), but masculine 'en forutsetning' is much more common in modern Norwegian.

Use 'forutsetning' when something is logically necessary for a result, like 'sun is a prerequisite for a tan'. Use 'krav' for rules, like 'you must be 18 to drive'.

It is a legal term for when the conditions that an agreement was based on change so much that the agreement might no longer be valid.

Yes, in the plural 'forutsetninger' refers to someone's skills, background, or natural talent for something.

Very common in news, work, and education. Less common in very casual talk with friends, where people might just say 'hvis' or 'må'.

They are very close. 'Premiss' is more academic and used in logic. 'Forutsetning' is used in everyday formal life (jobs, contracts).

The best way is 'under den forutsetning at'.

Yes, specifically an assumption that you base an argument or a plan on.

It is a teacher's term for the specific needs and background of a student.

The verb is 'å forutsette', which means 'to presuppose' or 'to assume'.

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自分をテスト 180 問

writing

Skriv en setning med 'forutsetning' som handler om å lære et nytt språk.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Bruk uttrykket 'under den forutsetning at' i en setning om en avtale.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Forklar hva 'økonomiske forutsetninger' betyr med egne ord på norsk.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Skriv en setning der du bruker flertallsformen 'forutsetninger'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Hva er en 'grunnleggende forutsetning' for et demokrati? Skriv 2 setninger.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Lag en jobbanonse-setning som bruker ordet 'forutsetning'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Skriv en setning om klimaendringer og 'forutsetninger'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Bruk ordet 'forutsetning' i en samtale mellom to venner.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Hva er dine forutsetninger for å klare en maraton? Beskriv kort.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Skriv om en situasjon der en 'forutsetning' slo feil.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Hvordan påvirker teknologi våre forutsetninger for kommunikasjon?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Lag en setning med 'feilaktig forutsetning'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Hva er en 'nødvendig forutsetning' for fred i verden?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Beskriv ordet 'forutsetning' for en som ikke kan det.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Skriv en setning om sport og 'forutsetninger'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Bruk 'forutsetning' i en setning om vitenskap.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Lag en setning med 'taus forutsetning'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Hva er en 'forutsetning for liv' på andre planeter?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Skriv en setning med 'forutsetningene er endret'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Bruk 'forutsetning' i en setning om personlig vekst.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Forklar ordet 'forutsetning' på norsk til en venn.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Fortell om en forutsetning for din favoritthobby.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Bruk 'under den forutsetning at' i en setning om helgen.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Hva er en forutsetning for å trives i en ny jobb?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Mener du alle har de samme forutsetningene i livet?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Hvilke forutsetninger må til for å stoppe klimaendringene?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Har du noen gang gjort noe på feil forutsetninger?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Er språkkunnskaper en forutsetning for vennskap?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Hva er en 'taus forutsetning' i din kultur?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Hva er forutsetningen for at en bil skal kjøre?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Hva er de økonomiske forutsetningene for å kjøpe bolig i dag?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Hvordan kan man skape bedre forutsetninger for barn?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Hva er en forutsetning for god helse?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Bruk ordet 'forutsetning' i en diskusjon om politikk.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Hva er forutsetningen for at dette kurset skal være nyttig?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Uttal ordet 'forutsetning' tre ganger tydelig.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Hva er en forutsetning for å reise til månen?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Er ærlighet en forutsetning for kjærlighet?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Hva er de tekniske forutsetningene for et videomøte?

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Bruk 'forutsetninger' i flertall om et sportslag.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Tillit er en grunnleggende forutsetning.' Hva er forutsetningen?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Under den forutsetning at du kommer.' Hva er betingelsen?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Forutsetningene er endret.' Er alt som før?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Han har gode forutsetninger.' Er han flink eller har han et godt utgangspunkt?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Dette bygger på en feilaktig forutsetning.' Stemmer grunnlaget?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør ordet: 'Forutsetning'. Hvor mange stavelser har det?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Gode norskkunnskaper er en forutsetning.' Hva må man kunne?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Det var en taus forutsetning.' Ble det sagt høyt?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'De økonomiske forutsetningene er vanskelige.' Hva er vanskelig?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Vi tar det som en forutsetning.' Er de usikre?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Uten forutsetninger for å forstå.' Forstår han?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Forutsetningen for fred er dialog.' Hva trengs?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Det hviler på en urealistisk forutsetning.' Er planen realistisk?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'En nødvendig forutsetning.' Kan man klare seg uten?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Hør setningen: 'Hvilke forutsetninger ligger til grunn?' Hva spørres det etter?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Lag en setning med 'forutsetningsvis'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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