A1 Sentence Structure 4 min read かんたん

ペルシア語の数字 1-100：ネイティブのように数える

Place the number before a singular noun and use 'o' to connect tens and units like LEGOs.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Persian numbers 1-10 are unique, 11-19 are compound, and 20-90 follow a simple 'tens + units' pattern.

  • Numbers 1-10 are unique: 'یک' (yek), 'دو' (do), 'سه' (se), etc.
  • Numbers 11-19 end in '-ده' (dah): 'یازده' (yazdah) is 11.
  • Numbers 20-90 use 'tens + o + units': 'بیست و یک' (bist-o-yek) is 21.
Tens + و (o) + Units

Overview

テヘランで新しい友達に電話番号を教えようとして、突然「7」の言い方を忘れてしまったことはありませんか？... (Overview, Word Order Rules, How This Grammar Works, Formation Pattern, Pattern Variations, Real Conversations, Common Mistakes, Quick FAQ)

Persian Numbers 1-10

Digit Persian Transliteration
1
یک
Yek
2
دو
Do
3
سه
Se
4
چهار
Chahar
5
پنج
Panj
6
شش
Shesh
7
هفت
Haft
8
هشت
Hasht
9
نه
Noh
10
ده
Dah

Tens

Number Persian Transliteration
20
بیست
Bist
30
سی
Si
40
چهل
Chehel
50
پنجاه
Panjah
60
شصت
Shast
70
هفتاد
Haftad
80
هشتاد
Hashtad
90
نود
Navad

Meanings

Cardinal numbers are used to quantify nouns and express amounts in Persian.

1

Counting

Sequential counting of objects or items.

“یک، دو، سه”

“ده، بیست، سی”

Reference Table

Reference table for ペルシア語の数字 1-100：ネイティブのように数える
Digit Persian Word Pronunciation Type
1
یک
yek
Base
10
ده
dah
Base
11
یازده
yazdah
Teen
20
بیست
bist
Ten
21
بیست و یک
bist o yek
Combined
50
پنجاه
panjah
Ten
100
صد
sad
Base

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
بیست و یک

بیست و یک (Standard)

ニュートラル
بیست و یک

بیست و یک (Standard)

カジュアル
بیست و یک

بیست و یک (Standard)

スラング
بیست و یک

بیست و یک (Standard)

Building Blocks of Persian Numbers

Numbers 1-100

Base (1-10)

  • yek 1
  • dah 10

Tens (20-90)

  • bist 20
  • si 30

Written vs. Spoken Pronunciation

Formal (Written)
panzdah 15
hefdah 17
Informal (Spoken)
punzdah 15
hifdah 17

How to Build a Number (21-99)

1

Pick a 'Ten' (e.g., 20, 30)?

YES
Write the Ten word (e.g., bist)
NO
Stop
2

Is there a unit (1-9)?

YES
Add 'o' + Unit word
NO ↓

Common Counting Units

📦

Objects (General)

  • • ta (تا)
👤

People

  • • nafar (نفر)

レベル別の例文

1

یک سیب

One apple

2

دو کتاب

Two books

3

سه نفر

Three people

4

چهار صندلی

Four chairs

1

بیست و پنج تومان

25 Tomans

2

سی و دو سال

32 years

3

چهل و هشت ساعت

48 hours

4

هفتاد و نه نفر

79 people

1

قیمت آن پنجاه و پنج هزار تومان است

The price is 55,000 Tomans

2

من در طبقه ششم زندگی می‌کنم

I live on the 6th floor

3

ساعت هشت و ده دقیقه است

It is 8:10

4

یازده نفر در جلسه هستند

11 people are in the meeting

1

او نود و نه درصد مطمئن است

He is 99% sure

2

این پروژه شصت و شش روز طول کشید

This project took 66 days

3

بیش از چهل و دو کشور

More than 42 countries

4

هشتاد و هشت درصد آرا

88% of the votes

1

تعداد شرکت‌کنندگان به نود و پنج نفر رسید

The number of participants reached 95

2

او در سن هفتاد و هفت سالگی درگذشت

He passed away at the age of 77

3

این کتاب شامل پنجاه و چهار فصل است

This book contains 54 chapters

4

سی و سه پل یکی از نمادهای اصفهان است

Si-o-se Pol is one of the symbols of Isfahan

1

تخمین زده می‌شود که نود و دو درصد منابع استفاده شده است

It is estimated that 92% of resources have been used

2

در قرن بیستم، تغییرات بسیاری رخ داد

In the 20th century, many changes occurred

3

او هشتاد و نه سال داشت

He was 89 years old

4

تعداد کل موارد ثبت شده چهل و نه است

The total number of registered cases is 49

間違えやすい

Persian Numbers 1-100: Counting Like a Native (یک تا صد) 対 3 vs 30

Both start with 's'.

Persian Numbers 1-100: Counting Like a Native (یک تا صد) 対 6 vs 60

Both start with 'sh'.

Persian Numbers 1-100: Counting Like a Native (یک تا صد) 対 11 vs 1

Both contain 'yek'.

よくある間違い

✗

بیست یک

✓

بیست و یک

Missing the 'o' connector.
✗

سه ده

✓

سی

Literal translation of 3-10.
✗

یکده

✓

یازده

Incorrect formation of 11.
✗

دو ده

✓

بیست

Incorrect formation of 20.
✗

سی و هشت

✓

سی و هشت

Pronunciation error.
✗

چهل و دو تا

✓

چهل و دو

Adding 'ta' when not needed.
✗

هفتاد و نه

✓

هفتاد و نه

Mixing up 70 and 80.
✗

صد و یک

✓

صد و یک

Pronunciation of 'o'.
✗

نود و نه

✓

نود و نه

Confusion with 90.
✗

شصت و شش

✓

شصت و شش

Confusion with 60.
✗

هشتاد و هشت

✓

هشتاد و هشت

Formal vs informal.
✗

پنجاه و پنج

✓

پنجاه و پنج

Formal vs informal.
✗

چهل و چهار

✓

چهل و چهار

Formal vs informal.

文型パターン

من ___ تا سیب دارم.

قیمت آن ___ تومان است.

او ___ سال دارد.

ساعت ___ و ___ دقیقه است.

Real World Usage

Bazaar constant

سه تا نان لطفا.

Phone Call very common

شماره من است...

Job Interview common

من پنج سال تجربه دارم.

Travel common

هتل در طبقه چهارم است.

Food Delivery common

دو تا پیتزا سفارش دادم.

Social Media occasional

من بیست و یک ساله هستم.

🎯

The 'Ta' Secret

Always use 'ta' when counting things in conversation. 'Se ta sib' sounds much more natural than just 'se sib'.
⚠️

Singular Nouns Only!

Never use the plural suffix (-ha) after a number. It's '10 book', not '10 books'.
💬

Toman vs. Rial

Prices are often written in Rials but spoken in Tomans (1 Toman = 10 Rials). If a kebab is 50,000, they might just say 'panjah' (50).

Smart Tips

Always add 'ta' for informal counting.

سه سیب → سه تا سیب

Break them into tens and units.

بیستیک → بیست و یک

Use ordinal numbers instead.

روز بیست → روز بیستم

Use the 'Toman' currency unit.

این چند است؟ → این چند تومان است؟

発音

o

The 'o' connector

Pronounced like the 'o' in 'go'.

Rising

بیست و یک؟

Questioning the number.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Bist' (20) as 'Best'—twenty is the best number!

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant '20' (بیست) wearing a crown, and a little '1' (یک) holding its hand with a 'و' (o) bridge between them.

Rhyme

Yek, do, se, counting is fun for me!

Story

Ali bought 20 (bist) apples. He gave 1 (yek) to his friend. Now he has 19 (noozdah).

Word Web

یکدوسهدهبیستسیچهل

チャレンジ

Count your fingers in Persian right now.

文化メモ

Numbers are used in bargaining at the bazaar.

Similar number system, slight dialect variations.

Uses Cyrillic script but similar roots.

Persian numbers are Indo-European, sharing roots with Sanskrit and Latin.

会話のきっかけ

“

چند تا سیب داری؟

“

شماره تلفن شما چند است؟

“

قیمت این چقدر است؟

“

چند سال است که فارسی می‌خوانید؟

日記のテーマ

List 5 things you have in your bag using numbers.
Describe your daily routine using numbers (times).
Write about a shopping experience.
Discuss the importance of numbers in your life.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Test Yourself

Fill in the number 23 in Persian using the 'o' connector.

بیست ___ سه (bist ___ se)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: و (o)
In Persian, we connect tens and units with 'o' (and).
Find the mistake in this sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Man se ta sib-ha dāram.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Man se ta sib dāram.
Nouns must remain singular after a number. 'Sib-ha' is plural and incorrect here.
Put the words in order to say 'I have four friends.' Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man chahār ta dust dāram
The order is Subject + Number + Counter + Noun + Verb.

Score: /3

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the missing number: 20 + 1 = ___

بیست و ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: یک
21 is bist-o-yek.
Which is 30? 選択問題

کدام عدد سی است؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: سی
Si is 30.
Correct the sentence: بیست یک Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

بیست یک

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بیست و یک
Needs 'o'.
Reorder: یک / و / بیست Sentence Reorder

یک / و / بیست

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بیست و یک
Tens first.
Translate 45. 翻訳

45

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: چهل و پنج
Chehel-o-panj.
Match number to word. Match Pairs

10

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ده
Dah is 10.
Build: I have 2 apples. Sentence Building

من ___ سیب دارم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: دو
Do is 2.
What is 90? Conjugation Drill

90

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نود
Navad is 90.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Translate 'Thirty-two' into Persian. 翻訳

Thirty-two

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: si o do
Which is the correct word for 70? 選択問題

How do you say 70?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: haftad
Match the Persian word to its number. Match Pairs

Match the pairs:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dah:10, bist:20, sad:100, noh:9
Fill in the missing word: 15 (spoken). 穴埋め問題

___ ta (15 units)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: punzdah
Correct the number 85. Error Correction

hashtad panj

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hashtad o panj
How do you say 'one' when ordering a coffee casually? 選択問題

___ qahve, lotfan.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ye
Translate '60' into Persian script/word. 翻訳

60

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: shast
Arrange to say: 'The price is 90 tomans.' Sentence Reorder

Arrange: [ast] [navad] [toman] [gheymat]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gheymat navad toman ast
What comes after 'davazdah' (12)? 穴埋め問題

yazdah, davazdah, ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sizdah
Which number is 'chehel'? 選択問題

What is 'chehel'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 40

Score: /10

よくある質問 (8)

It is 'sad'.

No, Persian numbers are gender-neutral.

It's the connector for compound numbers.

Yes, they use different symbols.

Use 'nafar' after the number.

Just say the digits.

13 is considered unlucky in some cultures, but not specifically in Persian.

It is 'sefr'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

Veintiuno

Persian uses a connector 'o'.

French high

Vingt-et-un

Pronunciation.

German low

Einundzwanzig

Word order.

Japanese low

Nijuuichi

Structure.

Arabic high

Wahid wa 'ishrun

Gender agreement.

Chinese low

Er shi yi

No connectors.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
ペルシャ語の挨拶：こんにちは、礼儀と尊敬
Next
ペルシア語の単純過去：〜した、行った (-am, -i, -)

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