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porozumienie

B2 noun 8分で読める

porozumienie

練習する例文メモとヒント porozumienie 30秒で

解説 porozumienie in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'porozumienie' is a very advanced word. You don't need to use it yet. Instead, you use the verb 'zgadzać się' (to agree). If you see 'porozumienie', just think of it as 'a big word for a deal'. It is like saying 'we have a plan together'. You might see it in very simple signs like 'Porozumienie bez przemocy' (Non-violent communication), which is a popular concept in schools. At this stage, focus on the fact that it comes from 'rozum' (mind), so it's about people thinking the same way. Don't worry about the grammar of this word yet, just recognize that it means 'agreement'. If you want to say 'we agree', stick to 'Zgadzamy się'. If you see 'porozumienie', think of two people shaking hands. It is a long word, so take it slow: po-ro-zu-mie-nie. It's a neuter noun, like 'śniadanie' (breakfast). You might hear it in a simple sentence like 'Dobre porozumienie' (Good understanding).

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At the A2 level, you can start to recognize 'porozumienie' in simple news or work contexts. You might learn that it means 'agreement'. You can use it in basic sentences like 'Mamy porozumienie' (We have an agreement). It's helpful to know that it's a noun. You might encounter it when talking about school or simple rules. For example, 'Porozumienie z nauczycielem' (An understanding with the teacher). You should know that it is a neuter noun. This means you use 'to' with it: 'To porozumienie jest ważne'. You might also see the verb 'porozumiewać się', which means 'to communicate'. At A2, you are learning how to describe relationships, and 'porozumienie' is a great word to describe a good relationship between friends or colleagues. It's more formal than 'zgoda'. If you are working in Poland, you might see 'porozumienie stron' on a document. This just means both people agree to the terms. It is a useful word to know even if you don't use it in every sentence.

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'porozumienie' in both formal and informal contexts. You should know the common collocation 'osiągnąć porozumienie' (to reach an agreement). You are now moving beyond simple 'yes/no' and starting to describe processes. You can say: 'Po długiej rozmowie osiągnęliśmy porozumienie'. You should also understand the difference between 'porozumienie' and 'umowa'. 'Umowa' is usually a piece of paper you sign, while 'porozumienie' is the fact that you agree. You can use it to talk about social issues or work problems. For example, 'Brak porozumienia między rządem a obywatelami' (Lack of agreement between the government and citizens). You should also be comfortable with the genitive form 'porozumienia' after 'nie ma'. 'Nie ma porozumienia w tej kwestii'. At this level, you start to see the word in more abstract ways, like 'nić porozumienia' (a thread of understanding). This word is essential for B1 learners who want to talk about cooperation and conflict resolution.

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At the B2 level, 'porozumienie' is a core part of your vocabulary. You should use it fluently in professional, academic, and political discussions. You are expected to know specific phrases like 'za porozumieniem stron' (by mutual consent) and 'zawrzeć porozumienie' (to conclude an agreement). You should be able to discuss international affairs using terms like 'porozumienie klimatyczne' (climate agreement) or 'porozumienie handlowe' (trade agreement). At B2, you understand the nuance that 'porozumienie' implies a successful communication process. You can distinguish it from 'ugoda' (settlement) and 'konsensus' (consensus). You should also be able to use the verb 'porozumiewać się' in the sense of 'to find a common language' or 'to communicate effectively'. For example: 'Mimo barier językowych, udało im się porozumieć'. You are now aware of the historical context, such as the 'Porozumienia Sierpniowe'. Your sentences should be more complex, using prepositions like 'pomimo braku porozumienia' (despite the lack of agreement).

At the C1 level, you use 'porozumienie' with precision and stylistic variety. You understand its role in legal, diplomatic, and philosophical discourses. You can use it to describe subtle psychological states of mutual understanding. You might use phrases like 'płaszczyzna porozumienia' (a platform/level of understanding) or 'osiągnąć kompromisowe porozumienie'. You are familiar with the legal implications of 'porozumienie' in the Polish Labor Code and Civil Code. You can write formal reports or essays where 'porozumienie' is used to analyze complex social negotiations. You are also sensitive to the register—knowing when to use 'porozumienie' versus more technical terms like 'protokół rozbieżności' (protocol of differences) when an agreement is NOT reached. You can use the word metaphorically, such as 'porozumienie dusz' (an understanding of souls). Your usage is characterized by correct collocation with advanced adjectives like 'ponadnarodowe' (supranational), 'dwustronne' (bilateral), or 'milczące' (tacit).

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native mastery of 'porozumienie'. You can use it in highly specialized fields such as international law, linguistics, or political science with absolute accuracy. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its etymological connection to 'rozum'. You can engage in deep debates about the 'możliwość porozumienia' (possibility of understanding) in a polarized society, using the word as a central concept. You can appreciate and use the word in high literature or complex legal drafting. You understand the most subtle connotations, such as when 'porozumienie' might be used ironically in a political commentary to describe a 'backroom deal'. You are also able to explain the difference between 'porozumienie' as a result and 'porozumiewanie się' as a communicative act in linguistic theory. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker, whether you are discussing a 'porozumienie ramowe' (framework agreement) or a 'międzyludzkie porozumienie' (human understanding).

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練習する例文メモとヒント

porozumienie 30秒で

Means 'agreement' or 'understanding'.
Neuter noun: to porozumienie.
Commonly used with 'osiągnąć' (reach) and 'zawrzeć' (conclude).
Key in business, politics, and law.

The Polish noun porozumienie is a sophisticated and versatile term that primarily translates to 'agreement', 'understanding', or 'settlement' in English. At its core, it describes a state where two or more parties have reached a common ground after a process of communication or negotiation. Unlike a simple 'umowa' (contract), which often implies a rigid legal document, porozumienie can refer to both a formal written accord and a more abstract, interpersonal harmony or mutual understanding. It is derived from the root word 'rozum' (mind/reason), suggesting that the agreement is a product of shared rational thought and mental alignment.

Formal Context: In political and business spheres, it refers to a negotiated settlement or a memorandum of understanding (MOU). For example, 'porozumienie pokojowe' means a peace treaty.
Interpersonal Context: In daily life, it describes the ability to communicate effectively and find a common language. 'Brak porozumienia' implies a failure to communicate or a disconnect between people.

The word is frequently used with verbs like 'osiągnąć' (to reach), 'zawrzeć' (to conclude/enter into), and 'podpisać' (to sign). It carries a positive connotation of resolution and cooperation. Whether you are discussing a labor union negotiation, a diplomatic mission, or a simple agreement between roommates about house chores, porozumienie is the standard term for the resulting state of accord. It emphasizes the process of 'coming to terms' rather than just the final piece of paper.

Po wielu godzinach trudnych negocjacji, obie strony w końcu osiągnęły porozumienie.

In a more technical sense, within the European Union framework or international law, porozumienie is often the official translation for 'agreement'. It is the fruit of 'porozumiewanie się' (the act of communicating). If you are at a B2 level, you should start using this word instead of the simpler 'zgoda' (consent) when the context involves a process of negotiation or a formal arrangement. It shows a higher command of vocabulary and a better understanding of social and professional nuances in Poland.

To porozumienie jest kluczowe dla stabilności regionu.

Synonym: Ugoda: While similar, 'ugoda' is more specific to legal settlements or compromises in a dispute, whereas 'porozumienie' is broader.

Using porozumienie correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical cases and the prepositions that typically accompany it. As a neuter noun ending in '-e', it follows the declension pattern of words like 'jedzenie' or 'życie'. In the nominative case, it is 'porozumienie'. In the genitive case, used after negation or indicating possession, it becomes 'porozumienia'. For instance, 'nie ma porozumienia' (there is no agreement).

Preposition: Między: Often used to indicate the parties involved. 'Porozumienie między rządem a związkami' (Agreement between the government and the unions).
Preposition: W sprawie: Used to specify the subject of the agreement. 'Porozumienie w sprawie klimatu' (Agreement on the climate).

When you want to say you have reached an agreement, use the verb 'osiągnąć'. This is a very common collocation. 'Osiągnęliśmy pełne porozumienie we wszystkich kwestiach' (We reached full agreement on all issues). If the agreement is being signed, use 'podpisać'. If it is being broken, use 'zerwać' or 'naruszyć'. The word is also central to the phrase 'za porozumieniem stron', which means 'by mutual consent', frequently seen in employment law when a contract is terminated by both employer and employee agreeing to the terms.

Rozwiązali umowę o pracę za porozumieniem stron.

In plural form, 'porozumienia' refers to multiple agreements. 'Polska podpisała liczne porozumienia handlowe' (Poland has signed numerous trade agreements). It is important to distinguish 'porozumienie' from 'rozumienie'. While 'rozumienie' is the internal process of understanding a concept or text, 'porozumienie' is the external state of mutual understanding or accord between people. You can have 'rozumienie tekstu' (reading comprehension) but 'porozumienie z przyjacielem' (an understanding with a friend).

Szukamy porozumienia ponad podziałami politycznymi.

You will encounter porozumienie daily if you follow Polish news (Wiadomości, TVN24) or read newspapers like 'Rzeczpospolita' or 'Gazeta Wyborcza'. It is a staple of political reporting. Whenever there is a strike, a diplomatic summit, or a coalition talk, this word is used to describe the desired or achieved outcome. For example, 'Porozumienia Sierpniowe' (The August Agreements) are historical documents from 1980 that led to the creation of the Solidarity movement, a pivotal moment in Polish history.

Historyczne porozumienie w Gdańsku zmieniło losy Polski.

In the workplace, you might hear it during HR meetings or when discussing project terms. If you are resigning or being laid off, the term 'rozwiązanie umowy za porozumieniem stron' is the most professional and common way to end an employment relationship amicably. It ensures that neither party is 'at fault' in the eyes of the law, making it a very frequent term in corporate Polish. You will also hear it in academic settings, referring to 'porozumienie o współpracy' (cooperation agreement) between universities.

News Headlines: 'Rząd ogłosił porozumienie z rolnikami' (The government announced an agreement with farmers).
Daily Life: 'Mamy ciche porozumienie, że on zmywa, a ja gotuję' (We have a quiet understanding that he washes up and I cook).

In pop culture, songs or movies might use the word to describe the emotional connection between lovers or friends—a 'soulful understanding' that goes beyond words. It is a word that bridges the gap between the cold, legalistic world and the warm, human world of connection. Understanding this word helps you navigate both a contract negotiation and a heart-to-heart conversation in Polish.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make is confusing porozumienie with rozumienie. While they look similar and share the same root, they are not interchangeable. Rozumienie is the act of comprehending (e.g., 'rozumienie ze słuchu' - listening comprehension). Porozumienie is the agreement or mutual understanding between entities. If you say 'mam dobre rozumienie z szefem', it sounds like you understand your boss's speech well, but not necessarily that you have a good relationship or agreement with them. You should say 'mam dobre porozumienie z szefem'.

Błędne: Moje rozumienie z bratem jest słabe. (Wrong)
Poprawne: Moje porozumienie z bratem jest słabe. (Correct)

Another common error is using the wrong preposition. English speakers often want to use 'na' (on) because we say 'agreement on something'. In Polish, while 'porozumienie na temat...' is possible, the more natural and formal construction is 'porozumienie w sprawie...' or 'porozumienie dotyczące...'. Also, remember that 'między' (between) requires the instrumental case (narzędnik). 'Porozumienie między Polską (instrumental) a Niemcami (instrumental)'.

Mistake: Agreement vs. Consent: Don't use 'porozumienie' when you just mean 'yes' or 'consent'. For 'I agree', use 'Zgadzam się'. 'Porozumienie' is the noun for the resulting state.
Mistake: Gender: It is a neuter noun. Avoid saying 'ten porozumienie' (masculine) or 'ta porozumienie' (feminine). It must be 'to porozumienie'.

Lastly, learners sometimes struggle with the verb 'porozumieć się'. This is the reflexive verb meaning 'to come to an agreement' or 'to communicate'. Make sure to include the 'się'. 'Musimy się porozumieć' (We must reach an understanding/communicate). Without 'się', the verb 'porozumieć' is rarely used in modern Polish.

Polish has several words for 'agreement', each with a specific nuance. Choosing the right one will make your Polish sound more natural and precise. Porozumienie is the most general and balanced term, but consider these alternatives:

Umowa: A contract or a formal agreement. It is more legalistic than 'porozumienie'. You sign an 'umowa o pracę' (employment contract).
Zgoda: Consent or permission. It also means 'harmony'. 'Wyrazić zgodę' means 'to give consent'. It is less about negotiation and more about approval.
Ugoda: A settlement or compromise, often reached in court or to end a dispute. It implies that both sides gave something up.
Układ: A deal, arrangement, or system. In a political context, it can mean a pact (e.g., Układ Warszawski - Warsaw Pact). In informal Polish, it can imply a 'shady deal' or 'cronyism'.

If you want to sound more academic or diplomatic, you might use 'konsensus' (consensus) or 'pakt' (pact). For a very informal 'understanding', you might use 'dogadanie się' (from the verb 'dogadać się' - to settle things through talk). For example, 'Szybkie dogadanie się z sąsiadem uratowało sytuację' (A quick chat/agreement with the neighbor saved the situation).

Nie potrzebujemy formalnej umowy, wystarczy nam ustne porozumienie.

When comparing these, remember: porozumienie emphasizes the mutual understanding; umowa emphasizes the legal obligation; zgoda emphasizes the permission; and ugoda emphasizes the resolution of a conflict. Using 'porozumienie' is almost always a safe and professional choice in any context where people have come to a shared decision.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word literally contains the word for 'mind' (rozum), suggesting that an agreement is a meeting of minds.

発音ガイド

UK /pɔ.rɔ.zuˈmjɛ.ɲɛ/

US /pɔ.rɔ.zuˈmjɛ.njɛ/

Penultimate syllable (on 'mie').

韻が合う語

jedzenie myślenie widzenie marzenie zdarzenie stworzenie znaczenie milczenie

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'u' as 'oo' in 'book' instead of 'u' in 'rule'.
Missing the soft 'n' (ń) sound in the last syllable.
Stressing the first syllable.
Confusing 'ro' with 'rzo' (which doesn't exist here).
Treating 'ie' at the end as two distinct syllables.

難易度

読解 3/5

Long word but logical structure.

ライティング 4/5

Requires correct spelling and neuter endings.

スピーキング 4/5

Soft 'n' and penultimate stress are tricky.

リスニング 3/5

Distinctive sound, easy to recognize once learned.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

rozum rozumieć zgoda umowa mówić

次に学ぶ

negocjacje kompromis rozstrzygnąć mediacja ratyfikacja

上級

konsensus protokół konwencja arbitraż

知っておくべき文法

Neuter noun declension in -e

porozumienie, porozumienia, porozumieniu...

Instrumental case with 'między'

między stronami (between parties)

Genitive after negation

Nie ma porozumienia.

Reflexive verbs for mutual actions

Porozumieć się (to agree with each other).

Adjective-Noun agreement

Ważne porozumienie (neuter singular).

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レベル別の例文

Mamy porozumienie.

We have an agreement.

Neuter singular noun.

To jest dobre porozumienie.

This is a good agreement.

Adjective 'dobre' matches neuter gender.

Dziękuję za porozumienie.

Thank you for the understanding.

Accusative case after 'za'.

Czy jest porozumienie?

Is there an agreement?

Simple question structure.

Małe porozumienie.

A small agreement.

Adjective 'małe' is neuter.

Szukamy porozumienia.

We are looking for an agreement.

Genitive case 'porozumienia' after 'szukać'.

Porozumienie jest ważne.

Agreement is important.

Neuter predicate 'ważne'.

Oni chcą porozumienia.

They want an agreement.

Genitive case 'porozumienia' after 'chcieć'.

Podpisaliśmy porozumienie wczoraj.

We signed the agreement yesterday.

Past tense verb.

Nie ma porozumienia między nami.

There is no agreement between us.

Genitive case after 'nie ma'.

To porozumienie pomaga wszystkim.

This agreement helps everyone.

Subject in nominative.

Musimy znaleźć porozumienie.

We must find an agreement.

Infinitive 'znaleźć' with the noun.

Dobre porozumienie w pracy jest kluczowe.

Good understanding at work is key.

Prepositional phrase 'w pracy'.

Czy to porozumienie jest oficjalne?

Is this agreement official?

Interrogative sentence.

Oni mają wspólne porozumienie.

They have a mutual agreement.

Adjective 'wspólne'.

Czekamy na porozumienie.

We are waiting for an agreement.

Accusative after 'czekać na'.

Osiągnęliśmy porozumienie po wielu godzinach.

We reached an agreement after many hours.

Verb 'osiągnąć' is standard for reaching agreements.

To porozumienie zakończyło konflikt.

This agreement ended the conflict.

Perfective verb 'zakończyło'.

Pracujemy nad nowym porozumieniem handlowym.

We are working on a new trade agreement.

Instrumental case 'porozumieniem' after 'nad'.

Brak porozumienia doprowadził do strajku.

A lack of agreement led to a strike.

Subject 'Brak' followed by genitive.

Zawarto porozumienie w sprawie płac.

An agreement was reached regarding wages.

Impersonal form 'zawarto'.

Czy doszło do porozumienia stron?

Did the parties reach an agreement?

Phrase 'dojść do porozumienia'.

To porozumienie jest korzystne dla obu stron.

This agreement is beneficial for both sides.

Adjective 'korzystne'.

Szukamy płaszczyzny porozumienia.

We are looking for common ground.

Metaphorical use of 'płaszczyzna'.

Rozwiązano umowę za porozumieniem stron.

The contract was terminated by mutual consent.

Fixed legal phrase.

Rząd podpisał porozumienie z rolnikami.

The government signed an agreement with the farmers.

Instrumental case 'rolnikami' after 'z'.

Nie ma szans na porozumienie w obecnej sytuacji.

There is no chance for an agreement in the current situation.

Accusative after 'szansa na'.

Międzynarodowe porozumienie klimatyczne jest zagrożone.

The international climate agreement is at risk.

Compound adjectives.

Trudno o porozumienie, gdy brakuje zaufania.

It is hard to reach an agreement when trust is lacking.

Impersonal 'trudno o'.

Porozumienie to określa warunki współpracy.

This agreement defines the terms of cooperation.

Demonstrative pronoun 'to'.

Należy dążyć do porozumienia ponad podziałami.

One should strive for agreement across divisions.

Formal verb 'dążyć'.

Czy to porozumienie ma moc prawną?

Does this agreement have legal force?

Legal terminology.

Wypracowane porozumienie stanowi fundament przyszłych relacji.

The developed agreement constitutes the foundation of future relations.

Passive participle 'wypracowane'.

Brak porozumienia może skutkować eskalacją napięcia.

A lack of agreement may result in an escalation of tension.

Formal verb 'skutkować'.

Strony zbliżyły się do porozumienia ramowego.

The parties moved closer to a framework agreement.

Specific term 'porozumienie ramowe'.

To porozumienie jest wynikiem żmudnych negocjacji.

This agreement is the result of painstaking negotiations.

Genitive plural 'negocjacji'.

Należy odróżnić porozumienie od zwykłej zgody.

One must distinguish an agreement from simple consent.

Infinitive 'odróżnić'.

Porozumienie zostało ratyfikowane przez parlament.

The agreement was ratified by the parliament.

Passive voice 'zostało ratyfikowane'.

Istnieje milczące porozumienie co do podziału stref wpływów.

There is a tacit agreement regarding the division of spheres of influence.

Adjective 'milczące'.

Dążymy do osiągnięcia pełnego porozumienia.

We are striving to achieve full agreement.

Verbal noun 'osiągnięcia'.

Porozumienie to jest obarczone szeregiem zastrzeżeń.

This agreement is fraught with a number of reservations.

Advanced phrase 'obarczone szeregiem'.

Współczesna dyplomacja opiera się na kruchych porozumieniach.

Modern diplomacy relies on fragile agreements.

Plural locative 'porozumieniach'.

Analiza porozumienia wskazuje na liczne luki prawne.

The analysis of the agreement points to numerous legal loopholes.

Scientific/Legal register.

Czy możliwe jest porozumienie w świecie post-prawdy?

Is an agreement possible in a post-truth world?

Philosophical context.

Porozumienie to wykracza poza ramy dotychczasowej współpracy.

This agreement goes beyond the framework of existing cooperation.

Verb 'wykraczać'.

Naruszenie porozumienia pociągnie za sobą surowe konsekwencje.

Violation of the agreement will entail severe consequences.

Idiomatic 'pociągnąć za sobą'.

Dojście do porozumienia wymagało bezprecedensowych ustępstw.

Reaching an agreement required unprecedented concessions.

Adjective 'bezprecedensowych'.

Porozumienie to stanowi kamień milowy w procesie pokojowym.

This agreement constitutes a milestone in the peace process.

Metaphorical 'kamień milowy'.

類義語

ugoda zgoda umowa układ pakt traktat konsensus zrozumienie

反対語

konflikt spór nieporozumienie rozbieżność

よく使う組み合わせ

osiągnąć porozumienie

zawrzeć porozumienie

podpisać porozumienie

zerwać porozumienie

brak porozumienia

porozumienie pokojowe

porozumienie stron

nić porozumienia

płaszczyzna porozumienia

porozumienie ramowe

よく使うフレーズ

za porozumieniem stron

— By mutual consent, especially in legal/work contexts.

Odeszła z pracy za porozumieniem stron.

dojść do porozumienia

— To reach an agreement after some effort.

W końcu doszliśmy do porozumienia.

brak porozumienia

— A lack of understanding or agreement.

Brak porozumienia jest frustrujący.

punkt porozumienia

— A point of agreement.

To jest nasz główny punkt porozumienia.

szukać porozumienia

— To seek common ground.

Zawsze warto szukać porozumienia.

osiągnąć pełne porozumienie

— To reach a total agreement.

Osiągnęliśmy pełne porozumienie w tej sprawie.

naruszyć porozumienie

— To violate the terms of an agreement.

Naruszenie porozumienia ma konsekwencje.

porozumienie o współpracy

— Cooperation agreement.

Uniwersytety podpisały porozumienie o współpracy.

porozumienie płacowe

— Wage agreement.

Związki zawodowe negocjują porozumienie płacowe.

ponad porozumieniem

— Beyond agreement / transcending it.

To jest coś więcej, ponad prostym porozumieniem.

よく混同される語

porozumienie vs rozumienie

Comprehension vs. Agreement.

porozumienie vs nieporozumienie

Misunderstanding vs. Agreement.

porozumienie vs umowa

Contract vs. Understanding.

慣用句と表現

"znaleźć nić porozumienia"

— To find a small connection or common ground.

Mimo kłótni, znaleźli nić porozumienia.

neutral

"porozumienie bez słów"

— Understanding each other without speaking.

Łączy ich porozumienie bez słów.

literary/romantic

"płaszczyzna porozumienia"

— A common basis for discussion or agreement.

Musimy znaleźć płaszczyznę porozumienia.

formal

"porozumienie dusz"

— A deep, spiritual connection between two people.

To było prawdziwe porozumienie dusz.

poetic

"mieć ciche porozumienie"

— To have a tacit, unspoken agreement.

Mamy ciche porozumienie co do sprzątania.

informal

"grać na porozumienie"

— To act in a way that favors reaching a deal.

Obie strony grają na porozumienie.

journalistic

"porozumienie ponad podziałami"

— An agreement that transcends political or social divisions.

Potrzebujemy porozumienia ponad podziałami.

political

"bariera porozumienia"

— An obstacle to understanding.

Język był główną barierą porozumienia.

neutral

"osiągnąć kompromisowe porozumienie"

— To reach an agreement based on compromise.

To było trudne, kompromisowe porozumienie.

formal

"zerwać wszelkie porozumienie"

— To stop all communication and agreement.

Po tej kłótni zerwali wszelkie porozumienie.

neutral

間違えやすい

porozumienie vs rozumienie

Similar root and sound.

Rozumienie is internal (understanding a text), porozumienie is external/mutual (agreement between people).

Moje rozumienie tekstu jest dobre, ale nasze porozumienie jest słabe.

porozumienie vs zgoda

Both mean agreement.

Zgoda is often simple consent ('yes'); porozumienie implies a negotiated settlement.

Wyraził zgodę, więc mamy porozumienie.

porozumienie vs ugoda

Both involve settling.

Ugoda is specifically a legal compromise to end a dispute.

Sąd zatwierdził ugodę.

porozumienie vs układ

Both mean deal/pact.

Układ is more about the structure of power or a specific pact; sometimes has negative connotations.

Podpisali układ o współpracy.

porozumienie vs pakt

Both mean agreement.

Pakt is very formal and usually international or high-stakes.

Pakt Północnoatlantycki (NATO).

文型パターン

Mamy [adjective] porozumienie.

Mamy dobre porozumienie.

Osiągnęliśmy porozumienie w sprawie [genitive].

Osiągnęliśmy porozumienie w sprawie wakacji.

Nie ma porozumienia między [instrumental] a [instrumental].

Nie ma porozumienia między mną a nim.

Rozwiązano umowę za porozumieniem stron.

Podpisano porozumienie dotyczące [genitive].

Podpisano porozumienie dotyczące handlu.

Brak porozumienia skutkuje [instrumental].

Brak porozumienia skutkuje problemami.

Należy wypracować płaszczyznę porozumienia.

Porozumienie to stanowi kamień milowy w [locative].

Porozumienie to stanowi kamień milowy w dyplomacji.

語族

名詞

rozum (mind)

rozumienie (comprehension)

nieporozumienie (misunderstanding)

rozmówca (interlocutor)

動詞

porozumieć się (to reach an agreement)

porozumiewać się (to communicate/be in the process of reaching an agreement)

rozumieć (to understand)

形容詞

rozumny (rational)

zrozumiały (understandable)

porozumiewawczy (communicative/meaningful - e.g., look)

使い方

frequency

High in formal contexts, medium in daily speech.

よくある間違い

Mamy dobry porozumienie. → Mamy dobre porozumienie.
Porozumienie is neuter, so the adjective must be 'dobre', not 'dobry'.
Moje rozumienie z szefem jest świetne. → Moje porozumienie z szefem jest świetne.
Rozumienie refers to comprehension; porozumienie refers to mutual understanding/agreement.
Osiągnęliśmy porozumienie na ten temat. → Osiągnęliśmy porozumienie w tej sprawie.
While 'na temat' is understood, 'w sprawie' is the more natural and formal preposition with 'porozumienie'.
Oni chcą porozumienie. → Oni chcą porozumienia.
The verb 'chcieć' (to want) often takes the genitive case, especially with abstract nouns like 'porozumienie'.
Dojść do porozumienie. → Dojść do porozumienia.
The preposition 'do' always requires the genitive case.

ヒント

Neuter Endings

Always remember that adjectives describing 'porozumienie' must end in '-e' or '-ie' (e.g., 'nowe porozumienie', 'ostatnie porozumienie'). This is a common mistake for English speakers who forget the neuter gender.

Root Recognition

If you forget the word, think of 'rozum' (mind). An agreement is when two 'rozumy' come together. This will help you recall the word 'porozumienie' more easily in stressful situations.

Legal Context

In a Polish workplace, 'za porozumieniem stron' is your friend. It's the most polite and professional way to talk about leaving a job by mutual choice.

Soft 'n'

The 'ni' in 'porozumienie' is a single soft sound /ɲ/. Don't pronounce it as a hard 'n' followed by an 'i'. It should feel like your tongue is flat against the roof of your mouth.

Verb Pairing

Memorize 'osiągnąć porozumienie' as a single unit. It's much more common than 'zrobić porozumienie' (which is incorrect) or 'mieć porozumienie'.

Agreement vs comprehension

Never use 'porozumienie' for 'reading comprehension'. That is always 'rozumienie'. Use 'porozumienie' only when at least two parties are involved in an accord.

Using 'Między'

When using 'między' (between), remember to use the instrumental case for the people or groups involved. 'Między nami' (between us) or 'między firmami' (between companies).

Formal Reports

In formal writing, use 'zawrzeć porozumienie' instead of 'dogadać się'. It sounds much more professional and authoritative.

Historical Context

Mentioning the 'Porozumienia Sierpniowe' in a conversation about Polish history will show a very high level of cultural knowledge.

The 'Po-' Prefix

The prefix 'po-' often indicates the result of an action. 'Porozumienie' is the result of 'rozumowanie' (reasoning) together.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'PO-ROZUM-IENIE'. 'PO' (after) + 'ROZUM' (mind). After using your minds together, you reach an agreement.

視覚的連想

Two brains with a bridge connecting them, or two people shaking hands over a table with the word 'ROZUM' written on it.

Word Web

rozum rozumieć zrozumienie nieporozumienie porozumieć się umowa zgoda ugoda

チャレンジ

Try to use 'porozumienie' in a sentence about a historical event and then in a sentence about your own life.

語源

Derived from the Old Slavic root 'rozum' (mind, reason, intellect).

元の意味： The state of being of one mind or using reason together.

Slavic (Indo-European).

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities, but in political contexts, it can be a loaded term implying compromise.

While English uses 'agreement' for everything, Polish speakers might switch between 'umowa', 'zgoda', and 'porozumienie' to be more precise.

Porozumienia Sierpniowe (1980) Porozumienie Ponad Podziałami (political slogan) Porozumienie (political party name)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Business

porozumienie handlowe
warunki porozumienia
osiągnąć porozumienie
negocjować porozumienie

Law

za porozumieniem stron
rozwiązanie umowy
moc prawna porozumienia
zawrzeć porozumienie

Politics

porozumienie pokojowe
porozumienie międzynarodowe
brak porozumienia
podpisać porozumienie

Relationships

nić porozumienia
brak porozumienia
szukać porozumienia
dobre porozumienie

Work

porozumienie płacowe
porozumienie zbiorowe
dojść do porozumienia z szefem
porozumienie o współpracy

会話のきっかけ

"Czy uważasz, że łatwo jest osiągnąć porozumienie w dzisiejszych czasach?"

"Kiedy ostatnio musiałeś zawrzeć z kimś ważne porozumienie?"

"Jakie są najważniejsze warunki dobrego porozumienia w pracy?"

"Czy wierzysz w porozumienie bez słów między ludźmi?"

"Co robisz, gdy następuje całkowity brak porozumienia w grupie?"

日記のテーマ

Opisz sytuację, w której osiągnięcie porozumienia było wyjątkowo trudne, ale się udało.

Napisz o historycznym porozumieniu, które Twoim zdaniem zmieniło świat.

Refleksja: Czy porozumienie zawsze wymaga kompromisu, czy może być idealne dla obu stron?

Opisz, jak wyglądałoby idealne porozumienie między ludźmi a naturą.

Zastanów się nad różnicą między 'umową' a 'porozumieniem' w Twoim życiu osobistym.

よくある質問

10 問

An 'umowa' is typically a formal contract, often written and legally binding. 'Porozumienie' is broader, referring to the state of mutual understanding or a negotiated accord that may or may not be a formal contract. For example, you sign an 'umowa o pracę' (job contract), but you reach a 'porozumienie' during a meeting.

No, to say 'I understand', you use the verb 'rozumiem'. 'Porozumienie' is a noun. You could say 'Mamy porozumienie' (We have an agreement), but not 'Mam porozumienie' to mean 'I comprehend'.

Neither, it is neuter. You can tell by the '-e' ending. Therefore, you say 'to porozumienie', 'dobre porozumienie', and 'nasze porozumienie'.

This is a very common legal phrase meaning 'by mutual consent of the parties'. It is most often heard when an employment contract is ended in a way that both the boss and the worker agree to.

The most natural way is 'osiągnąć porozumienie'. You can also say 'dojść do porozumienia'.

Yes, 'nieporozumienie' means a misunderstanding or a minor conflict. If 'porozumienie' is a bridge, 'nieporozumienie' is a gap in the bridge.

Yes, it is very common in diplomacy, such as 'porozumienie klimatyczne' (climate agreement) or 'porozumienie nuklearne' (nuclear deal).

The plural is 'porozumienia'. For example, 'Podpisano dwa porozumienia'.

It is neutral to formal. It is perfectly fine to use in a professional office or in a serious conversation with a friend, but it's more formal than 'zgoda'.

It is a soft 'n' sound followed by a short 'e'. It sounds almost like 'nye' in English 'canyon', but shorter. /ɲɛ/

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