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A2 verb 10分で読める

congratular

練習する例文メモとヒント congratular 30秒で

解説 congratular in your Level:

At the A1 level, you likely won't use the word 'congratular' very often. Instead, you will learn 'Parabéns!', which means 'Congratulations!' or 'Happy Birthday!'. A1 learners focus on basic communication, and 'congratular' is a complex, formal verb. However, it is good to recognize that it exists. You might see it in a very basic reading exercise about a formal event. At this stage, just remember that if you see a word that looks like 'congratulate', it probably means exactly that. You don't need to worry about the reflexive forms or the formal prepositions yet. Just think of it as the 'fancy version' of saying 'Parabéns'. If you are writing a very simple email to a teacher, you might stick to 'Quero dizer parabéns', but if you want to impress them, you could try 'Eu parabenizo você'. 'Congratular' is still a bit too advanced for most A1 conversations, but it's a great 'cognate' (a word that looks like its English equivalent) to have in your vocabulary bank for recognition purposes.

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At the A2 level, you are beginning to expand your vocabulary into more specific areas. You should be able to recognize 'congratular' as a formal way to say 'to congratulate'. You might start to see it in short news clips or formal invitations. At A2, you should learn that it is a regular '-ar' verb, meaning it conjugates like 'falar'. For example: 'Eu congratulo', 'Você congratula', 'Nós congratulamos'. You should also learn that we use the preposition 'por' (for) to say what we are congratulating someone for. Example: 'Eu congratulo você pela sua nota' (I congratulate you for your grade). This is a great level to start noticing the difference between formal and informal language. While you will still use 'Parabéns' with your friends, you might see 'congratular' used by a boss or in a school announcement. It is a 'passive' vocabulary word for you—one you understand when you hear it, even if you don't use it in every conversation.

By the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'congratular' in formal writing, such as professional emails or letters of recommendation. You should understand the reflexive form 'congratular-se'. For example, 'Congratulo-me com o seu sucesso' (I rejoice with your success). This level requires you to understand the nuance of prepositions: 'congratular alguém' (direct object) vs 'congratular-se com alguém' (reflexive with preposition). You should also be able to use it in the past tense (Pretérito Perfeito) to describe a past event: 'Eles me congratularam ontem'. At B1, you are expected to navigate different social registers, so knowing when NOT to use 'congratular' is just as important as knowing when TO use it. You should recognize that it sounds out of place in a casual text message but perfect in a LinkedIn comment or a business report. You will also start to see the noun form 'congratulações', which is the formal plural for 'congratulations'.

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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of 'congratular' and its place in the 'high' register of Portuguese. You should be able to use it fluently in formal debates, presentations, or academic writing. You should also understand the passive voice usage: 'Ele foi congratulado por toda a comunidade científica'. At this level, you should be aware of the subtle differences between 'congratular', 'felicitar', and 'parabenizar'. You might use 'congratular' to express a sense of shared institutional pride. For example, 'A nossa empresa congratula-se pela conquista deste prêmio'. You should also be comfortable with the placement of clitic pronouns (me, te, se, nos, vos) with this verb, especially in formal 'ênclise' (congratulo-o) which is common in European Portuguese and formal Brazilian writing. Your ability to use such a prestige verb correctly will signal to native speakers that you have reached an upper-intermediate level of linguistic competence.

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At the C1 level, you use 'congratular' with precision and stylistic flair. You understand its historical and Latin roots and how it functions in classical literature versus modern legal or diplomatic documents. You can use it in complex sentence structures, such as using the future subjunctive: 'Caso o diretor o congratule, mantenha a humildade'. You are also aware of the 'congratulações' as a formal noun and can use it in the closing of a letter or speech. At this level, you might use the verb to create a specific tone—perhaps a bit distant, highly respectful, or even ironically formal. You understand the collocation 'congratular-se mutuamente' (to congratulate each other) and can use it to describe complex social interactions. Your usage of the verb is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker, and you can explain the subtle shades of meaning it carries compared to its synonyms in various Lusophone cultures (Brazil vs. Portugal vs. Angola).

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At the C2 level, 'congratular' is part of your mastery of the Portuguese language's formal architecture. You can use it in high-stakes environments, such as delivering a keynote speech, writing a legal brief, or drafting a diplomatic communiqué. You understand the most obscure uses of the verb and can appreciate its use in 19th-century literature (like Camilo Castelo Branco) where it might be used in intricate social rituals. You can manipulate the verb's placement and its reflexive forms to achieve specific rhetorical effects. You are also aware of how the frequency of this verb has changed over time and its status as a 'cultismo' (a word of learned origin). At this level, you don't just know what the word means; you know the weight it carries in the history of the language and how to deploy it to command respect and demonstrate total linguistic command.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

congratular 30秒で

Congratular is a formal Portuguese verb meaning 'to congratulate'.
It is primarily used in professional, academic, or official settings.
The verb is regular (-ar) and often appears in its reflexive form 'congratular-se'.
It requires the preposition 'por' (for) or 'com' (with) depending on the structure.

The Portuguese verb congratular is a sophisticated and formal term used to express joy or satisfaction regarding someone's achievement, success, or good fortune. While in everyday spoken Brazilian Portuguese you might more frequently hear the phrase 'dar parabéns' or the verb 'parabenizar', congratular holds a special place in formal correspondence, diplomatic relations, academic ceremonies, and high-level professional settings. It is derived from the Latin 'congratulari', suggesting a communal sense of joy—literally 'to rejoice with someone'.

Formality Level: High. This verb is often reserved for written speeches, official letters, or moments of significant gravity where casual language would be inappropriate.
The Reflexive Nuance: In many instances, Portuguese speakers use the reflexive form 'congratular-se'. This emphasizes that the speaker themselves feels a sense of pride or satisfaction alongside the person being praised.

O diretor fez questão de congratular a equipe pelo excelente desempenho no trimestre.

When you use this word, you are signaling a level of respect and distance that is professional. It is not something you would typically say to a toddler who just finished their vegetables; instead, it is what a Prime Minister says to a Nobel Prize winner. The verb requires the preposition 'por' (for) to indicate the reason for the celebration, or 'com' (with) when used reflexively to indicate the recipient of the shared joy.

Gostaria de me congratular com todos os formandos nesta data tão especial.

In European Portuguese, the usage remains similarly formal, though perhaps slightly more common in traditional social circles than in Brazil. Regardless of the dialect, it implies a certain intellectual or social weight. It is a 'prestige' verb. Understanding its usage helps learners navigate the hierarchy of Portuguese social registers, moving beyond basic communication into the realm of nuanced social interaction.

Prepositional Usage: Congratular alguém POR algo (To congratulate someone FOR something). Congratular-se COM alguém POR algo (To rejoice WITH someone FOR something).

Nós nos congratulamos pela sua vitória nas eleições.

In summary, use 'congratular' when the occasion is grand, the recipient is someone you respect formally, or the medium is a formal written document. It is the linguistic equivalent of wearing a tuxedo or a formal gown: it’s not for every day, but for the right occasion, nothing else fits quite as well.

Using congratular correctly requires attention to verb-object relationships and prepositions. Because it is a transitive verb, it usually takes a direct object (the person being congratulated). However, it is very frequently paired with the reflexive pronoun 'se' to indicate a mutual or personal feeling of congratulation.

Direct Object Pattern: Subject + Congratular + Object + Por + Reason. Example: 'O presidente congratulou o atleta pela medalha.'

Venho por meio desta carta para congratular Vossa Excelência pela nomeação.

The reflexive form 'congratular-se' often takes the preposition 'com' to indicate the party you are rejoicing with. This is a common pattern in diplomatic and high-level business Portuguese. It sounds very elegant and suggests that the speaker is sharing in the joy of the achievement.

A empresa congratulou-se com os acionistas pelos lucros recordes.

In the passive voice, which is also common in formal reports, you might see 'ser congratulado'. For instance, 'O cientista foi congratulado por seus pares'. This shifts the focus to the recipient of the praise. It is essential to remember that 'congratular' is a regular '-ar' verb, so its conjugation follows the standard pattern of verbs like 'falar' or 'estudar', making it relatively easy to conjugate once you master the context.

Tense Usage: In the future tense, it sounds particularly solemn: 'Nós o congratularemos formalmente na cerimônia de amanhã.'

Se você ganhar o prêmio, todos irão congratular você pelo esforço.

One final note on sentence structure: in Brazilian Portuguese, there is a tendency to use the direct object pronoun before the verb in speech ('Eu te congratulo'), while in formal writing and European Portuguese, it often follows the verb ('Congratulo-o'). Given the formal nature of this verb, the latter ('Congratulo-o') is often preferred to maintain the elevated tone of the conversation or document.

Negative Sentences: Even in the negative, it maintains its weight: 'Não podemos deixar de congratular a iniciativa do governo.'

Eles se congratularam mutuamente após a conclusão do tratado de paz.

By mastering these patterns, you can use 'congratular' to sound professional and articulate in any formal Portuguese-speaking environment.

You are unlikely to hear congratular while grabbing a coffee at a padaria or chatting with friends at a bar. Instead, this word lives in the domains of 'Portuguese for Specific Purposes'.

The News and Media: Broadcasters on 'Jornal Nacional' (Brazil) or 'Telejornal' (Portugal) use it when reporting on international relations. 'O Primeiro-Ministro congratulou o novo presidente eleito'.

A imprensa internacional congratulou o país pela organização da Copa do Mundo.

In the corporate world, you will find it in the 'Palavra do Presidente' (CEO's Message) section of annual reports. It is the verb of choice for praising employees or partners in a way that sounds official and permanent. It carries more weight than a simple 'bom trabalho' (good job).

O reitor congratulou os novos doutores por suas teses inovadoras.

Literature and classical cinema also frequently employ this verb. If you are reading a 19th-century novel by Machado de Assis or Eça de Queirós, 'congratular' will appear as the standard way for high-society characters to interact. In modern cinema, it is used to characterize a person as educated, wealthy, or pretentious, depending on the context.

Diplomacy: Official statements from the Itamaraty (Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs) or the Palácio das Necessidades (Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs) are filled with this verb.

O embaixador congratulou-se com a nação vizinha pelo acordo de cooperação.

Finally, you might see it in formal LinkedIn posts or professional announcements. When a company wins an award, the official post will often say 'Nos congratulamos por esta conquista'. It serves to elevate the brand's voice. Understanding where to hear it helps you tune your ears to the 'prestige' register of Portuguese, which is vital for anyone looking to work or study at a high level in Lusophone countries.

É um prazer congratular os pesquisadores pelo avanço na cura da doença.

In summary: News, Business Reports, Diplomacy, Graduation Ceremonies, and Classical Literature are the primary habitats of this word.

Even for native speakers, congratular can sometimes be tricky due to its formal requirements and specific prepositional needs. The most common mistake is using it in the wrong social context, but grammatical errors are also frequent.

Register Mismatch: Using 'congratular' with close friends or family in an informal setting. It sounds stiff and can even come across as sarcastic if the tone isn't carefully managed.

Mistake: 'Mãe, eu te congratulo pelo jantar!' (Too formal for dinner with mom).
Correct: 'Mãe, parabéns pelo jantar! Estava ótimo.'

Another frequent error involves the prepositions. Many learners try to use 'de' because they translate directly from the idea of 'congratulating OF'. In Portuguese, you congratulate someone POR something. The 'por' indicates the cause or reason for the congratulation.

Mistake: 'Congratulo você de sua promoção.'
Correct: 'Congratulo você pela sua promoção.'

The reflexive form 'congratular-se' is often confused with the simple transitive form. Remember: if you use 'se', you are saying 'I rejoice with'. If you don't use 'se', you are simply praising someone else. Mixing these up can change the subtle meaning of the sentence from 'I am praising you' to 'I am sharing this joy with you'.

Pronoun Placement: In formal writing, the pronoun should ideally come after the verb (enclisis), e.g., 'Congratulo-o'. Putting it before (proclisis) like 'Te congratulo' is common in speech but technically less formal.

Correto: 'Congratulamo-nos com a vitória'. Incorreto: 'Congratulamos com a vitória' (missing the reflexive pronoun).

Lastly, learners often confuse 'congratular' with 'felicitar'. While they are synonyms, 'felicitar' is slightly more common for personal events like birthdays or weddings, whereas 'congratular' is strictly for achievements and successes. Don't use 'congratular' for a happy birthday unless you want to sound like a 19th-century aristocrat!

Todos se congratularam pelo sucesso do projeto, evitando o erro de omitir o pronome reflexivo.

Paying attention to these nuances will ensure your Portuguese sounds polished and appropriate for the context.

Portuguese has several ways to express congratulations, and choosing the right one depends entirely on the situation. Here is how congratular compares to its closest relatives.

Parabenizar: This is the most common verb in Brazil for 'to congratulate'. It is neutral-to-informal. You use it for birthdays, promotions, or any good news. 'Eu te parabenizo pelo seu aniversário'.
Felicitar: Slightly more formal than 'parabenizar', but less formal than 'congratular'. It is very common in European Portuguese. It literally means 'to make happy' or 'to wish happiness'.

Enquanto congratular é para grandes feitos, 'felicitar' é perfeito para um cartão de casamento.

In very informal settings, the noun 'parabéns' is used as an interjection. You don't even need a verb. 'Parabéns pela casa nova!' is much more natural than saying 'Eu te congratulo pela casa nova'.

O governador preferiu congratular o herói em público em vez de apenas felicitá-lo em particular.

Another alternative is 'elogiar' (to praise/compliment). While not a direct synonym for congratulating, it is often used in similar contexts. However, 'elogiar' focuses on the person's qualities, whereas 'congratular' focuses on the specific event or achievement.

Saudar: Meaning 'to greet' or 'to hail'. It is used in very formal contexts to acknowledge a person's presence or a new development. 'Saudamos a chegada do novo diretor'.

Não confunda congratular com 'comemorar'. Comemorar is 'to celebrate' (the party), while congratular is the act of expressing praise.

For the learner, the takeaway is: use 'congratular' for business, law, and diplomacy; use 'parabenizar' for birthdays and friends; and use 'felicitar' when you want to sound a bit more sophisticated in a social letter.

Podemos congratular os vencedores, mas vamos 'comemorar' a vitória no restaurante.

Choosing the right synonym shows a deep understanding of the 'flavor' of the Portuguese language.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The root 'grat-' is the same found in 'grátis' (free/thanks) and 'gratitude'. In ancient times, congratulating someone was seen as a way of giving thanks to the gods for that person's success.

発音ガイド

UK /kõ.ɡɾɐ.tu.ˈlaɾ/

US /kõ.ɡɾa.tu.ˈlaʁ/

The stress is on the last syllable: '-lar'.

韻が合う語

falar cantar estudar amar andar olhar chegar pensar

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'con-' like English 'con' (it should be nasalized Portuguese 'cõ').
Stressing the second-to-last syllable (con-gra-TU-lar) instead of the last.
Failing to pronounce the 'u' clearly in the middle.
Using an English 'r' sound instead of a Portuguese 'r'.
Missing the nasalization of the first vowel.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize because it is a cognate of 'congratulate'.

ライティング 4/5

Difficult to use the correct formal prepositions and reflexive forms.

スピーキング 5/5

Hard to use naturally without sounding overly stiff or pretentious.

リスニング 3/5

Easy to understand in news or speeches if you know the English word.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

falar parabéns por com sucesso

次に学ぶ

felicitar solenidade mérito excelência protocolo

上級

mesóclise pronome oblíquo regência verbal cultismo

知っておくべき文法

Verbal Regimen (Regência)

Congratular exige a preposição 'por' para o motivo.

Reflexive Pronouns

Eu ME congratulo, Tu TE congratulas, Ele SE congratula.

Direct Object Pronouns

Eu O congratulo (I congratulate him).

Enclisis in Formal Writing

Congratulo-o (Correct formal) vs Te congratulo (Informal).

Contractions

Por + o = Pelo; Por + a = Pela.

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レベル別の例文

Eu digo parabéns para você.

I say congratulations to you.

A1 uses 'parabéns' instead of the verb 'congratular'.

Parabéns pelo seu dia!

Congratulations on your day!

Common informal greeting.

O professor diz parabéns.

The teacher says congratulations.

Simple subject-verb-object.

Parabéns pelo trabalho.

Congratulations on the work.

'Pelo' is 'por + o'.

Eu quero parabenizar você.

I want to congratulate you.

'Parabenizar' is the common A1/A2 verb.

Parabéns pela vitória!

Congratulations on the victory!

'Pela' is 'por + a'.

Ela dá parabéns ao amigo.

She gives congratulations to the friend.

Uses the verb 'dar' (to give).

Nós dizemos parabéns juntos.

We say congratulations together.

Plural subject 'nós'.

Eu congratulo você pelo prêmio.

I congratulate you for the prize.

First person singular present tense.

O chefe congratula a equipe.

The boss congratulates the team.

Third person singular present tense.

Nós o congratulamos hoje.

We congratulate him today.

Direct object pronoun 'o'.

Eles congratulam o vencedor.

They congratulate the winner.

Third person plural present tense.

Você me congratula por isso?

Do you congratulate me for this?

Interrogative sentence.

Ela congratula o filho pela nota.

She congratulates the son for the grade.

Preposition 'pela' (por + a).

Congratulamos os novos alunos.

We congratulate the new students.

First person plural.

Eu vou congratular meu colega.

I am going to congratulate my colleague.

Future with 'ir' + infinitive.

Eu me congratulo com você pelo sucesso.

I congratulate myself (rejoice) with you for the success.

Reflexive use 'congratular-se com'.

O diretor congratulou-os formalmente.

The director congratulated them formally.

Past tense with enclisis pronoun.

É importante congratular os esforços de todos.

It is important to congratulate everyone's efforts.

Infinitive after 'importante'.

Nós nos congratulamos pela nova parceria.

We congratulate ourselves for the new partnership.

Reflexive 'nos congratulamos'.

Eles se congratularam após a reunião.

They congratulated each other after the meeting.

Reciprocal reflexive use.

Gostaria de congratular a sua iniciativa.

I would like to congratulate your initiative.

Conditional 'gostaria' + infinitive.

A empresa congratula os funcionários do mês.

The company congratulates the employees of the month.

Formal corporate context.

Sempre congratulamos quem trabalha bem.

We always congratulate those who work well.

Adverb 'sempre' placement.

O país congratulou-se com a eleição do novo líder.

The country rejoiced with the election of the new leader.

Reflexive form used for a collective entity.

Congratulamo-nos por ver tamanha dedicação.

We rejoice to see such dedication.

Formal first-person plural reflexive.

O autor foi congratulado pela crítica literária.

The author was congratulated by the literary critics.

Passive voice 'foi congratulado'.

Não hesitarei em congratular o vencedor.

I will not hesitate to congratulate the winner.

Future tense 'hesitarei'.

Congratulamos a instituição por seus cem anos.

We congratulate the institution for its hundred years.

Formal anniversary context.

A reitoria congratula os formandos pela conquista.

The dean's office congratulates the graduates for the achievement.

Academic register.

Ele se congratula com o progresso da ciência.

He rejoices with the progress of science.

Reflexive with abstract object.

Eles congratularam a coragem do jovem.

They congratulated the young man's courage.

Congratulating a quality/virtue.

Congratulo-o vivamente pela brilhante tese apresentada.

I congratulate you warmly for the brilliant thesis presented.

Enclisis with adverb 'vivamente'.

A nação congratula-se com a assinatura do tratado.

The nation rejoices with the signing of the treaty.

Diplomatic register.

Permita-me congratular Vossa Excelência por este marco.

Allow me to congratulate Your Excellency for this milestone.

Highly formal address 'Vossa Excelência'.

Congratulamo-nos mutuamente pela resiliência demonstrada.

We congratulate each other for the resilience shown.

Reciprocal reflexive 'mutuamente'.

O orador congratulou a plateia pelo interesse no tema.

The speaker congratulated the audience for the interest in the topic.

Formal public speaking.

Seria um erro não congratular tal avanço tecnológico.

It would be an error not to congratulate such technological advancement.

Conditional mood 'seria'.

Congratulo-me por fazer parte desta jornada.

I rejoice to be part of this journey.

Reflexive 'congratulo-me' + 'por'.

A crítica não poupou elogios ao congratular o diretor.

The critics spared no praise when congratulating the director.

Idiomatic expression 'não poupou elogios'.

Apraz-me congratular esta ilustre assembleia pelos resultados.

It pleases me to congratulate this illustrious assembly for the results.

Archaic/Highly formal 'Apraz-me'.

Congratular-se-ão os vencedores quando a poeira baixar.

The winners will congratulate themselves once the dust settles.

Mesoclisis 'Congratular-se-ão' (Future tense).

Insta congratular a pertinácia dos que não desistiram.

It is urgent to congratulate the pertinacity of those who did not give up.

Formal verb 'Insta' (It is necessary/urgent).

O texto congratula a sobriedade da análise econômica.

The text congratulates the sobriety of the economic analysis.

Abstract subject 'O texto'.

Ninguém ousaria deixar de congratular o monarca.

No one would dare fail to congratulate the monarch.

Modal verb 'ousaria'.

Congratulo-me com a vossa magnanimidade.

I rejoice with your magnanimity.

Formal possessive 'vossa'.

As partes congratularam-se pela lhaneza do debate.

The parties congratulated each other on the frankness of the debate.

Rare word 'lhaneza' (frankness/sincerity).

Cumpre-me o dever de congratular o novo embaixador.

It is my duty to congratulate the new ambassador.

Fixed formal expression 'Cumpre-me o dever'.

類義語

parabenizar felicitar saudar elogiar louvar enaltecer glorificar aclamar

反対語

criticar censurar lamentar condenar

よく使う組み合わせ

Congratular vivamente

Congratular formalmente

Congratular pela vitória

Congratular-se com

Congratular o esforço

Congratular a iniciativa

Ter o prazer de congratular

Congratular mutuamente

Congratular pela promoção

Congratular os vencedores

よく使うフレーズ

Congratulo-o pelo sucesso.

— I congratulate you on your success. A standard formal sentence.

Caro colega, congratulo-o pelo sucesso no novo projeto.

Meus sinceros congratulamentos.

— My sincere congratulations. Used as a formal noun phrase.

Aceite os meus sinceros congratulamentos pela sua formatura.

Congratulamo-nos com a notícia.

— We rejoice with the news. Indicates shared happiness.

Congratulamo-nos com a notícia da sua recuperação.

Venho congratular...

— I come to congratulate... Standard opening for a formal speech.

Venho congratular todos os presentes pelo empenho.

Gostaria de o congratular.

— I would like to congratulate you. Polite and professional.

Gostaria de o congratular pessoalmente amanhã.

Congratular por escrito.

— To congratulate in writing. Refers to a formal letter.

O presidente decidiu congratular o autor por escrito.

É justo congratular.

— It is fair to congratulate. Used to emphasize deserved praise.

É justo congratular quem se esforçou tanto.

Congratular a coragem.

— To congratulate the courage. Praising a specific virtue.

O povo deve congratular a coragem dos bombeiros.

Congratular o desempenho.

— To congratulate the performance. Common in business appraisals.

A gerência quer congratular o seu desempenho este mês.

Congratular-se pelo feito.

— To rejoice for the feat/achievement. Formal reflexive use.

A nação congratulou-se pelo feito histórico.

よく混同される語

congratular vs Comemorar

Comemorar means 'to celebrate' (the party/event), while congratular is the 'act of praising'.

congratular vs Elogiar

Elogiar is 'to compliment' a trait; congratular is 'to congratulate' an achievement.

congratular vs Agradecer

Agradecer is 'to thank'; congratular is 'to praise success'.

慣用句と表現

"Congratular-se com os seus botões"

— To be quietly pleased with oneself. A humorous extension of the reflexive form.

Ele congratulou-se com os seus botões após a piada.

Informal/Humorous

"Rasgar elogios"

— To praise someone profusely. While not using the word 'congratular', it is a related idiom for high praise.

O crítico rasgou elogios ao novo filme.

Colloquial

"Dar os parabéns"

— The standard idiom for 'to congratulate' in daily life.

Vou lá dar os parabéns para a Maria.

Neutral

"Fazer as honras"

— To do the honors, often including congratulating guests.

O anfitrião fez as honras e congratulou os convidados.

Formal

"Cair nas graças"

— To find favor with someone, often leading to being congratulated.

O estagiário caiu nas graças do diretor.

Colloquial

"Bater palmas"

— To clap, often used figuratively to mean 'to congratulate'.

Temos que bater palmas para essa atitude.

Informal

"Tirar o chapéu"

— To take one's hat off to someone (to respect/congratulate).

Eu tiro o chapéu para o seu trabalho.

Informal

"Vestir a camisa"

— To be dedicated, often a reason to be 'congratulado'.

Ele vestiu a camisa e foi congratulado pela chefia.

Colloquial

"Estar de parabéns"

— To deserve congratulations (To be 'of congratulations').

Você está de parabéns pelo resultado!

Neutral

"Ficar lisonjeado"

— To be flattered (the typical response to being congratulated).

Fiquei lisonjeado quando o professor me congratulou.

Formal

間違えやすい

congratular vs Parabenizar

Both mean to congratulate.

Parabenizar is common and neutral; Congratular is formal and official.

Eu te parabenizo pelo niver. / Eu o congratulo pela posse.

congratular vs Felicitar

Both are more formal than parabenizar.

Felicitar is often used for social joy (weddings); Congratular is for merit/success.

Felicitei os noivos. / Congratulei o vencedor.

congratular vs Saudar

Both used in formal speeches.

Saudar is 'to greet' or 'hail'; Congratular is specifically for success.

Saudamos o novo ano. / Congratulamos o novo recorde.

congratular vs Louvar

Both involve praise.

Louvar has a moral or spiritual weight; Congratular is social/professional.

Louvamos a Deus. / Congratulamos o cientista.

congratular vs Gratular

Archaic form.

Gratular is almost never used in modern Portuguese; use Congratular.

N/A (Archaic)

文型パターン

Eu congratulo [Pessoa] por [Algo].

Eu congratulo você pela nota.

Gostaria de congratular [Pessoa] pelo [Sucesso].

Gostaria de congratular Maria pelo sucesso.

Nós nos congratulamos com [Pessoa].

Nós nos congratulamos com o diretor.

[Pessoa] foi congratulado por [Agente].

O autor foi congratulado pela crítica.

Congratulo-o vivamente por [Causa].

Congratulo-o vivamente por sua dedicação.

Permita-me congratulá-lo por [Evento].

Permita-me congratulá-lo por este prêmio.

Congratular-se-ão os [Sujeito] por [Feito].

Congratular-se-ão os heróis pelo feito.

Insta congratular a [Qualidade].

Insta congratular a coragem de todos.

語族

名詞

congratulação (congratulation)

congratulamento (the act of congratulating)

parabéns (informal congratulations)

動詞

congratular (to congratulate)

congratular-se (to rejoice/congratulate oneself)

parabenizar (to congratulate - neutral)

形容詞

congratulatório (congratulatory)

congratulado (congratulated)

congratulante (one who congratulates)

使い方

frequency

Low in speech, High in formal writing.

よくある間違い

Eu congratulo você de sua vitória. → Eu congratulo você pela sua vitória.
In Portuguese, the preposition is 'por', not 'de'.
Congratulo meu amigo pelo aniversário. → Parabenizo meu amigo pelo aniversário.
Congratular is too formal for a friend's birthday.
Nós congratulamos com o sucesso. → Nós nos congratulamos com o sucesso.
When using 'com', the verb must be reflexive ('nos').
Te congratulo, senhor Diretor. → Congratulo-o, senhor Diretor.
In formal address, use 'o' after the verb instead of 'te' before.
Eu congratulo o evento. → Eu congratulo você pelo evento.
You congratulate a person for an event, not the event itself.

ヒント

Use in Emails

When writing a professional email to a superior, 'congratular' is the perfect verb to show respect.

Preposition 'Por'

Always remember that 'por' contracts with articles: pelo, pela, pelos, pelas.

Context Matters

Only use this word if the person you are talking to is wearing a suit, or if the situation is official.

Pair with Adverbs

Words like 'vivamente' (warmly) or 'sinceramente' (sincerely) go very well with this verb.

Noun Alternative

If the verb feels too heavy, use the noun: 'Aceite minhas congratulações'.

News Keywords

When you hear 'congratulou' on the news, listen for the names of world leaders that follow.

Pronunciation

Make sure the 'lar' at the end is the strongest part of the word.

Theses and Papers

Use this verb in the 'Agradecimentos' section of your academic work.

Shared Joy

Use 'congratular-se com' to show you are happy *alongside* the person.

Latin Roots

Remember the 'con' means 'together'. You are rejoicing *together*.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'CON' (with) + 'GRAT' (great/gratitude). You are with someone feeling great gratitude for their success.

視覚的連想

Imagine a diplomat in a tuxedo shaking hands with a king while holding a formal scroll.

Word Web

Sucesso Prêmio Diploma Vitória Formalidade Respeito Discurso Carta

チャレンジ

Write a three-sentence formal email to a fictional boss using 'congratular' and the preposition 'pela'.

語源

From the Latin 'congratulari', which is composed of 'com-' (together) and 'gratulari' (to show joy, to give thanks).

元の意味： To rejoice with another person or to show collective gratitude.

Romance (Latin root).

文化的な背景

Never use it sarcastically unless you are very fluent, as it can sound very biting.

Equivalent to the highest level of 'I wish to extend my congratulations'.

Machado de Assis often used it in his chronicles of Rio's high society. Official government gazettes (Diário Oficial) use it daily. Nobel Prize acceptance speeches in Portuguese.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Professional Promotion

Congratulo-o pela promoção.
A empresa congratula seu esforço.
É um prazer congratulá-lo.
Receba minhas congratulações.

Academic Achievement

Congratulamos os formandos.
Pela tese, eu o congratulo.
A banca congratulou o aluno.
Congratulações pelo diploma.

Diplomacy/Politics

O governo congratula o país vizinho.
Congratulamo-nos com a paz.
O embaixador foi congratulado.
Congratular a eleição.

Formal Awards

Congratulamos os vencedores.
O júri congratula a obra.
Vim para congratular o artista.
Todos o congratularam pelo prêmio.

Institutional Milestones

A instituição se congratula pelos 50 anos.
Congratulamos os fundadores.
É hora de congratular o legado.
Nos congratulamos por esta data.

会話のきっかけ

"Gostaria de congratular você pelo sucesso na apresentação de hoje."

"Podemos nos congratular pelo excelente trabalho em equipe?"

"Você já teve a oportunidade de congratular o novo gerente?"

"Como você prefere ser congratulado: em público ou em particular?"

"Eu vi a notícia e não pude deixar de vir te congratular."

日記のテーマ

Escreva sobre um momento em que você foi congratulado formalmente por algo importante.

Se você ganhasse um prêmio Nobel, quem você gostaria que o congratulasse primeiro?

Descreva a diferença de sentimento entre receber um 'Parabéns' e ser 'congratulado'.

Escreva uma carta formal para congratular um autor que você admira muito.

Por que é importante congratular as pessoas por seus esforços, e não apenas pelos resultados?

よくある質問

10 問

Technically yes, but it sounds extremely formal and unnatural. It is better to use 'Parabéns!' or 'Parabenizar'. Using 'congratular' for a birthday is like wearing a tuxedo to a backyard BBQ.

It is always 'congratular por'. For example, 'Congratulo você pela (por+a) vitória'. Using 'de' is a common mistake for English speakers.

The meaning is the same, but in Portugal, the 'ênclise' (congratulo-o) is more common, while in Brazil, 'proclise' (te congratulo) is common in speech, though 'ênclise' remains the rule for formal writing.

Yes, especially in institutional contexts. 'A empresa congratula-se...' means the company is expressing its own joy or satisfaction regarding an event.

Yes, 'congratulação' (singular) or 'congratulações' (plural). 'Minhas congratulações!' is a very formal way to say 'My congratulations!'

It is a regular verb: eu congratulei, você congratulou, nós congratulamos, eles congratularam.

Yes, 'Eu me congratulo por ter terminado o livro' means 'I congratulate myself for finishing the book'.

Much more common in writing, speeches, and formal announcements. It is rarely heard in casual daily conversation.

In Brazil, 'parabenizar'. In Portugal, 'felicitar' is also very common.

No, it is purely positive, though it can be used ironically to mock someone's 'achievement' if the tone is sarcastic.

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