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A2 noun #1,500 よく出る 7分で読める

em vez de

上位1,500

At the A1 level, 'em vez de' is a useful tool for basic decision-making. Imagine you are at a market and want to swap one fruit for another. You can say 'Maçã em vez de laranja'. It helps you express simple preferences. At this stage, don't worry too much about complex grammar; just focus on the 'X em vez de Y' pattern. It's like saying 'X instead of Y'. You might use it to change an order at a restaurant or to choose a color for a shirt. It is one of the first 'connector' phrases you learn to make your sentences more than just single words.

At the A2 level, you start using 'em vez de' with verbs. For example, 'Em vez de comer carne, eu como peixe'. Notice that the verb 'comer' is in the infinitive. This is a big step up from A1. You also need to start noticing the contractions: 'em vez do' (de + o) and 'em vez da' (de + a). You can use this phrase to describe your daily routine or to explain why you made a certain choice. It helps you provide more detail in your conversations, allowing you to compare two different actions or things easily.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'em vez de' in more complex sentences, including those with personal infinitives if necessary. You start to distinguish between 'em vez de' (substitution) and 'ao invés de' (opposition). You might use it in writing to compare different viewpoints or in professional settings to suggest alternatives. For example: 'Em vez de focarmos no problema, devemos focar na solução.' Your use of the phrase becomes more fluid, and you can place it at the beginning of sentences with proper punctuation to vary your writing style.

At the B2 level, you use 'em vez de' to express nuance and rhetorical contrast. You understand its role in formal texts and can use it to build persuasive arguments. You are fully aware of the prescriptive rule regarding 'ao invés de' and use both correctly. You might use 'em vez de' to describe hypothetical situations or complex social changes. For instance: 'Em vez de as empresas investirem apenas em lucro, elas deveriam focar na sustentabilidade.' Here, the use of the personal infinitive ('investirem') shows a higher level of grammatical control.

At the C1 level, 'em vez de' is used with precision in academic and literary contexts. You can manipulate the phrase to create specific stylistic effects. You might explore its synonyms like 'em detrimento de' to add variety to your vocabulary. You understand the historical development of the phrase and can identify its use in classical Portuguese literature. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, and you can use it to handle complex, abstract topics where substitution is not just about physical objects but about ideologies or philosophical concepts.

At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'em vez de'. You can use it in highly sophisticated ways, perhaps even playing with the phrase in creative writing or complex legal drafting. You are aware of the most subtle distinctions between this and all its synonyms. You can use it to express irony, sarcasm, or profound philosophical shifts. It is no longer a 'rule' you follow but a tool you wield with complete flexibility to express the finest shades of meaning in the Portuguese language.

練習する例文メモとヒント

em vez de 30秒で

Expresses substitution or choice between two things.
Works with nouns, pronouns, and infinitive verbs.
Requires contraction with articles (do, da, dos, das).
Universal alternative to 'ao invés de' for all substitution contexts.

The Portuguese locution em vez de is a fundamental building block for expressing substitution and choice. At its core, it translates to 'instead of' or 'in place of' in English. This phrase is used to indicate that one action, object, or person is being substituted for another. In the hierarchy of Portuguese connectors, it is one of the most versatile because it can be followed by nouns, pronouns, or verbs in the personal or impersonal infinitive. Linguistically, it functions as a prepositional phrase (locução prepositiva). While often confused with 'ao invés de', which strictly implies opposition (like 'on the contrary'), 'em vez de' is the broader, more common term used for simple substitution. For a learner at the A2 level, mastering this phrase allows for the expression of preferences and the description of changes in plans, which are essential for daily conversation and survival Portuguese.

Core Concept: Substitution of one element for another within a specific context.
Grammatical Category: Prepositional locution (Locução prepositiva).

Eu vou comprar maçãs em vez de laranjas.

To understand the depth of this phrase, one must look at its components. 'Em' (in), 'vez' (time/turn/instance), and 'de' (of). Literally, it suggests 'in the turn of', implying that one thing is taking the turn or the place that was originally intended for something else. This logic helps learners remember that it is about replacement. Whether you are at a restaurant deciding on a side dish or at work discussing a change in strategy, this phrase provides the necessary linguistic bridge to explain alternatives. It is a neutral phrase, suitable for both formal writing and informal speech, making it a high-frequency item in the Portuguese lexicon.

Vamos caminhar em vez de ir de carro.

Using em vez de requires understanding what follows the preposition 'de'. The most common structures involve nouns, pronouns, or verbs. When followed by a verb, the verb must remain in the infinitive form. This is a common point of confusion for English speakers who might want to use a gerund (e.g., 'instead of going' becomes 'em vez de ir'). In Portuguese, the infinitive is the standard. Furthermore, when 'de' is followed by a definite article (o, a, os, as), it contracts to form 'do', 'da', 'dos', or 'das'. For example, 'em vez do (de + o) professor'. This contraction is mandatory in standard Portuguese and is a key marker of fluency even at the A2 level.

With Nouns: Em vez de café, prefiro chá. (Instead of coffee, I prefer tea.)
With Verbs: Em vez de estudar, ele dormiu. (Instead of studying, he slept.)

Tente sorrir em vez de chorar.

Another important aspect is the placement within a sentence. It can appear at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize the alternative being rejected, or in the middle to connect two ideas. When placed at the beginning, it is often followed by a comma after the first clause to improve readability. For instance: 'Em vez de sair, ficamos em casa.' This flexibility allows speakers to frame their thoughts based on what they want to highlight—the rejected option or the chosen one. Advanced users might also use the personal infinitive after 'de' if the subjects of the two clauses are different, though this is less common at the A2 level and usually simplified.

Ele escolheu a porta azul em vez da vermelha.

You will encounter em vez de in almost every facet of Lusophone life. In a domestic setting, parents might use it when offering choices to children: 'Queres leite em vez de sumo?' In professional environments, it is used to discuss alternatives in projects: 'Podemos usar este software em vez do outro.' It is also extremely common in news reporting and academic writing to compare data or historical events. Because it is a neutral and clear way to express substitution, it lacks the specific 'flavor' of slang, making it a safe and effective tool for learners in any social situation, from a formal business meeting in Lisbon to a casual beach hangout in Rio de Janeiro.

O treinador colocou o reserva em vez do titular.

In literature and music, 'em vez de' is used to create contrast and emotional depth. Songwriters often use it to express regret or a desire for a different reality. For example, a lyric might say 'Em vez de palavras, queria o teu silêncio' (Instead of words, I wanted your silence). This usage highlights the emotional weight that substitution can carry. In daily media, you'll see it in headlines like 'Governo investe em educação em vez de armas' (Government invests in education instead of weapons). This demonstrates its utility in framing political and social debates by contrasting two distinct paths or priorities.

Leia um livro em vez de ver televisão.

The most frequent mistake learners make with em vez de is confusing it with ao invés de. While many native speakers use them interchangeably in casual speech, there is a prescriptive grammatical difference. 'Ao invés de' should strictly be used for opposites (e.g., up vs. down, hot vs. cold). 'Em vez de' is the 'universal' version that covers both opposites and simple substitutions. Therefore, the safest bet for a learner is to always use 'em vez de'. Another common error is failing to contract the preposition 'de' with the following article. Saying 'em vez de o carro' sounds unnatural; it must be 'em vez do carro'.

Mistake 1: Using 'ao invés de' for simple choices like 'apple vs orange'.
Mistake 2: Forgetting the infinitive verb form (e.g., using 'em vez de indo' instead of 'em vez de ir').

Errado: Em vez de o João. Correto: Em vez do João.

Additionally, English speakers often struggle with the word order. In English, we might say 'I'll take the bus instead.' In Portuguese, you cannot just say 'em vez de' at the end of a sentence without an object. You would need to say 'em vez disso' (instead of that) or 'em seu lugar' (in its place). Understanding that 'em vez de' requires a complement is crucial for building grammatically complete sentences. Lastly, ensure that the 'de' is always present; 'em vez o café' is a common omission that immediately marks a speaker as a beginner.

There are several ways to express substitution in Portuguese, each with a slightly different nuance. The most direct synonym is em lugar de, which is slightly more formal but carries the exact same meaning. Then there is the aforementioned ao invés de, which specifically denotes opposition. For example, 'ao invés de subir, ele desceu' (instead of going up, he went down). Another useful phrase is em substituição a, which is very formal and often found in legal or technical documents. Understanding these nuances helps a learner transition from A2 to B1 and beyond.

Em lugar de: Literal: 'In place of'. Very common and interchangeable with 'em vez de'.
Ao invés de: Used for opposites (e.g., hot/cold, yes/no).
Senão: Can mean 'otherwise' or 'except', providing a different way to frame alternatives.

Ele usou mel em lugar de açúcar.

For learners, the distinction between 'em vez de' and 'ao invés de' is the most academically significant, even if colloquial speech blurs the lines. If you are taking a formal Portuguese exam (like the CAPLE), knowing that 'ao invés de' is for opposites and 'em vez de' is for general substitution is vital. However, in daily life, 'em vez de' is your Swiss Army knife—it works for everything. Another related structure is the use of 'antes' in some contexts, such as 'Prefiro morrer antes de me render', though this is more about temporal preference than direct substitution.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

カジュアル

難易度

知っておくべき文法

レベル別の例文

Eu quero água em vez de sumo.

I want water instead of juice.

Simple substitution of two nouns.

Café em vez de chá, por favor.

Coffee instead of tea, please.

Common request format.

Ela comprou a saia azul em vez da verde.

She bought the blue skirt instead of the green one.

Note the contraction 'da' (de + a).

Vamos hoje em vez de amanhã?

Shall we go today instead of tomorrow?

Substitution of time adverbs.

Eu uso o lápis em vez da caneta.

I use the pencil instead of the pen.

Simple tool substitution.

Pão em vez de bolo.

Bread instead of cake.

Basic noun comparison.

Caminhar em vez de correr.

Walking instead of running.

Substitution of two infinitive verbs.

O gato em vez do cão.

The cat instead of the dog.

Contraction 'do' (de + o).

Em vez de estudar, ele foi ao cinema.

Instead of studying, he went to the cinema.

Using 'em vez de' with an infinitive verb.

Podemos comer pizza em vez de massa.

We can eat pizza instead of pasta.

Expressing a choice between two options.

Eu bebo leite em vez de iogurte no pequeno-almoço.

I drink milk instead of yogurt for breakfast.

Describing a routine choice.

Ele fala português em vez de inglês em casa.

He speaks Portuguese instead of English at home.

Language substitution.

Em vez de comprar um carro, ela comprou uma mota.

Instead of buying a car, she bought a motorcycle.

Contrast between two past actions.

Você prefere trabalhar em vez de descansar?

Do you prefer to work instead of resting?

Questioning preferences.

Eles viajam de comboio em vez de avião.

They travel by train instead of plane.

Means of transport substitution.

Use o sal em vez do açúcar.

Use salt instead of sugar.

Imperative usage with contractions.

Em vez de reclamar, tente ajudar a resolver o problema.

Instead of complaining, try to help solve the problem.

Constructive advice using infinitive verbs.

Muitas pessoas preferem o teletrabalho em vez do trabalho presencial.

Many people prefer remote work instead of in-person work.

Discussing modern trends.

Em vez de gastar dinheiro, ele decidiu poupar para a viagem.

Instead of spending money, he decided to save for the trip.

Financial decisions.

O autor usa metáforas em vez de descrições diretas.

The author uses metaphors instead of direct descriptions.

Literary analysis.

Em vez de ficarmos aqui, vamos dar um passeio?

Instead of staying here, shall we go for a walk?

Suggestion with 'ficarmos' (personal infinitive).

Ele escolheu a medicina em vez da engenharia.

He chose medicine instead of engineering.

Career choices.

Em vez de ser um problema, isto é uma oportunidade.

Instead of being a problem, this is an opportunity.

Reframing a situation.

Ela enviou um e-mail em vez de telefonar.

She sent an email instead of calling.

Communication methods.

Em vez de as crianças ficarem em casa, elas deveriam brincar ao ar livre.

Instead of the children staying at home, they should play outdoors.

Personal infinitive 'ficarem' with a specific subject.

O governo optou por reduzir impostos em vez de aumentar o gasto público.

The government opted to reduce taxes instead of increasing public spending.

Political/Economic context.

Em vez de se focar no passado, ela olha para o futuro com otimismo.

Instead of focusing on the past, she looks to the future with optimism.

Reflexive verb usage.

Muitos jovens preferem o streaming em vez da televisão tradicional.

Many young people prefer streaming instead of traditional television.

Cultural shifts.

Em vez de aceitar a derrota, a equipa lutou até ao fim.

Instead of accepting defeat, the team fought until the end.

Resilience and contrast.

O cientista utilizou uma nova fórmula em vez da convencional.

The scientist used a new formula instead of the conventional one.

Technical/Scientific substitution.

Em vez de criticar, por que não propõe uma alternativa?

Instead of criticizing, why don't you propose an alternative?

Rhetorical question.

Ela decidiu investir em ações em vez de imóveis.

She decided to invest in stocks instead of real estate.

Investment choices.

Em vez de sucumbir à pressão, o líder manteve a calma e a lucidez.

Instead of succumbing to pressure, the leader remained calm and lucid.

High-level vocabulary (sucumbir, lucidez).

A empresa adotou uma postura proativa em vez de meramente reativa.

The company adopted a proactive stance instead of a merely reactive one.

Business strategy terminology.

Em vez de se limitar ao óbvio, o filósofo explorou as nuances do ser.

Instead of limiting himself to the obvious, the philosopher explored the nuances of being.

Abstract philosophical context.

O realizador escolheu o preto e branco em vez da cor para enfatizar o drama.

The director chose black and white instead of color to emphasize the drama.

Artistic choices and intent.

Em vez de haver um consenso, as opiniões dividiram-se drasticamente.

Instead of there being a consensus, opinions were drastically divided.

Use of 'haver' in an impersonal sense.

Ele agiu por instinto em vez de seguir a lógica rigorosa.

He acted on instinct instead of following rigorous logic.

Contrasting abstract concepts.

Em vez de ignorar as críticas, a instituição integrou-as no seu plano de reforma.

Instead of ignoring the criticisms, the institution integrated them into its reform plan.

Institutional/Formal context.

A narrativa foca-se na introspeção em vez da ação externa.

The narrative focuses on introspection instead of external action.

Literary criticism.

Em vez de se deixar prender por dogmas, o espírito livre busca a verdade perene.

Instead of letting oneself be trapped by dogmas, the free spirit seeks perennial truth.

Sophisticated philosophical phrasing.

A política externa privilegiou o multilateralismo em vez do isolacionismo pretérito.

Foreign policy prioritized multilateralism instead of past isolationism.

Geopolitical terminology.

Em vez de uma rutura abrupta, assistimos a uma transição gradual e orgânica.

Instead of an abrupt rupture, we witnessed a gradual and organic transition.

Describing complex processes.

O autor privilegia a sugestão em vez da explicitação, exigindo mais do leitor.

The author privileges suggestion instead of explicitness, demanding more from the reader.

Stylistic analysis.

Em vez de se pautar pela ética, a decisão foi puramente pragmática.

Instead of being guided by ethics, the decision was purely pragmatic.

Moral/Ethical discourse.

A economia floresceu graças à inovação em vez da mera exploração de recursos.

The economy flourished thanks to innovation instead of mere resource exploitation.

Economic theory.

Em vez de silenciar as vozes dissonantes, a democracia deve acolhê-las.

Instead of silencing dissonant voices, democracy must welcome them.

Political philosophy.

O tratamento foca-se na causa em vez de apenas mitigar os sintomas.

The treatment focuses on the cause instead of just mitigating the symptoms.

Medical/Scientific precision.

よく使う組み合わせ

fazer em vez de

comprar em vez de

ir em vez de

usar em vez de

escolher em vez de

preferir em vez de

falar em vez de

estudar em vez de

trabalhar em vez de

comer em vez de

よく使うフレーズ

em vez disso

em vez de nada

em vez de tudo

em vez de sempre

em vez de nunca

em vez de um

em vez de outro

em vez de nós

em vez de você

em vez de mim

よく混同される語

em vez de vs ao invés de (strictly for opposites)

em vez de vs em vez (missing the 'de')

em vez de vs em vez que (incorrect structure)

慣用句と表現

間違えやすい

em vez de vs

文型パターン

使い方

frequency

Extremely high frequency in all forms of Portuguese.

regional differences

In Portugal, the 'de' is more closed [dɨ], while in Brazil it is often [dʒi].

よくある間違い

Saying 'em vez de o' instead of 'em vez do'.
Using 'ao invés de' for simple non-opposite substitutions.
Using the gerund (e.g., 'em vez de comendo') instead of the infinitive ('em vez de comer').
Omitting the 'de' entirely.
Confusing 'vez' with 'voz' (voice).

ヒント

Verb Form

Always use the infinitive after 'em vez de'. Never use the gerund like in English.

Synonyms

Use 'em lugar de' to sound more formal in your writing.

Contractions

Practice saying 'em vez do' and 'em vez da' quickly to sound more natural.

Context Clues

If you hear 'em vez...', expect a comparison or a change of plans.

Punctuation

Remember the comma when starting a sentence with this phrase.

Flexibility

Use this phrase to negotiate or suggest alternatives politely.

Vice-Turn

Think of 'vez' as 'vice' to remember it means 'in place of'.

Avoid 'Ao Invés'

Stick to 'em vez de' for all situations to avoid grammatical errors.

Disso

Use 'em vez disso' to refer back to a whole idea previously mentioned.

Nasal 'Em'

Make sure the 'em' is nasal, not a hard 'm' sound.

暗記しよう

視覚的連想

Imagine a fork in the road where one path is blocked and you take the other 'instead'.

語源

From Latin 'in' (in) + 'vicem' (turn/change/stead) + 'de' (of).

文化的な背景

Very common in restaurants when asking for substitutions in traditional dishes.

Used frequently in 'brainstorming' sessions to pivot ideas.

Using 'em vez de' to suggest an alternative is often more polite than a flat 'no'.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"O que queres comer em vez de pizza?"

"Podemos ir ao parque em vez do shopping?"

"Queres ver um filme em vez de estudar?"

"O que fazes em vez de trabalhar nos fins de semana?"

"Preferes chá em vez de café de manhã?"

日記のテーマ

Escreve sobre algo que fizeste hoje em vez de outra coisa.

O que gostarias de estar a fazer agora em vez de escrever?

Descreve uma mudança de planos que tiveste recentemente.

Se pudesses viver noutro país em vez deste, qual seria?

O que preferes comprar em vez de coisas caras?

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, you can say 'Vou eu em vez do João' (I'll go instead of João). It is very common.

Grammatically, yes, it should be for opposites. However, in casual speech, many people use it for everything. For learners, 'em vez de' is safer.

If the 'em vez de' clause starts the sentence, a comma is usually used after that clause: 'Em vez de sair, fiquei em casa.'

No, that is incorrect. You should use 'em vez de' followed by a noun or verb, or 'em vez de o/a [sujeito] [verbo]'.

You say 'em vez disso' (de + isso).

It is neutral. You can use it in a text message or a formal report.

'Vez' refers to an instance or turn (one time, two times), while 'tempo' refers to time in general or duration.

Not usually. You need to say 'em vez disso' or 'em seu lugar' if you want to end the thought.

No, the phrase 'em vez de' is fixed. Only the following article might be plural (e.g., 'em vez dos livros').

Yes, it is a perfect synonym, though slightly more formal.