extinto 30秒で
- Extinct: no longer existing, gone forever.
- Used for species, languages, customs.
- Implies complete and irreversible loss.
- Grammar: agrees in gender and number.
Understanding "Extinto"
The Portuguese word extinto, when used as an adjective, means 'extinct' in English. It describes something that no longer exists, something that has completely disappeared from the face of the earth and will never return. This term is most commonly associated with species of animals and plants that have died out, but it can also be applied to concepts, institutions, or even ways of life that have ceased to exist.
- Etymology
- The word 'extinto' comes from the Latin word 'extinctus', the past participle of 'extinguere', meaning 'to put out, to quench, to destroy'. This root clearly conveys the idea of something being completely extinguished or eradicated.
- Core Meaning
- At its heart, 'extinto' signifies finality and absence. It's a word that carries a sense of loss, especially when referring to living beings or cultural heritage. It implies that all traces or possibilities of something continuing have vanished.
O dinossauro está extinto.
When to Use "Extinto"
You will most frequently encounter 'extinto' when discussing paleontology, biology, and conservation efforts. For example, if you are learning about the dodo bird, you would say it is an 'animal extinto'. Similarly, if a particular species of flower has not been seen in decades and is considered gone forever, it is also 'extinto'.
Beyond the natural world, 'extinto' can be used metaphorically. A language that is no longer spoken by anyone could be described as 'língua extinta'. A particular social custom that has completely faded from practice might also be referred to as 'costume extinto'. In more extreme cases, even a once-thriving civilization or a specific technology that is no longer in use or relevant might be called 'extinto'.
- Contextual Examples
- Imagine a museum exhibit about ancient mammals. The description might state: 'O mamute lanoso é um animal extinto há milhares de anos.' (The woolly mammoth is an animal extinct for thousands of years.) This clearly illustrates its use for species that are no longer alive.
- In a discussion about languages, one might say: 'O latim é considerado uma língua extinta em termos de uso diário, embora ainda seja estudado.' (Latin is considered an extinct language in terms of daily use, although it is still studied.) This shows its application to concepts and communication forms.
Figurative Usage
The figurative use of 'extinto' often carries a slightly melancholic or nostalgic tone. For instance, someone might reminisce about a popular local shop that closed down years ago, saying, 'Aquela loja de doces já está extinta' (That candy shop is already extinct). While not a species, it signifies its complete absence from the current landscape. Similarly, a certain way of life, like traditional farming practices in a region, might be described as 'modo de vida extinto' if it has been completely replaced by modern methods.
The word 'extinto' is powerful because it immediately communicates the idea of something being irrevocably lost. It's a word that commands attention and evokes a sense of finality, making it a very effective descriptor when used appropriately.
Constructing Sentences with "Extinto"
Using extinto correctly in Portuguese sentences is straightforward, primarily involving its placement as an adjective modifying a noun. It agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes. Since 'extinto' is an adjective ending in -o, its feminine form is 'extinta', and its plural forms are 'extintos' (masculine) and 'extintas' (feminine).
- Basic Sentence Structure
- The most common structure is: Noun + Ser/Estar + extinto/extinta/extintos/extintas. The verb 'ser' is typically used for inherent states or characteristics (like a species being extinct), while 'estar' might be used for a more temporary or less definitive state, though 'ser' is far more common for 'extinct'.
Examples of Usage
Let's explore various contexts:
O tigre da Tasmânia está extinto.
Here, 'tigre' is masculine singular, so we use 'extinto'.
Muitas espécies de dinossauros estão extintas.
'Dinossauros' is masculine plural, but the noun 'espécies' (species) is feminine plural, hence 'extintas'. This highlights the importance of the noun being modified.
A moeda antiga tornou-se extinta.
'Moeda' is feminine singular, requiring 'extinta'.
Os costumes tribais foram considerados extintos.
'Costumes' is masculine plural, so we use 'extintos'.
- Adjective Placement
- Typically, descriptive adjectives like 'extinto' follow the noun they modify. However, in certain literary or emphatic contexts, it might precede the noun, but this is less common for this specific word.
More Complex Sentences
You can integrate 'extinto' into more complex sentences using relative clauses or participial phrases:
'O museu exibe espécimes de animais que agora estão extintos.' (The museum exhibits specimens of animals that are now extinct.)
'A pesquisa foca em entender por que certas culturas antigas se tornaram extintas.' (The research focuses on understanding why certain ancient cultures became extinct.)
'O estudo descreve a flora extinta da região amazônica pré-histórica.' (The study describes the extinct flora of the prehistoric Amazon region.)
Real-World Applications of "Extinto"
The word extinto is a part of everyday Portuguese conversation and media, especially in contexts related to nature, history, and societal changes. While not a word used in casual greetings, its presence is significant in specific domains.
- Nature Documentaries and Scientific Discussions
- This is perhaps the most common arena for 'extinto'. Nature documentaries often feature segments discussing species that have vanished. You'll hear narrators say things like, 'O dodô, um pássaro icônico, está extinto há séculos.' (The dodo, an iconic bird, has been extinct for centuries.) Scientific articles and lectures about evolution, conservation, and paleontology frequently use 'extinto' to refer to species like the mammoth, the saber-toothed cat, or various prehistoric plants.
- Museums and Educational Materials
- Museum exhibits, especially those focused on natural history or ancient civilizations, will use 'extinto' on their labels and information panels. For instance, a display about dinosaurs might have a plaque stating, 'Este dinossauro é um exemplo de uma espécie extinta.' (This dinosaur is an example of an extinct species.) Textbooks for biology, history, and even linguistics will employ the term when discussing lost species, languages, or customs.
- Historical Documentaries and Books
- When discussing past civilizations, empires, or ways of life that have completely disappeared, 'extinto' is the appropriate term. A historical documentary might cover the fall of a civilization, noting that their unique societal structures are now extintas. Similarly, discussions about ancient languages that are no longer spoken by any native speakers will refer to them as 'línguas extintas' (extinct languages).
- News and Current Affairs (Conservation Focus)
- News reports on conservation efforts or environmental crises might use 'extinto' to highlight the urgency of protecting endangered species. For example, a news headline could read: 'Alerta: Nova espécie de anfíbio corre o risco de ser declarada extinta.' (Alert: New amphibian species risks being declared extinct.)
- Figurative and Metaphorical Use
- While less frequent, you might hear 'extinto' used hyperbolically or metaphorically. Someone might say, 'A minha paciência está extinta!' (My patience is extinct!) to express extreme frustration. Or, referring to a once-popular trend that has completely disappeared, 'Essa moda já está extinta.' (That fashion is already extinct.)
O moa, um pássaro gigante da Nova Zelândia, está extinto.
Avoiding Pitfalls with "Extinto"
While extinto is a relatively straightforward word, learners can sometimes make mistakes related to its grammatical agreement, its precise meaning, and its appropriate usage.
- Mistake 1: Incorrect Gender and Number Agreement
- The Error: Using the masculine singular form 'extinto' for feminine or plural nouns. For example, saying 'A espécie está extinto' instead of 'A espécie está extinta'.
- The Correction: Remember that 'extinto' is an adjective and must agree with the noun it modifies. If the noun is feminine singular, use 'extinta'. If it's masculine plural, use 'extintos'. If it's feminine plural, use 'extintas'.
- Example: 'Os dinossauros estão extintos.' (Correct) vs. 'Os dinossauros estão extinto.' (Incorrect)
- Mistake 2: Confusing "Extinto" with "Extinguido"
- The Error: Using 'extinguido' (the past participle of the verb 'extinguir') when 'extinto' (the adjective) is needed, or vice versa. While related, they have different grammatical functions and nuances.
- The Correction: 'Extinto' is primarily used as an adjective meaning 'extinct'. 'Extinguido' can be a past participle of the verb 'extinguir' (to extinguish, to put out) or used adjectivally in certain contexts, but 'extinto' is the standard and preferred adjective for 'extinct' when referring to species, concepts, etc., that have ceased to exist.
- Example: 'O fogo foi extinguido.' (The fire was extinguished - using the verb participle.) vs. 'O dodo está extinto.' (The dodo is extinct - using the adjective.)
- Mistake 3: Overusing "Extinto" for Temporary Absence
- The Error: Applying 'extinto' to something that is merely temporarily unavailable or out of fashion, rather than permanently gone.
- The Correction: 'Extinto' implies complete and irreversible disappearance. For things that are temporarily unavailable, use words like 'esgotado' (sold out), 'indisponível' (unavailable), or 'fora de moda' (out of fashion).
- Example: 'Este livro está esgotado, não extinto.' (This book is sold out, not extinct.)
- Mistake 4: Using "Extinto" for Things That Can Be Revived
- The Error: Describing something as 'extinto' when there is a possibility of its return or revival.
- The Correction: 'Extinto' should be reserved for situations where there is no reasonable expectation of the subject's return. For endangered species, the term 'em perigo' (endangered) or 'criticamente em perigo' (critically endangered) is more appropriate until they are truly gone forever.
- Example: 'O rinoceronte negro ainda não está extinto, mas está criticamente em perigo.' (The black rhinoceros is not yet extinct, but it is critically endangered.)
Synonyms and Alternatives for "Extinto"
While extinto is the most direct and common word for 'extinct', Portuguese offers other words and phrases that can convey similar meanings, depending on the context and desired nuance. Understanding these alternatives can enrich your vocabulary and help you express yourself more precisely.
- 1. Desaparecido (Disappeared)
- Usage: 'Desaparecido' is a more general term for 'disappeared'. It can be used for living things that have vanished, but it doesn't always carry the same sense of permanent, irreversible loss as 'extinto'. It can sometimes imply that the subject might reappear.
- Comparison: While a species that is 'extinto' is definitely 'desaparecido', something that is 'desaparecido' is not necessarily 'extinto'. A person who is 'desaparecido' might still be found.
- Example: 'O animal está desaparecido há anos, mas esperamos que não esteja extinto.' (The animal has been missing for years, but we hope it is not extinct.)
- 2. Aniquilado (Annihilated)
- Usage: 'Aniquilado' means 'annihilated' or 'destroyed'. It emphasizes the complete destruction or eradication of something, often through violent means or overwhelming force.
- Comparison: While annihilation can lead to extinction, 'aniquilado' focuses on the act of destruction, whereas 'extinto' focuses on the state of no longer existing. A population might be 'aniquilada' by a disease, leading to it becoming 'extinta'.
- Example: 'A civilização foi aniquilada por uma guerra, tornando-se extinta.' (The civilization was annihilated by a war, becoming extinct.)
- 3. Obsoleto (Obsolete)
- Usage: 'Obsoleto' means 'obsolete', typically used for technology, ideas, or practices that are no longer in use or useful because they have been replaced by something newer or better.
- Comparison: 'Obsoleto' refers to something that is out of date or no longer functional or relevant, but it might still exist in some form (e.g., old technology in a museum). 'Extinto' means it no longer exists at all.
- Example: 'O telégrafo é um meio de comunicação obsoleto, mas as cartas ainda existem.' (The telegraph is an obsolete means of communication, but letters still exist.)
- 4. Perdido (Lost)
- Usage: 'Perdido' means 'lost'. It can refer to something that is misplaced, something that has been forgotten, or something that is no longer present.
- Comparison: Similar to 'desaparecido', 'perdido' is less definitive than 'extinto'. A lost item can often be found. A lost language might be studied from ancient texts, but if no one speaks it, it is 'extinto'.
- Example: 'A esperança de encontrar a tribo perdida foi perdida.' (The hope of finding the lost tribe was lost.) If no members remain, the tribe is 'extinta'.
- 5. Falecido (Deceased)
- Usage: 'Falecido' is used specifically for people or animals that have died. It is the standard term for 'deceased'.
- Comparison: While all members of an extinct species are 'falecidos', 'falecido' refers to individual deaths, whereas 'extinto' refers to the cessation of the entire species or group.
- Example: 'O avô do meu amigo é falecido.' (My friend's grandfather is deceased.) The species of the grandfather, if it were to die out, would be 'extinta'.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The verb 'extinguere' itself is formed from 'ex-' (out) and 'stinguere' (to quench, to put out). This very structure highlights the concept of something being rendered non-existent by being 'put out' from existence.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'x' as 'z' or 'sh'.
- Incorrect stress placement, e.g., on the first syllable.
- Not clearly pronouncing the final 'o'.
難易度
The word 'extinto' is relatively easy to understand in context, especially when discussing animals or historical events. Its meaning is quite direct.
The main challenge in writing is ensuring correct gender and number agreement with the noun being described.
Pronunciation is straightforward, and the meaning is clear. Agreement is key for accuracy.
Context usually makes the meaning very clear, especially in discussions about nature or history.
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前提知識
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知っておくべき文法
Adjective Agreement (Gender and Number)
A flor (feminine singular) é extinta. Os insetos (masculine plural) são extintos.
Using 'Ser' vs. 'Estar' with Adjectives
O dinossauro é extinto (permanent state). O fogo foi extinto (action completed).
Past Participles vs. Adjectives
'Extinguido' (participle) describes the action of putting out, e.g., 'O fogo foi extinguido'. 'Extinto' (adjective) describes the state of being gone, e.g., 'O animal está extinto'.
Use of Articles with Nouns
O mamute é um animal extinto. O dinossauro está extinto.
Relative Pronouns
Os animais que estão extintos são fascinantes.
レベル別の例文
O dinossauro está extinto.
The dinosaur is extinct.
Masculine singular noun 'dinossauro' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
Este animal está extinto.
This animal is extinct.
Masculine singular noun 'animal' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
A língua antiga está extinta.
The ancient language is extinct.
Feminine singular noun 'língua' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
O mamute está extinto.
The mammoth is extinct.
Masculine singular noun 'mamute' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
Essa flor está extinta.
This flower is extinct.
Feminine singular noun 'flor' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
O programa foi extinto.
The program was abolished/extinguished.
Masculine singular noun 'programa' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'. Can also mean abolished.
A cultura está extinta.
The culture is extinct.
Feminine singular noun 'cultura' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
O costume está extinto.
The custom is extinct.
Masculine singular noun 'costume' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
Os grandes répteis estão extintos.
The large reptiles are extinct.
Masculine plural noun 'répteis' requires masculine plural adjective 'extintos'.
Muitas espécies marinhas estão extintas.
Many marine species are extinct.
Feminine plural noun 'espécies' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'.
O modo de vida antigo foi extinto.
The old way of life was extinguished.
Masculine singular noun 'modo' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
A tribo desapareceu e está extinta.
The tribe disappeared and is extinct.
Feminine singular noun 'tribo' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
O conhecimento sobre essa planta está extinto.
The knowledge about this plant is extinct.
Masculine singular noun 'conhecimento' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
As tradições foram consideradas extintas.
The traditions were considered extinct.
Feminine plural noun 'tradições' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'.
O projeto foi extinto por falta de fundos.
The project was abolished due to lack of funds.
Masculine singular noun 'projeto' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'. Meaning 'abolished' or 'terminated'.
A espécie de pássaro está extinta.
The species of bird is extinct.
Feminine singular noun 'espécie' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
A pesquisa busca entender as causas pelas quais os neandertais foram extintos.
The research seeks to understand the causes for which Neanderthals became extinct.
Masculine plural noun 'neandertais' requires masculine plural adjective 'extintos'.
Muitas línguas indígenas foram extintas no último século.
Many indigenous languages became extinct in the last century.
Feminine plural noun 'línguas' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'.
A arquitetura daquela civilização antiga está extinta.
The architecture of that ancient civilization is extinct.
Feminine singular noun 'arquitetura' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
O conceito de honra familiar parece extinto em alguns círculos modernos.
The concept of family honor seems extinct in some modern circles.
Masculine singular noun 'conceito' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
O uso da moeda de ouro tornou-se extinto com a chegada do papel-moeda.
The use of gold currency became extinct with the arrival of paper money.
Masculine singular noun 'uso' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
As práticas agrícolas tradicionais foram quase extintas.
Traditional agricultural practices were almost extinct.
Feminine plural noun 'práticas' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'.
A melodia da canção folclórica está extinta na memória popular.
The melody of the folk song is extinct in popular memory.
Feminine singular noun 'melodia' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
O seu entusiasmo pelo projeto parecia extinto.
His enthusiasm for the project seemed extinct.
Masculine singular noun 'entusiasmo' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
A extinção de espécies é um fenômeno natural, mas a taxa atual sugere que muitos ecossistemas estão à beira de se tornarem extintos.
Species extinction is a natural phenomenon, but the current rate suggests many ecosystems are on the verge of becoming extinct.
When used with 'tornarem-se', 'extintos' agrees with the implied subject 'ecossistemas' (masculine plural).
A preservação de línguas ameaçadas é crucial para evitar que um vasto patrimônio cultural se torne extinto.
The preservation of endangered languages is crucial to prevent a vast cultural heritage from becoming extinct.
When used with 'tornar-se', 'extinto' agrees with the implied subject 'patrimônio' (masculine singular).
A análise forense revelou que a substância química usada no veneno está agora extinta.
Forensic analysis revealed that the chemical substance used in the poison is now extinct.
Feminine singular noun 'substância' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
O debate sobre a existência de vida extraterrestre levanta a questão do que aconteceria se uma civilização avançada fosse extinta.
The debate about the existence of extraterrestrial life raises the question of what would happen if an advanced civilization became extinct.
Feminine singular noun 'civilização' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
A prática de escrever à mão, embora não totalmente extinta, está em declínio acentuado.
The practice of handwriting, although not totally extinct, is in sharp decline.
Feminine singular noun 'prática' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
Os registros históricos indicam que a doença que assolou a região está extinta há séculos.
Historical records indicate that the disease that ravaged the region has been extinct for centuries.
Feminine singular noun 'doença' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
A busca por fontes de energia limpa visa evitar que o planeta se torne um ambiente extinto.
The search for clean energy sources aims to prevent the planet from becoming an extinct environment.
Masculine singular noun 'ambiente' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
O conhecimento ancestral sobre ervas medicinais está em risco de ser extinto se não for transmitido.
Ancestral knowledge about medicinal herbs is at risk of becoming extinct if not passed down.
Masculine singular noun 'conhecimento' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
A análise paleoclimática sugere que o evento de extinção em massa que levou à dizimação de tantas formas de vida não deixou nada além de vestígios extintos.
Paleoclimatic analysis suggests that the mass extinction event that led to the decimation of so many life forms left nothing but extinct traces.
Feminine plural noun 'formas' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'. However, 'vestígios' (masculine plural) would take 'extintos'.
A globalização, paradoxalmente, acelera a obsolescência de práticas culturais e linguísticas que correm o risco de serem extintas.
Globalization, paradoxically, accelerates the obsolescence of cultural and linguistic practices that risk becoming extinct.
Feminine plural noun 'práticas' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'.
O estudo de línguas mortas é essencial para compreender a evolução linguística e para resgatar o que pode ser recuperado de um léxico extinto.
The study of dead languages is essential to understand linguistic evolution and to recover what can be salvaged from an extinct lexicon.
Masculine singular noun 'léxico' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
A fragilidade dos ecossistemas insulares os torna particularmente vulneráveis a espécies invasoras, com o potencial de torná-los completamente extintos.
The fragility of island ecosystems makes them particularly vulnerable to invasive species, with the potential to render them completely extinct.
Masculine plural noun 'ecossistemas' requires masculine plural adjective 'extintos'.
A democratização do conhecimento online levanta a questão se o papel do especialista tradicional não se tornará extinto.
The democratization of online knowledge raises the question of whether the role of the traditional expert will not become extinct.
Masculine singular noun 'papel' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
A análise genética de fósseis revela a complexa teia da vida, mostrando linhagens que se tornaram extintas há milhões de anos.
Genetic analysis of fossils reveals the complex web of life, showing lineages that became extinct millions of years ago.
Feminine plural noun 'linhagens' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'.
O declínio da biodiversidade é um alerta sombrio de que um número sem precedentes de espécies pode estar extinto antes do fim do século.
The decline in biodiversity is a grim warning that an unprecedented number of species may be extinct before the end of the century.
Feminine plural noun 'espécies' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'.
A preservação de monumentos históricos é um esforço para combater a erosão do tempo e evitar que um legado cultural se torne extinto.
The preservation of historical monuments is an effort to combat the erosion of time and prevent a cultural legacy from becoming extinct.
Masculine singular noun 'legado' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
A arqueologia desvela os vestígios de civilizações cujas glórias e tragédias se tornaram extintas, deixando apenas ecos em fragmentos de cerâmica e inscrições em pedra.
Archaeology unveils the remnants of civilizations whose glories and tragedies have become extinct, leaving only echoes in pottery shards and stone inscriptions.
Masculine plural noun 'vestígios' requires masculine plural adjective 'extintos'.
A linguística histórica traça a filiação de línguas, demonstrando como dialetos outrora vibrantes se diluíram e, por fim, se tornaram extintos, substituídos por suas descendentes mais dominantes.
Historical linguistics traces the filiation of languages, demonstrating how once-vibrant dialects diluted and eventually became extinct, replaced by their more dominant descendants.
Masculine plural noun 'dialetos' requires masculine plural adjective 'extintos'.
A análise genômica comparativa de espécimes preservados permite inferir a diversidade biológica de eras passadas e identificar as linhagens que foram extintas por eventos cataclísmicos.
Comparative genomic analysis of preserved specimens allows inference of the biological diversity of past eras and identification of lineages that were extinct due to cataclysmic events.
Feminine plural noun 'linhagens' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'.
A persistência de certas tradições em comunidades isoladas desafia a noção de que todo conhecimento ancestral está fadado a se tornar extinto sob a pressão da modernidade globalizada.
The persistence of certain traditions in isolated communities challenges the notion that all ancestral knowledge is doomed to become extinct under the pressure of globalized modernity.
Masculine singular noun 'conhecimento' requires masculine singular adjective 'extinto'.
A observação de ecossistemas em rápida transformação sugere que a resiliência da vida terrestre pode ser superestimada, com o risco iminente de que nichos ecológicos inteiros sejam extintos.
The observation of rapidly transforming ecosystems suggests that the resilience of terrestrial life may be overestimated, with the imminent risk that entire ecological niches may be extinct.
Masculine plural noun 'nichos' requires masculine plural adjective 'extintos'.
O estudo da paleobotânica ilumina a flora de mundos perdidos, revelando a beleza efêmera de plantas cujas formas de existência se tornaram extintas há éons.
The study of paleobotany illuminates the flora of lost worlds, revealing the ephemeral beauty of plants whose forms of existence became extinct eons ago.
Feminine plural noun 'formas' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'.
A perda de habitats naturais é um presságio sombrio de um futuro onde a diversidade biológica, tal como a conhecemos, pode se tornar extinta.
The loss of natural habitats is a grim omen of a future where biological diversity, as we know it, may become extinct.
Feminine singular noun 'diversidade' requires feminine singular adjective 'extinta'.
A tentativa de reviver espécies extintas através da engenharia genética levanta questões éticas complexas sobre a intervenção humana na ordem natural.
The attempt to revive extinct species through genetic engineering raises complex ethical questions about human intervention in the natural order.
Feminine plural noun 'espécies' requires feminine plural adjective 'extintas'.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— It is not extinct yet.
O rinoceronte negro ainda não está extinto, mas está em perigo.
— Extinct for a long time.
Este fóssil é de um animal extinto há muito tempo.
よく混同される語
'Extinguido' is the past participle of the verb 'extinguir' (to extinguish, to put out). While related, 'extinto' is the adjective meaning 'extinct'. For example, 'O fogo foi extinguido' (The fire was extinguished), but 'O dinossauro está extinto' (The dinosaur is extinct).
'Desaparecido' means 'disappeared' or 'missing'. It's less definitive than 'extinto' and can imply the possibility of return, whereas 'extinto' means gone forever.
'Obsoleto' means 'obsolete', used for things that are out of date or no longer useful but may still exist. 'Extinto' means it no longer exists at all.
間違えやすい
Both words relate to the concept of something ceasing to exist.
'Extinguir' is a verb meaning 'to extinguish' or 'to put out' (like a fire). 'Extinto' is an adjective meaning 'extinct', describing the state of no longer existing. You extinguish a fire (verb), and the fire becomes extinguished (participle), or a species becomes extinct (adjective).
Os bombeiros extinguiram o incêndio (verb). O incêndio foi extinto (participle). O dodo está extinto (adjective).
Both relate to not being present.
'Desaparecer' means 'to disappear' or 'to vanish'. It can be temporary or permanent. 'Extinto' specifically means permanently gone, forever. Something that disappeared might reappear, but something extinct will not.
A criança desapareceu no parque (and was found). O dinossauro desapareceu e está extinto (permanently gone).
Both imply an end.
'Cessar' means 'to cease' or 'to stop'. It's a verb. While a cessation of existence leads to extinction, 'cessar' is about the act of stopping, while 'extinto' is the resulting state of not existing. You can cease to exist, making you extinct.
A produção da fábrica cessou (verb). O animal está extinto (state).
Both describe things that are no longer relevant or in use.
'Obsoleto' means out of date, superseded, or no longer useful, but the thing itself might still exist (e.g., an old phone). 'Extinto' means it no longer exists at all, not even in a functional or relevant form.
O fax é obsoleto, mas ainda existe. O mamute está extinto.
Both refer to the end of life.
'Falecido' is specifically for individuals (people or animals) who have died. 'Extinto' refers to an entire species, group, or concept that has ceased to exist entirely. All members of an extinct species are 'falecidos', but 'falecido' does not imply the species is extinct.
Meu avô é falecido. O tigre da Tasmânia está extinto.
文型パターン
Noun + estar + extinto/a.
Este pássaro está extinto.
O/A + Noun + estar + extinto/a.
O mamute está extinto.
Muitos/Muitas + Noun + estar + extintos/as.
Muitos dinossauros estão extintos.
Noun + ter se tornado + extinto/a.
A língua tornou-se extinta.
Ser + considerado + extinto/a.
O programa foi considerado extinto.
O risco de algo ser + extinto.
O risco de a espécie ser extinta é alto.
Análise sugere que algo se tornou + extinto.
A análise sugere que o costume se tornou extinto.
Vestígios de algo que se tornou + extinto.
Encontraram vestígios de uma cultura que se tornou extinta.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
High in specific contexts (nature, history, science), moderate overall.
-
Using 'extinto' for something temporarily unavailable.
→
This book is sold out.
The word 'extinto' implies permanent disappearance. For items that are temporarily unavailable, use 'esgotado' (sold out) or 'indisponível' (unavailable). 'Extinto' means gone forever.
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Incorrect gender agreement: 'A espécie está extinto.'
→
A espécie está extinta.
The adjective 'extinto' must agree in gender and number with the noun. 'Espécie' is feminine singular, so the adjective must be 'extinta'.
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Confusing 'extinto' (adjective) with 'extinguir' (verb) or 'extinguido' (participle).
→
O dinossauro está extinto. O fogo foi extinguido.
'Extinto' is the adjective for 'extinct'. 'Extinguir' is the verb 'to extinguish', and 'extinguido' is its past participle, used when describing the action of putting something out, like a fire.
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Using 'extinto' for something that is just out of fashion.
→
Essa moda está fora de moda / ultrapassada.
'Extinto' means permanently gone. If something is just out of fashion, it's 'fora de moda' or 'ultrapassada', not 'extinta'.
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Incorrect number agreement: 'Os dinossauros está extinto.'
→
Os dinossauros estão extintos.
The verb and the adjective must agree in number with the plural noun 'dinossauros'. So, it should be 'estão' (plural verb) and 'extintos' (masculine plural adjective).
ヒント
Master Agreement
Always remember to match 'extinto' with the gender and number of the noun. This is the most common area for learners to make mistakes. Practice saying 'o animal extinto', 'a flor extinta', 'os dinossauros extintos', and 'as línguas extintas' repeatedly.
Stress and Sounds
Focus on stressing the second syllable ('TIN') in 'extinto'. The 'x' sounds like 'ks', and ensure the final 'o' is pronounced clearly. Listen to native speakers to perfect your pronunciation.
Finality and Irreversibility
Understand that 'extinto' implies a complete and permanent disappearance. Use it when you mean something is truly gone forever, not just temporarily unavailable or out of fashion.
Visual Associations
Create strong visual links. Imagine a fossilized dinosaur skeleton for 'extinto', or a candle flame being blown out. Connecting the word to a vivid image can significantly aid recall.
Sentence Building
Actively construct sentences using 'extinto' in various contexts. Try describing extinct animals, lost languages, or even figurative examples to solidify your understanding and usage.
Distinguish from Similar Words
Differentiate 'extinto' from 'desaparecido' (disappeared, possibly temporary) and 'obsoleto' (out of date, but still existing). Understanding these distinctions will prevent misuse.
Relevance in Society
Recognize that 'extinto' is a word with significant meaning in discussions about conservation, history, and the natural world. Understanding its cultural weight can deepen your appreciation for the language.
Root Meaning
Knowing that 'extinto' comes from the Latin 'extinguere' (to put out, to destroy) helps reinforce its meaning of complete disappearance. Think of extinguishing a flame – it's gone.
Test Yourself
Regularly quiz yourself on the meaning and correct usage of 'extinto'. Try explaining it to someone else or writing it down from memory to reinforce your learning.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine an 'ex' (ex-partner) who is completely gone from your life, like they are 'extinto'. Or think of a candle flame being 'extinguished' and now the light is 'extinto'.
視覚的連想
Picture a magnificent dinosaur fossil in a museum, symbolizing something that is no longer alive, thus 'extinto'. Alternatively, visualize a burning candle being blown out, with only smoke remaining – the flame is now 'extinto'.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe three things you have learned about that are now extinct, using the word 'extinto' correctly in Portuguese sentences. For example, 'O T-Rex está extinto.'
語源
The word 'extinto' comes directly from the Latin past participle 'extinctus', which derives from the verb 'extinguere'. This Latin verb means 'to put out,' 'to quench,' 'to extinguish,' or 'to destroy.' The root clearly conveys the idea of something being completely put out or destroyed, leading to its non-existence.
元の意味： Put out, quenched, destroyed, extinguished.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin文化的な背景
When discussing extinct species or cultures, it's important to be sensitive. The word 'extinto' implies a definitive end, which can be a somber topic. Ensure the context is appropriate and respectful, especially when discussing human cultures or populations.
In English-speaking cultures, 'extinct' carries similar connotations of permanent loss, particularly when applied to species. The Dodo bird, dinosaurs, and the passenger pigeon are common examples used to illustrate the concept.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Discussing extinct animals
- O animal está extinto.
- Espécies extintas.
- Um animal extinto há milhões de anos.
Talking about lost languages
- A língua está extinta.
- Línguas indígenas extintas.
- O estudo de línguas extintas.
Referring to historical events or cultures
- Civilização extinta.
- Cultura extinta.
- Um modo de vida extinto.
Conservation efforts
- Evitar que se torne extinto.
- Risco de ser extinto.
- Espécies em perigo de extinção.
Figurative use
- Minha paciência está extinta.
- Essa moda já está extinta.
会話のきっかけ
"What extinct animal do you find most fascinating and why?"
"If you could bring back one extinct species, which would it be and why?"
"What do you think are the main reasons for species becoming extinct today?"
"Are there any languages spoken in your country that are close to becoming extinct?"
"How can we better preserve cultural traditions that might otherwise become extinct?"
日記のテーマ
Write about an extinct creature you imagine could have existed. Describe its appearance and habitat.
Reflect on a skill or hobby that seems to be declining or becoming less common. Could it be considered 'extinto' in the future?
Imagine you are a scientist working to prevent a specific species from becoming extinct. What challenges would you face?
Consider a historical event or a way of life from the past. How would you describe its disappearance using the word 'extinto'?
Write a short story about finding a relic from an extinct civilization. What does it tell you about their lives?
よくある質問
10 問'Extinguido' is the past participle of the verb 'extinguir' (to extinguish), often used to describe the action of putting something out, like a fire. For example, 'O fogo foi extinguido'. 'Extinto' is the adjective meaning 'extinct', describing a state of no longer existing. For instance, 'O dinossauro está extinto'. While related, 'extinto' is used for permanent non-existence, especially of species or concepts.
'Extinto' means permanently gone forever, with no possibility of return. 'Desaparecido' means disappeared or missing, and it can sometimes imply that the subject might be found or reappear. For example, a person who is 'desaparecido' might be found, but an extinct species is gone forever.
No, 'extinto' can apply to many things that have ceased to exist permanently. This includes species of plants, languages, cultural practices, institutions, or even concepts. For example, 'língua extinta' (extinct language) or 'cultura extinta' (extinct culture).
'Extinto' is an adjective and must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies. If the noun is masculine singular (e.g., 'animal'), use 'extinto'. If it's feminine singular (e.g., 'espécie'), use 'extinta'. If it's masculine plural (e.g., 'dinossauros'), use 'extintos'. If it's feminine plural (e.g., 'línguas'), use 'extintas'.
Yes, 'extinto' can be used figuratively to describe something that has completely disappeared or is no longer relevant, often with a sense of exaggeration or humor. For example, 'A minha paciência está extinta!' (My patience is extinct!) or 'Essa moda já está extinta' (That fashion is already extinct).
'Obsoleto' means out of date or no longer in use, typically applied to technology or practices that have been replaced. The item might still exist but is no longer relevant or functional. 'Extinto' means it no longer exists at all. For example, a floppy disk is 'obsoleto', but a dinosaur is 'extinto'.
While not used in every conversation, 'extinto' is common in contexts related to nature, science, history, and education. You'll hear it in documentaries, news reports about endangered species, and discussions about the past. Its figurative use is also present in informal speech.
The direct antonyms for 'extinto' are words that mean 'existing' or 'alive'. Common opposites include 'existente' (existent), 'vivo' (alive), and 'presente' (present). If something is not extinct, it is one of these.
You choose the plural form based on the gender of the noun. If you're talking about masculine plural nouns like 'animais' (animals) or 'dinossauros' (dinosaurs), you use 'extintos'. If you're talking about feminine plural nouns like 'espécies' (species) or 'línguas' (languages), you use 'extintas'.
'Extinto' implies finality and that something will not return. It highlights the irreversible nature of its disappearance. This can serve as a warning or a call to action, especially in conservation contexts, emphasizing the need to protect what is still alive.
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Summary
The Portuguese word 'extinto' signifies something that has permanently ceased to exist, like a species that has died out or a language no longer spoken. It's crucial to use the correct gender and number agreement: 'extinto' (masculine singular), 'extinta' (feminine singular), 'extintos' (masculine plural), 'extintas' (feminine plural).
- Extinct: no longer existing, gone forever.
- Used for species, languages, customs.
- Implies complete and irreversible loss.
- Grammar: agrees in gender and number.
Master Agreement
Always remember to match 'extinto' with the gender and number of the noun. This is the most common area for learners to make mistakes. Practice saying 'o animal extinto', 'a flor extinta', 'os dinossauros extintos', and 'as línguas extintas' repeatedly.
Context is Key
Pay attention to the context in which 'extinto' is used. Is it discussing a species, a language, a custom, or something else? This will help you understand the nuances and apply it correctly in your own Portuguese.
Stress and Sounds
Focus on stressing the second syllable ('TIN') in 'extinto'. The 'x' sounds like 'ks', and ensure the final 'o' is pronounced clearly. Listen to native speakers to perfect your pronunciation.
Finality and Irreversibility
Understand that 'extinto' implies a complete and permanent disappearance. Use it when you mean something is truly gone forever, not just temporarily unavailable or out of fashion.
例文
Os dinossauros estão extintos há milhões de anos.
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
natureの関連語
à beira
B1On the edge or brink of.
à beira de
B1〜の縁に；〜の寸前に。物理的な場所や、今にも起こりそうな状態を表します。
à distância
A2遠くから、遠隔で。
a favor de
B1In favor of; supporting.
à sombra
A2日陰で (Hikage de). '日陰で休みましょう (Vamos descansar à sombra).' / '木の日陰に座る (Sentar-se à sombra da árvore).'
à volta
A2「À volta」は「～の周り」または「～の近く」を意味します。一般的なエリアや近くの場所を表すのに使われます。例：カフェは広場の<strong>à volta</strong>にあります。(カフェは広場の周りにあります。) 円形の動きも示します。例：公園の<strong>à volta</strong>を散歩しましょう。(公園の周りを散歩しましょう。)
abanar
A2To wave or swing back and forth, like an animal's tail; to wag.
abater
B11. 切り倒す（木）。 2. 屠殺する（動物）。 3. 控除する（税金）。 '木を切り倒す。' '税金から費用を控除する。'
Abelha
A2Bee; a stinging winged insect that produces honey.
abeto
A2アベット（abeto）は、平たい針葉を持つ常緑樹で、モミの木として知られています。
