A2 Prepositions 1 min read かんたん

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Prepositions in Romanian connect nouns to the rest of the sentence, often dictating the grammatical case of the following word.

  • Use 'la' for movement towards a destination: 'Merg la școală' (I go to school).
  • Use 'în' for entering a space: 'Sunt în casă' (I am in the house).
  • Use 'cu' for accompaniment or tools: 'Vin cu tine' (I come with you).
Preposition + Noun (Case) = Relationship

Meanings

Prepositions are invariable words that establish a relationship between a noun or pronoun and another part of the sentence.

1

Spatial

Indicating physical location or direction.

“Pisica stă sub masă.”

“Mergem spre munte.”

2

Temporal

Indicating time or duration.

“Ne vedem la ora cinci.”

“Lucrez de luni.”

3

Instrumental/Comitative

Indicating tools or company.

“Scriu cu un stilou.”

“Ieșim cu prietenii.”

Common Prepositions and Cases

Preposition Meaning Case Triggered Example
la at/to Accusative la școală
în in Accusative în oraș
cu with Accusative cu prietenii
pe on Accusative pe masă
sub under Accusative sub pat
lângă next to Accusative lângă ușă

Common Contractions

Preposition Article/Pronoun Result
de la de la
până la până la

Reference Table

Reference table for Common Prepositions
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Prep + Noun Merg la mare.
Negative Nu + Verb + Prep + Noun Nu merg la mare.
Question Prep + Interrogative + Verb Cu cine mergi?
Location Prep + Place Sunt în cameră.
Time Prep + Time Plec la ora 5.
Instrument Prep + Object Scriu cu pixul.
Direction Prep + Destination Merg spre casă.
Company Prep + Person Ieșim cu Ana.

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Mă deplasez către magazin.

Mă deplasez către magazin. (Daily movement)

ニュートラル
Merg la magazin.

Merg la magazin. (Daily movement)

カジュアル
Mă duc la magazin.

Mă duc la magazin. (Daily movement)

スラング
O iau spre magazin.

O iau spre magazin. (Daily movement)

Prepositional Relationships

Prepoziții

Locație

  • la at
  • în in

Timp

  • până until
  • de since

Examples by Level

1

Sunt la școală.

I am at school.

2

Merg în casă.

I go into the house.

3

Vin cu tine.

I come with you.

4

Cartea este pe masă.

The book is on the table.

1

Ne vedem la ora opt.

We meet at eight o'clock.

2

Scriu cu un creion.

I write with a pencil.

3

Plec spre București.

I leave towards Bucharest.

4

Stau lângă fereastră.

I sit near the window.

1

În fața casei este un copac.

In front of the house is a tree.

2

Am lucrat până la prânz.

I worked until lunch.

3

Datorită ție am reușit.

Thanks to you I succeeded.

4

Conform regulilor, nu avem voie.

According to the rules, we are not allowed.

1

În ciuda ploii, am ieșit.

Despite the rain, I went out.

2

S-a ascuns în spatele ușii.

He hid behind the door.

3

Referitor la proiect, avem nevoie de timp.

Regarding the project, we need time.

4

A acționat în detrimentul echipei.

He acted to the detriment of the team.

1

A vorbit cu privire la viitorul companiei.

He spoke regarding the company's future.

2

În vederea obținerii vizei, depuneți actele.

With a view to obtaining the visa, submit the documents.

3

A procedat în conformitate cu legea.

He proceeded in accordance with the law.

4

S-a așezat în mijlocul mulțimii.

He sat in the middle of the crowd.

1

A acționat întru slava țării.

He acted for the glory of the country.

2

Precum se vede în imagine, totul e clar.

As seen in the image, everything is clear.

3

A venit de-a lungul drumului.

He came along the road.

4

S-a pronunțat în favoarea propunerii.

He spoke in favor of the proposal.

Easily Confused

Common Prepositions La vs În

Learners often use 'în' for all locations.

Common Prepositions Pe vs Sub

Mixing up vertical spatial relationships.

Common Prepositions Cu vs Pentru

Mixing up accompaniment and purpose.

よくある間違い

Merg în școală (when meaning 'I go to school')

Merg la școală

School is treated as a point/institution, not a container.

Sunt la casă

Sunt în casă

You are physically inside a house.

Vorbesc cu el (missing preposition)

Vorbesc cu el

Always include 'cu' for accompaniment.

Merg la București

Merg în București

Cities are containers.

Până la ora cinci (missing preposition)

Până la ora cinci

Need both 'până' and 'la'.

Stau lângă de masă

Stau lângă masă

No 'de' needed after 'lângă'.

Merg spre la munte

Merg spre munte

Don't double up prepositions.

În fața la casă

În fața casei

Genitive case required.

Datorită la tine

Datorită ție

Dative case required.

Conform cu legea

Conform legii

Dative case required.

În vederea la obținerea

În vederea obținerii

Genitive case required.

Referitor la despre proiect

Referitor la proiect

Redundant preposition.

În ciuda la ploaie

În ciuda ploii

Genitive case required.

A procedat conform la reguli

A procedat conform regulilor

Dative case required.

Sentence Patterns

Merg ___ ___.

Sunt ___ ___.

Lucrez ___ ___ ___.

___ ___ ___ , am reușit.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Ești la cafea?

Food Delivery very common

Pizza cu de toate.

Travel common

Bilet până la Brașov.

Job Interview common

În vederea angajării...

Social Media constant

Poze de la mare.

Navigation very common

Mergi spre nord.

💡

Context is King

Always think about whether you are moving towards a point or entering a space.
⚠️

Don't translate word-for-word

English 'at' can be 'la' or 'în' depending on the noun.
🎯

Learn in phrases

Memorize 'la școală' as a single unit, not 'la' + 'școală'.
💬

Listen to locals

Locals often use prepositions in specific idiomatic ways.

Smart Tips

Ask yourself: is it a point on a map or a container?

Merg în școală. Merg la școală.

Always check if the noun is in the Genitive case.

În fața la casă. În fața casei.

Focus on the preposition, not the noun ending.

Merg la... (pausing for noun) Merg la școală.

Use 'în vederea' instead of 'pentru'.

Pentru obținerea vizei... În vederea obținerii vizei...

発音

/la/

Vowel reduction

Prepositions like 'la' are often unstressed and pronounced quickly.

Statement

Merg la școală ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

Merg la școală? ↗

Rising intonation for confirmation.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Remember 'La' is for a 'Point' (like a dot on a map) and 'În' is for 'Inside' (like a box).

Visual Association

Imagine a cat sitting on a box (pe), inside a box (în), and pointing at a box (la).

Rhyme

La pentru punct, În pentru spațiu, Folosește-le cu mult curaj și grațiu.

Story

Ana merge la școală. Ea intră în clasă. Ea scrie cu un pix pe caiet.

Word Web

laîncupesprepânălângă

チャレンジ

Write 5 sentences about your morning routine using at least 3 different prepositions.

文化メモ

People often drop the 'la' in very casual speech, e.g., 'Merg școală'.

More formal usage of prepositions is common in professional settings.

Use of 'pe' to indicate 'on' social media platforms.

Most Romanian prepositions derive from Latin particles (e.g., 'in' from Latin 'in').

Conversation Starters

Unde mergi în weekend?

Ce faci cu timpul tău liber?

Unde ai fost în vacanță?

Cum te raportezi la noile reguli?

Journal Prompts

Describe your room using prepositions.
Write about your best friend.
Discuss a recent trip.
Reflect on a professional challenge.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Merg ___ cinema.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: la
Cinema is a point/destination.
Choose the correct preposition. 選択問題

Sunt ___ casă.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: în
You are inside the house.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Merg în școală.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Merg la școală
School is a point.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Merg la mare.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nu merg la mare
Add 'Nu' before the verb.
Match the preposition to its meaning. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: at - in - with
Standard meanings.
Order the words. Sentence Building

la / merg / școală

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Merg la școală
Subject-Verb-Prep-Noun.
Select the correct case. 選択問題

În fața ___ (casa).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: casei
Genitive case required.
Fill in the blank.

___ (Despite) ploii, am ieșit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: În ciuda
Correct preposition for contrast.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Merg ___ cinema.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: la
Cinema is a point/destination.
Choose the correct preposition. 選択問題

Sunt ___ casă.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: în
You are inside the house.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Merg în școală.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Merg la școală
School is a point.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Merg la mare.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nu merg la mare
Add 'Nu' before the verb.
Match the preposition to its meaning. Match Pairs

la - in - cu

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: at - in - with
Standard meanings.
Order the words. Sentence Building

la / merg / școală

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Merg la școală
Subject-Verb-Prep-Noun.
Select the correct case. 選択問題

În fața ___ (casa).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: casei
Genitive case required.
Fill in the blank.

___ (Despite) ploii, am ieșit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: În ciuda
Correct preposition for contrast.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

It depends on the noun. 'La școală' means 'at school', 'la ora 5' means 'at 5 o'clock'.

No, 'în' implies being inside something. Using it for a point like 'school' sounds unnatural.

Most take the Accusative. Some complex ones take Genitive or Dative.

No, prepositions in Romanian govern specific oblique cases.

Learn the preposition and the case it triggers together as a chunk.

Mostly, but it can also mark the direct object in specific contexts.

The preposition itself doesn't change, but the noun following it might change its form based on gender and case.

Yes, some dialects use prepositions slightly differently, but standard Romanian is consistent.

In Other Languages

Spanish high

en/a/con

Romanian requires specific cases for some prepositions, unlike Spanish.

French high

en/à/avec

Romanian prepositions are more strictly front-loaded.

German moderate

in/zu/mit

German cases are marked on articles, Romanian cases are marked on nouns.

Japanese low

ni/de/to

Romanian prepositions come before the noun; Japanese particles come after.

Arabic low

fi/ila/ma'a

Romanian prepositions are separate words.

Chinese low

zài/gēn

Chinese word order is rigid; Romanian allows more flexibility.

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