零下 30秒で
- Below zero degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.
- Used to describe cold weather, especially in winter.
- Common in weather forecasts and daily conversations.
- Essential for understanding sub-freezing temperatures.
- Meaning
- The Chinese word '零下' (líng xià) directly translates to 'below zero' in English. It is used to describe temperatures that are colder than the freezing point of water, which is 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Usage
- This term is commonly used in weather forecasts, scientific contexts, and everyday conversations when discussing cold temperatures, particularly during winter. It's a straightforward and essential term for understanding temperature readings that fall below the freezing point.
In Beijing, the temperature today is 零下 five degrees Celsius.
The Arctic region often experiences temperatures far below 零下 twenty degrees.
- Origin of the term
- '零' (líng) means 'zero', and '下' (xià) means 'below' or 'under'. Together, they literally form the concept of 'below zero'. This is a very direct and logical construction in Chinese, making the meaning easy to grasp for learners.
- Contexts of Use
- You'll hear '零下' most frequently when discussing weather. News reports, casual chats about the day's temperature, and even apps on your phone will use this term. It's also relevant in scientific discussions, such as in biology when discussing how organisms survive in freezing conditions, or in physics when dealing with thermodynamics at very low temperatures. In regions that experience harsh winters, '零下' is a part of everyday life and conversation.
The lowest temperature recorded in this city was 零下 18 degrees Celsius.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- The most common way to use '零下' is in the structure: [Temperature] + 零下 + [Number] + [Unit]. For example, '今天气温零下5度' (Jīntiān qìwēn líng xià wǔ dù), meaning 'Today's temperature is minus 5 degrees.' The unit '度' (dù) is often implied when discussing Celsius or Fahrenheit, but can also be specified as '摄氏度' (shèshìdù - degrees Celsius) or '华氏度' (huáshìdù - degrees Fahrenheit).
- In Weather Forecasts
- Weather reports frequently employ '零下'. You might hear: '明天的最低气温将达到零下10度' (Míngtiān de zuìdī qìwēn jiāng dádào líng xià shí dù), meaning 'Tomorrow's lowest temperature will reach minus 10 degrees.' This highlights its importance in conveying crucial weather information.
The winter in Northeast China is very cold, with temperatures often dropping to 零下 20 degrees.
- Expressing Cold Conditions
- Beyond just stating a number, '零下' can be used to describe the general condition of being below zero. For instance, '外面是零下' (Wàimiàn shì líng xià) can be a simple statement meaning 'It's below zero outside.' This is less precise but conveys the essential idea of freezing temperatures.
- In Scientific and Technical Contexts
- In scientific writing or discussions, you might encounter more formal phrasing. For example, '实验需要在零下50度的环境下进行' (Shíyàn xūyào zài líng xià wǔshí dù de huánjìng xià jìnxíng), meaning 'The experiment needs to be conducted in an environment of minus 50 degrees.' The structure remains consistent, emphasizing clarity and precision.
During the polar expedition, the crew had to endure temperatures of 零下 30 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Weather Forecasts
- This is the most common place you'll encounter '零下'. Whether it's on television, radio, or a weather app, meteorologists use it to describe freezing temperatures. For example, a report might say, '明天白天零下2度，夜间将跌至零下8度' (Míngtiān báitiān líng xià èr dù, yèjiān jiāng diē zhì líng xià bā dù), meaning 'Tomorrow during the day it will be minus 2 degrees, and at night it will drop to minus 8 degrees.' This phrase is essential for understanding the severity of winter weather.
- Everyday Conversations
- Locals in regions experiencing cold winters will use '零下' frequently in casual conversation. Someone might say to a friend, '今天外面太冷了，都零下了，你多穿点' (Jīntiān wàimiàn tài lěng le, dōu líng xià le, nǐ duō chuān diǎn), meaning 'It's so cold outside today, it's already below zero, wear more clothes.' It's a natural way to express the chill in the air.
The news reported that the lowest temperature in Siberia last winter was 零下 45 degrees Celsius.
- Scientific and Technical Documents
- In scientific journals, research papers, or technical manuals, '零下' appears when discussing experiments, material properties, or environmental conditions that involve sub-zero temperatures. For instance, a study on antifreeze might mention its effectiveness at '零下 20摄氏度' (líng xià èrshí shèshìdù), meaning 'minus 20 degrees Celsius.' This demonstrates its use in precise, specialized contexts.
- Travel and Tourism
- When planning a trip to a cold climate, you'll see '零下' on travel websites, in brochures, and in advice for visitors. For example, a guide to visiting Harbin in winter might say, 'Expect temperatures to be 零下 15 to 25 degrees during the day' (Chéngshòu báiwēn zài líng xià shíwǔ dào èrshíwǔ dù). This helps travelers pack appropriately and prepare for the conditions.
The farmer worried about his crops freezing when the forecast predicted temperatures going down to 零下 3 degrees.
- Confusing '零下' with '负' (fù)
- While '零下' is the most common and natural way to say 'below zero' in everyday contexts, '负' (fù) also means 'negative' or 'minus' and can be used with numbers to indicate negative values, including temperatures. For example, '负五度' (fù wǔ dù) is also correct for 'minus five degrees.' However, '零下' is generally preferred in spoken language and general weather discussions. Using '负' in casual conversation might sound slightly more formal or technical. The mistake is using '负' where '零下' would be more natural, or vice versa, without understanding the nuance.
- Omitting the Unit
- While '度' (dù) is often implied, especially in spoken Chinese when the context is clearly about temperature, omitting it entirely can sometimes lead to ambiguity, particularly in writing. For instance, simply saying '零下五' might be understood, but '零下五度' is clearer. A common mistake is to forget to include the unit '度' (dù) or the specific unit like '摄氏度' (shèshìdù) or '华氏度' (huáshìdù) when precision is needed, especially in written communication or formal settings.
Incorrect: 今天气温五零下度. Correct: 今天气温零下五度.
- Incorrect Word Order
- A frequent error for learners is misplacing '零下' within the sentence. For example, saying '今天五度零下' (Jīntiān wǔ dù líng xià) is incorrect. The correct structure is always '零下' followed by the number and then the unit. This order is crucial for conveying the meaning of 'below zero' correctly.
- Overuse in Non-Temperature Contexts
- '零下' specifically refers to temperatures below zero. It's a mistake to use it metaphorically or in contexts where it doesn't relate to temperature. For instance, you wouldn't say '我的分数零下了' (Wǒ de fēnshù líng xià le) to mean your score dropped significantly; you would use other words to describe a low score. This word is strictly for meteorological and scientific temperature readings.
Incorrect: 零下零五度. Correct: 零下五度.
- 负 (fù)
- '负' means 'negative' or 'to bear/carry'. When used with temperatures, it functions similarly to '零下' and can be used to express temperatures below zero. For example, '负五度' (fù wǔ dù) means 'minus five degrees'. While interchangeable in many temperature contexts, '零下' is more common in everyday spoken language and weather forecasts. '负' can sound slightly more formal or technical.
Example:
零下十度 (líng xià shí dù) - Minus ten degrees (common, everyday)
负十度 (fù shí dù) - Minus ten degrees (slightly more formal/technical) - 低温 (dīwēn)
- '低温' translates to 'low temperature'. This is a more general term and doesn't necessarily mean below zero. It can refer to any temperature considered cold, even if it's above freezing. For instance, 10 degrees Celsius could be considered '低温' in a tropical region, but it's not '零下'.
Example:
今天气温很低温，只有5度。(Jīntiān qìwēn hěn dīwēn, zhǐyǒu wǔ dù.) - Today's temperature is very low, only 5 degrees. (This is not '零下'.)
The weather report warned of 零下 10 degrees, which is significantly colder than the usual 低温 for this time of year.
- 冰点 (bīngdiǎn)
- '冰点' means 'freezing point'. This term refers to the specific temperature at which a liquid freezes. In Celsius, it's 0 degrees. So, saying '气温达到冰点' (qìwēn dádào bīngdiǎn) means 'the temperature reached freezing point'. While related to '零下' (temperatures below '冰点' are '零下'), it's not a direct synonym for 'below zero'. It's the threshold itself.
Example:
当水温降到冰点时，就会结冰。(Dāng shuǐwēn jiàng dào bīngdiǎn shí, jiù huì jiébīng.) - When the water temperature drops to the freezing point, it will freeze. - 极寒 (jíhán)
- '极寒' means 'extreme cold' or 'arctic cold'. This is a more descriptive term for very severe cold weather, which often implies temperatures well below zero, but it's not a precise numerical value like '零下'. It's used to convey the intensity of the cold.
Example:
这个地区正经历着极寒天气。(Zhège dìqū zhèng jīnglìzhe jíhán tiānqì.) - This region is experiencing extreme cold weather.
The thermometer showed 零下 15 degrees, far below the usual 冰点 for this region.
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The character '零' (líng) itself has an interesting etymology, originally related to counting and indicating a lack of something. The character '下' (xià) is very common and appears in many words related to position or direction, such as '下面' (below), '下午' (afternoon), and '下载' (download). The combination is a clear and functional descriptor for temperature.
発音ガイド
- Mispronouncing the 'x' sound (which is like 'sh' but more palatalized). Learners often substitute a standard 'sh' sound.
- Incorrect tone for '零' (líng) or '下' (xià). The third tone followed by the fourth tone is distinct.
- Pronouncing '零' as 'ling' with a flat tone instead of the correct third tone.
- Pronouncing '下' with a flat tone instead of the falling-rising fourth tone.
- Adding an 'uh' sound after 'xià'.
難易度
The word '零下' itself is straightforward. However, understanding its usage in context, especially with different units (Celsius/Fahrenheit) and in more complex sentences involving weather phenomena, requires some practice. Reading weather forecasts or scientific texts with '零下' is generally easy once the basic meaning is grasped.
Constructing sentences with '零下' is relatively simple due to its fixed grammatical structure (零下 + Number + Unit). The main challenge for learners might be remembering the correct tones and ensuring accurate number usage. Applying it in more nuanced descriptive writing might require more vocabulary.
Pronunciation of '零下' (líng xià) can be a minor challenge due to the tones and the 'x' sound. Once pronunciation is mastered, using it in spoken sentences is quite easy, as it's a common term in daily conversation, especially about weather.
As '零下' is a very common and phonetically distinct term, it is usually easy to recognize when spoken, especially in the context of weather reports or discussions about cold temperatures.
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Using measure words for temperature.
The most common measure word for temperature is '度' (dù). For example, '零下五度' (líng xià wǔ dù).
Expressing degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit.
Celsius is '摄氏度' (shèshìdù), so '零下十摄氏度' (líng xià shí shèshìdù). Fahrenheit is '华氏度' (huáshìdù), so '零下二十华氏度' (líng xià èrshí huáshìdù).
Using adverbs to modify temperature descriptions.
今天非常零下十度。(Jīntiān fēicháng líng xià shí dù.) - Today it is extremely minus ten degrees.
Forming questions about temperature.
今天外面零下多少度？(Jīntiān wàimiàn líng xià duōshao dù?) - How many degrees below zero is it outside today?
Using particles like '了' (le) to indicate a change of state.
外面零下了。(Wàimiàn líng xià le.) - It has become below zero outside.
レベル別の例文
今天零下五度。
Today minus five degrees.
天气很冷，零下。
Weather very cold, below zero.
零下二度。
Minus two degrees.
外面零下。
Outside below zero.
零下三度。
Minus three degrees.
很冷，零下。
Very cold, below zero.
零下四度。
Minus four degrees.
天气零下。
Weather below zero.
北京的冬天经常零下十度。
Beijing's winter often minus ten degrees.
'经常' (jīngcháng) means 'often'.
今天最低气温零下五摄氏度。
Today lowest temperature minus five degrees Celsius.
'最低气温' (zuìdī qìwēn) means 'lowest temperature'. '摄氏度' (shèshìdù) means 'degrees Celsius'.
外面零下八度，请多穿衣服。
Outside minus eight degrees, please wear more clothes.
'请多穿衣服' (qǐng duō chuān yīfú) is a polite way to say 'please wear more clothes'.
零下十五度，太冷了！
Minus fifteen degrees, too cold!
'太冷了' (tài lěng le) means 'too cold'.
我的家乡冬天零下二十度。
My hometown winter minus twenty degrees.
'家乡' (jiāxiāng) means 'hometown'.
今天气温零下三度。
Today temperature minus three degrees.
'气温' (qìwēn) means 'temperature'.
零下十二度，需要戴帽子和手套。
Minus twelve degrees, need to wear hat and gloves.
'需要' (xūyào) means 'need'. '戴帽子和手套' (dài màozi hé shǒutào) means 'wear a hat and gloves'.
这个城市冬天经常零下。
This city winter often below zero.
'这个城市' (zhège chéngshì) means 'this city'.
根据天气预报，明天白天最高气温零下二度，夜间最低气温将达到零下十度。
According to weather forecast, tomorrow daytime highest temperature minus two degrees, nighttime lowest temperature will reach minus ten degrees.
'根据' (gēnjù) means 'according to'. '天气预报' (tiānqì yùbào) means 'weather forecast'. '白天' (báitiān) means 'daytime'. '最高气温' (zuìgāo qìwēn) means 'highest temperature'. '夜间' (yèjiān) means 'nighttime'. '最低气温' (zuìdī qìwēn) means 'lowest temperature'. '将达到' (jiāng dádào) means 'will reach'.
在俄罗斯的西伯利亚地区，冬季的气温常常在零下三十度以下。
In Russia's Siberia region, winter's temperature often is below minus thirty degrees.
'在...地区' (zài...dìqū) means 'in the region of...'. '冬季' (dōngjì) means 'winter'. '常常' (chángcháng) means 'often'. '在...以下' (zài...yǐxià) means 'below...'.
由于寒潮来袭，我国北方许多城市气温骤降，普遍出现零下五度到零下十五度的低温。
Due to cold wave arriving, our country's northern many cities temperature suddenly drops, commonly appears minus five degrees to minus fifteen degrees low temperature.
'由于' (yóuyú) means 'due to'. '寒潮' (háncháo) means 'cold wave'. '来袭' (láixí) means 'to attack/arrive'. '我国北方' (wǒguó běifāng) means 'our country's northern part'. '许多' (xǔduō) means 'many'. '气温骤降' (qìwēn zhòujiàng) means 'temperature suddenly drops'. '普遍出现' (pǔbiàn chūxiàn) means 'commonly appears'. '低温' (dīwēn) means 'low temperature'.
科学家们正在研究在零下五十摄氏度的极端环境下，微生物是否能够生存。
Scientists are researching in minus fifty degrees Celsius extreme environment, whether microorganisms can survive.
'科学家们' (kēxuéjiāmen) means 'scientists'. '正在研究' (zhèngzài yánjiū) means 'are researching'. '极端环境' (jíduān huánjìng) means 'extreme environment'. '是否能够' (shìfǒu nénggòu) means 'whether or not can'. '生存' (shēngcún) means 'survive'.
这个地区的冬季非常严酷，平均气温都在零下二十度左右。
This region's winter very harsh, average temperature is all around minus twenty degrees.
'严酷' (yánkù) means 'harsh/severe'. '平均气温' (píngjūn qìwēn) means 'average temperature'. '左右' (zuǒyòu) means 'around/approximately'.
零下二十五摄氏度对于大多数植物来说是致命的。
Minus twenty-five degrees Celsius for most plants is fatal.
'对于' (duìyú) means 'for/regarding'. '大多数' (dà duōshù) means 'most'. '植物' (zhíwù) means 'plants'. '致命的' (zhìmìng de) means 'fatal'.
为了应对零下四十度的低温，人们发明了特殊的保暖装备。
In order to cope with minus forty degrees Celsius low temperature, people invented special warming equipment.
'为了' (wèile) means 'in order to'. '应对' (yìngduì) means 'to cope with/respond to'. '发明了' (fāmíng le) means 'invented'. '特殊的' (tèshū de) means 'special'. '保暖装备' (bǎonuǎn zhuāngbèi) means 'warming equipment'.
即使在零下十度，户外活动仍然受到欢迎。
Even at minus ten degrees, outdoor activities still are popular.
'即使' (jíshǐ) means 'even if/even though'. '仍然' (réngrán) means 'still'. '受到欢迎' (shòudào huānyíng) means 'to be popular/welcomed'.
极地科考站的气温经常在零下六十摄氏度，这对设备和人员都是巨大的挑战。
Polar scientific research station's temperature often is minus sixty degrees Celsius, this for equipment and personnel are both huge challenges.
'极地科考站' (jídì kēkǎo zhàn) means 'polar scientific research station'. '对...都是' (duì...dōu shì) means 'for... both are...'. '巨大的挑战' (jùdà de tiǎozhàn) means 'huge challenge'.
在某些地区，冬季的平均气温会降至零下三十五摄氏度，远低于国际公认的寒冷标准。
In certain regions, winter's average temperature will drop to minus thirty-five degrees Celsius, far below internationally recognized cold standard.
'某些地区' (mǒu xiē dìqū) means 'certain regions'. '降至' (jiàng zhì) means 'drop to'. '远低于' (yuǎn dī yú) means 'far below'. '国际公认的' (guójì gōngrèn de) means 'internationally recognized'. '寒冷标准' (hánlěng biāozhǔn) means 'cold standard'.
液氮的沸点约为零下一百九十六摄氏度，它被广泛应用于低温冷冻和科学实验。
Liquid nitrogen's boiling point is approximately minus one hundred ninety-six degrees Celsius, it is widely used in cryogenic freezing and scientific experiments.
'液氮' (yèdàn) means 'liquid nitrogen'. '沸点' (fèidiǎn) means 'boiling point'. '约为' (yuē wèi) means 'approximately'. '被广泛应用于' (bèi guǎngfàn yìngyòng yú) means 'is widely used in'. '低温冷冻' (dīwēn lěngdòng) means 'cryogenic freezing'. '科学实验' (kēxué shíyàn) means 'scientific experiments'.
尽管有先进的供暖系统，但当室外温度骤降至零下二十度时，室内仍会感到一丝凉意。
Although there is advanced heating system, but when outdoor temperature suddenly drops to minus twenty degrees Celsius, indoors still will feel a trace of coolness.
'尽管' (jǐnguǎn) means 'although'. '先进的' (xiānjìn de) means 'advanced'. '供暖系统' (gōngnuǎn xìtǒng) means 'heating system'. '室外' (shìwài) means 'outdoor'. '骤降至' (zhòujiàng zhì) means 'suddenly drops to'. '室内' (shìnèi) means 'indoor'. '仍会感到' (réng huì gǎndào) means 'will still feel'. '一丝凉意' (yī sī liángyì) means 'a trace of coolness'.
某些特殊的工业过程需要在零下八十摄氏度的超低温条件下进行。
Certain special industrial processes require in minus eighty degrees Celsius ultra-low temperature conditions to be carried out.
'某些' (mǒu xiē) means 'certain'. '特殊的' (tèshū de) means 'special'. '工业过程' (gōngyè guòchéng) means 'industrial processes'. '超低温' (chāodīwēn) means 'ultra-low temperature'. '条件下' (tiáojiàn xià) means 'under conditions'. '进行' (jìnxíng) means 'to carry out'.
在南极洲，冬季的平均气温常常低于零下五十摄氏度，有时甚至会达到零下八十度。
In Antarctica, winter's average temperature often is lower than minus fifty degrees Celsius, sometimes even will reach minus eighty degrees.
'南极洲' (Nánjízhōu) means 'Antarctica'. '低于' (dī yú) means 'lower than'. '有时甚至会达到' (yǒushí shènzhì huì dádào) means 'sometimes even will reach'.
为了防止管道在零下二十度时冻裂，必须采取有效的防冻措施。
In order to prevent pipes at minus twenty degrees Celsius from freezing and cracking, must take effective anti-freeze measures.
'为了防止' (wèile fángzhǐ) means 'in order to prevent'. '管道' (guǎndào) means 'pipes'. '冻裂' (dòngliè) means 'freeze and crack'. '必须采取' (bìxū cǎiqǔ) means 'must take'. '有效的' (yǒuxiào de) means 'effective'. '防冻措施' (fángdòng cuòshī) means 'anti-freeze measures'.
科学研究表明，许多生物在零下十度左右的环境中也能维持生命活动。
Scientific research shows, many organisms in minus ten degrees Celsius around environment can also maintain life activities.
'科学研究表明' (kēxué yánjiū biǎomíng) means 'scientific research shows'. '许多生物' (xǔduō shēngwù) means 'many organisms'. '环境' (huánjìng) means 'environment'. '也能' (yě néng) means 'can also'. '维持' (wéichí) means 'maintain'. '生命活动' (shēngmìng huódòng) means 'life activities'.
在极地地区，长期的零下四十摄氏度以下的气温对任何未经充分准备的生物来说都是一种生存的严峻考验。
In polar regions, long-term minus forty degrees Celsius below temperature for any not fully prepared organism is a survival's severe test.
'长期的' (chángqī de) means 'long-term'. '以下的气温' (yǐxià de qìwēn) means 'temperature below'. '任何未经充分准备的' (rènhé wèi jīng chōngfèn zhǔnbèi de) means 'any not fully prepared'. '生存的严峻考验' (shēngcún de yánjùn kǎoyàn) means 'a severe test of survival'.
尽管现代农业技术已能显著提高作物在零下几度的低温下的存活率，但更低的气温仍可能造成不可逆的损害。
Although modern agricultural technology can significantly improve crop in minus several degrees Celsius low temperature's survival rate, but lower temperatures still may cause irreversible damage.
'尽管' (jǐnguǎn) means 'although'. '现代农业技术' (xiàndài nóngyè jìshù) means 'modern agricultural technology'. '已能' (yǐ néng) means 'can already'. '显著提高' (xiǎnzhù tígāo) means 'significantly improve'. '存活率' (cúnhuó lǜ) means 'survival rate'. '更低的气温' (gèng dī de qìwēn) means 'lower temperatures'. '仍可能造成' (réng kěnéng zàochéng) means 'still may cause'. '不可逆的损害' (bùkě nì de sǔnhài) means 'irreversible damage'.
当大气温度降至零下五十摄氏度时，飞机在高空飞行时会遇到复杂的结冰问题，这需要飞行员具备极高的操作技能。
When atmospheric temperature drops to minus fifty degrees Celsius, airplanes in high altitude flight will encounter complex icing problems, this requires pilots to possess extremely high operational skills.
'当...时' (dāng...shí) means 'when...'. '大气温度' (dàqì wēndù) means 'atmospheric temperature'. '降至' (jiàng zhì) means 'drops to'. '高空飞行' (gāokōng fēixíng) means 'high altitude flight'. '遇到' (yùdào) means 'encounter'. '复杂的结冰问题' (fùzá de jiébīng wèntí) means 'complex icing problems'. '这需要' (zhè xūyào) means 'this requires'. '具备' (jùbèi) means 'to possess'. '极高的' (jí gāo de) means 'extremely high'. '操作技能' (cāozuò jìnéng) means 'operational skills'.
为了在零下二十摄氏度的严寒环境中维持生物体的正常生理功能，许多动物进化出了特殊的生理适应机制。
In order to maintain organism's normal physiological functions in minus twenty degrees Celsius severe cold environment, many animals have evolved special physiological adaptation mechanisms.
'为了维持' (wèile wéichí) means 'in order to maintain'. '生物体' (shēngwùtǐ) means 'organism'. '正常生理功能' (zhèngcháng shēnglǐ gōngnéng) means 'normal physiological functions'. '严寒环境' (yánhán huánjìng) means 'severe cold environment'. '进化出了' (jìnhuà chūle) means 'have evolved'. '特殊的' (tèshū de) means 'special'. '生理适应机制' (shēnglǐ shìyìng jīzhì) means 'physiological adaptation mechanisms'.
在进行超低温实验时，操作人员必须严格遵守规程，因为一旦温度升至零度以上，整个实验的有效性将大打折扣。
When conducting ultra-low temperature experiments, operating personnel must strictly follow procedures, because once temperature rises to zero degrees Celsius above, the whole experiment's effectiveness will be greatly reduced.
'在进行...时' (zài jìnxíng...shí) means 'when conducting...'. '超低温实验' (chāodīwēn shíyàn) means 'ultra-low temperature experiments'. '操作人员' (cāozuò rényuán) means 'operating personnel'. '必须严格遵守' (bìxū yángé zūnshǒu) means 'must strictly follow'. '规程' (guīchéng) means 'procedures'. '一旦...' (yīdàn...) means 'once...'. '升至' (shēng zhì) means 'rises to'. '有效性' (yǒuxiàoxìng) means 'effectiveness'. '将大打折扣' (jiāng dà dǎ zhékòu) means 'will be greatly reduced'.
全球变暖的趋势虽然明显，但在某些高纬度地区，冬季零下三十度的低温仍然是常态。
Although global warming's trend is obvious, but in certain high-latitude regions, winter's minus thirty degrees Celsius low temperature is still the norm.
'全球变暖的趋势' (quánqiú biànnuǎn de qūshì) means 'global warming's trend'. '虽然明显' (suīrán míngxiǎn) means 'although obvious'. '高纬度地区' (gāo wěidù dìqū) means 'high-latitude regions'. '仍然是常态' (réngrán shì chángtài) means 'is still the norm'.
研究表明，一些特种合金在零下二百摄氏度的极端低温下仍能保持其优异的力学性能。
Research shows, some special alloys in minus two hundred degrees Celsius extreme low temperature still can maintain their excellent mechanical properties.
'研究表明' (yánjiū biǎomíng) means 'research shows'. '一些特种合金' (yīxiē tèzhǒng héjīn) means 'some special alloys'. '极端低温' (jíduān dīwēn) means 'extreme low temperature'. '仍能保持' (réng néng bǎochí) means 'still can maintain'. '优异的力学性能' (yōuyì de lìxué xìngnéng) means 'excellent mechanical properties'.
在没有充分保暖的情况下，人体在零下十度左右的环境中暴露过久，极易发生冻伤。
In the absence of sufficient warming, human body in minus ten degrees Celsius around environment exposed too long, extremely easily can suffer frostbite.
'在没有...的情况下' (zài méiyǒu... de qíngkuàng xià) means 'in the absence of...'. '充分保暖' (chōngfèn bǎonuǎn) means 'sufficient warming'. '人体' (réntǐ) means 'human body'. '暴露过久' (bàolù guò jiǔ) means 'exposed too long'. '极易发生' (jí yì fāshēng) means 'extremely easily can suffer'. '冻伤' (dòngshāng) means 'frostbite'.
跨越零下五十摄氏度的严酷冬季，这片土地上的生命以其顽强的韧性，展现了对极端环境的深刻适应力。
Crossing minus fifty degrees Celsius severe winter, this land's life with its tenacious resilience, demonstrates its profound adaptability to extreme environments.
'跨越' (kuàyuè) means 'to cross over/traverse'. '严酷冬季' (yánkù dōngjì) means 'severe winter'. '这片土地上的生命' (zhè piàn tǔdì shàng de shēngmìng) means 'life on this land'. '以其顽强的韧性' (yǐ qí wánqiáng de rènxìng) means 'with its tenacious resilience'. '展现了' (zhǎnxiàn le) means 'demonstrated/showcased'. '对...的深刻适应力' (duì...de shēnkè shìyìnglì) means 'profound adaptability to...'.
在进行宇宙射线探测时，探测器的精密部件需要在零下二百七十摄氏度以下的超低温环境下运行，以避免热噪声的干扰。
When conducting cosmic ray detection, the detector's precision components need to operate in below minus two hundred seventy degrees Celsius ultra-low temperature environment, in order to avoid thermal noise's interference.
'进行宇宙射线探测时' (jìnxíng yǔzhòu shèxiàn tàncè shí) means 'when conducting cosmic ray detection'. '探测器的精密部件' (tàncèqì de jīngmì bùjiàn) means 'the detector's precision components'. '超低温环境' (chāodīwēn huánjìng) means 'ultra-low temperature environment'. '以避免' (yǐ bìmiǎn) means 'in order to avoid'. '热噪声的干扰' (rè zhàoshēng de gānrǎo) means 'thermal noise's interference'.
即使在零下七十摄氏度的极寒条件下，某些深海生物依然能依靠其独特的生化机制维持生命。
Even in minus seventy degrees Celsius extreme cold conditions, certain deep-sea organisms still can rely on their unique biochemical mechanisms to maintain life.
'即使在...条件下' (jíshǐ zài... tiáojiàn xià) means 'even in... conditions'. '极寒条件' (jíhán tiáojiàn) means 'extreme cold conditions'. '某些深海生物' (mǒu xiē shēnhǎi shēngwù) means 'certain deep-sea organisms'. '依然能依靠' (yīrán néng yīkào) means 'still can rely on'. '其独特的' (qí dútè de) means 'their unique'. '生化机制' (shēnghuà jīzhì) means 'biochemical mechanisms'.
在零下四百摄氏度以下，物质的量子效应变得尤为显著，这为研究量子物理学提供了独特的窗口。
Below minus four hundred degrees Celsius, matter's quantum effects become particularly significant, this provides a unique window for researching quantum physics.
'在...以下' (zài...yǐxià) means 'below...'. '物质的量子效应' (wùzhì de liàngzǐ xiàoyìng) means 'matter's quantum effects'. '变得尤为显著' (biàndé yóuwéi xiǎnzhù) means 'become particularly significant'. '这为...提供了' (zhè wèi...tígōngle) means 'this provides for...'. '研究量子物理学' (yánjiū liàngzǐ wùlǐxué) means 'researching quantum physics'. '独特的窗口' (dútè de chuāngkǒu) means 'a unique window'.
尽管科技发展迅速，但要实现长期载人航天任务，克服零下二百五十摄氏度太空环境下的温度波动仍是重大挑战。
Although technology development is rapid, but to achieve long-term manned space mission, overcoming minus two hundred fifty degrees Celsius space environment's temperature fluctuations is still a major challenge.
'尽管科技发展迅速' (jǐnguǎn kējì fāzhǎn xùnsù) means 'although technology development is rapid'. '要实现' (yào shíxiàn) means 'to achieve'. '长期载人航天任务' (chángqī zàirén hángtiān rènwù) means 'long-term manned space mission'. '克服' (kèfú) means 'to overcome'. '太空环境' (tàikōng huánjìng) means 'space environment'. '温度波动' (wēndù bōdòng) means 'temperature fluctuations'. '仍是重大挑战' (réng shì zhòngdà tiǎozhàn) means 'is still a major challenge'.
在零下三百摄氏度以下，超流体氦展现出其独特的量子力学特性，例如零电阻和永恒的涡旋。
Below minus three hundred degrees Celsius, superfluid helium exhibits its unique quantum mechanical properties, for example zero resistance and eternal vortices.
'零下三百摄氏度以下' (líng xià sānbǎi shèshìdù yǐxià) means 'below minus three hundred degrees Celsius'. '超流体氦' (chāoliútǐ hài) means 'superfluid helium'. '展现出' (zhǎnxiàn chū) means 'exhibits'. '量子力学特性' (liàngzǐ lìxué tèxìng) means 'quantum mechanical properties'. '例如' (lìrú) means 'for example'. '零电阻' (líng diànzǔ) means 'zero resistance'. '永恒的涡旋' (yǒnghéng de wōxuán) means 'eternal vortices'.
为了模拟宇宙早期条件，科学家们在实验室中创造了接近绝对零度（零下二百七十三点一度摄氏度）的环境。
In order to simulate universe's early conditions, scientists in laboratories created environments close to absolute zero (minus two hundred seventy-three point one degrees Celsius).
'为了模拟' (wèile mónǐ) means 'in order to simulate'. '宇宙早期条件' (yǔzhòu zǎoqī tiáojiàn) means 'universe's early conditions'. '接近绝对零度' (jiējìn juéduì língdù) means 'close to absolute zero'. '太空环境' (tàikōng huánjìng) means 'space environment'. '温度波动' (wēndù bōdòng) means 'temperature fluctuations'. '仍是重大挑战' (réng shì zhòngdà tiǎozhàn) means 'is still a major challenge'.
在零下八十摄氏度的环境中，水分子会迅速冻结，形成坚硬的冰晶，这为研究冰的形成和融化提供了模型。
In minus eighty degrees Celsius environment, water molecules will rapidly freeze, forming hard ice crystals, this provides a model for studying ice's formation and melting.
'在...环境中' (zài... huánjìng zhōng) means 'in the... environment'. '水分子' (shuǐ fēnzǐ) means 'water molecules'. '迅速冻结' (xùnsù dòngjié) means 'rapidly freeze'. '形成坚硬的冰晶' (xíngchéng jiānyìng de bīngjīng) means 'forming hard ice crystals'. '这为...提供了模型' (zhè wèi...tígōngle móxíng) means 'this provides a model for...'. '研究冰的形成和融化' (yánjiū bīng de xíngchéng hé rónghuà) means 'studying ice's formation and melting'.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Minus five degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. A common way to state a specific cold temperature.
今天外面零下五度，我穿了羽绒服。
— Below zero. Used generally to indicate that the temperature is freezing or colder.
天气预报说今天会零下，出门注意保暖。
— A few degrees below zero. Used when the exact number isn't crucial but the fact that it's cold is.
晚上可能会零下几度，所以要关好门窗。
— Minus ten degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. A significantly cold temperature.
北方的冬天常常零下十度，甚至更低。
— How many degrees below zero? A question asking for the specific sub-zero temperature.
今天外面的天气零下多少度？
— Minus twenty degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. Very cold weather.
在那种零下二十度的天气里，出门简直是挑战。
— Above zero. The direct opposite of '零下', used for temperatures warmer than freezing.
今天气温是零上十五度，很舒服。
— Zero degrees. The freezing point. It's the boundary between '零下' and '零上'.
水在零度时会结冰。
— Below zero. Can also be used as a noun to refer to the state of being below zero.
我们必须为零下做好准备。
— Below zero. Can be used in a more abstract sense to imply extreme cold or a challenging situation, though primarily temperature.
The project faced many challenges, but we pushed through the '零下' moments.
よく混同される語
'零上' means 'above zero', the opposite of '零下'. It's crucial to distinguish between temperatures below and above freezing.
'负' also means 'minus' or 'negative' and can be used for temperatures. While often interchangeable with '零下' in spoken language, '零下' is generally more common for everyday weather discussions.
'零' by itself means 'zero'. When discussing temperature, it's usually combined with '下' or '上' to indicate whether it's below or above zero.
慣用句と表現
— Literally 'ice sky snow ground', this idiom describes a world covered in ice and snow, implying extremely cold, wintery conditions. It often goes hand-in-hand with temperatures below zero.
在中国北方，冬天常常是冰天雪地，气温零下很多度。
Descriptive, common— Literally 'dripping water forms ice'. This idiom vividly illustrates extremely cold temperatures where even a drop of water freezes instantly. It strongly implies conditions of '零下'.
在如此零下二十度的严寒天气里，真是滴水成冰。
Figurative, descriptive— Literally 'cold wind pierces the bone'. This idiom describes a biting, intensely cold wind that makes one feel extremely cold, often associated with '零下' temperatures.
即使在零下十度，寒风刺骨的感觉也让人难以忍受。
Figurative, descriptive— Literally 'sky cold ground frozen'. This idiom describes a very cold climate where the sky is frigid and the ground is frozen, strongly implying '零下' conditions.
东北的冬天天寒地冻，气温经常在零下。
Descriptive, common— This idiom, meaning 'dripping water forms ice', is a powerful description of extreme cold, where even a droplet of water freezes immediately. It directly implies temperatures well below zero.
It was so cold that it was literally 'dripping water forms ice' outside, with temperatures far below zero.
Figurative, vivid— Literally 'a thousand miles of ice sealed'. This idiom paints a picture of vast landscapes completely covered in ice, suggesting extreme and widespread freezing conditions, typical of '零下' weather.
在零下三十度的严寒下，整个湖面千里冰封。
Figurative, grand scale— Literally 'exhaling breath forms frost'. This idiom describes the visible condensation of breath in extremely cold air, a clear sign of temperatures at or below freezing ('零下').
在零下十五度的清晨，呵气成霜是常见的景象。
Figurative, observational— This idiom vividly conveys extreme cold by stating that 'dripping water forms ice', implying temperatures are well below freezing, hence '零下'.
The winter was so harsh that it was 'dripping water forms ice', with temperatures plunging below zero.
Figurative, impactful— Similar to '冰天雪地', this idiom refers to a place of extreme cold, covered in snow and ice, where one feels like being in a 'snow cellar' and 'ice sky'. It implies severe '零下' conditions.
在零下四十几度的雪窖冰天里，人们需要特殊的防护措施。
Figurative, emphasizes severity— Literally 'north wind howls'. This phrase describes the sound and force of a strong, cold north wind, which is typical of winter weather and often accompanies '零下' temperatures.
零下十度，北风呼啸，感觉格外寒冷。
Descriptive, auditory間違えやすい
Both '零下' and '零上' deal with temperatures around zero.
'零下' specifically means temperatures below zero (e.g., -5°C), while '零上' means temperatures above zero (e.g., +5°C). They are direct opposites.
今天<strong>零下</strong>五度，明天<strong>零上</strong>五度。(Today is minus five degrees, tomorrow is plus five degrees.)
Both '零下' and '负' indicate negative numerical values, including for temperature.
'零下' is the most common and natural term for 'below zero' in everyday spoken Chinese, especially for weather. '负' can be used similarly but is often considered slightly more formal or technical, akin to 'negative' in a mathematical sense.
天气预报说<strong>零下</strong>十度。(T The weather forecast says minus ten degrees.) vs. 读数是<strong>负</strong>十。(The reading is negative ten.)
'零' is the character for zero, which is the reference point for '零下'.
'零' itself means 'zero'. '零下' means 'below zero', indicating a temperature that has gone past the zero point downwards. You wouldn't say 'It's zero outside' using '零下'.
今天温度是<strong>零</strong>度。(Today the temperature is zero degrees.) vs. 今天温度是<strong>零下</strong>二度。(Today the temperature is minus two degrees.)
Both refer to cold temperatures.
'低温' is a general term for 'low temperature' and can include temperatures above zero that are considered cold in a specific context. '零下' specifically means temperatures below the freezing point.
这个季节<strong>低温</strong>很常见，但很少<strong>零下</strong>。(Low temperatures are common this season, but rarely below zero.)
Both relate to freezing temperatures.
'冰点' refers to the exact freezing point (0°C), the threshold. '零下' refers to any temperature *below* that threshold.
当温度降到<strong>冰点</strong>时，水就会结冰，低于<strong>冰点</strong>就是<strong>零下</strong>。(When the temperature drops to the freezing point, water will freeze; below the freezing point is 'below zero'.)
文型パターン
零下 + [Number] + 度。
零下三度。
今天 + 零下 + [Number] + 度。
今天零下五度。
[Location] + 零下 + [Number] + 度。
北京零下十度。
零下 + [Number] + 度，+ [Adjective]。
零下八度，很冷。
今天 + [Temperature Noun] + 零下 + [Number] + [Unit]。
今天气温零下五摄氏度。
零下 + [Number] + [Unit]，+ [Instruction/Observation]。
零下十二度，需要戴帽子。
[Context] + 零下 + [Number] + [Unit] + [Consequence/Description]。
在零下二十度，汽车启动会比较困难。
尽管 + [Condition]，+ [Subject] + 零下 + [Number] + [Unit] + [Description]。
尽管有暖气，但晚上零下三度时还是有点凉。
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Very high, especially in regions with distinct winter seasons.
-
Incorrect word order, e.g., '五度零下'.
→
零下五度。
The standard structure is always '零下' followed by the number and then the unit (like '度'). Placing '零下' after the number and unit is grammatically incorrect.
-
Omitting the unit '度' when it's necessary for clarity.
→
今天气温零下十摄氏度。
While '零下十度' is often understood, omitting the unit entirely (e.g., '今天零下十') can sometimes be ambiguous, especially in writing. It's best to include '度' or the specific unit (摄氏度/华氏度) when precision is needed.
-
Confusing '零下' with '零上'.
→
今天零下五度 (below zero), 今天零上五度 (above zero).
'零下' means below zero, while '零上' means above zero. They are opposite concepts and cannot be used interchangeably.
-
Using '零' alone to mean 'below zero'.
→
零下五度。
'零' means 'zero'. To indicate temperatures below zero, you must use '零下'. Simply saying '零' implies exactly zero degrees.
-
Pronouncing '零下' with incorrect tones.
→
líng xià (third tone, fourth tone).
The tones are crucial for correct pronunciation. '零' is third tone, and '下' is fourth tone. Incorrect tones can lead to misunderstanding or sound unnatural.
ヒント
Mastering the Tones
The pronunciation of '零下' (líng xià) is crucial. '零' has a third tone (falling-rising), and '下' has a fourth tone (falling). Practice saying them together: líng xià. Pay attention to the 'x' sound in '下', which is like 'sh' but made further forward in the mouth.
Standard Sentence Structure
The most common way to use '零下' is '零下' + Number + Unit. For example, '零下五度' (líng xià wǔ dù). Always place '零下' before the number and unit when describing temperature.
Units of Measurement
Remember to include the unit of temperature when precision is needed. '摄氏度' (shèshìdù) for Celsius and '华氏度' (huáshìdù) for Fahrenheit are the most common. Often, '度' (dù) is sufficient in context.
Visual Association
Visualize a thermometer with the mercury below the zero mark, perhaps with snowflakes falling. Associating the word with this image can help you remember its meaning.
零下 vs. 负
While both mean 'minus' when referring to temperature, '零下' is more common in everyday speech for weather. '负' is often used in more technical or formal contexts, similar to 'negative' in mathematics.
Listen Actively
Listen to Chinese weather reports online or on TV. Try to catch how native speakers use '零下' and the numbers associated with it. This will improve your comprehension and pronunciation.
Remembering the Opposite
The direct opposite of '零下' (below zero) is '零上' (líng shàng) (above zero). Remembering this pair can help solidify the meaning of both words.
Regional Relevance
In regions of China with cold winters (like the Northeast), '零下' is a part of everyday life and conversation. Understanding this context helps appreciate its importance.
Use it in Sentences
Actively try to construct your own sentences using '零下' when discussing hypothetical or real cold weather. The more you practice, the more natural it will become.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of '零' (líng) as a 'ring' or 'loop' representing zero. And '下' (xià) means 'down'. So, 'below the zero ring' means below zero. Imagine a thermometer with a zero mark, and the temperature is going down below that mark.
視覚的連想
Picture a thermometer with the mercury (or digital display) clearly showing a number below the '0' mark. You can visualize snowflakes or icicles forming when the temperature is '零下'. Imagine a frozen landscape where everything is white and cold.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to describe the weather in your city or a city you know well using '零下' if applicable. For example, 'In London, winter temperatures are usually around 5 degrees Celsius, but sometimes it drops to 零下 2 degrees.' If your city doesn't experience '零下' temperatures, describe a place that does.
語源
'零下' is a compound word formed from two characters: '零' (líng) meaning 'zero' and '下' (xià) meaning 'below' or 'under'. The combination literally translates to 'below zero'. This construction is very direct and logical in Chinese.
元の意味： The original meaning is literally 'below zero', referring to temperatures colder than the freezing point.
Sino-Tibetan文化的な背景
While '零下' is a neutral term describing temperature, the context in which it's used can evoke feelings related to cold, hardship, or the beauty of winter landscapes. Discussions about it should be sensitive to the experiences of people who live in or have endured extreme cold.
In English-speaking countries, especially those with colder climates like Canada, parts of the US (e.g., the Midwest, Northeast), and the UK, similar terms like 'minus ten degrees' or 'below zero' are used. The concept is universally understood in these regions.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Weather reports and forecasts.
- 今天零下五度。
- 最低气温零下十度。
- 明天会更冷，零下十五度。
- 注意防寒，外面零下。
Everyday conversations about winter.
- 外面零下好多度啊！
- 零下的时候，一定要多穿衣服。
- 你家暖气够不够？我们家零下都暖和。
- 这种零下天气，真不想出门。
Scientific or technical discussions about low temperatures.
- 实验需要在零下五十摄氏度进行。
- 在零下二百摄氏度下，某些物质会表现出特殊性质。
- 超低温设备能达到零下二百七十度。
- 研究零下环境下的生物生存。
Travel and tourism information for cold regions.
- 冬季来哈尔滨，气温常在零下二十度。
- 请准备好防寒衣物，当地冬季零下。
- 零下三十度的天气，不建议长时间户外活动。
- 您需要一件能抵御零下二十度寒冷的羽绒服。
Describing personal experiences with cold.
- 我从来没经历过零下四十度的天气。
- 上次去内蒙古，零下的时候冷得我直哆嗦。
- 我的车在零下十五度启动有点困难。
- 零下的时候，我的手脚都冻僵了。
会話のきっかけ
"What's the temperature like where you are today? Is it below zero?"
"Have you ever experienced temperatures as low as minus twenty degrees Celsius?"
"What do you usually wear when the temperature drops to below zero?"
"Do you enjoy cold weather, or do you prefer it when it's above zero?"
"What's the coldest temperature you've ever personally experienced?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a memorable winter experience you had when the temperature was below zero.
Imagine you are living in a place where it's always below zero. What would your daily life be like?
Write about the challenges and beauty of a landscape covered in snow and ice when the temperature is significantly below zero.
Reflect on a time you had to prepare for extremely cold weather (below zero). What steps did you take?
How does the feeling of being in cold weather (below zero) affect your mood and energy levels?
よくある質問
10 問The literal translation of '零下' (líng xià) is 'zero below' or 'below zero'. '零' (líng) means zero, and '下' (xià) means below or under.
Yes, '零下' is used regardless of the temperature scale. You would typically specify the unit afterwards, such as '零下五摄氏度' (minus five degrees Celsius) or '零下十华氏度' (minus ten degrees Fahrenheit).
While primarily used for temperature, '零下' can occasionally be used metaphorically to describe a situation that has dropped to a very low or undesirable level, though this is less common than its literal meaning. For example, one might say a project's morale dropped to '零下' levels, but this is not standard usage.
'零下' is the most common and natural term for 'below zero' in everyday spoken Chinese, especially for weather. '负' (fù) also means 'minus' or 'negative' and can be used for temperatures, but it's often considered slightly more formal or technical, like in scientific contexts or when emphasizing the negative aspect of a number.
You can say '零下十度' (líng xià shí dù). For more precision, you can add the unit: '零下十摄氏度' (líng xià shí shèshìdù) for Celsius, or '零下十华氏度' (líng xià shí huáshìdù) for Fahrenheit.
'零上' (líng shàng) is the opposite of '零下'. Use '零上' when the temperature is above zero, meaning warmer than freezing. For example, '零上五度' (líng shàng wǔ dù) means 'five degrees above zero'.
'零下' can function as both. It's often used before a number and unit to describe a temperature, acting like an adjective (e.g., '零下十度的天气' - weather of minus ten degrees). It can also be used more like a noun phrase, referring to the state of being below zero (e.g., '外面零下了' - it's become below zero outside).
Common mistakes include incorrect word order (e.g., '五度零下' instead of '零下五度'), omitting the unit '度' (dù) when clarity is needed, and confusing it with '零上' or '负' without understanding the nuance.
While '零' means zero, when talking about temperature, it's more precise to say '零度' (líng dù) for exactly zero degrees. To indicate below zero, you must use '零下'. To indicate above zero, you use '零上'.
'零下' refers to any temperature below 0°C or 32°F. This can range from just slightly below freezing to extremely cold temperatures, like minus 40 or 50 degrees.
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Summary
零下 (líng xià) is the standard Chinese term for 'below zero,' specifically referring to temperatures colder than the freezing point of water. It is indispensable for discussing weather conditions, particularly during winter, and is frequently heard in weather reports and everyday conversations.
- Below zero degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.
- Used to describe cold weather, especially in winter.
- Common in weather forecasts and daily conversations.
- Essential for understanding sub-freezing temperatures.
Mastering the Tones
The pronunciation of '零下' (líng xià) is crucial. '零' has a third tone (falling-rising), and '下' has a fourth tone (falling). Practice saying them together: líng xià. Pay attention to the 'x' sound in '下', which is like 'sh' but made further forward in the mouth.
Standard Sentence Structure
The most common way to use '零下' is '零下' + Number + Unit. For example, '零下五度' (líng xià wǔ dù). Always place '零下' before the number and unit when describing temperature.
Units of Measurement
Remember to include the unit of temperature when precision is needed. '摄氏度' (shèshìdù) for Celsius and '华氏度' (huáshìdù) for Fahrenheit are the most common. Often, '度' (dù) is sufficient in context.
Context is Key
'零下' is most frequently heard in weather forecasts and daily conversations about cold weather. Understanding these contexts will help you use and recognize the word more effectively.
関連コンテンツ
関連フレーズ
natureの関連語
观赏
A2景色や芸術品などを、賞美したり楽しんだりするために見ること。
探险
B1未知の場所や危険な場所へ行き、新しい発見をすること。
空气
A1Air
沿着
A2along
始终
A2最初から最後まで。常に。最初から最後まで。ある期間にわたって変化しない、または一貫していることを示します。
动物
A1動物。生物のうち、植物以外のもの。動くもの。
靠近
A2何かに近づくこと、または何かの近くにあること。
人工
A2人工的な、人造の。例：1. 人工湖 (人工湖)。 2. 人工知能 (人工智能)。
秋天
A1秋は夏と冬の間の季節です。
蔚蓝
A2蔚藍（いらん）、深い青色。主に空や海の色を美しく表現する際に使われる言葉。
