When you're learning Chinese, you'll find that some words really capture a spirit. 刻苦 (kè kǔ) is one of those words. It means hardworking or assiduous, but it implies a deep level of dedication, often in the face of difficulty. Think of someone who studies tirelessly, even when they're tired or the material is challenging – that's 刻苦. It's about enduring hardship to achieve a goal. So, if you want to describe someone who puts in a lot of effort and doesn't give up easily, 刻苦 is the perfect word.
When we describe someone who is 刻苦 (kèkǔ), we mean they are extremely diligent and work very hard, often enduring hardships to achieve their goals. This word emphasizes the effort and even sacrifice involved in their work or study. It's often used for people who are dedicated and put in a lot of strenuous effort. Think of it as a higher level of 'hardworking' that implies a willingness to push through difficulties.
When we describe someone as 刻苦 (kèkǔ), we're saying they put in a lot of effort and endure hardships to achieve their goals. It's often used for people who study or work very diligently, even when it's difficult.
Think of someone who burns the midnight oil to master a skill, or a student who pushes through challenging lessons with unwavering dedication. They are 刻苦.
When we describe someone as 刻苦 (kèkǔ), we're saying they put in a lot of effort and endure hardships to achieve their goals. It's often used for diligent students or workers who dedicate themselves fully to their tasks.
This term implies a sense of discipline and perseverance. For instance, a student who studies late into the night and consistently practices would be considered 刻苦. It highlights the demanding nature of their work and their willingness to push through difficulties.
Think of it as a higher level of 'hardworking,' suggesting a more profound commitment and an ability to withstand challenges in pursuit of excellence.
刻苦 30秒で
- B1 adjective
- hardworking, diligent
- implies enduring some hardship
§ Don't confuse 刻苦 with 'working hard' in a general sense.
Many learners mistakenly use 刻苦 for any situation involving hard work. While 刻苦 does mean hardworking, it carries a specific nuance of enduring hardship or difficulties to achieve a goal. It's not just about putting in effort; it's about pushing through challenges with determination and discipline. For general 'working hard', you'd often use 努力 (nǔlì).
- DEFINITION
- 刻苦 (kèkǔ): hardworking; assiduous (implying enduring hardship)
Think of 刻苦 as a deeper level of effort, often involving sacrifice or overcoming adversity. For example, a student who studies until late at night, foregoing entertainment, is 刻苦. Someone who simply works their normal hours diligently might be 努力, but not necessarily 刻苦.
他学习很刻苦，每天只睡五个小时。(Tā xuéxí hěn kèkǔ, měitiān zhǐ shuì wǔ gè xiǎoshí.)
Translation hint: He studies very assiduously, only sleeping five hours every day.
§ Using 刻苦 as a verb.
刻苦 is an adjective, meaning 'hardworking' or 'assiduous'. It describes a person or their manner of doing something. It cannot be used directly as a verb. You wouldn't say '他刻苦学习' (Tā kèkǔ xuéxí) in the sense of 'he hard-worked study'. Instead, you'd use it with adverbs or as part of a descriptive phrase.
Correct usages often involve:
Using it with '很' (hěn) or other adverbs of degree: 很刻苦 (hěn kèkǔ - very hardworking).
As a modifier before a verb: 刻苦地学习 (kèkǔ de xuéxí - to study assiduously/hardworking-ly).
她工作非常刻苦。(Tā gōngzuò fēicháng kèkǔ.)
Translation hint: She works extremely hard (enduring hardship).
他们刻苦地训练。(Tāmen kèkǔ de xùnliàn.)
Translation hint: They train assiduously.
§ Overusing 刻苦 in formal or informal contexts.
While 刻苦 is a perfectly good word, it can sound a bit formal or even a little old-fashioned in very casual conversations. It's more common in written language or when describing serious dedication. For everyday 'working hard' among friends, 努力 (nǔlì) is generally more natural and versatile. 刻苦 implies a level of deep commitment and perseverance against odds, making it quite strong in implication.
Consider the context. If you're praising someone for exceptional dedication, 刻苦 is excellent. If you're just talking about a friend putting in a reasonable amount of effort, 努力 is usually a better fit.
这位科学家一生刻苦钻研，取得了巨大成就。(Zhè wèi kēxuéjiā yīshēng kèkǔ zuānyán, qǔdé le jùdà chéngjiù.)
Translation hint: This scientist assiduously researched throughout his life and achieved great success.
知っておくべき文法
Can be used as an adjective modifying a noun, typically before the noun with 的 (de).
他是一个刻苦的学生。 (Tā shì yīgè kèkǔ de xuéshēng.) He is a hardworking student.
Can be used as an adverb modifying a verb, often followed by 地 (de) or used directly before the verb when the verb is intransitive.
他刻苦学习汉语。 (Tā kèkǔ xuéxí Hànyǔ.) He assiduously studies Chinese.
Can be used in a predicative position after a linking verb like 是 (shì) or 显得 (xiǎnde, seem/appear).
他的学习态度很刻苦。 (Tā de xuéxí tàidù hěn kèkǔ.) His study attitude is very hardworking.
Can be combined with other adverbs of degree like 很 (hěn, very), 非常 (fēicháng, extremely) to emphasize the level of diligence.
她非常刻苦，每天都练习。 (Tā fēicháng kèkǔ, měitiān dōu liànxí.) She is extremely hardworking, practicing every day.
Often appears in set phrases or idioms related to diligence and hard work, such as 刻苦钻研 (kèkǔ zuānyán, to study diligently).
他刻苦钻研，终于成功了。 (Tā kèkǔ zuānyán, zhōngyú chénggōng le.) He studied diligently and finally succeeded.
レベル別の例文
他学习很刻苦。
He studies very diligently.
她工作很刻苦。
She works very hard.
这个学生非常刻苦。
This student is extremely hardworking.
我们需要刻苦学习。
We need to study assiduously.
他是一个刻苦的人。
He is a diligent person.
刻苦训练才能成功。
Only with diligent training can one succeed.
她刻苦练习唱歌。
She practices singing diligently.
他们都很刻苦。
They are all very hardworking.
他学习很刻苦，每天都学到很晚。
He studies very diligently, staying up late every day.
她工作刻苦，很快就得到了提升。
She works hard and was quickly promoted.
刻苦训练是成功的关键。
Hard training is the key to success.
运动员们刻苦地练习，希望能在比赛中取得好成绩。
The athletes practice assiduously, hoping to achieve good results in the competition.
只有刻苦努力，才能实现你的梦想。
Only through diligent effort can you achieve your dreams.
他以刻苦的精神完成了这个项目。
He completed this project with a hardworking spirit.
老师鼓励我们要刻苦学习。
The teacher encourages us to study hard.
这份工作虽然辛苦，但他仍然刻苦地坚持着。
Although this job is tough, he still persists diligently.
她学习非常刻苦，经常熬夜。
She studies very diligently, often staying up late.
要想成功，就必须刻苦努力。
If you want to succeed, you must work hard.
他刻苦训练，最终在比赛中取得了胜利。
He trained assiduously and eventually won the competition.
这位科学家刻苦钻研，终于发现了新理论。
This scientist diligently studied and finally discovered a new theory.
虽然条件艰苦，但他仍然刻苦学习。
Although conditions were tough, he still studied diligently.
只有刻苦学习才能掌握这门复杂的技能。
Only by studying assiduously can you master this complex skill.
运动员们为了奥运会刻苦备战。
The athletes are diligently preparing for the Olympic Games.
他靠着刻苦的精神，从一个普通员工成长为部门经理。
He rose from an ordinary employee to a department manager through his diligent spirit.
她學習非常刻苦，每天都學習到深夜。
She studies very hard, studying until late every night.
只有刻苦努力，才能取得成功。
Only through assiduous effort can one achieve success.
他憑藉刻苦訓練，最終成為了一名優秀的運動員。
He became an excellent athlete through rigorous training.
在面對困難時，我們需要保持刻苦的精神。
When facing difficulties, we need to maintain a hardworking spirit.
這項研究需要非常刻苦的鑽研精神。
This research requires a very assiduous spirit of inquiry.
她從小就養成了刻苦學習的好習慣。
She developed a good habit of studying diligently from a young age.
這份工作很辛苦，需要有刻苦耐勞的精神。
This job is very tough, requiring a spirit of hard work and endurance.
老師鼓勵我們要刻苦學習，不要輕易放棄。
The teacher encouraged us to study hard and not give up easily.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Describing someone who studies diligently.
- 他学习很刻苦。
- She studies very diligently.
- 刻苦学习才能取得好成绩。
- Only by studying assiduously can one achieve good grades.
- 孩子们刻苦读书，希望将来能上好大学。
- The children study diligently, hoping to get into a good university in the future.
Talking about someone who works hard to overcome difficulties.
- 她刻苦训练，终于在比赛中获得了金牌。
- She trained assiduously and finally won the gold medal in the competition.
- 运动员们刻苦训练，为国争光。
- The athletes train diligently to bring honor to their country.
- 他从小就刻苦耐劳，什么苦都能吃。
- He has been hardworking and able to endure hardships since he was a child.
Emphasizing the importance of hard work in achieving goals.
- 要想成功，必须刻苦努力。
- To succeed, one must work assiduously.
- 刻苦钻研是取得科学成就的关键。
- Assiduous research is the key to scientific achievements.
- 没有刻苦的付出，就没有辉煌的成就。
- Without diligent effort, there will be no brilliant achievements.
Praising someone for their dedication and perseverance.
- 这位老师教学刻苦，深受学生喜爱。
- This teacher is dedicated to teaching and is loved by students.
- 他刻苦钻研业务，很快就成了技术骨干。
- He diligently studied his work and quickly became a technical backbone.
- 她的刻苦精神值得我们学习。
- Her spirit of diligence is worth learning from.
Discussing the character trait of being hardworking.
- 刻苦是中华民族的传统美德。
- Diligence is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.
- 一个人如果刻苦，就能克服很多困难。
- If a person is diligent, they can overcome many difficulties.
- 培养孩子的刻苦精神很重要。
- It's important to cultivate children's diligent spirit.
会話のきっかけ
"你觉得学习中文最需要什么品质？"
"你认识的哪个人最刻苦？他/她做了什么让你觉得他/她很刻苦？"
"你觉得学生应该刻苦学习，还是享受学习？为什么？"
"在你的文化中，人们对“刻苦”有什么看法？"
"你有没有为某个目标刻苦努力过？结果怎么样？"
日記のテーマ
描述一次你刻苦努力学习或工作的经历，以及你从中得到了什么。
你认为在你的职业或学业中，刻苦有多重要？请举例说明。
如果让你用“刻苦”这个词来形容你自己，你会怎么说？为什么？
想想你生活中的一个榜样，他/她在哪方面体现了“刻苦”？
写一篇关于“刻苦”和“天赋”之间关系的文章。你认为哪个更重要？
よくある質問
10 問Both 努力 and 刻苦 describe effort, but they have different nuances. 努力 (nǔlì) is a more general term for 'to make an effort' or 'to try hard'. It can apply to any kind of effort, big or small. For example, 你要努力学习 (Nǐ yào nǔlì xuéxí) means 'You need to study hard.'
刻苦 (kèkǔ) is much stronger. It specifically means 'hardworking' or 'assiduous' in a way that implies enduring hardship, overcoming difficulties, and putting in sustained, often grueling, effort. It often suggests self-discipline and perseverance. For instance, 他学习很刻苦 (Tā xuéxí hěn kèkǔ) means 'He studies very assiduously/diligently,' suggesting he puts in a lot of tough work.
Think of it this way: 努力 is trying your best, while 刻苦 is pushing yourself to the limit and enduring hardship to achieve something.
No, not really. 刻苦 (kèkǔ) implies effort that involves difficulty or hardship. You wouldn't use it to describe doing something easy. It's reserved for situations where significant, often difficult, effort is required and sustained.
刻苦 (kèkǔ) is generally a very positive word. It highlights admirable qualities like diligence, perseverance, and dedication. Someone described as 刻苦 is usually seen as a person with a strong work ethic and good character.
You'll often hear 刻苦 (kèkǔ) paired with verbs related to studying or working. Here are some common ones:
- 刻苦学习 (kèkǔ xuéxí): to study assiduously/diligently. (e.g., 他从小就刻苦学习。 - Tā cóngxiǎo jiù kèkǔ xuéxí. - He has been studying diligently since childhood.)
- 刻苦训练 (kèkǔ xùnliàn): to train assiduously/rigorously. (e.g., 运动员们刻苦训练，为比赛做准备。 - Yùndòngyuánmen kèkǔ xùnliàn, wèi bǐsài zuò zhǔnbèi. - The athletes trained assiduously, preparing for the competition.)
- 刻苦钻研 (kèkǔ zuānyán): to delve into something assiduously/painstakingly. (e.g., 科学家刻苦钻研，终于取得了突破。 - Kēxuéjiā kèkǔ zuānyán, zhōngyú qǔdéle tūpò. - The scientists painstakingly researched and finally made a breakthrough.)
Yes, absolutely! You can say someone is 刻苦 (kèkǔ) to describe their personality trait of being hardworking and assiduous. For example, 他是一个很刻苦的人 (Tā shì yīgè hěn kèkǔ de rén) means 'He is a very hardworking/diligent person.' It's a common and positive way to describe someone's character.
刻苦 (kèkǔ) is generally considered a neutral term that can be used in both formal and informal contexts. It's appropriate for everyday conversation as well as more formal writing or speeches. It's not slang, nor is it overly academic.
While 刻苦 (kèkǔ) has its own specific nuance, here are some related words:
- 勤奋 (qínfèn): diligent; hardworking. This is a very close synonym and often interchangeable, though 勤奋 might imply a slightly more consistent and habitual diligence, while 刻苦 emphasizes the 'hardship' aspect.
- 努力 (nǔlì): to make an effort; to try hard. As discussed, this is a broader term.
- 辛勤 (xīnqín): industrious; hardworking (often implying hard labor). This is a bit more formal and poetic.
You would say: 他学习很刻苦。 (Tā xuéxí hěn kèkǔ.)
Here, 学习 (xuéxí) means 'to study,' and 刻苦 (kèkǔ) functions as an adverbial modifier indicating the manner of studying. Another way is 他刻苦学习。 (Tā kèkǔ xuéxí.) Both are correct and common.
Yes, while it's most common with studying and training, 刻苦 (kèkǔ) can be used in other contexts where significant, sustained effort and overcoming hardship are involved. For example, if someone is working very hard to build a business from scratch, you could say他们刻苦创业 (Tāmen kèkǔ chuàngyè - They worked assiduously to start their business).
The CEFR level for 刻苦 (kèkǔ) is B1. This means it's a useful word to know as you move beyond basic Chinese and start engaging with more nuanced expressions of effort and character.
自分をテスト 84 問
她学习很___。
The sentence means 'She studies very hard.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) means hardworking.
他工作很___，所以很成功。
The sentence means 'He works very hard, so he is very successful.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) means hardworking.
学中文需要___的努力。
The sentence means 'Learning Chinese requires diligent effort.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) means diligent/assiduous.
他每天都___地学习。
The sentence means 'He studies diligently every day.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) describes how he studies.
要学好一门语言，一定要___。
The sentence means 'To learn a language well, one must be hardworking.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) is the correct adjective.
这位学生非常___，总是第一个来。
The sentence means 'This student is very hardworking, always the first to arrive.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) fits the context of being early and dedicated.
Greeting
Gratitude
Farewell
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你好吗？
Focus: 吗
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Read this aloud:
我很好
Focus: 很
あなたの回答：
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Read this aloud:
你叫什么名字？
Focus: 什么
あなたの回答：
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她学习很___。
The sentence means 'She studies very hard.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) means hardworking, which fits the context.
要学好汉语，你需要___学习。
The sentence means 'To learn Chinese well, you need to study diligently.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) means assiduous, which is appropriate here.
他工作很___，所以很快就升职了。
The sentence means 'He works very hard, so he was promoted quickly.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) describes working diligently.
运动员每天都___训练。
The sentence means 'Athletes train diligently every day.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) conveys the idea of rigorous and demanding training.
她是一位___的医生，总是尽力帮助病人。
The sentence means 'She is a hardworking doctor, always trying her best to help patients.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) implies dedication to her work.
为了通过考试，他___地复习了很久。
The sentence means 'To pass the exam, he reviewed diligently for a long time.' '刻苦' (kèkǔ) describes the intense effort put into studying.
Choose the best description for someone who is 刻苦.
刻苦 (kè kǔ) means hardworking or assiduous, implying someone who always puts in a lot of effort.
Which sentence correctly uses 刻苦?
刻苦 (kè kǔ) is used to describe an attitude towards work or study that requires effort, making '刻苦工作' (hardworking at work) the correct usage.
If you want to pass an important exam, what kind of attitude should you have?
To pass an important exam, one needs to be diligent and hardworking, which is what 刻苦 (kè kǔ) means.
A person who is 刻苦 usually gets good grades.
Being 刻苦 (kè kǔ) means putting in a lot of effort, which often leads to good results like good grades.
If someone is 刻苦, they like to waste time.
刻苦 (kè kǔ) means hardworking and diligent, which is the opposite of wasting time.
Learning Chinese well requires you to be 刻苦.
Learning a new language like Chinese requires consistent effort and diligence, which aligns with the meaning of 刻苦 (kè kǔ).
Describe a time you or someone you know had to work very hard to achieve something. Use 刻苦.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我有一个朋友学习非常刻苦，他每天晚上都看书到深夜，所以他通过了考试。 (I have a friend who studies very hard. He reads books late every night, so he passed the exam.)
Write a short sentence about why someone might need to be 刻苦 in their studies.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
如果你想取得好成绩，你必须刻苦学习。 (If you want to get good grades, you must study diligently.)
Imagine you are describing an athlete's training. Use 刻苦 in your sentence.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这个运动员每天都刻苦训练，希望能赢得比赛。 (This athlete trains very hard every day, hoping to win the competition.)
小明为什么进步很快？
Read this passage:
小明想学好中文。他每天都花很多时间练习听和说。他很刻苦，所以他的中文进步很快。
小明为什么进步很快？
文章中提到“他很刻苦，所以他的中文进步很快。” (The passage states, 'He is very hardworking, so his Chinese improved quickly.')
文章中提到“他很刻苦，所以他的中文进步很快。” (The passage states, 'He is very hardworking, so his Chinese improved quickly.')
我的哥哥为什么刻苦学习？
Read this passage:
我的哥哥是一名学生。他每天早上很早起床，晚上很晚才睡觉。他学习很刻苦，希望将来能找到一份好工作。
我的哥哥为什么刻苦学习？
文章中提到“他学习很刻苦，希望将来能找到一份好工作。” (The passage states, 'He studies very diligently, hoping to find a good job in the future.')
文章中提到“他学习很刻苦，希望将来能找到一份好工作。” (The passage states, 'He studies very diligently, hoping to find a good job in the future.')
关于她学习新语言，下面哪句话是正确的？
Read this passage:
她知道学习一门新语言不容易，但她很刻苦。她每天都练习，不懂就问老师。
关于她学习新语言，下面哪句话是正确的？
文章中提到“她知道学习一门新语言不容易，但她很刻苦。” (The passage states, 'She knows learning a new language is not easy, but she is very hardworking.')
文章中提到“她知道学习一门新语言不容易，但她很刻苦。” (The passage states, 'She knows learning a new language is not easy, but she is very hardworking.')
This sentence means 'He studies very hard.' The structure is Subject + Verb + Adverb + Adjective.
This sentence means 'She works extremely diligently.' The structure is Subject + Verb + Adverb + Adjective.
This sentence means 'Because he was hardworking, he succeeded.' '因为...所以...' is a common structure for cause and effect.
Describe a time you or someone you know had to work very hard to achieve something. Use 刻苦.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
为了通过考试，我每天都刻苦学习，最终取得了很好的成绩。(Wèi le tōngguò kǎoshì, wǒ měitiān dōu kèkǔ xuéxí, zuìzhōng qǔdé le hěn hǎo de chéngjī. - To pass the exam, I studied diligently every day, and finally achieved very good results.)
Imagine you are giving advice to a friend who wants to improve their Chinese. How would you encourage them to be diligent? Use 刻苦.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
如果你想学好中文，就一定要刻苦练习。(Rúguǒ nǐ xiǎng xuéhǎo Zhōngwén, jiù yīdìng yào kèkǔ liànxí. - If you want to learn Chinese well, you must practice diligently.)
Write a short sentence about an athlete who trains very hard. Use 刻苦.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
这位运动员刻苦训练，希望能赢得比赛。(Zhè wèi yùndòngyuán kèkǔ xùnliàn, xīwàng néng yíngdé bǐsài. - This athlete trains diligently, hoping to win the competition.)
小王为什么刻苦学习？(Why does Xiao Wang study diligently?)
Read this passage:
小王学习非常刻苦，每天晚上都学习到很晚。他希望能考上一个好大学，所以从不放松。(Xiǎo Wáng xuéxí fēicháng kèkǔ, měitiān wǎnshang dōu xuéxí dào hěn wǎn. Tā xīwàng néng kǎoshàng yīgè hǎo dàxué, suǒyǐ cóng bù fàngsōng.)
小王为什么刻苦学习？(Why does Xiao Wang study diligently?)
文章中提到小王希望考上一个好大学，所以刻苦学习。(The passage mentions Xiao Wang hopes to get into a good university, so he studies diligently.)
文章中提到小王希望考上一个好大学，所以刻苦学习。(The passage mentions Xiao Wang hopes to get into a good university, so he studies diligently.)
根据这段话，成功的人有什么特点？(According to this passage, what characteristic do successful people have?)
Read this passage:
一个成功的人往往非常刻苦。他们愿意付出时间和努力去实现自己的目标。(Yīgè chénggōng de rén wǎngwǎng fēicháng kèkǔ. Tāmen yuànyì fùchū shíjiān hé nǔlì qù shíxiàn zìjǐ de mùbiāo.)
根据这段话，成功的人有什么特点？(According to this passage, what characteristic do successful people have?)
文章直接指出成功的人往往非常刻苦。(The passage directly states that successful people are often very diligent.)
文章直接指出成功的人往往非常刻苦。(The passage directly states that successful people are often very diligent.)
学习新语言的关键是什么？(What is the key to learning a new language?)
Read this passage:
学习一门新语言需要刻苦。每天练习一点点，长时间坚持下来，你就会看到进步。(Xuéxí yī mén xīn yǔyán xūyào kèkǔ. Měitiān liànxí yīdiǎndiǎn, cháng shíjiān jiānchí xiàlái, nǐ jiù huì kàndào jìnbù.)
学习新语言的关键是什么？(What is the key to learning a new language?)
文章中提到“每天练习一点点，长时间坚持下来”是关键。(The passage mentions that "practicing a little every day and persevering for a long time" is key.)
文章中提到“每天练习一点点，长时间坚持下来”是关键。(The passage mentions that "practicing a little every day and persevering for a long time" is key.)
The correct order is Subject (他) + Verb (学习) + Adverb of degree (很) + Adjective (刻苦). This means 'He studies very diligently.'
The correct order is Subject (她) + Verb (工作) + Adverb of degree (非常) + Adjective (刻苦). This means 'She works extremely diligently.'
The correct order is Noun (成功) + Verb (需要) + Adjective (刻苦) + possessive particle (的) + Noun (努力). This means 'Success requires diligent effort.'
What does he do to study Chinese diligently?
Why did she study so diligently?
What is diligence considered a key to?
Read this aloud:
请你用“刻苦”造一个句子，描述一个你认识的勤奋的人。
Focus: 刻苦 (kè kǔ)
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
你认为在学习一门新语言时，刻苦重要吗？为什么？
Focus: 刻苦 (kè kǔ)
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
描述一下你为了达到一个目标而刻苦努力的经历。
Focus: 刻苦 (kè kǔ)
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Describe a time you or someone you know had to work extremely hard to achieve a goal. How did this '刻苦' attitude contribute to their success?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
为了通过高级汉语水平考试，我花了一年的时间刻苦学习。每天下班后，我都会去图书馆学习至少三个小时。虽然过程很辛苦，但我的刻苦努力最终让我顺利通过了考试。
Imagine you are giving advice to a friend who is struggling with a difficult task. How would you encourage them to be '刻苦' in their efforts? Write a short encouraging message.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
我知道你现在面临的挑战很大，但我相信只要你刻苦努力，就一定能克服。别灰心，坚持下去，胜利就在前方！
Compare and contrast the meaning of '刻苦' with '努力'. Are there situations where one is more appropriate than the other? Provide examples.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
虽然'刻苦'和'努力'都表示付出辛劳，但'刻苦'通常强调的是长期、艰辛且带有一定程度痛苦的努力，比如'刻苦钻研'。而'努力'则更广泛，可以指一般的付出，不一定有那么强的艰辛感。例如，你可以说'我努力学习'，也可以说'他刻苦训练'，后者更强调训练的艰辛。
根据这段话，这位科学家最终取得成功的原因是什么？
Read this passage:
他从小就立志成为一名杰出的科学家。为了实现这个目标，他几十年如一日地刻苦钻研，夜以继日地在实验室里工作。即使遇到无数次失败，他也从未放弃，最终在某个领域取得了突破性进展，获得了国际认可。
根据这段话，这位科学家最终取得成功的原因是什么？
文章明确提到“他几十年如一日地刻苦钻研，夜以继日地在实验室里工作”，这直接指出了他成功的关键。
文章明确提到“他几十年如一日地刻苦钻研，夜以继日地在实验室里工作”，这直接指出了他成功的关键。
这段文字主要说明了什么？
Read this passage:
学习一门外语需要付出大量的精力和时间。那些能够流利掌握多门语言的人，往往都经历了漫长的刻苦学习过程。他们不仅勤奋记忆词汇和语法，更重要的是，他们坚持不懈地练习听、说、读、写，将学习融入日常生活。
这段文字主要说明了什么？
文章强调“那些能够流利掌握多门语言的人，往往都经历了漫长的刻苦学习过程”，表明刻苦学习是核心因素。
文章强调“那些能够流利掌握多门语言的人，往往都经历了漫长的刻苦学习过程”，表明刻苦学习是核心因素。
这段话主要强调了什么在运动员成功中的作用？
Read this passage:
一位成功的运动员背后，往往有异于常人的刻苦训练。他们每天坚持数小时的高强度训练，严格控制饮食，牺牲了许多常人的休闲娱乐。正是这种对自我近乎严苛的刻苦精神，才让他们在赛场上脱颖而出，赢得荣誉。
这段话主要强调了什么在运动员成功中的作用？
文章中“正是这种对自我近乎严苛的刻苦精神，才让他们在赛场上脱颖而出”直接点明了答案。
文章中“正是这种对自我近乎严苛的刻苦精神，才让他们在赛场上脱颖而出”直接点明了答案。
This sentence means 'He studies very diligently.' The structure is Subject + Verb + Adverb + Adjective.
This sentence means 'She trained assiduously for her dream.' The structure is Subject + Prepositional Phrase (为了...) + Adverb + Verb.
This sentence means 'Only through diligent effort can one succeed.' '只有...才能...' is a common structure meaning 'only...can...'.
她从小就非常___，最终考入了理想的大学。
句子描述她努力学习最终考上大学，所以“刻苦”最符合语境。
为了完成这个项目，团队成员们都___钻研，夜以继日。
“夜以继日”说明团队成员非常努力，因此“刻苦钻研”是正确的搭配。
学好一门外语需要___的练习和持之以恒的毅力。
学习外语需要大量的努力和坚持，“刻苦的练习”与句意吻合。
他凭借___的精神，克服了重重困难，最终取得了成功。
“克服了重重困难”暗示他付出了巨大的努力，所以“刻苦的精神”是正确的选择。
这位科学家一生___研究，为人类科技进步做出了巨大贡献。
“为人类科技进步做出了巨大贡献”说明科学家付出了毕生精力，与“刻苦研究”相符。
虽然起点不高，但他通过___学习，逐渐掌握了专业技能。
从“起点不高”到“掌握了专业技能”，需要努力学习，“刻苦学习”是最佳选项。
以下哪种情境最能体现“刻苦”的含义？
选项B描述的是为了达成目标而付出超乎寻常的努力，这正是“刻苦”的体现。
一个人如果被形容为“刻苦”，通常意味着他具备以下哪种品质？
“刻苦”强调的是不畏艰难、勤奋努力的态度和行为。
“刻苦”的反义词最可能是以下哪个词语？
“刻苦”意味着勤奋努力，其反义词自然是“懒惰”。
“刻苦”通常用于形容一个人在学习或工作上付出艰辛的努力。
“刻苦”特指在学习或工作上投入大量精力、不怕吃苦的精神。
一个“刻苦”的人，意味着他总是轻而易举地取得成功，无需付出太多努力。
“刻苦”本身就包含了付出艰辛努力的意思，与“轻而易举”相悖。
“刻苦”也可以用来形容一个人在娱乐活动中表现出的执着和专注。
“刻苦”主要用于形容学习或工作中的努力，不适用于娱乐活动。
Describe a time you or someone you know had to be particularly 刻苦 to achieve a difficult goal. What was the goal, what challenges were faced, and how did being 刻苦 contribute to success?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
为了完成我的博士论文，我必须非常刻苦。我每天在图书馆待到深夜，阅读了无数的学术文章，并反复修改我的草稿。有时我觉得自己快要放弃了，但一想到我的目标，我就重新振作起来。最终，我不仅按时完成了论文，还获得了导师的高度评价。这种刻苦的经历让我受益匪浅，也让我明白坚持不懈的重要性。
In what ways can a person be 刻苦 in their daily life, beyond just academic or professional pursuits? Give at least three examples and explain their significance.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
一个人在日常生活中可以通过多种方式表现出刻苦。首先，在健身方面，坚持每天锻炼，即使感到疲惫也毫不松懈，这需要极大的刻苦精神。其次，学习一项新技能，比如乐器或绘画，需要长时间的专注练习和不断尝试。最后，在自我提升方面，例如克服一个坏习惯或培养一个好习惯，也需要日复一日的刻苦努力。这些刻苦不仅仅是为了取得外部成就，更是为了内心的成长和满足。
Compare and contrast the concept of 刻苦 with 'diligence' and 'perseverance' in English. Are there subtle differences in meaning or connotation that are important for a Chinese language learner to grasp?
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
刻苦、diligence（勤奋）和perseverance（毅力）在中文和英文中都有相似的含义，但细微之处值得注意。刻苦更侧重于那种艰苦卓绝、付出巨大努力的状态，它强调的是克服困难和挑战的过程。Diligence则更多指工作或学习上的勤恳和认真，它可能不一定涉及巨大的困难。而perseverance则强调在面对挫折和困难时不放弃的意志力。对于中文学习者来说，理解刻苦往往带有更多的“吃苦”意味，即为了目标愿意承受更多的辛苦和压力，这与仅仅“勤奋”或“坚持”有所不同。
根据这段文字，匡衡和车胤的故事主要说明了什么？
Read this passage:
在中国古代，许多著名的学者都以他们的刻苦学习而闻名。例如，匡衡凿壁偷光，车胤囊萤夜读，这些故事都生动地展现了他们在艰苦条件下仍然坚持不懈地追求知识的精神。他们的刻苦不仅为自己带来了成就，也为后世树立了榜样。
根据这段文字，匡衡和车胤的故事主要说明了什么？
这段文字明确提到“这些故事都生动地展现了他们在艰苦条件下仍然坚持不懈地追求知识的精神”，这与选项B的内容完全吻合。
这段文字明确提到“这些故事都生动地展现了他们在艰苦条件下仍然坚持不懈地追求知识的精神”，这与选项B的内容完全吻合。
这段文字主要探讨了关于刻苦的哪个方面？
Read this passage:
现代社会竞争激烈，许多人为了在职场上脱颖而出，不得不表现出极大的刻苦精神。他们常常加班到深夜，牺牲个人休息时间，只为完成工作任务或提升自身能力。然而，过度刻苦也可能导致身心俱疲，甚至影响健康。因此，如何在刻苦工作和保持健康之间找到平衡，是一个值得深思的问题。
这段文字主要探讨了关于刻苦的哪个方面？
文章在提到现代职场中刻苦的重要性后，立即引出了“过度刻苦也可能导致身心俱疲，甚至影响健康”以及“如何在刻苦工作和保持健康之间找到平衡”的讨论，因此核心是刻苦与健康的关系。
文章在提到现代职场中刻苦的重要性后，立即引出了“过度刻苦也可能导致身心俱疲，甚至影响健康”以及“如何在刻苦工作和保持健康之间找到平衡”的讨论，因此核心是刻苦与健康的关系。
这位艺术家认为，除了天赋之外，成就艺术的关键是什么？
Read this passage:
一位成功的艺术家在接受采访时分享了他的秘诀：“天赋固然重要，但更重要的是刻苦的练习。我每天都会花数小时练习基本功，即使是最简单的线条，我也力求完美。我相信，只有通过持之以恒的刻苦，才能真正将艺术融入生命，创造出打动人心的作品。”
这位艺术家认为，除了天赋之外，成就艺术的关键是什么？
艺术家明确指出“更重要的是刻苦的练习”和“只有通过持之以恒的刻苦，才能真正将艺术融入生命”，因此持之以恒的刻苦练习是他认为的关键。
艺术家明确指出“更重要的是刻苦的练习”和“只有通过持之以恒的刻苦，才能真正将艺术融入生命”，因此持之以恒的刻苦练习是他认为的关键。
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Perfect score!
Summary
Use 刻苦 to describe someone who works extremely hard, often facing challenges, to achieve success.
- B1 adjective
- hardworking, diligent
- implies enduring some hardship
例文
他学习非常刻苦，成绩一直很好。
関連コンテンツ
workの関連語
充裕的
B2Abundant, ample, or sufficient in quantity.
事故
A2accident; mishap
依照
A2According to; in accordance with.
准确地
A2accurately, precisely
做到
A2to achieve; to accomplish
积极地
A2actively; enthusiastically
应变
B2Adaptive; capable of dealing with emergencies.
行政
A2Administration; the management of affairs.
过后
A2Afterwards; at a later or subsequent time.
赞同
A2To approve of, to endorse; to agree with or support.
