B1 noun ニュートラル 1分で読める

例外

liwai /li⁴⁴ waɪ⁵¹/

An exception is a case that deviates from the established rule or pattern.

30秒でわかる単語

  • Something that does not follow the general rule.
  • Used to describe cases excluded from a standard.
  • Commonly used in formal regulations and daily habits.

Overview

  1. 1概览:'例外'是一个非常实用的词汇,核心含义是‘在规则之外’。它既可以作为名词表示那个特殊的情况,也可以在某些语境下表现出形容词或动词的性质。2) 使用模式:最常见的结构是‘是个例外’或‘没有例外’。它经常用来强调规则的普遍性(如:没有人可以例外)或者规则的打破(如:这次是个例外)。3) 常见语境:在法律、学校校规、科学定律以及日常习惯中经常出现。例如,讨论语法规则时,总会有一些不符合规则的‘例外’词汇。4) 同类词比较:'例外'侧重于与既定规则的不符;'意外'(yìwài)则侧重于事情发生的突然性,通常指意料之外的事故;'特殊'(tèshū)则是一个更广泛的词,指不同于一般的,但不一定非要违反某种规则。'例外'往往隐含着一个已经存在的‘例’或‘规’。

例文

1

每个人都得遵守法律,你也不例外。

everyday

Everyone must obey the law, and you are no exception.

2

这项规定适用于所有员工,无一例外。

formal

This regulation applies to all employees without exception.

3

通常我不喝咖啡,但今天是个例外。

informal

I usually don't drink coffee, but today is an exception.

4

科学定律在特定条件下可能存在例外。

academic

Scientific laws may have exceptions under specific conditions.

よく使う組み合わせ

破例 To break a rule (make an exception)
毫无例外 Without any exception
凡事都有例外 There is an exception to every rule

よく使うフレーズ

下不为例

Not to be repeated (just this once)

例外处理

Exception handling

よく混同される語

例外 vs 意外

'例外' is about rules and standards; '意外' is about unexpected events or accidents.

例外 vs 特殊

'特殊' is a general adjective for 'special'; '例外' is a noun specifically for cases outside a rule.

文法パターン

是个例外 没有例外 除...之外,...是个例外

How to Use It

使い方のコツ

The word '例外' is neutral in tone and can be used in both formal and informal registers. It is frequently preceded by '没有' or '不' to indicate strict adherence to a standard. In spoken Chinese, it's often used to justify a one-time change in behavior.


よくある間違い

English learners sometimes use '意外' (accident/unexpected) when they mean '例外' (exception). For example, saying 'It's an accident that I'm late' when they mean 'My being late is an exception to my usual punctuality.'

Tips

💡

Using 'Exception' to emphasize strictness

Use '没有例外' (without exception) to emphasize that a rule applies to everyone or everything without failure.

⚠️

Don't confuse with 'Special'

While '例外' is '特殊', not everything '特殊' is an '例外'. Use '例外' specifically when a rule is being bypassed.

🌍

Rule of Law vs. Human Sentiment

In Chinese culture, people often seek a '例外' based on personal relationships (人情), though modern society emphasizes 'no exceptions' for rules.

語源

'例' (lì) means precedent or rule; '外' (wài) means outside. Together they describe something falling outside established precedents.

文化的な背景

In Chinese administrative culture, there is a tension between '依规办事' (acting according to rules) and '下不为例' (letting it slide this time but not next time).

覚え方のコツ

Think of '例' as 'Example/Rule' and '外' as 'Outside'. An '例外' is literally something 'Outside the Rule'.

よくある質問

4 問

在现代汉语中,“例外”主要作为名词使用,但在“凡事都有例外”这种固定表达中,它也承担了谓语的功能,类似动词。

“例外”是指不在规则之内,而“意外”是指事情发生得突然,没预料到。比如:下雨是意外,但考试没通过不是例外。

这是一个成语,意思是每一个都在规则之内,没有任何一个情况是特殊的,强调普遍性。

通常用于说明法律条文的适用范围,例如:“法律面前人人平等,谁也不能例外。”

自分をテスト

fill blank

所有的学生都必须参加考试,谁也不能___。

正解! おしい! 正解: a

此处指在规定之外,强调没有人可以不遵守规则,故选“例外”。

multiple choice

这次情况比较___,我们可以破例处理。

正解! おしい! 正解: b

“特殊”与“例外”都含有不同于寻常的意思,且常与“破例”连用。

sentence building

例外 / 规则 / 都有 / 任何 / 似乎

正解! おしい! 正解: a

标准的中文语序为主语+状语+谓语+宾语。

スコア: /3

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