譬如说 30秒で
- Introduces examples or hypothetical situations.
- Similar to 'for example' or 'let's say' in English.
- Used to clarify or illustrate a point.
- Common in both spoken and written Chinese.
'譬如说' (pìrú shuō) is a common Chinese phrase that translates to 'for instance,' 'for example,' or 'let's say.' It serves as a way to introduce an example or a hypothetical situation to illustrate a point or clarify an idea. You'll encounter this phrase frequently in both spoken and written Chinese, especially when someone wants to provide concrete evidence or a relatable scenario to support their argument or explanation.
- Literal Meaning
- '譬如' means 'for example' or 'like,' and '说' means 'to say.' So, literally, it's like saying 'for example, to say...' or 'like saying...'
- Usage Contexts
- It's used to introduce explanations, clarify abstract concepts, provide evidence, or even to pose a hypothetical question. It's a versatile phrase that adds clarity and depth to communication.
我们应该多吃蔬菜，譬如说，菠菜和胡萝卜对身体很有好处。
When you're learning a new concept in Chinese, try to think of real-world examples that fit the description. Using '譬如说' in your own sentences will help solidify your understanding and make your communication more effective. It's a phrase that makes your speech or writing more engaging and easier to follow. Imagine you're telling a story and you want to paint a vivid picture for your audience; '譬如说' is the tool you'd use to introduce specific details that make the story come alive. It's also useful when you want to soften a statement or offer a suggestion without being too direct. For example, instead of saying 'You must do this,' you might say 'You could consider doing this,譬如说, trying option A first.'
如果想提高汉语水平，譬如说，可以每天读一篇短文。
- Structure
- '譬如说' is typically placed at the beginning of a clause or sentence that introduces the example. It can also appear after a general statement.
他有很多爱好，譬如说，他喜欢画画、弹钢琴和摄影。
Using '譬如说' effectively involves understanding its role in structuring arguments and explanations. It acts as a signpost, guiding your listener or reader through your thought process. Typically, you would present a general idea or statement first, and then follow it with '譬如说' to introduce one or more specific examples that support or clarify that idea. This makes your communication more concrete and easier to grasp.
- Introducing Examples
- The most common usage is to introduce specific instances that exemplify a broader point. For example, if you're discussing the benefits of exercise, you might say: '运动对健康有很多好处，譬如说，它可以增强心肺功能，帮助控制体重，还能改善情绪。' (Exercise has many benefits for health; for instance, it can strengthen cardiovascular function, help control weight, and also improve mood.)
- Clarifying Concepts
- When explaining an abstract or complex idea, '譬如说' can be used to provide a tangible example. For instance, explaining the concept of 'opportunity cost': '经济学里有一个概念叫机会成本，譬如说，你选择花时间学习汉语，你就放弃了用这段时间做其他事情的机会。' (There's a concept in economics called opportunity cost; for example, if you choose to spend time learning Chinese, you give up the opportunity to do other things with that time.)
- Hypothetical Scenarios
- It can also be used to introduce a hypothetical situation to make a point. For example: '如果我们不提前做好计划，譬如说，旅行途中遇到交通堵塞，就会很麻烦。' (If we don't plan ahead, for example, if we encounter traffic jams during the trip, it will be very troublesome.)
为了保持健康，我们应该注意饮食，譬如说，少吃油炸食品，多吃蔬菜水果。
The placement of '譬如说' is usually at the beginning of the clause that contains the example. It connects the example directly to the preceding statement. You can list multiple examples after '譬如说,' often separated by commas or conjunctions like '和' (and).
这个城市有很多历史遗迹，譬如说，古老的城墙、寺庙和博物馆。
- Flexibility in Sentence Structure
- While it often introduces an example, '譬如说' can sometimes be used to introduce a hypothetical situation or a suggestion, making it quite versatile. For instance, '如果你觉得累了，譬如说，可以先休息一下再继续工作。' (If you feel tired, for example, you can rest for a while before continuing to work.)
学习一门新语言需要耐心和毅力，譬如说，遇到困难时不要轻易放弃。
You'll hear '譬如说' in a wide variety of everyday conversations and more formal settings in Chinese-speaking communities. It's a phrase that adds a natural flow to speech, making explanations clearer and more relatable. Pay attention to how native speakers use it, as it often comes up when they are trying to illustrate a point, share a personal experience, or explain a concept.
- In Casual Conversations
- Friends discussing plans, family members sharing advice, or colleagues chatting about daily life – '譬如说' is a common interjection. For example, someone might say, '我最近在学做饭，譬如说，昨天我试着做了宫保鸡丁，味道还不错。' (I've been learning to cook recently; for instance, yesterday I tried making Kung Pao chicken, and it tasted quite good.)
- In Educational Settings
- Teachers explaining new concepts in classrooms, university lecturers delivering talks, or language instructors demonstrating grammar points often use '譬如说' to provide examples. '语法有很多规则，譬如说，动词的时态变化，名词的复数形式等等。' (There are many grammar rules; for example, verb tense changes, noun plural forms, and so on.)
- In Media and Presentations
- News anchors, documentary narrators, and speakers at conferences will use '譬如说' to make their content more accessible. Imagine a presentation about environmental issues: '我们需要采取措施保护环境，譬如说，减少使用一次性塑料制品，推广可再生能源。' (We need to take measures to protect the environment; for example, reduce the use of single-use plastic products and promote renewable energy.)
这个城市有很多值得参观的地方，譬如说，故宫博物院，长城，还有颐和园。
It's also common in public service announcements, advertisements, and even in literature. Essentially, any situation where clarity and illustration are needed is a prime place to encounter '譬如说.' When you hear it, anticipate an example that will help you understand the preceding statement better. This phrase is a cornerstone of clear and effective communication in Chinese.
我们应该养成良好的生活习惯，譬如说，早睡早起，均衡饮食，坚持锻炼。
- In Online Content
- Blogs, vlogs, and online tutorials often use '譬如说' to explain how to do something or to give recommendations. For instance, a travel blogger might say, '去北京旅游，有很多交通方式可以选择，譬如说，你可以坐地铁，也可以打车。' (When traveling to Beijing, there are many transportation options to choose from; for example, you can take the subway, or you can take a taxi.)
学习任何技能都需要时间和练习，譬如说，学钢琴需要每天练习。
While '譬如说' is a very useful phrase, learners sometimes make mistakes in its usage, often related to placement, redundancy, or choosing it when a simpler alternative would suffice. Being aware of these common pitfalls can help you use the phrase more accurately and naturally.
- Redundant Usage
- Sometimes learners might use '譬如说' immediately after another word that already means 'for example' or 'like,' leading to redundancy. For instance, saying '例如，譬如说...' (For example, for instance...) is unnecessary. Stick to one or the other.
- Incorrect Placement
- '譬如说' typically introduces an example. Placing it in the middle of a statement without a clear preceding general idea can sound awkward. It should logically follow a statement that needs illustration. For example, instead of '我譬如说喜欢吃苹果' (I for instance like to eat apples), it should be '我喜欢吃水果，譬如说，苹果。' (I like to eat fruit; for example, apples.)
- Overuse in Simple Sentences
- While '譬如说' is versatile, it's not always necessary. For very simple, direct statements, using it can make the sentence sound more complicated than it needs to be. For instance, if you're just listing items, you might not need '譬如说.' If you're saying 'I like apples,' you don't need '我喜欢吃水果，譬如说，苹果。' unless you're contrasting it with other fruits or emphasizing it as an example of your preference.
Mistake: 他有很多爱好，譬如说，他喜欢看书，譬如说，他喜欢听音乐。
Another common error is misinterpreting its function as a general connector. '譬如说' specifically introduces examples. If you're trying to connect two independent clauses or show a cause-and-effect relationship, other conjunctions would be more appropriate.
Mistake: 我想去旅游，譬如说，我需要存钱。
- Confusing with Other Connectors
- Learners might confuse '譬如说' with words like '所以' (therefore), '因为' (because), or '但是' (but). '譬如说' is about providing instances, not about logical consequence, reason, or contrast.
Mistake: 他很聪明，譬如说，他总是能解决问题。
While '譬如说' is a widely used and effective phrase for introducing examples, Chinese offers several alternatives, each with subtle differences in nuance, formality, and common usage. Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow you to choose the most appropriate word for any given situation.
- 例如 (lìrú)
- This is perhaps the most direct and common synonym for '譬如说.' '例如' is generally considered slightly more formal than '譬如说' and is very frequently used in written Chinese, as well as in formal spoken contexts.
Comparison: Both '譬如说' and '例如' mean 'for example.' '例如' is often preferred in academic writing and formal speeches, while '譬如说' can feel a bit more conversational. However, they are largely interchangeable in many contexts.
Example: '有很多方法可以减肥，例如，控制饮食和增加运动。' (There are many ways to lose weight; for example, controlling diet and increasing exercise.) - 比如 (bǐrú)
- '比如' is another very common alternative, often used interchangeably with '譬如说' and '例如.' It's generally considered informal to neutral in tone and is widely used in spoken Chinese.
Comparison: '比如' is very similar to '譬如说' in terms of its conversational tone. It's slightly more concise than '譬如说' as it omits the '说' (to say).
Example: '我喜欢吃水果，比如苹果、香蕉和橘子。' (I like to eat fruit, such as apples, bananas, and oranges.) - 就说 (jiù shuō)
- This phrase is used to introduce a specific example, often in a more emphatic or direct way. It's more common in spoken language and can sometimes imply 'to take for example' or 'let's just say.'
Comparison: '就说' is less about introducing a general example and more about highlighting a specific instance to make a point. It often implies a direct illustration.
Example: '你看看他，就说他今天迟到了。' (Look at him; just take him as an example, he was late today.) This implies that his lateness is a clear illustration of a point being made.
Comparison Table:
Phrase Formality Common Usage 譬如说 (pìrú shuō) Neutral to Informal Spoken and written, conversational 例如 (lìrú) Neutral to Formal Written, formal spoken 比如 (bǐrú) Informal to Neutral Spoken, very common 就说 (jiù shuō) Informal Spoken, emphatic illustration
Choosing the right word depends on the context and the desired tone. For instance, if you are writing an academic paper, '例如' would be the most appropriate choice. If you are chatting with friends, '比如' or '譬如说' would sound more natural. '就说' is best reserved for situations where you want to highlight a specific instance as a prime example.
Alternative Example using 比如:
我有很多运动爱好，比如跑步、游泳和打篮球。
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The character '譬' (pì) itself is composed of '口' (mouth) and '辟' (to open, to explain), suggesting the act of speaking or explaining something by comparison. The character '如' (rú) often conveys a sense of similarity or resemblance.
発音ガイド
- Not aspirating the 'p' in '譬' (pì). It should sound like 'p' in 'pin', not 'p' in 'spin'.
- Pronouncing 'ru' too strongly or too weakly. It should be a clear 'roo' sound.
- Confusing the 'shuo' sound with other similar sounds. It's a distinct 'shwoh' sound.
難易度
At a B2 CEFR level, learners are expected to understand the main ideas of complex texts. '譬如说' is a common phrase that appears frequently, making it relatively easy to comprehend when encountered in context. Recognizing its function as an introduction to examples is key.
Learners at B2 can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects. Using '譬如说' correctly requires understanding its role in structuring arguments and providing clarity. Practicing its usage in various sentence structures is important.
At B2, learners can interact with a degree of fluency. Using '譬如说' naturally in conversation helps make explanations more engaging and understandable. It's a useful tool for spontaneous speech.
Understanding spoken Chinese at B2 involves comprehending the main ideas of complex speech. '譬如说' acts as a signal that an example is coming, aiding comprehension and prediction.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Using conjunctions to connect clauses.
The phrase '譬如说' functions as a connector, linking a general statement to its illustrative example. Understanding how conjunctions work is crucial for sentence structure.
Sentence structure in Chinese: Subject-Verb-Object.
While '譬如说' is a phrase, the sentences it connects follow standard Chinese sentence patterns. For instance, '我喜欢水果 (SVO)，譬如说，苹果 (Example)'.
Conditional sentences.
'譬如说' can be used in conditional sentences to introduce a hypothetical scenario. '如果...，譬如说，...' (If..., for example,...).
Listing examples.
When listing multiple examples after '譬如说,' use commas or conjunctions like '和' (and) appropriately. '譬如说，A，B，和 C。'
Formality and Register.
While '譬如说' is generally neutral, its synonyms like '例如' (formal) and '比如' (informal) show how register affects word choice.
レベル別の例文
你好，譬如说，今天天气很好。
Hello, for example, the weather is very good today.
This is a very basic sentence. '譬如说' is used here in a way that might be slightly unnatural for a native speaker in this simple context, but it serves to introduce the idea of the weather being good as an example of a pleasant day.
我喜欢水果，譬如说，苹果。
I like fruit, for example, apples.
Simple statement followed by a specific example. This is a good way to introduce '譬如说' at an A1 level.
这是我的朋友，譬如说，他叫李明。
This is my friend, for example, his name is Li Ming.
Introducing a person as an example. The '譬如说' here might be slightly formal for introducing a name, but it illustrates the structure.
我们需要学习，譬如说，学习汉语。
We need to study, for example, study Chinese.
A general statement about needing to study, followed by a specific subject of study.
这个东西很好，譬如说，它很便宜。
This thing is very good, for example, it is very cheap.
Giving a reason or characteristic as an example of why something is good.
我们去公园，譬如说，今天下午。
We are going to the park, for example, this afternoon.
Specifying a time as an example for an activity.
我有很多书，譬如说，这本是关于历史的。
I have many books, for example, this one is about history.
Showing a specific item from a collection as an example.
他喜欢运动，譬如说，他喜欢踢足球。
He likes sports, for example, he likes to play football.
Stating a general preference and then a specific instance of that preference.
为了健康，我们应该多吃蔬菜，譬如说，西兰花和番茄。
For health, we should eat more vegetables; for instance, broccoli and tomatoes.
Introducing specific examples of vegetables that are good for health.
这个城市有很多有趣的地方，譬如说，博物馆和公园。
This city has many interesting places; for example, museums and parks.
Listing specific types of interesting places in a city.
学习汉语需要耐心，譬如说，要经常练习听力。
Learning Chinese requires patience; for example, one must practice listening often.
Providing a specific action as an example of what patience in learning Chinese entails.
我有很多爱好，譬如说，我喜欢看电影和听音乐。
I have many hobbies; for example, I like watching movies and listening to music.
Listing two common hobbies as examples.
如果下雨，譬如说，我们就在家看书。
If it rains, for example, we will read at home.
Using '譬如说' to introduce a hypothetical situation and the corresponding action.
他是一个很有帮助的人，譬如说，上次他帮我解决了问题。
He is a very helpful person; for example, last time he helped me solve a problem.
Giving a past instance as an example of someone's helpfulness.
我们需要节约用水，譬如说，洗澡时不要开太久的水。
We need to save water; for example, don't leave the water running too long when showering.
Providing a specific action as an example of water conservation.
这个项目有很多挑战，譬如说，资金不足。
This project has many challenges; for example, insufficient funding.
Listing a specific challenge as an example for a project.
为了提高工作效率，我们可以尝试一些新的方法，譬如说，优化工作流程或者使用更高效的工具。
To improve work efficiency, we can try some new methods; for instance, optimizing work processes or using more efficient tools.
Introducing two concrete methods for improving work efficiency.
环境污染是一个严重的问题，譬如说，空气污染影响着我们的健康，水污染破坏着生态系统。
Environmental pollution is a serious problem; for example, air pollution affects our health, and water pollution damages ecosystems.
Providing two distinct examples of environmental pollution and their consequences.
学习一门新语言需要时间和毅力，譬如说，你可能需要花费数月甚至数年才能达到流利的程度。
Learning a new language requires time and perseverance; for example, you might need to spend months or even years to achieve fluency.
Illustrating the time commitment required for language learning with a specific duration.
有很多方法可以缓解压力，譬如说，进行体育锻炼、冥想或者与朋友聊天。
There are many ways to relieve stress; for example, engaging in physical exercise, meditation, or chatting with friends.
Listing three common stress-relief activities.
如果我们不注意保护环境，譬如说，大量砍伐森林，将会导致严重的后果。
If we don't pay attention to environmental protection, for example, by cutting down forests extensively, it will lead to serious consequences.
Using '譬如说' to introduce a specific harmful action related to environmental protection.
这个软件有很多实用的功能，譬如说，它可以自动保存文件，还能进行数据分析。
This software has many practical functions; for example, it can automatically save files and also perform data analysis.
Highlighting two specific functionalities of a software as examples.
了解不同文化很重要，譬如说，尊重他人的习俗和信仰。
Understanding different cultures is important; for example, respecting the customs and beliefs of others.
Giving a specific action as an example of understanding different cultures.
为了应对气候变化，我们需要采取全球性的措施，譬如说，减少碳排放和发展清洁能源。
To cope with climate change, we need to take global measures; for example, reducing carbon emissions and developing clean energy.
Listing two major global strategies for addressing climate change.
现代社会信息爆炸，我们需要学会辨别信息的真伪，譬如说，通过查证信息来源和交叉比对不同报道。
In modern society, there is an information explosion; we need to learn to discern the authenticity of information; for instance, by verifying information sources and cross-referencing different reports.
Introducing two methods for verifying information in an information-saturated environment.
可持续发展要求我们在经济增长的同时，也要关注环境保护和社会公平，譬如说，推广绿色建筑和保障劳工权益。
Sustainable development requires us to focus on environmental protection and social equity while pursuing economic growth; for example, promoting green buildings and safeguarding labor rights.
Providing two specific examples of actions that contribute to sustainable development.
在跨文化交流中，理解对方的非语言沟通方式至关重要，譬如说，肢体语言、面部表情和眼神交流的含义可能因文化而异。
In cross-cultural communication, understanding the other party's non-verbal communication methods is crucial; for instance, the meanings of body language, facial expressions, and eye contact can vary by culture.
Listing specific aspects of non-verbal communication that can differ across cultures.
科技的飞速发展给我们的生活带来了巨大便利，譬如说，智能手机的普及改变了人们的沟通和获取信息的方式。
The rapid development of technology has brought great convenience to our lives; for example, the widespread adoption of smartphones has changed the way people communicate and access information.
Using the example of smartphones to illustrate the impact of technology.
如果我们不积极应对老龄化社会带来的挑战，譬如说，医疗保健系统的压力增大和劳动力短缺，将会对社会稳定造成影响。
If we do not actively respond to the challenges brought by an aging society, for example, increased pressure on the healthcare system and labor shortages, it will affect social stability.
Highlighting two major challenges associated with an aging society.
研究表明，定期进行体育锻炼不仅有益于身体健康，譬如说，能降低患心血管疾病的风险，还能显著改善心理健康。
Research shows that regular physical exercise is not only beneficial for physical health, for example, it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, but also significantly improve mental health.
Giving a specific health benefit of exercise as an example.
在制定公共政策时，需要充分考虑各种因素，譬如说，经济影响、社会接受度和长期可持续性。
When formulating public policy, various factors need to be fully considered; for instance, economic impact, social acceptance, and long-term sustainability.
Listing three key considerations for public policy development.
人工智能的应用前景广阔，譬如说，在医疗诊断、自动驾驶和个性化教育等领域都将发挥重要作用。
The application prospects of artificial intelligence are vast; for example, it will play an important role in fields such as medical diagnosis, autonomous driving, and personalized education.
Providing three diverse examples of AI applications.
全球化进程深刻地改变了世界格局，譬如说，跨国贸易的增长促进了经济一体化，但也加剧了文化同质化的担忧。
The process of globalization has profoundly changed the world order; for instance, the growth of international trade has promoted economic integration, but it has also exacerbated concerns about cultural homogenization.
Illustrating the dual impact of globalization with economic integration and cultural concerns.
在复杂的科学研究中，研究人员需要严谨的逻辑思维和批判性分析能力，譬如说，他们需要能够评估实验数据的可靠性并识别潜在的偏见。
In complex scientific research, researchers need rigorous logical thinking and critical analysis skills; for example, they need to be able to assess the reliability of experimental data and identify potential biases.
Listing two essential analytical skills required in scientific research.
后现代主义艺术常常挑战传统的审美观念，譬如说，它可能运用拼贴、现成品等手法，模糊了艺术与生活的界限。
Postmodern art often challenges traditional aesthetic concepts; for instance, it may employ techniques such as collage and ready-mades, blurring the boundaries between art and life.
Providing specific artistic techniques used in postmodernism as examples.
面对日益严峻的环境挑战，各国必须协同合作，譬如说，共同制定和执行减排目标，并加大对可再生能源的投资。
Facing increasingly severe environmental challenges, countries must cooperate; for example, jointly setting and implementing emission reduction targets, and increasing investment in renewable energy.
Listing two collaborative actions nations can take to address environmental challenges.
教育的本质在于启发学生的独立思考能力，譬如说，鼓励他们质疑权威，勇于探索未知领域。
The essence of education lies in inspiring students' independent thinking ability; for example, encouraging them to question authority and dare to explore unknown fields.
Giving two examples of how to foster independent thinking in students.
数字鸿沟的存在可能加剧社会不平等，譬如说，缺乏数字技能的人群在就业和信息获取方面将处于劣势。
The existence of the digital divide may exacerbate social inequality; for instance, populations lacking digital skills will be at a disadvantage in terms of employment and information access.
Illustrating the impact of the digital divide with specific disadvantages.
在进行商业谈判时，理解对方的文化背景和沟通习惯至关重要，譬如说，了解他们对时间观念和决策过程的看法。
When conducting business negotiations, understanding the other party's cultural background and communication habits is crucial; for example, understanding their views on the concept of time and decision-making processes.
Listing two cultural aspects relevant to business negotiations.
历史事件的发生往往是多种因素相互作用的结果，譬如说，政治、经济、社会和文化等因素都可能产生深远影响。
The occurrence of historical events is often the result of the interaction of multiple factors; for instance, political, economic, social, and cultural factors can all have profound impacts.
Listing four major categories of factors that influence historical events.
后真相时代，公众舆论的形成受到复杂因素的影响，譬如说，社交媒体算法的操纵、信息茧房效应以及情绪化叙事的泛滥。
In the post-truth era, the formation of public opinion is influenced by complex factors; for instance, manipulation of social media algorithms, the echo chamber effect, and the proliferation of emotional narratives.
Listing three sophisticated factors influencing public opinion in the post-truth era.
量子计算的潜力在于其能够解决传统计算机无法企及的复杂问题，譬如说，在药物研发、材料科学和密码学等领域将带来革命性的突破。
The potential of quantum computing lies in its ability to solve complex problems that traditional computers cannot reach; for example, it will bring revolutionary breakthroughs in fields such as drug discovery, materials science, and cryptography.
Providing three highly specialized fields where quantum computing is expected to make a revolutionary impact.
哲学思辨的价值在于其能够挑战我们固有的认知框架，譬如说，通过对存在、意识和道德本质的追问，促使我们重新审视自身和他人的存在。
The value of philosophical speculation lies in its ability to challenge our inherent cognitive frameworks; for instance, by inquiring into the nature of existence, consciousness, and morality, it prompts us to re-examine our own and others' being.
Listing three fundamental philosophical concepts that speculative thought explores.
在后殖民语境下，文化身份的建构是一个充满张力的过程，譬如说，既要回应本土传统，又要处理西方文化的渗透和影响。
In the post-colonial context, the construction of cultural identity is a tense process; for instance, it requires both responding to indigenous traditions and dealing with the infiltration and influence of Western culture.
Highlighting two opposing forces in the construction of post-colonial cultural identity.
人工智能伦理面临的挑战是多层面的，譬如说，算法的偏见、隐私的侵犯以及自主武器的潜在风险。
The challenges of artificial intelligence ethics are multi-faceted; for instance, algorithmic bias, invasion of privacy, and the potential risks of autonomous weapons.
Listing three significant ethical concerns related to artificial intelligence.
气候变化对全球生态系统造成了不可逆转的影响，譬如说，海平面上升威胁沿海城市，极端天气事件频发破坏农业生产。
Climate change has caused irreversible impacts on global ecosystems; for example, rising sea levels threaten coastal cities, and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events disrupts agricultural production.
Providing two severe consequences of climate change on ecosystems and human infrastructure.
现代艺术的多元化发展体现在其对媒介、形式和观念的不断探索，譬如说，观念艺术强调思想的优先性，而装置艺术则注重空间体验。
The diverse development of modern art is reflected in its continuous exploration of media, forms, and concepts; for instance, conceptual art emphasizes the primacy of ideas, while installation art focuses on spatial experience.
Contrasting two distinct movements in modern art based on their focus.
经济全球化在促进资源优化配置的同时，也可能导致区域发展不平衡，譬如说，发达国家和发展中国家之间的贫富差距可能进一步扩大。
While economic globalization promotes the optimal allocation of resources, it may also lead to unbalanced regional development; for example, the gap between rich and poor between developed and developing countries may widen further.
Illustrating the potential negative consequence of economic globalization on regional development.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— This phrase is used to introduce a list of examples, often implying that there are multiple instances of something.
有很多学习方法，譬如说，有很多方法可以提高记忆力。
— This is used to suggest an action or a course of action as an example or a possibility.
为了解决这个问题，譬如说，我们可以尝试几种不同的方案。
— This structure is used to provide geographical or contextual examples.
在亚洲，譬如说，在很多国家，人们都喜欢喝茶。
— This phrase is used to introduce a comparison or analogy as an example.
他的声音很有特点，譬如说，就像一个老唱片机发出的声音。
— This is a more explicit way to introduce a single, clear example.
有很多关于环保的活动，譬如说，一个例子是植树节的活动。
— Used to give examples of people's actions, behaviors, or characteristics.
他是一个非常慷慨的人，譬如说，他经常捐款给慈善机构。
— This is used to describe a specific scenario or situation as an example.
在紧急情况下，譬如说，这种情况，我们需要保持冷静。
— Used to describe the characteristics or features of an object, concept, or phenomenon as examples.
这个新软件功能很强大，譬如说，它能够处理大量数据。
— Introduces a few examples from a larger group.
有很多种类的水果，譬如说，一些常见的有苹果、香蕉和橙子。
— This is a redundant construction and should be avoided. It's like saying 'for example, for example.'
Avoid saying: 譬如说，比如苹果。
よく混同される語
'例如' is very similar and often interchangeable with '譬如说.' The main difference is that '例如' is generally considered more formal and is more common in written Chinese, while '譬如说' is more conversational.
'比如' is also a very close synonym and is widely used, especially in spoken Chinese. It's often considered slightly more informal than '譬如说' but is generally interchangeable in casual contexts.
'所以' means 'therefore' or 'so,' indicating a consequence. '譬如说' introduces an example, not a result. Confusing these would lead to incorrect logical connections in sentences.
慣用句と表現
— This is a common way to explicitly ask for or introduce an example. It means 'for example, to give an example.'
这个概念有点抽象，譬如说，举个例子，就像我们平时说的‘机会成本’。
Neutral— This is a more colloquial way to ask for an example or a comparison. It means 'for example, like what?'
我喜欢很多种音乐，譬如说，像什么？流行音乐、摇滚乐都听。
Informal— This means 'for example, taking... as an example.' It's a slightly more formal way to introduce a specific case.
在讨论创新时，譬如说，以苹果公司为例，我们可以看到很多成功的创新。
Neutral to Formal— This is used to draw a comparison or analogy to illustrate a point. It means 'for example, just like...'
学习汉语需要耐心，譬如说，就像爬一座很高的山一样，需要一步一步来。
Neutral— This means 'for example, to make an analogy.' It's a very conversational way to introduce a comparison.
这个情况很复杂，譬如说，打个比方，就像在一个迷宫里。
Informal— This means 'for example, taking... as an example.' It's often used to highlight a specific person, thing, or situation.
中国有很多美丽的城市，譬如说，就拿北京来说，它有悠久的历史。
Neutral— This is a more literary or formal way of saying 'for example' or 'such as.' It's often used in written contexts.
许多国家都在努力发展经济，如，中国在过去几十年取得了显著成就。
Formal— This is a redundant phrase and should be avoided. It's like saying 'for example, for example.'
Avoid: 譬如说，比如说，天气很好。
Avoid— This is a more formal and literary way to introduce examples, similar to 'such as.'
在科学研究领域，诸如物理学、化学和生物学等学科都取得了重大进展。
Formal— This means 'for example' or 'for instance.' It's very similar to '譬如说' and '比方说.'
为了省钱，比方，你可以自己做饭而不是在外面吃。
Neutral間違えやすい
Both '譬如说' and '例如' serve the function of introducing examples and are often used interchangeably.
'譬如说' tends to be more conversational and can be used in both spoken and written Chinese, often with a slightly more explanatory tone. '例如' is generally more formal and is very common in written texts, academic papers, and formal speeches.
For '譬如说': 我有很多爱好，譬如说，我喜欢看书。 For '例如': 学习汉语的方法有很多，例如，多听多说。
'比如' is another very common synonym for 'for example' and is frequently used in spoken contexts, making it easy to confuse with '譬如说'.
'比如' is often considered slightly more informal than '譬如说' and is extremely common in everyday spoken Chinese. While '譬如说' can also be informal, '比如' has a more casual feel and is generally preferred in relaxed conversations.
For '譬如说': 我们可以做很多事情，譬如说，去公园散步。 For '比如': 我喜欢吃水果，比如苹果和香蕉。
Both phrases are used to introduce examples, and '就说' can sometimes be a very direct way of saying 'for example'.
'就说' often implies a more direct or emphatic illustration, almost like 'take this specific instance as proof.' It's more colloquial and can be used to highlight a particular case. '譬如说' is a more general introducer of examples or hypothetical situations.
For '譬如说': 他很努力，譬如说，他每天都学习到很晚。 For '就说': 你看看他，就说他今天又迟到了，这怎么能行？
Both phrases introduce examples or comparisons.
'打个比方' literally means 'to make an analogy' or 'to draw a comparison.' It's more conversational and often used when trying to explain something complex by relating it to something simpler or more familiar. '譬如说' is a more straightforward introduction of an example.
For '譬如说': 学习需要毅力，譬如说，每天练习。 For '打个比方': 学习汉语就像爬山一样，打个比方，需要一步一步来。
Both are used to introduce examples or lists.
'诸如' is a more formal, literary, and often written term. It's typically used to introduce a list of items or examples that are representative of a larger category. '譬如说' is more versatile and common in spoken contexts.
For '譬如说': 很多城市都有历史遗迹，譬如说，北京的故宫。 For '诸如': 许多国家都面临挑战，诸如气候变化、经济波动等。
文型パターン
Statement + 譬如说 + Noun.
我喜欢吃水果，譬如说，苹果。
Statement + 譬如说 + Verb Phrase.
为了健康，譬如说，我们要多运动。
General Idea + 譬如说 + Specific Instance.
学习汉语需要耐心，譬如说，每天都要复习。
Hypothetical Condition + 譬如说 + Result/Action.
如果下雨，譬如说，我们就在家看电影。
Complex Statement + 譬如说 + Detailed Example.
科技发展很快，譬如说，智能手机的功能越来越强大。
Listing multiple examples introduced by 譬如说.
有很多种类的花，譬如说，玫瑰、郁金香和百合。
Abstract Concept + 譬如说 + Concrete Illustration.
理解文化多样性很重要，譬如说，尊重不同的习俗和信仰。
Problem Statement + 譬如说 + Specific Challenge.
环境问题很严重，譬如说，空气污染影响健康。
語族
関連
使い方
High
-
Using '譬如说' redundantly.
→
Use either '譬如说' or '例如'/'比如', not both together.
Saying '例如，譬如说...' is like saying 'for example, for example...' in English. It's unnecessary. Choose one phrase to introduce your example.
-
Placing '譬如说' incorrectly in a sentence.
→
Place '譬如说' after a general statement and before the specific example it illustrates.
Incorrect: '我譬如说喜欢吃苹果。' Correct: '我喜欢吃水果，譬如说，苹果。' The phrase should logically connect a general idea to its illustration.
-
Confusing '譬如说' with consequence indicators.
→
Use '譬如说' for examples and words like '所以' (therefore) or '因此' (thus) for consequences.
Saying '他努力学习，譬如说，他考上了大学' is illogical. It should be '他努力学习，所以他考上了大学' (He studied hard, therefore he got into university).
-
Overusing '譬如说' in simple statements.
→
Use '譬如说' when an example is genuinely needed for clarification or illustration.
Saying '我喜欢苹果，譬如说，苹果' is redundant. If the statement is clear on its own, '譬如说' is not needed.
-
Using '譬如说' to introduce unrelated information.
→
Ensure the example directly clarifies or supports the preceding statement.
Saying '天气很好，譬如说，我今天很忙' doesn't make sense. The example should be relevant to the statement.
ヒント
Connect General to Specific
Always think of '譬如说' as a bridge. It connects a general statement or idea to a specific, concrete example that helps the listener or reader understand it better. Ensure there's a clear general point before you introduce your example.
Aspirated 'P' and 'Shuo' Sound
Pay attention to the aspirated 'p' (pì) at the beginning, similar to the 'p' in 'pin.' Also, practice the 'shuo' sound, which is distinct and common in Mandarin. Listening to native speakers will help you perfect these sounds.
Create Your Own Examples
When you learn a new concept, try to think of your own examples and practice using '譬如说' to introduce them. This active learning method will significantly improve your retention and fluency.
Listen to Native Speakers
Pay close attention to how native Chinese speakers use '譬如说' in movies, dramas, podcasts, and conversations. Note the context, the examples they provide, and the overall tone.
Avoid Redundancy
Be careful not to use '譬如说' immediately after another phrase that means 'for example,' such as '例如' or '比如.' This creates redundancy and sounds unnatural. Stick to one.
Know Your Synonyms
While '譬如说' is versatile, familiarize yourself with '例如' (more formal) and '比如' (more informal/conversational). Choosing the right synonym will enhance the nuance and appropriateness of your language.
Sentence Construction Practice
Write sentences using '譬如说' in various contexts: explaining a hobby, describing a problem, giving advice, or discussing a hypothetical situation. The more you practice, the more natural it will become.
Anticipate Examples
When you hear or read '譬如说,' train yourself to expect an example. This predictive listening/reading skill will improve your comprehension speed and accuracy.
Clarity is Key
In Chinese communication, clarity is highly valued. Using '譬如说' effectively shows you are making an effort to be clear and thorough, which is appreciated.
Illustrating Nuances
Beyond simple examples, '譬如说' can also be used to illustrate subtle differences, exceptions, or nuanced aspects of a topic. This is a sign of more advanced language proficiency.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine you're telling a story. You say, 'I love fruits.' Then you pause and say, '譬 (Pi) 如 (ru) 说 (shuo)...' and you might point to an apple and say 'apple!' The sound 'pi-ru-shuo' sounds a bit like 'pee-ru-sure' – 'Are you sure you want an apple? Yes, I'm sure!' It's a stretch, but the idea is to introduce a specific example.
視覚的連想
Picture a person holding up an apple as an example while explaining something. The apple is the 'example' being 'said'. You can also visualize the characters: '口' (mouth) in '譬' implies speaking, '如' (like) implies comparison, and '说' (speak) reinforces the idea of giving an example out loud.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try to explain a complex concept you know well (e.g., your hobby, a scientific principle) to someone who knows nothing about it, using '譬如说' at least three times to provide concrete examples. This will force you to actively think about how to illustrate your points.
語源
'譬如说' is a compound phrase. '譬如' itself has roots in classical Chinese, meaning 'like' or 'for example.' The addition of '说' (to say) makes it a more explicit instruction to provide an example.
元の意味： The original meaning of '譬如' is to compare something to something else, or to present something as an example. '说' simply adds the action of speaking or stating.
Sino-Tibetan languages文化的な背景
The phrase itself is neutral and does not carry any sensitive connotations. Its usage is purely functional for providing examples. However, the examples provided should be culturally appropriate and respectful.
In English, we have several similar phrases like 'for example,' 'for instance,' 'such as,' and 'let's say.' The choice often depends on formality and the specific context.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Explaining a concept or idea.
- 譬如说，...
- 可以这样理解，譬如说，...
- 举个例子，譬如说，...
Providing advice or suggestions.
- 你应该这样做，譬如说，...
- 一种方法是，譬如说，...
- 为了达到这个目标，譬如说，...
Describing personal experiences or observations.
- 我记得有一次，譬如说，...
- 我看到很多，譬如说，...
- 生活中有许多例子，譬如说，...
Discussing problems or challenges.
- 问题有很多，譬如说，...
- 一个挑战是，譬如说，...
- 在这种情况下，譬如说，...
Comparing and contrasting.
- 和...一样，譬如说，...
- 不像...，譬如说，...
- 两者都...，譬如说，...
会話のきっかけ
"What's a good example to illustrate this point?"
"Can you give me a specific instance of that?"
"How would you explain that in simpler terms with an example?"
"Let's say we were in that situation, what would happen?"
"Could you provide a concrete example to help me understand?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you used '譬如说' to explain something to someone. What was the situation and how did it help?
Think of a concept you recently learned in Chinese. Write a short paragraph explaining it, using '譬如说' to give at least two examples.
Imagine you are teaching a new student about Chinese culture. What examples would you use, and how would you introduce them with '譬如说'?
Write a short story or anecdote where '譬如说' plays a key role in clarifying a misunderstanding or making a point.
Reflect on a common mistake you've made when using '譬如说' or similar phrases. How can you avoid it in the future?
よくある質問
10 問'譬如说' and '比如' are generally more conversational and common in spoken Chinese, with '比如' often being slightly more informal. '例如' is typically more formal and frequently used in writing and academic contexts. However, in many everyday situations, they are interchangeable.
Yes, '譬如说' can be used to introduce hypothetical situations. For example, '如果我们不提前计划，譬如说，路上堵车，就会很麻烦。' (If we don't plan ahead, for example, if there's traffic, it will be very troublesome.)
Yes, '譬如说' can often be used at the beginning of a clause or sentence to introduce an example that follows a general statement. For instance: '有很多健康食品，譬如说，蔬菜和水果对身体很好。'
Yes, you can list multiple examples after '譬如说.' They are usually separated by commas or conjunctions like '和' (and). For example: '他有很多爱好，譬如说，看书、听音乐和画画。'
'譬如说' is generally considered neutral to informal. It's very common in spoken Chinese and can be used in many everyday written contexts. For more formal situations, '例如' might be preferred.
Literally, '譬如' means 'like' or 'for example,' and '说' means 'to say.' So, it's like saying 'for example, to say...' or 'like saying...'
It's best to use '譬如说' when you are providing an example to clarify or illustrate a point. If you are simply stating a fact without needing further illustration, it might not be necessary and could make the sentence sound a bit redundant.
Common mistakes include using it redundantly (e.g., '例如，譬如说...'), placing it incorrectly in a sentence, or overusing it when a simpler statement would suffice. Also, confusing it with words that indicate consequence (like '所以') is a mistake.
Consider the context. '比如' is very common in casual speech. '譬如说' is also common and slightly more explanatory. '例如' is best for formal writing and speeches. When in doubt, '比如' and '例如' are generally safe bets.
Yes, absolutely. It's very effective for introducing a single, clear example to support a statement. For instance: '我们需要注意健康，譬如说，每天要保证八小时的睡眠。'
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Use '譬如说' to introduce specific examples that clarify or illustrate a general statement, making your communication more concrete and understandable.
- Introduces examples or hypothetical situations.
- Similar to 'for example' or 'let's say' in English.
- Used to clarify or illustrate a point.
- Common in both spoken and written Chinese.
Connect General to Specific
Always think of '譬如说' as a bridge. It connects a general statement or idea to a specific, concrete example that helps the listener or reader understand it better. Ensure there's a clear general point before you introduce your example.
Aspirated 'P' and 'Shuo' Sound
Pay attention to the aspirated 'p' (pì) at the beginning, similar to the 'p' in 'pin.' Also, practice the 'shuo' sound, which is distinct and common in Mandarin. Listening to native speakers will help you perfect these sounds.
Create Your Own Examples
When you learn a new concept, try to think of your own examples and practice using '譬如说' to introduce them. This active learning method will significantly improve your retention and fluency.
Listen to Native Speakers
Pay close attention to how native Chinese speakers use '譬如说' in movies, dramas, podcasts, and conversations. Note the context, the examples they provide, and the overall tone.
関連コンテンツ
workの関連語
充裕的
B2Abundant, ample, or sufficient in quantity.
事故
A2事故または災難。損害や負傷を引き起こす不運な出来事。交通事故は交通事故です。
依照
A2依照は「〜に従って」や「〜に基づいて」という意味です。
准确地
A21. 彼は時間を正確に (准确地) 伝えた。 2. その機械は正確に (准确地) 作動する。
做到
A2やり遂げる; 果たす
积极地
A2積極的に（せっきょくてきに）。彼は積極的に質問に答えます。
应变
B2Adaptive; capable of dealing with emergencies.
行政
A2行政（ぎょうせい）；政治や事務の管理運営。
过后
A2Afterwards; at a later or subsequent time.
赞同
A2賛成する、支持する。考え、提案、行動などに同意したり、支持したりすること。
