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A2 adverb 9分で読める

不得了

bù dé liǎo
例文 不得了 30秒で
解説 不得了 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to describe things. You know words like '很' (hěn - very). '不得了' (bù dé liǎo) is your first step into 'super-intensifiers.' Think of it as 'very, very, very.' At this stage, you only need to remember one pattern: [Adjective] + 得 (de) + 不得了. For example, if you are very happy, instead of just saying '我很高兴' (Wǒ hěn gāoxìng), you can say '我高兴得不得了' (Wǒ gāoxìng de bùdéliǎo). This makes you sound much more expressive! Don't worry about the individual characters yet; just treat '不得了' as a single block that means 'extremely.' You will mostly hear this in simple sentences about weather (hot/cold), feelings (happy/sad), or food (delicious). It's a great way to show excitement when talking to your Chinese friends or teachers. Just remember: it always goes at the end of the thought, never at the beginning. You can't say '不得了高兴.' Keep it simple and use it to show you are really enthusiastic about something!
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At the A2 level, you are building more complex sentences. You are now familiar with the particle '得' (de) used for complements. '不得了' is a perfect example of a 'Complement of Degree.' This means it tells us 'to what extent' something is true. In A2, you should practice using it with a wider variety of adjectives, such as '忙' (máng - busy), '累' (lèi - tired), or '贵' (guì - expensive). You should also notice that '不得了' can be used for both good and bad things. If a phone is '贵得不得了,' it's so expensive it's shocking. If a party is '热闹得不得了' (rènao de bùdéliǎo), it's incredibly lively and fun. You might also start to hear '不得了了!' as an exclamation. This is what people say when they see a fire, a car accident, or even just a small mistake that feels big. It's like saying 'Oh no!' or 'This is bad!' in English. Pay attention to the 'liao' pronunciation; it's different from the 'le' in '走了' (zǒu le). Practicing this will help your pronunciation sound much more natural.
By the B1 level, you should be comfortable with the basic structure and starting to use '不得了' to express more nuanced emotions. You can now use it with psychological verbs. For instance, '我想家想得不得了' (Wǒ xiǎngjiā xiǎng de bùdéliǎo) means 'I miss home terribly.' Notice how the verb '想' (to miss) is repeated before the '得'—this is a key B1 grammar point. You are also expected to distinguish '不得了' from other intensifiers like '极了' (jí le) or '死了' (sǐ le). '不得了' is more versatile and slightly less 'slangy' than '死了.' You should also begin to recognize '不得了' in written contexts, like informal blogs or stories, where it adds a sense of drama. At this level, you should also understand the 'emergency' use of '不得了了' without needing a translation. If a colleague says '不得了了，经理来了!' you know that the manager's arrival is a big deal and requires immediate attention. You are moving from just 'knowing' the word to 'feeling' the weight it carries in a conversation.
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At the B2 level, you can use '不得了' to describe abstract concepts and complex situations. You might describe a social problem as '复杂得不得了' (fùzá de bùdéliǎo - incredibly complicated) or a scientific theory as '深奥得不得了' (shēn'ào de bùdéliǎo - incredibly profound). You should also be aware of the register. While '不得了' is common in speech, you'll notice that in formal speeches or high-level writing, authors might prefer '极其' (jíqí) or '异常' (yìcháng). A B2 learner knows when to use '不得了' to build a personal connection and when to avoid it to remain professional. You can also start to play with the word's history. Understanding that 'liao' (了) comes from the verb meaning 'to finish' helps you see why '不得了' means something that cannot be contained or ended. This level of understanding allows you to use the word with more confidence in debates or long discussions. You might use it to emphasize a point: '这个问题的后果严重得不得了' (The consequences of this problem are incredibly serious). Your usage should now feel effortless and correctly placed within the flow of natural Mandarin.
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At the C1 level, you are exploring the stylistic and regional variations of '不得了.' You might notice that in some Northern dialects, the frequency and 'flavor' of '不得了' differ slightly from Southern usage. You should be able to appreciate its use in literature to create a colloquial 'voice' for a character. For example, a writer might use '不得了' to show a character is uneducated but expressive, or perhaps very traditional. You can also use it sarcastically. If someone is bragging, you might say '你真是能干得不得了啊' with a specific tone to imply they are actually being arrogant. At this level, you are also expected to know the historical development of the phrase from Song and Yuan dynasty vernacular Chinese. It wasn't always just an intensifier; it had a more literal meaning of 'disastrous' or 'unmanageable.' Recognizing these roots helps you understand why it still carries such a strong emotional 'charge.' You should also be able to substitute it with more literary four-character idioms (Chengyu) like '不可开交' (bùkě kāijiāo - to be locked in, e.g., 忙得不可开交) when the situation calls for a higher level of sophistication.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of '不得了' is indistinguishable from a native speaker. You use it with perfect timing, tone, and context. You understand the subtle difference between '好得不得了' and '好得没法说' (so good it's unspeakable). You can use '不得了' in creative writing to evoke a specific mood—perhaps one of chaotic excitement or overwhelming dread. You are also aware of how the phrase interacts with modern internet slang; for example, how young people might use it alongside memes or new vocabulary. You can explain the linguistic mechanics of the 'Adjective + 得 + 不得了' structure to others, explaining how the 'liao' retains its verbal roots even as it functions as a degree complement. At this stage, '不得了' is no longer a 'vocabulary word' you've learned; it's a tool in your emotional paintbox. You might use it in a high-level negotiation to show genuine concern ('这件事如果处理不好，麻烦就不得了了') or in a lecture to emphasize the magnitude of a historical event. You have a deep, intuitive sense of the word's 'gravity'—knowing exactly how much weight it adds to a sentence and how it affects the listener's perception of your message.
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例文

不得了 30秒で

  • A powerful Chinese intensifier meaning 'extremely' or 'terribly,' used after an adjective.
  • Follows the 'Adjective + 得 + 不得了' pattern to express an overwhelming degree of a state.
  • Can be used as a standalone exclamation ('不得了了!') to signal an emergency or crisis.
  • Essential for sounding like a native speaker when expressing strong emotions or opinions.

The phrase 不得了 (bù dé liǎo) is a multifaceted intensifier in the Chinese language, primarily functioning as an adverbial complement that indicates an extreme degree. At its core, the term is composed of three characters: bù (not), dé (to obtain/achieve), and liǎo (to finish/settle). Historically, it literally meant 'cannot be finished' or 'cannot be settled,' implying a situation so significant or extreme that it defies resolution or containment. In modern usage, it has evolved into a powerful way to say 'extremely,' 'terribly,' or 'extraordinarily.' It is most commonly used in the structure Adjective + 得 + 不得了. This structure is ubiquitous in spoken Mandarin and is used to amplify both positive and negative attributes.

Emotional Range
It spans the entire spectrum of human emotion. You might use it to describe a child who is 'happy beyond belief' (高兴得不得了) or a headache that is 'unbearably painful' (疼得不得了). The word carries an inherent sense of 'too much to handle,' making it more visceral than simple intensifiers like 'very' (很) or 'extremely' (非常).

那个电影好看得不得了，你一定要去看！(That movie is incredibly good; you must go see it!)

Beyond its role as a degree complement, 不得了 can also stand alone as an exclamation. If someone shouts '不得了了!' (Bù dé liǎo le!), they are signaling an emergency or a major crisis. In this context, it translates to 'Oh no!' or 'Something terrible has happened!' This dual nature—being both a grammatical tool for intensity and a standalone alarm—makes it one of the most dynamic phrases for a learner to master. It reflects the Chinese linguistic tendency to use 'resultative' logic to express magnitude. If a state is so intense that it 'cannot be concluded,' it must be truly massive.

Syntactic Constraint
Crucially, unlike 'very' in English, '不得了' cannot precede the adjective. You can never say '不得了高兴.' It must always follow the particle '得' (de) to function as a complement of degree. This is a common pitfall for English speakers who are used to placing intensifiers before the word they modify.

In social settings, the word is often used to build rapport through shared excitement or concern. When you tell a friend '我也想你想得不得了' (I miss you terribly too), the use of 不得了 adds a layer of sincerity and magnitude that '我很想你' lacks. It suggests an intensity that is almost physical. In summary, use this word when 'very' isn't enough, when the situation is overflowing, or when you want to sound more like a native speaker who feels things deeply.

Mastering the usage of 不得了 requires understanding the 'Complement of Degree' structure. In Chinese grammar, when you want to describe the extent or result of an action or a state, you use the particle 得 (de). The formula is: Subject + Adjective + 得 + 不得了. For example, '今天累得不得了' (Today I am tired to an extreme degree). This structure is rigid; you cannot swap the positions of the adjective and the intensifier.

The Exclamatory 'Le'
When '不得了' is used to signal an emergency, it is almost always followed by the particle '了' (le), which indicates a change in state or a new situation. '不得了了！有人晕倒了！' (Oh no! Someone has fainted!). Without the '了', the standalone '不得了' sounds incomplete as an exclamation.

这件衣服贵得不得了，我买不起。(This piece of clothing is incredibly expensive; I can't afford it.)

Another important usage is in the negative-interrogative sense, though this is more advanced. In older or more formal contexts, '不得了' can sometimes relate back to its literal meaning of 'not being okay.' However, for 99% of modern conversations, you should focus on its role as 'extremely.' It can modify verbs that express feelings or mental states, such as 喜欢 (to like), 讨厌 (to hate), or 想 (to think/miss). For example: '他喜欢那个女孩喜欢得不得了' (He likes that girl to an extreme degree).

Comparison with '极了'
While '极了' (jí le) also means 'extremely,' '不得了' is more informal and carries a stronger emotional punch. '好极了' is like 'Excellent!', whereas '好得不得了' is like 'It is so good it's crazy!'

In summary, treat 不得了 as your 'Level 10' intensifier. If '很' is a 5 and '非常' is an 8, '不得了' is a 10. Use it when you want to emphasize that a situation has reached its limit or has become overwhelming. Whether you are complaining about the heat (热得不得了) or praising a meal (好吃得不得了), this phrase adds a layer of native-sounding emphasis to your Mandarin.

You will encounter 不得了 in almost every corner of Chinese daily life, from bustling wet markets to high-stakes TV dramas. In the market, you might hear a vendor exclaiming about the freshness of their fish: '新鲜得不得了!' (It's incredibly fresh!). Here, it's used as a marketing tool to exaggerate quality and attract customers. It creates a sense of urgency and superlativism that is central to Chinese commercial rhetoric.

Daily Gossip and Conversation
In social circles, it's the bread and butter of storytelling. When someone is describing a shocking event or a person's behavior, they use '不得了' to set the stage. '你不知道，他现在的脾气坏得不得了' (You have no idea, his temper is incredibly bad now). It helps the speaker convey not just facts, but their subjective reaction to those facts.

哎呀，不得了了，我的钱包不见了！(Oh no, this is terrible, my wallet is missing!)

In Chinese media, specifically 'C-Dramas' (Chinese television dramas), '不得了' is often used by parental characters or comedic relief characters. A mother might brag about her son's grades by saying he is '聪明得不得了' (smart beyond belief). Conversely, in a historical drama, a servant might rush into a room shouting '不得了了' to inform the emperor of a rebellion or a disaster. The word acts as a linguistic 'red alert,' instantly raising the tension of the scene.

Interestingly, you also hear it in academic or professional settings when discussing significant achievements. A professor might describe a scientific discovery as '意义重大得不得了' (of incredibly great significance). While '非常' might be more formal, '不得了' is used to show genuine, personal amazement. In the workplace, a boss might praise a successful project as being '漂亮得不得了' (beautifully done/excellent). It bridges the gap between professional approval and personal enthusiasm.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 不得了 is its placement. Because English speakers are accustomed to saying 'extremely happy' or 'awfully hot,' they instinctively want to say *不得了高兴 or *不得了热. In Chinese, this is grammatically incorrect. '不得了' is a post-adjective complement. It must come after the word it modifies, connected by the particle '得'.

Mistake 1: Wrong Word Order
Incorrect: *这个菜不得了好吃 (This dish is extremely delicious). Correct: 这个菜好吃得不得了. Always remember: Adjective + 得 + 不得了.

Incorrect: *他不得了忙。
Correct: 他忙得不得了。(He is incredibly busy.)

Another common error involves the confusion between '不得了' (bù dé liǎo) and '了不起' (liǎo bù qǐ). While both can translate to 'extraordinary' or 'amazing,' they are used differently. '了不起' is an adjective that usually describes a person's character or achievements (e.g., '他是个了不起的人' - He is an amazing person). '不得了' is an intensifier for other adjectives. You wouldn't say '他是个不得了的人' unless you were using '不得了' as a standalone adjective, which is rare and sounds slightly dated or regional.

Mistake 2: Forgetting the '得' (de)
Learners often say '热不得了' instead of '热得不得了.' Without the '得', the sentence is grammatically incomplete in standard Mandarin. The '得' is the bridge that allows the intensifier to attach to the adjective.

Finally, avoid overusing '不得了' in very formal writing, such as a legal document or a scientific paper. While it is expressive, it is considered quite colloquial. In formal contexts, use '极其' (jí qí) or '非常' (fēi cháng) to maintain a professional tone. Using '不得了' in a formal report might make the writer seem overly emotional or less objective.

Chinese has a rich array of intensifiers, and choosing the right one depends on the level of intensity and the social context. 不得了 sits at the high end of the scale, but it has several close cousins. Understanding the nuances between them will make your Chinese sound much more natural and sophisticated.

极了 (jí le)
This also follows the adjective (e.g., 好极了). It is slightly more 'classic' or standard than '不得了.' While '不得了' feels like an explosion of feeling, '极了' feels like a definitive statement of a superlative state. You use '极了' for positive things more often than '不得了,' which is equally comfortable with negative states.
要命 (yào mìng)
Literally 'wanting one's life.' Used in the structure 'Adjective + 得要命' (e.g., 累得要命). This is even more intense and colloquial than '不得了.' It implies that the state is so extreme it might actually kill you. It is almost exclusively used for negative or uncomfortable states like being tired, hungry, or hot.

Comparison:
1. 这里的风景美得不得了 (Incredibly beautiful)
2. 这里的风景美极了 (Extremely beautiful/Excellent)

Another alternative is 非常 (fēi cháng). This is the 'safe' choice. It goes before the adjective. If you aren't sure about the grammar of '得,' you can always default to '非常.' However, '非常' can sometimes sound a bit dry or textbook-like in a casual conversation. Using '不得了' shows that you have a better grasp of native sentence structures and emotional expression.

In summary, choose 不得了 when you want to sound enthusiastic, shocked, or deeply moved. It is the perfect middle ground between the standard '极了' and the hyper-colloquial '要命' or '死了.' It provides a high level of intensity without being overly dramatic or potentially offensive.

発音ガイド

UK /buː də lɪaʊ/
US /buː də lɪaʊ/
The primary stress is on the final syllable 'liǎo' to emphasize the degree.
韻が合う語
鸟 (niǎo) 少 (shǎo) 表 (biǎo) 巧 (qiǎo) 跑 (pǎo) 找 (zhǎo) 早 (zǎo) 好 (hǎo)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'liǎo' as 'le'. Beginners often confuse the character 了.
  • Failing to perform the tone sandhi: 'bù' (4th tone) becomes 'bú' (2nd tone) before 'dé' (2nd tone).
  • Neglecting the third tone on 'liǎo', making it sound like a flat 1st tone.
  • Stressing the 'dé' too much, which makes the phrase sound robotic.
  • Merging 'de' (particle) and 'dé' (part of the word) into one sound.
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レベル別の例文

1

我今天高兴得不得了。

I am extremely happy today.

Adjective (高兴) + 得 + 不得了.

2

这个苹果甜得不得了。

This apple is incredibly sweet.

Describes a physical quality (sweetness).

3

那里的天气热得不得了。

The weather there is terribly hot.

Used to describe weather conditions.

4

妈妈做的菜好吃得不得了。

The food mom makes is incredibly delicious.

Expressing high praise for food.

5

这个小猫可爱得不得了。

This kitten is incredibly cute.

Used to describe an appearance.

6

我的老师好得不得了。

My teacher is incredibly good/kind.

Describing a person's character.

7

今天我累得不得了。

I am terribly tired today.

Describing a physical state.

8

这本书有意思得不得了。

This book is incredibly interesting.

Describing an abstract quality of an object.

1

不得了了，我的手机丢了！

Oh no, I've lost my phone!

Used as a standalone exclamation for an emergency.

2

外面的雨下得大得不得了。

It's raining incredibly hard outside.

Verb (下) + Object (雨) + Verb (下) + 得 + Adjective (大) + 不得了.

3

这件衣服贵得不得了，我买不起。

This clothing is incredibly expensive; I can't afford it.

Expressing a reason (too expensive) for an action (can't buy).

4

他跑得快得不得了。

He runs incredibly fast.

Modifying the manner of an action (running).

5

这里的风景美得不得了。

The scenery here is incredibly beautiful.

Standard degree complement structure.

6

那个考试难得不得了。

That exam was incredibly difficult.

Expressing difficulty.

7

他聪明得不得了，什么都会。

He is incredibly smart; he knows everything.

Describing a person's ability.

8

那个电影感人得不得了。

That movie was incredibly touching.

Describing an emotional impact.

1

我想家想得不得了。

I miss home terribly.

Verb (想) + Object (家) + Verb (想) + 得 + 不得了.

2

他喜欢踢足球喜欢得不得了。

He likes playing soccer to an extreme degree.

Repeating the verb '喜欢' before the complement.

3

不得了了，快看，那座大楼着火了！

Oh no, quick, look! That building is on fire!

Interjection used to draw attention to a crisis.

4

听了这个消息，他气得不得了。

After hearing the news, he was incredibly angry.

Expressing a sudden emotional reaction.

5

那个地方热闹得不得了，到处都是人。

That place is incredibly lively; there are people everywhere.

Describing an atmosphere.

6

她最近忙得不得了，没时间睡觉。

She's been incredibly busy lately; she has no time to sleep.

Using '不得了' to explain a consequence.

7

这个秘密复杂得不得了，我解释不清楚。

This secret is incredibly complicated; I can't explain it clearly.

Describing an abstract noun.

8

他能干得不得了，老板很器重他。

He is incredibly capable; the boss thinks highly of him.

Using '不得了' for professional praise.

1

这种草药的味道苦得不得了。

The taste of this herbal medicine is incredibly bitter.

Describing a sensory experience.

2

如果这笔生意谈不成，损失就不得了了。

If this deal falls through, the loss will be enormous.

Using '不得了' to predict a massive negative outcome.

3

由于竞争激烈，他的压力大得不得了。

Due to fierce competition, his pressure is incredibly high.

Linking a cause (竞争) to an extreme state (压力).

4

她唱起歌来动听得不得了。

When she sings, it sounds incredibly beautiful.

Modifying a verb's resultative state.

5

那个小镇安静得不得了，仿佛时间停止了。

That small town is incredibly quiet, as if time has stopped.

Describing a profound state of silence.

6

他对中国文化感兴趣得不得了。

He is incredibly interested in Chinese culture.

Modifying a complex psychological state.

7

这个工程的规模大得不得了。

The scale of this project is incredibly large.

Describing physical scale/magnitude.

8

那场比赛精彩得不得了，大家都看呆了。

That match was incredibly exciting; everyone was stunned.

Describing an event's quality.

1

他那个人，自私得不得了，你别理他。

That guy is incredibly selfish; don't pay attention to him.

Using '不得了' to express strong personal judgment.

2

这封信的内容重要得不得了，必须亲手交给她。

The content of this letter is incredibly important; it must be hand-delivered to her.

Emphasizing critical importance.

3

新政策的影响范围广得不得了。

The scope of the new policy's influence is incredibly wide.

Discussing socio-political impact.

4

一旦消息传出去，麻烦可就不得了了。

Once the news gets out, the trouble will be enormous.

Using '不得了' in a conditional warning.

5

他那副神气活现的样子，得意得不得了。

With that cocky look, he's incredibly pleased with himself.

Describing a specific, often negative, attitude.

6

这些古董价值高得不得了。

These antiques are incredibly valuable.

Describing monetary or historical value.

7

他把那个故事讲得生动得不得了。

He told that story in an incredibly vivid way.

Double 'de' construction: [Verb] + 得 + [Adjective] + 得 + 不得了.

8

那个地方的物价贵得不得了，生活压力很大。

The prices in that place are incredibly high; life is very stressful.

Using '不得了' for economic description.

1

他的这种想法，荒唐得不得了。

This idea of his is incredibly absurd.

Expressing intellectual dismissal.

2

在那段艰苦的岁月里，大家穷得不得了。

During those hard years, everyone was incredibly poor.

Describing historical socio-economic conditions.

3

这其中的道理深奥得不得了，不是三言两语能说清的。

The logic within this is incredibly profound; it's not something that can be explained in a few words.

Discussing philosophical or technical depth.

4

如果真相大白，那震动可就不得了了。

If the truth comes to light, the shock will be immense.

Using '不得了' for hypothetical social impact.

5

看他那样子，好像受了不得了的委屈。

Looking at him, it's as if he's suffered an incredible injustice.

Using '不得了' as an attributive adjective (rare/literary).

6

这种技术的应用前景广阔得不得了。

The application prospects of this technology are incredibly vast.

Formal/Academic use of the intensifier.

7

他这个人深沉得不得了，谁也看不透他。

He is incredibly deep/enigmatic; no one can see through him.

Describing a complex personality trait.

8

那场演出精彩得不得了，简直是视觉盛宴。

That performance was incredibly wonderful; it was simply a visual feast.

Using high-level metaphors with '不得了'.

よく使う組み合わせ

高兴得不得了
热得不得了
贵得不得了
忙得不得了
美得不得了
痛得不得了
想得不得了
乱得不得了
难得不得了
多得不得了

よく使うフレーズ

不得了了！

— An exclamation used for emergencies. It means 'Something terrible has happened!'

不得了了！着火了！

那还不得了？

— A rhetorical question. It means 'Wouldn't that be incredible/terrible?'

要是他赢了，那还不得了？

没什么不得了的

— Used to downplay a situation. It means 'It's no big deal.'

这点小伤，没什么不得了的。

神气得不得了

— Used to describe someone who is very cocky or proud.

他赢了比赛，神气得不得了。

坏得不得了

— Can mean 'extremely bad' or sometimes 'playfully naughty.'

这孩子坏得不得了。

新鲜得不得了

— Commonly used in markets to describe fresh produce.

这些鱼新鲜得不得了。

厉害得不得了

— Describes someone who is incredibly talented or formidable.

她的钢琴弹得厉害得不得了。

复杂得不得了

— Describes a situation that is extremely convoluted.

这里的关系复杂得不得了。

干净得不得了

— Describes something that is spotlessly clean.

她的家干净得不得了。

吵得不得了

— Describes an environment that is extremely noisy.

外面吵得不得了，没法睡觉。

慣用句と表現

"忙得不可开交"

— A more formal idiom for being extremely busy. Often used as a substitute for '忙得不得了'.

他最近忙得不可开交。

Formal
"美不胜收"

— Too many beautiful things to take in. A formal way to say '美得不得了'.

这里的风景美不胜收。

Literary
"大惊小怪"

— To make a big fuss over nothing. Often said when someone shouts '不得了了' unnecessarily.

这点事，别大惊小怪的。

Neutral
"喜出望外"

— To be overjoyed. A more sophisticated version of '高兴得不得了'.

收到礼物，他喜出望外。

Literary
"惊慌失措"

— To be panicked. Describes the state of someone shouting '不得了了'.

火灾发生时，他惊慌失措。

Formal
"非同小可"

— Not a small matter. Similar to the exclamation '不得了'.

这件事非同小可，要慎重对待。

Literary
"不可思议"

— Unthinkable/Incredible. Similar to '厉害得不得了'.

他的进步真是不可思议。

Neutral
"垂涎三尺"

— Drooling with desire. Used when something is '好吃得不得了'.

看到红烧肉，他垂涎三尺。

Colloquial
"心急如焚"

— Anxious as if one's heart is on fire. A formal '急得不得了'.

母亲心急如焚地等待孩子回家。

Literary
"名不虚传"

— Deserving of one's reputation. Used when someone is '厉害得不得了'.

长城果然名不虚传。

Literary

語族

動詞

了 (liǎo) - to finish, to settle
得 (dé) - to obtain, to get

形容詞

了不起 (liǎobùqǐ) - amazing, extraordinary

関連

了结 (liǎojié) - to settle a matter
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