Chapter in 30 Seconds
Unlock sophisticated German by weaving precise details into your sentences using powerful relative clauses.
- Identify nominative relative pronouns for subject-focused descriptions.
- Apply accusative pronouns to describe objects you interact with.
- Master dative pronouns to connect people and things to actions.
배울 내용
Hey there! In this chapter, we're taking a huge leap forward to make your German sound incredibly sophisticated! You'll master how to use Relative Clauses to add rich, precise details to your sentences. No more choppy, basic language; you'll connect your ideas and provide nuances just like a native German speaker. Imagine introducing a friend and wanting to say, “This is my friend *who I met at university*.” Or perhaps at a restaurant, you want to describe the dish *that you ate yesterday and absolutely loved*. How do you express these details? Exactly—with relative clauses! We’ll start this journey logically: first, you'll get to know nominative relative pronouns, which act as the subject of a sub-clause. Then, we’ll move on to accusative relative pronouns for direct objects, and finally, we'll tackle dative relative pronouns, perfect for explaining to whom or to what. Always remember, in these clauses, the verb goes to the very end! By the end of this chapter, you’ll be able to describe people, objects, and situations with full detail and natural flow, constructing longer, more complex sentences. Your German speaking will truly level up. Ready for this leap?
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그게 누구야? 독일어 관계대명사 (1격)관계대명사는 종속절에서 주어 역할을 하면서 선행사의 성과 수를 따르고, 동사를 문장의 맨 뒤로 보낸다는 점을 꼭 기억하세요! 핵심은 «성·수 일치» 그리고 «동사 끝»입니다.
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독일어 관계대명사: 목적어 형태 (den, die, das)4격 관계대명사는 명사의 성에 맞춰 형태를 갖추지만, 문장에서 목적어 역할을 한다는 점이 중요해요. 그리고 동사는 무조건 맨 뒤로 가야 한다는 걸 기억하세요! «관계대명사» «4격» «동사맨뒤»
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'누구에게'를 연결하는 접착제: 3격 관계대명사 (dem, der, denen)명사의 성별과 관계절 내에서의 3격 역할에 따라 'dem', 'der', 'denen' 중 하나를 사용해야 해요. 마치 문장들을 '풀'처럼 단단하게 붙여주는 거죠!
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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By the end you will be able to: Construct complex sentences describing people and objects using correct relative pronoun cases.
챕터 가이드
Overview
the person *who told me that*,or
the book *that I read yesterday*.These are relative clauses, and mastering their German equivalents will drastically improve your descriptive abilities. This chapter will demystify German relative pronouns, showing you how they act as bridges between your main ideas and the extra information you want to convey. By the end, you'll be able to construct elegant, flowing sentences that showcase your advanced understanding of the language.
How This Grammar Works
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong:
Das ist der Mann, den hat mir geholfen.
Das ist der Mann, der mir geholfen hat.
helped me, so the nominative relative pronoun der is needed. Also, the verb hat must go to the end of the subordinate clause.- 1✗ Wrong:
Ich suche das Buch, das ich habe gelesen.
Ich suche das Buch, das ich gelesen habe.
- 1✗ Wrong:
Das ist die Frau, der ich habe gesehen.
Das ist die Frau, die ich gesehen habe.
To see (sehen) takes an accusative object. Therefore, the relative pronoun referring to *die Frau* (feminine singular) must be in the accusative case, which is die. The verb also needs to be at the end.
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
Why do German relative clauses send the verb to the end?
In German, all subordinate clauses (including relative clauses) follow a specific word order where the finite verb is placed at the very end. This structure helps clarify which part of the sentence is the main clause and which is the dependent clause.
How do I choose the correct German relative pronoun?
You choose the correct relative pronoun based on two factors: 1) the gender and number of the noun it refers to (the antecedent) in the main clause, and 2) the grammatical case (nominative, accusative, dative) that the pronoun needs *within the relative clause* itself.
Are there alternatives to 'der, die, das' for German relative pronouns?
While der, die, das forms are by far the most common and generally preferred, you might occasionally encounter welcher, welche, welches as an alternative, especially in more formal or written contexts. However, for B2 German grammar, mastering der, die, das forms is the priority.
Cultural Context
주요 예문 (6)
Ich suche {einen|m} Mitbewohner, der nicht raucht.
저는 담배 피우지 않는 룸메이트를 찾고 있어요.
그게 누구야? 독일어 관계대명사 (1격)Der Film, den wir gestern auf Netflix geschaut haben, war total langweilig.
우리가 어제 넷플릭스에서 본 영화는 정말 지루했어.
독일어 관계대명사: 목적어 형태 (den, die, das)Die neue App, die ich heruntergeladen habe, stürzt ständig ab.
내가 다운로드한 새 앱이 계속 오류가 나.
독일어 관계대명사: 목적어 형태 (den, die, das)Das ist {der|m} Kollege, **dem** ich vertraue.
이분은 제가 신뢰하는 동료입니다.
'누구에게'를 연결하는 접착제: 3격 관계대명사 (dem, der, denen){die|f} App, **mit der** ich lerne, ist super.
제가 공부하는 앱은 정말 최고예요.
'누구에게'를 연결하는 접착제: 3격 관계대명사 (dem, der, denen)팁과 요령 (3)
쉼표 규칙, 잊지 마세요!
Der Laptop, der neu ist, ist schnell.
N 규칙 (The 'N' Rule)
Ich sehe den Mann, den du suchst.
복수 명사의 함정
mit denen핵심 어휘 (5)
Real-World Preview
At the Café
Review Summary
- Noun + , der/die/das + ... + Verb(end)
- Noun + , den/die/das + ... + Verb(end)
- Noun + , dem/der + ... + Verb(end)
자주 하는 실수
You used the accusative 'den' instead of the nominative 'der'. Since the man is the subject of the sub-clause, use nominative.
In a relative clause, the verb must go to the very end. 'Gekauft' should follow 'habe'.
Giving something TO someone requires the dative case. 'Die' is nominative/accusative; 'der' is dative feminine.
이 챕터의 규칙 (3)
Next Steps
You have mastered a huge hurdle today. Keep practicing these clauses in your daily writing, and watch your German reach new heights!
Write 5 sentences about your hobbies using relative clauses.
빠른 연습 (9)
Find and fix the mistake:
Das ist die Frau, mit die ich wohne.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: '누구에게'를 연결하는 접착제: 3격 관계대명사 (dem, der, denen)
Das ist {der|m} Mann, ___ neben mir wohnt.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 그게 누구야? 독일어 관계대명사 (1격)
문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 독일어 관계대명사: 목적어 형태 (den, die, das)
문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 그게 누구야? 독일어 관계대명사 (1격)
Find and fix the mistake:
Dort ist das Kind, die laut spielt.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 그게 누구야? 독일어 관계대명사 (1격)
Das ist der Student, ___ ich das Buch gebe.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: '누구에게'를 연결하는 접착제: 3격 관계대명사 (dem, der, denen)
Dort ist der Bus, ___ ich nehmen muss.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 독일어 관계대명사: 목적어 형태 (den, die, das)
Find and fix the mistake:
Die Pizza, die ich gestern bestellt, war kalt.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 독일어 관계대명사: 목적어 형태 (den, die, das)
'내가 함께 여행하는 친구들'에 대한 올바른 문장을 고르세요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: '누구에게'를 연결하는 접착제: 3격 관계대명사 (dem, der, denen)
Score: /9
자주 묻는 질문 (6)
Der Mann, der dort steht...처럼요.
Wer zu spät kommt, den bestraft das Leben.(늦게 오는 자, 삶이 그를 벌한다.)
Das ist der Mann, den ich gestern gesehen habe.처럼요.
Der Mann, der mich anruft.(주체) vs.
Der Mann, den ich anrufe.(대상).
der Frau처럼요.alles, was...). 특정 명사에 대해서는 반드시 성별에 맞는 관계대명사 (der, die, das)를 사용해야 합니다.
