A2 · 초중급 챕터 8

Connecting Ideas and Asking for Details

7 총 규칙
81 예문
6 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Transform simple sentences into flowing conversations by linking your thoughts and asking the right questions.

  • Explain the logic behind your actions using 'because' and 'so'.
  • Organize stories and instructions chronologically with transition words.
  • Master complex questions to get specific details about quantity, time, and ownership.
Connect the dots and discover the details.

배울 내용

Ready to make your conversations flow better? We'll discover how to link your thoughts with 'because' and 'so,' and easily ask 'how' questions or 'whose' something is. You'll soon be sharing clearer ideas and getting all the details you need!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to explain 'why' something happens using 'because'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to describe the result of an action using 'so'.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to sequence a three-step process using 'then', 'next', and 'finally'.
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to ask for specific information using five different 'how' compounds.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Learning to connect your ideas and ask for specific details is a game-changer for anyone studying A2 English grammar. At this level, you’re moving beyond simple sentences and starting to build more complex thoughts. This chapter is your secret weapon for making your conversations flow naturally, whether you're explaining why you’re happy or asking about a friend’s weekend plans.
Mastering these skills will dramatically improve your ability to communicate clearly and confidently.
We’ll explore how to link causes and effects using words like because and so, making your explanations much easier to follow. You’ll also learn to sequence events with then, next, and finally, which is perfect for telling stories or giving instructions. Plus, we'll equip you with the tools to ask all sorts of how questions – how much, how many, how often, how long, how old – and find out whose something belongs to.
By the end of this guide, you’ll be able to express your thoughts with greater precision and get all the information you need, making your English connecting ideas and asking for details much smoother!

How This Grammar Works

These grammar points work together to help you build bridges between your ideas and gather more information. Let's start with explaining *why* things happen. We use because to give a reason: *I stayed home because it was raining.* The part after because explains the first part.
On the other hand, so shows a result: *It was raining, so I stayed home.* Here, the rain is the cause, and staying home is the result. Notice how because explains *why* the first thing happened, and so explains *what* happened *as a result* of the first thing.
When you're telling a story or explaining a process, you need to put events in order. That's where then, next, and finally come in handy. You might say: *First, I woke up.
Then, I made breakfast. Next, I went to work. Finally, I relaxed at home.* These words create a clear timeline.
For timing actions related to the future, we use when, before, and after. Remember a key rule here: never use will inside the time clause itself. Always keep it in the present tense, even if the action is in the future.
For example: *I will call you when I arrive home* (not *when I will arrive*).
To get details, we rely on specific question words. How is incredibly versatile: How much for uncountable things (*How much sugar?*), how many for countable things (*How many apples?*), how often for frequency (*How often do you exercise?*), how long for duration (*How long is the movie?*), and how old for age (*How old are you?*). Finally, to find out who owns something, we use whose.
For example, *Whose book is this?* or *Whose car is parked outside?* These questions are essential for understanding the world around you and getting precise information.

Common Mistakes

Learning new grammar often comes with a few common trip-ups. Here are some to watch out for:
  1. 1✗ Using 'will' in a time clause with 'when', 'before', 'after':
✗ *I will call you when I will finish work.*
✓ *I will call you when I finish work.*
Explanation: Even if the action is in the future, the verb in the time clause (after when, before, after) is always in the present simple tense.
  1. 1✗ Confusing 'whose' with 'who's':
✗ *Who's book is this?* (Incorrectly using the contraction for 'who is' or 'who has')
✓ *Whose book is this?*
Explanation: Whose shows possession (belonging to whom), while who's is a contraction for who is or who has.
  1. 1✗ Incorrectly connecting reasons and results, or using 'because' without a full clause:
✗ *It was raining. So I stayed home because.* (Using 'because' without a subject and verb)
✓ *It was raining, so I stayed home.* (Correctly showing result)
✓ *I stayed home because it was raining.* (Correctly giving a reason with a full clause)
Explanation: Because always needs a full clause (subject + verb) to follow it. So introduces the result of a previous cause.

Real Conversations

Here are a few examples of these grammar points in action:

A

A

Hey, Sarah! Are you coming to the movie tonight?
B

B

Oh, I can't, A. I have to work late because my colleague is sick.
A

A

That's a shame! How long is your shift?
B

B

Until 9 PM, so I’ll miss the start. Maybe next week?

---

A

A

This umbrella is great! Whose is it?
B

B

It's mine. I bought it after I got caught in the rain last week.
A

A

Oh, I hate that! How often does it rain here?
B

B

Not too often, but when it rains, it really pours!

---

A

A

What did you do this morning?
B

B

Well, first, I woke up. Then, I had breakfast. Next, I went for a walk. Finally, I read a book for an hour. It was nice!

Quick FAQ

Q

*Can I start a sentence with because in English?*

Yes, you absolutely can! For example: *Because it was raining, I stayed home.* This is perfectly natural, especially when you want to emphasize the reason first. Just make sure to use a comma after the because clause if it comes before the main clause.

Q

*What's the main difference between how many and how much?*

Use how many for things you can count individually (countable nouns), like *apples*, *friends*, *chairs*. Use how much for things you can't count individually (uncountable nouns), like *water*, *money*, *information*.

Q

*Why can't I use 'will' after when or before for future actions?*

In English, time clauses introduced by words like when, before, after, as soon as, until, etc., always use the present simple tense, even if the action they describe is in the future. The future tense goes in the main clause. It's a specific rule for English grammar that helps to clearly separate the main action from the timing of that action.

Q

*Is it always necessary to use then, next, and finally in a specific order?*

While finally usually marks the last item, then and next are often interchangeable to show sequential steps. You can use then multiple times, or next multiple times, but varying them makes your speech sound more natural. The key is to show logical progression.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these connecting words and question structures constantly in everyday conversation. They are crucial for clarity. In informal settings, people might sometimes use so to start a sentence as a way of introducing a result or a new topic based on previous information (
So, what are you doing this weekend?
).
While grammatically, because technically needs a full clause, in very informal spoken English, you might hear short, abrupt answers like
Why are you tired?
Because work.
However, for clearer communication and in more formal contexts, always aim for a full clause. Understanding whose and the various how questions is fundamental, as native speakers value getting precise details.

주요 예문 (8)

1

I am hungry `because` I didn't eat breakfast.

배고파요. 왜냐하면 아침을 안 먹었거든요.

'Because'를 사용하여 이유 설명하기
2

`Because` it's cold, you should wear a jacket.

날씨가 춥기 때문에, 재킷을 입는 게 좋아요.

'Because'를 사용하여 이유 설명하기
3

It was really cold outside, so I wore a thick jacket.

밖에 정말 추웠어요, 그래서 두꺼운 재킷을 입었어요.

결과 접속사: So (원인과 결과)
4

My train was delayed, so I arrived late for my job interview.

제 기차가 지연돼서, 면접에 늦었어요.

결과 접속사: So (원인과 결과)
5

First, I open the app. `Next`, I choose my meal. `Finally`, I pay.

먼저 앱을 열어요. 다음으로 식사를 골라요. 마지막으로 결제해요.

생각 정리하기: 그러고 나서, 다음에, 마침내 (Then, Next, Finally)
6

We watched the movie. `Then`, we went for pizza.

우리는 영화를 봤어요. 그러고 나서 피자를 먹으러 갔죠.

생각 정리하기: 그러고 나서, 다음에, 마침내 (Then, Next, Finally)
7

`When` the class ends, let's grab coffee.

수업이 끝나면 커피 한 잔 해요.

행동의 타이밍: When, Before, After
8

Wash your hands `before` you eat dinner.

저녁 식사 전에 손을 씻으세요.

행동의 타이밍: When, Before, After

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

쉼표(,)는 여러분의 친구예요!

'Because'로 문장을 시작할 때는 항상 주절 앞에 쉼표를 넣어주세요. 이유와 결과를 더 명확하게 구분해줘요: "Because it's important, I'm telling you this!"
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Because'를 사용하여 이유 설명하기
💡

'so' 앞에 쉼표(,)를 써주세요

두 개의 완전한 문장을 'so'로 연결할 때는 보통 'so' 앞에 쉼표(,)를 붙여주세요. 문장이 더 명확하고 정확해진답니다.
It was sunny, so I went for a walk.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 결과 접속사: So (원인과 결과)
💡

이유 vs 결과

항상 스스로 물어보세요. '이게 이유인가, 아니면 결과인가?' Why?에 답하면 'because', What happened?에 답하면 'so'를 써요. "I'm late because of traffic."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아이디어 연결: 이유와 결과를 설명하기 (because, so)
⚠️

'Then'과 'Than' 함정 조심!

시간의 순서를 말할 때는 절대로 'than'을 쓰지 않아요. 'than'은 'bigger than'처럼 비교할 때만 사용하고, 순서는 항상 'then'으로 써야 해요.
Incorrect: I am taller then you. Correct: I am taller than you.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 생각 정리하기: 그러고 나서, 다음에, 마침내 (Then, Next, Finally)

핵심 어휘 (7)

because used for reasons so used for results finally the last step often many times whose belonging to whom before at an earlier time after at a later time

Real-World Preview

map

Planning a Weekend Trip

briefcase

Finding a Lost Item

Review Summary

  • [Result] + because + [Reason]
  • [Reason] + so + [Result]
  • First... Next... Finally...
  • How + [adj/adv] + ...?

자주 하는 실수

Do not use 'because' and 'so' in the same sentence. They both perform the same linking job; using both is redundant.

Wrong: Because it was raining, so I stayed home.
정답: Because it was raining, I stayed home. (OR) It was raining, so I stayed home.

'Who's' is a contraction of 'Who is'. 'Whose' is the possessive form used to ask about ownership.

Wrong: Who's book is this?
정답: Whose book is this?

Use 'How many' for countable items (apples, cars) and 'How much' for uncountable things (water, money, sugar).

Wrong: How much apples do you want?
정답: How many apples do you want?

이 챕터의 규칙 (7)

1

'Because'를 사용하여 이유 설명하기

A2
'Because'는 영어로 어떤 상황이나 이유든지 설명할 수 있는 아주 중요한 열쇠예요.
I am hungry `because` I didn't eat breakfast.
12 예문
2

결과 접속사: So (원인과 결과)

A2
'so'를 사용하면 원인과 결과를 깔끔하게 연결해서 영어 문장을 더 자연스럽고 논리적으로 만들 수 있어요. 마치 세 가지 마법 도구가 있는 것처럼요: cause와 result를 so로 이어주세요!
It was really cold outside, so I wore a thick jack...
10 예문
3

아이디어 연결: 이유와 결과를 설명하기 (because, so)

A2
이유를 말할 땐 because, 결과를 말할 땐 so를 써서 문장을 더 풍성하게 만들어 보세요!
I'm learning English `because` I want to travel th...
12 예문
4

생각 정리하기: 그러고 나서, 다음에, 마침내 (Then, Next, Finally)

A2
네 아이디어를 시간 순서대로 연결하고 싶을 때, then, next, finally를 사용하면 듣는 사람이 훨씬 더 명확하게 이해할 수 있어요.
First, I open the app. `Next`, I choose my meal. `...
12 예문
5

행동의 타이밍: When, Before, After

A2
when, before, after를 사용해서 행동이나 사건의 시간 순서를 명확하게 말해봐요.
`When` the class ends, let's grab coffee.
12 예문
6

'How' 질문하기 (How much, many, often, long, old)

A2
이제 'how' 질문으로 더 정확한 «정보»를 물어보고 «소통»할 수 있어요. 이건 정말 «핵심»이에요!
How much coffee do you usually drink in a day?
12 예문
7

누구의 것인가요? 소유 묻기 (Whose)

A2
궁금한 물건 앞에 'whose'만 붙이면 끝! whose noun is this 세 가지만 기억하세요.
Whose phone is ringing?
11 예문

Next Steps

You've just leveled up your conversation skills! Being able to link your thoughts makes you a much more engaging speaker. Keep practicing those 'How' questions!

Write a 3-step recipe for your favorite snack using sequence words.

Ask a partner 5 'How' questions about their hobbies.

Continue to: Obligation and Necessity

빠른 연습 (10)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

I was tired, because I went to bed early.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I was tired, so I went to bed early.
원래 문장은 원인 뒤에 'because'를 잘못 사용했어요. 피곤함의 결과를 나타내기 위해 'so'를 사용해야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 결과 접속사: So (원인과 결과)

이야기의 마지막으로 올바른 문장은 무엇인가요?

Choose the best ending:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Finally, we went home.
'Finally'는 순서에서 가장 마지막 사건을 나타내요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 생각 정리하기: 그러고 나서, 다음에, 마침내 (Then, Next, Finally)

올바른 접속사를 선택하세요.

I'm learning English ___ I want to travel.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: because
문장의 뒷부분이 영어를 배우는 이유를 설명해요. 'Because'는 이유를 도입할 때 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Because'를 사용하여 이유 설명하기

알맞은 접속사(`because` 또는 `so`)를 고르세요.

I was hungry, ___ I made a sandwich.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: so
배가 고픈 것이 원인이고 샌드위치를 만든 것이 결과이므로 'so'가 알맞아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 아이디어 연결: 이유와 결과를 설명하기 (because, so)

올바른 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She is happy because she got a new job.
'because'가 문장 중간에 올 때는 일반적으로 그 앞에 쉼표가 필요 없어요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Because'를 사용하여 이유 설명하기

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

How many sugar do you want in your tea?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: How much sugar do you want in your tea?
'Sugar'는 셀 수 없는 명사이므로, 'how much'가 올바른 질문 단어예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'How' 질문하기 (How much, many, often, long, old)

실수를 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

Because it was raining I took an umbrella.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Because it was raining, I took an umbrella.
'because'가 문장 앞에 올 때는 'because' 절 뒤에 쉼표가 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'Because'를 사용하여 이유 설명하기

문장을 완성하기에 가장 적절한 접속사를 선택하세요.

Please turn off the lights ___ you leave the room.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: before
방을 나가기 *전에* 불을 끄는 것이므로 'before'가 올바른 선택이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 행동의 타이밍: When, Before, After

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

I am smarter then you.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am smarter than you.
'than'은 비교할 때 사용해요. 'then'은 시간/순서에만 쓰인답니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 생각 정리하기: 그러고 나서, 다음에, 마침내 (Then, Next, Finally)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

She always eats breakfast after she will wake up.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She always eats breakfast after she wakes up.
반복되는 일상 습관을 설명할 때는 두 절 모두 현재 단순 시제를 사용해요. 여기서 'will wake up'은 틀린 표현이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 행동의 타이밍: When, Before, After

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

'because'의 주된 목적은 어떤 일의 *이유*나 *원인*을 설명하는 거예요. «왜?»라는 질문에 대답할 때 쓰죠. 예를 들어, "I'm hungry because I didn't eat."
네, 'because'는 분명히 문장 앞에 올 수 있어요! 이때는 'because' 절 뒤에 쉼표를 꼭 넣어줘야 해요. 예를 들어,
Because it was raining, we stayed inside.
'so'는 어떤 원인이나 이유가 가져온 결과나 결론을 연결해주는 접속사예요. «무엇 때문에 어떤 일이 일어났는지» 설명하는 데 도움이 된답니다. 예를 들어,
It rained, so I brought an umbrella.
'so'는 *결과*를 소개하고 ('원인, so 결과'), 'because'는 *이유*를 소개해요 ('결과 because 원인'). 둘 다 원인과 결과를 보여주지만, 시작하는 지점이 다르죠.
I was tired, so I slept.
와
I slept because I was tired.
처럼요.
어떤 일의 '이유'나 '원인'을 소개해요. Why?라는 질문에 답할 때 사용하죠. 예: "I'm happy because I passed the test."
어떤 일의 '결과'나 '영향'을 소개해요. «그래서 어떻게 됐어?»라는 질문에 답할 때 써요. 예: "I passed the test, so I'm happy."
이전 챕터
Looking Ahead: Plans and Suggestions
다음 챕터
Obligation and Necessity
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