Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Move 'Not only' to the start and flip your subject and verb like a question to sound sophisticated and emphatic.
- Start with 'Not only' followed immediately by an auxiliary verb (do, does, did, is, have). Example: 'Not only did she...'
- The first clause uses question word order, but it is not a question. Example: 'Not only is he...'
- The second clause starts with 'but' and usually includes 'also' in the normal position. Example: '...but he also...'
Overview
Not only... but also 구문을 활용한 도치(Inversion)입니다.He is not only talented but also hardworking.은 정보를 전달하는 데 충실하지만, Not only is he talented, but also he is hardworking.은 듣는 이로 하여금 «지금부터 내가 아주 중요한 이야기를 하겠다»는 신호를 보내는 것과 같습니다.Not only 도치 구문은 바로 그 정점에 있는 문법 중 하나입니다.not, never, seldom, hardly, 그리고 not only)이 강조를 위해 문장 맨 앞으로 나오면, 그 뒤에 오는 주어와 동사는 자리를 바꾸게 됩니다.그는 공부도 잘하고 운동도 잘한다.
공부뿐만 아니라 운동도 그는 잘한다.
Not only라는 강력한 부정어가 문두에 서는 순간, 마치 문장이 의문문으로 변하는 것과 같은 화학 반응이 일어납니다.Not only가 등장하면 독자는 즉시 «아, 이 문장은 단순히 사실을 나열하는 것이 아니라, 두 가지 사실을 연결하여 더 큰 임팩트를 주려는 것이구나»라고 인지하게 됩니다. 이때 발생하는 도치는 독자의 시선을 사로잡는 장치 역할을 합니다.Not only가 문장 전체를 수식할 때만 도치가 일어난다는 것입니다. 만약 Not only the manager but also the employees were happy.처럼 Not only가 단순히 주어 명사구를 수식하고 있다면 도치는 일어나지 않습니다. 우리가 오늘 배우는 것은 절(Clause)과 절을 연결하며 문장 전체에 무게감을 실어주는 도치입니다.Not only 도치 구문을 만들 때 가장 중요한 규칙은 '의문문 어순'을 따르는 것입니다. 평서문을 의문문으로 바꿀 때 조동사를 앞으로 보내는 것과 똑같은 원리가 적용됩니다.She is a leader. | Not only is she a leader... |He speaks French. | Not only does he speak French... |They won the game. | Not only did they win the game... |We have finished. | Not only have we finished... |You can save money. | Not only can you save money... |- 1Be 동사가 있는 경우: Be 동사(
am, is, are, was, were) 자체가 조동사 역할을 하여 주어 앞으로 나갑니다.
- 예:
Not only are the results accurate, but they are also timely.
- 1일반 동사가 있는 경우: 한국인 학습자들이 가장 많이 실수하는 부분입니다. 일반 동사가 직접 나가는 것이 아니라, 시제와 수에 맞춰
do, does, did를 빌려와야 합니다. 이때 본동사는 반드시 동사원형으로 돌아가야 한다는 점을 잊지 마세요.
- 예:
Not only did the company increase sales, but it also expanded its market share.(increased → did increase)
- 1완료 시제나 조동사가 있는 경우:
have, has, had나can, will, should등을 주어 앞으로 보냅니다.
- 예:
Not only has she completed the report, but she has also presented it to the board.
- 1뒷부분 (
but also절): 도치는Not only가 포함된 첫 번째 절에서만 일어납니다.but also뒤의 절은 일반적인 평서문 어순(S+V)을 그대로 유지합니다. 또한,also는 생략되거나 문장 끝에as well로 대체될 수 있습니다.
- 1비즈니스 프레젠테이션 및 보고서:
Not only does our new software reduce processing time, but it also enhances data security.(우리 소프트웨어는 처리 시간을 단축할 뿐만 아니라, 데이터 보안도 강화합니다.)- 단순히
It reduces... and enhances...라고 하는 것보다 훨씬 전문적이고 설득력 있게 들립니다.
- 1학술적 글쓰기 (Academic Writing):
Not only did the experiment confirm the hypothesis, but it also revealed unexpected behavioral patterns.(실험은 가설을 확인해주었을 뿐만 아니라, 예상치 못한 행동 패턴도 드러냈습니다.)
- 1연설 및 수사적 표현:
Not only must we protect our environment, but we must also invest in sustainable energy.(우리는 환경을 보호해야 할 뿐만 아니라, 지속 가능한 에너지에도 투자해야 합니다.)
- 1예상치 못한 사실을 덧붙일 때:
do/does/did 누락- 잘못된 예:
Not only he studied hard, but also he passed the exam.(X) - 옳은 예:
Not only did he study hard, but also he passed the exam.(O) - 이유: 한국어는 «그가 공부를 열심히 했을 뿐만 아니라»처럼 주어-동사 순서가 바뀌지 않기 때문에, 영어에서도 그대로 주어를 먼저 쓰는 실수를 합니다.
Not only가 문두에 오면 무조건 '의문문 만들기'를 떠올리세요.
- 잘못된 예:
Not only did she sing beautifully, but also did she dance gracefully.(X) - 옳은 예:
Not only did she sing beautifully, but she also danced gracefully.(O) - 이유: 도치는
Not only라는 부정 부사구가 이끄는 절에서만 발생합니다.but also절은 긍정의 평서문이므로 도치할 근거가 전혀 없습니다.
- 잘못된 예:
Not only did my brother like the gift, but my sister did too.(△ - 문맥에 따라 가능하지만 어색할 수 있음) - 설명: 만약 강조하고 싶은 대상이 '주어' 자체라면 도치를 하지 않는 것이 더 자연스럽습니다.
Not only my brother but also my sister liked the gift.라고 쓰는 것이 맞습니다. 도치는 '동사구'나 '전체 상황'의 나열에 더 적합합니다.
- 잘못된 예:
Not only does they provide lunch, but they also provide transport.(X) - 옳은 예:
Not only do they provide lunch, but they also provide transport.(O) - 이유: 도치가 일어나더라도 주어(
they)와 조동사(do)의 수 일치는 반드시 지켜져야 합니다.
Not only... but also 도치와 혼동하기 쉬운 다른 구조들을 비교해 보겠습니다.Not only... but also | No | S + V + not only A but also B. 가장 일반적이고 중립적인 표현. |Not only | Yes | Not only + Aux + S + V. 매우 강조적이고 격식 있는 표현. |Never / Seldom 도치 | Yes | Never have I seen.... 부정의 빈도를 극도로 강조함. |As well as | No | B as well as A. A뿐만 아니라 B도라는 뜻이지만 B에 더 초점이 있음. |- 일반형:
The hotel is not only expensive but also dirty.(호텔은 비쌀 뿐만 아니라 더럽기도 해. - 일상적 사실 전달) - 도치형:
Not only is the hotel expensive, but it is also dirty.(그 호텔은 비싼 건 둘째치고, 심지어 더럽기까지 해! - 불만이나 강조의 뉘앙스 강함)
As well as와의 차이:Not only A but also B는 B를 더 강조하는 경향이 있는 반면, B as well as A는 이미 알고 있는 A에 덧붙여 B를 언급할 때 씁니다. 한국어로는 비슷해 보이지만, 문장에서의 무게중심이 다릅니다.but이나 also를 생략해도 되나요?but만 남기거나 also만 남기기도 합니다. 심지어 둘 다 생략하고 쉼표(,)로 연결하는 경우도 있지만, C1 수준의 격식 있는 글쓰기에서는 but (subject) also 형태를 온전히 갖춰주는 것이 가장 안전합니다. 또한 also 대신 문장 끝에 as well이나 too를 붙여 변화를 줄 수 있습니다.Not only가 주어를 수식할 때도 도치를 하나요?Not only the students but also the teacher was invited. 이 문장에서 Not only는 주어 덩어리(the students)를 수식할 뿐입니다. 이럴 때는 문장 맨 앞에 오더라도 도치하지 않습니다. 도치는 Not only 뒤에 주어-동사 관계를 갖춘 '절'이 올 때만 발생합니다.Not only 도치 문장에서 시제 일치는 어떻게 하나요?Not only did... but also (past verb)... 형식을 취합니다. 다만, 첫 번째 사실이 두 번째 사실보다 먼저 일어난 일임을 명확히 하고 싶을 때는 대과거(had p.p.)를 사용하여 Not only had he finished... but he also started...처럼 시제 차이를 둘 수도 있습니다.Inversion Patterns by Tense
| Tense | Auxiliary Used | Inverted Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
do / does
|
Not only does/do + S + Verb...
|
Not only does he work...
|
|
Past Simple
|
did
|
Not only did + S + Verb...
|
Not only did they win...
|
|
Present Continuous
|
is / am / are
|
Not only is/am/are + S + V-ing...
|
Not only are they coming...
|
|
Present Perfect
|
have / has
|
Not only have/has + S + V-ed...
|
Not only has she seen...
|
|
Past Perfect
|
had
|
Not only had + S + V-ed...
|
Not only had he left...
|
|
Modal Verbs
|
can / will / should
|
Not only can/will + S + Verb...
|
Not only can she sing...
|
|
Verb 'To Be'
|
is / was / were
|
Not only is/was + S + Adj...
|
Not only was it cold...
|
Meanings
A rhetorical device used to emphasize that two related things are true, often suggesting that the second thing is even more surprising or important than the first.
Emphatic Addition
Used to highlight that a second, often more significant, fact exists alongside the first.
“Not only is she a brilliant scientist, but she is also a talented pianist.”
Rhetorical Persuasion
Used in debates or arguments to stack evidence in a way that sounds authoritative.
“Not only does this policy save money, but it also protects the environment.”
Narrative Drama
Used in storytelling to build tension or show a sequence of unfortunate or fortunate events.
“Not only had the rain started, but the car had also broken down.”
Reference Table
| 구조 (Structure) | 기능 (Function) | 예시 (Example) |
|---|---|---|
|
Not only + 조동사 + 주어 + 동사..., but also 주어 + 동사...
|
문두 강조; 두 가지 포인트를 강력하게 연결함.
|
Not only did they arrive early, but also they brought gifts.
|
|
조동사 `do`/`does`/`did`
|
be동사나 조동사가 없는 일반 동사 시제에 사용.
|
Not only does she play chess, but also she wins tournaments.
|
|
be동사 (`is`/`are`/`was`/`were`)
|
be동사가 문장의 주동사일 때 사용.
|
Not only was the movie good, but also the soundtrack was amazing.
|
|
조동사 (`can`/`will`/`should` 등)
|
문장에 이미 조동사가 있을 때 사용.
|
Not only can he swim, but also he dives professionally.
|
|
도치 없는 경우 (문장 중간의 `not only`)
|
강한 강조 없이 두 아이디어를 단순히 연결함.
|
She not only sings beautifully but also plays piano expertly.
|
|
두 번째 절 (`but also` 이후)
|
일반적인 주어+동사 어순을 따름.
|
Not only did he apologize, but also he explained his actions.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Not only is she a gifted orator, but she is also a profound thinker. (Describing a colleague)
She's not only a good speaker but also a deep thinker. (Describing a colleague)
She's great at speaking and she's really smart too. (Describing a colleague)
She's got the gift of the gab and she's lowkey a genius. (Describing a colleague)
수준별 예문
He is tall and he is also strong.
She likes apples and she also likes oranges.
I am a student and I also work.
The car is red and it is also fast.
He is not only kind but also funny.
The house is not only big but also cheap.
She not only sings but also dances.
It is not only cold but also raining.
She not only finished the report, but she also sent it to the boss.
The movie was not only long, but it was also very boring.
He not only plays the guitar, but he also writes his own songs.
They not only visited London, but they also went to Edinburgh.
Not only was the food delicious, but the service was also excellent.
Not only does he speak three languages, but he also knows how to code.
Not only have they moved house, but they have also changed jobs.
Not only did it rain all day, but we also lost our umbrellas.
Not only did the CEO resign, but the entire board also stepped down.
Not only is the theory flawed, but it also lacks empirical evidence.
Not only had the hackers stolen the data, but they had also encrypted the backups.
Not only should we reduce taxes, but we must also increase public spending.
Not only were his actions unethical; they were also arguably illegal.
Not only does the poem evoke a sense of loss, but it also subverts traditional sonnet forms.
Not only can such measures be seen as intrusive, but they also risk alienating the electorate.
Not only did she refuse to apologize, but she also had the audacity to blame the victim.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners forget to invert when moving 'Not only' to the front.
Both use inversion, but 'Neither' is for negative addition.
The word order is the same, but 'Not only' sentences are not questions.
자주 하는 실수
He not only tall but also strong.
He is not only tall but also strong.
He is not only tall also strong.
He is not only tall but also strong.
Not only he is tall...
He is not only tall...
She not only plays piano but also she sings.
She not only plays piano but also sings.
Not only she likes tea...
She not only likes tea...
Not only he likes pizza, but he also likes pasta.
Not only does he like pizza, but he also likes pasta.
Not only did he arrived late...
Not only did he arrive late...
Not only did he arrive late, but also did he forget his keys.
Not only did he arrive late, but he also forgot his keys.
Not only is the car fast, but also is it cheap.
Not only is the car fast, but it is also cheap.
Not only he has finished...
Not only has he finished...
Not only the price was high...
Not only was the price high...
문장 패턴
Not only is ___ ___, but it is also ___.
Not only did ___ ___, but they also ___.
Not only does ___ ___, but it also ___.
Not only have ___ ___, but we have also ___.
Real World Usage
Not only did I lead the team, but I also exceeded the annual targets.
Not only is the climate changing, but the rate of change is also accelerating.
Not only will we rebuild our schools, but we will also invest in our teachers.
Not only was the steak overcooked, but the service was also incredibly slow.
Not only did the defendant trespass, but he also damaged private property.
Not only does our product clean better, but it also smells fresher.
'의문문 어순'을 기억하세요!
Not only did he finish the project early?라고 묻는다고 생각하면 쉬워요.
너무 자주 쓰면 어색해요!
Not only is it cold, but it is also windy.
'do/does/did' 규칙을 정복하세요!
Not only does she play chess, but also she wins tournaments.
더 세련된 인상을 남기세요!
Not only can he swim, but also he dives professionally.
Smart Tips
Use one 'Not only' inversion in your conclusion to summarize two main points with impact.
Immediately look for the auxiliary verb. If it's not there, the sentence is likely wrong.
Remember to change the main verb back to its base form when you add 'did'.
Try using a semicolon instead of 'but' for a sophisticated, punchy rhythm.
발음
Stress on 'Not'
The word 'Not' is usually heavily stressed to signal the start of an emphatic structure.
Rising Intonation
The first clause often has a rising intonation at the end to create suspense for the second clause.
The Suspense Curve
Not only did he [rise] WIN, but he [fall] also broke the RECORD.
Creates a sense of building importance.
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'Not only' as a question starter. If you can't make it a question, you can't invert it!
시각적 연상
Imagine a mirror at the start of the sentence. When the subject and verb look into the 'Not only' mirror, they see themselves swapped.
Rhyme
When 'Not only' leads the way, the verb and subject swap their play.
Story
A formal butler enters a room. He doesn't just say 'The tea is hot.' He says, 'Not only is the tea hot, sir, but the scones are also fresh.' The butler always inverts because he is very formal.
Word Web
챌린지
Write three sentences about your favorite hobby using inversion. One must use 'did', one 'is', and one 'has'.
문화 노트
Inversion is very common in high-level British journalism (e.g., The Economist, BBC News) to sound authoritative.
Used frequently in US universities to link evidence in argumentative essays.
This structure is a classic 'tricolon' or 'bicolon' device used in Western oratory from Cicero to Churchill.
Derived from Old English 'na læs þæt an... ac eac' (not less that one... but also).
대화 시작하기
Tell me about a city you visited. Not only was it... but it was also...
What makes a good leader? Not only should they... but they must also...
Think of a bad day you had. Not only did... but... also...
Discuss the benefits of technology. Not only has it... but it has also...
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Not only _____ she excel in academics, but also she's a gifted athlete.
Find and fix the mistake:
Not only he arrived late, but also he forgot his notes.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesShe speaks Japanese and she also speaks Russian.
Find and fix the mistake:
Not only was the movie long, but also was it boring.
Not only ___ ___ the keys, but he also lost his wallet.
Choose the best option:
only / did / not / he / fail / but / he / also / lied
1. Not only is he rich... | 2. Not only did they win... | 3. Not only have we finished...
In the structure 'Not only... but also', both clauses must be inverted.
She has finished the work.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesNot only _____ the company achieve its sales targets, but also it expanded into new markets.
Not only was the presentation informative, but also was it engaging.
어느 문장이 올바른가요?
다음 문장을 도치를 사용하여 영어로 번역하세요: '그녀는 독일어를 말할 뿐만 아니라 가르치기도 합니다.'
단어들을 순서대로 배열하세요:
절을 알맞게 연결하세요:
Not only _____ the director resign, but also several key employees followed suit.
Not only has the company expanded its services, but also it acquiring new clients.
올바른 문장을 고르세요:
번역하세요: '나는 언어를 배우는 것을 사랑할 뿐만 아니라 가르치는 것도 즐깁니다.' (도치 사용)
단어들을 순서대로 배열하세요:
문장을 완성하세요:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes, if it's in the middle of the sentence: 'He is not only smart but also kind.' Inversion is only for when 'Not only' starts the sentence.
Usually, you need 'but' to connect the two clauses. 'Also' can sometimes be replaced by 'as well' at the end of the sentence.
Yes! It sounds professional and highlights your achievements effectively.
This is a historical feature of English where certain negative adverbs trigger 'Subject-Auxiliary Inversion', the same mechanism used for questions.
Yes, it is standard to use a comma to separate the two independent clauses.
It's rare. Usually, it's for two. For three, you'd just use a list: 'He is smart, kind, and funny.'
You must add 'do', 'does', or 'did', just like you do when forming a question in the present or past simple.
Only in very formal situations, like a wedding toast, a presentation, or a speech. In daily chat, it sounds too 'bookish'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
No solo... sino también
No inversion in Spanish.
Nicht nur... sondern auch
German inversion is driven by V2 rules, not just the negative adverb.
Non seulement... mais aussi
French maintains standard SVO order.
〜だけでなく〜も
Particle-based structure vs. word-order inversion.
ليس فقط... بل أيضاً
No specific syntactic 'flip' required.
不仅... 而且...
Strict SVO order with no auxiliary-subject swap.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
05:34 How We Built Watch Duty, the Lifesaving Wildfire Alert App | John Mills | TED
04:56 One big reason that life on Earth exists - Elise Cutts
08:41 Italian Sausage Beans and Greens | Food Wishes
부정어 도치 Not only A but also B 완벽 정리
에이든 영어
고급 영어의 핵심, 도치 구문 (Not only... but also)
라이브 아카데미
Related Grammar Rules
강조: 정말 좋아해요! (Emphatic Do/Does/Did)
### Overview 영어 학습의 최고 단계인 C1 레벨에 도달하신 여러분, 환영합니다. 이 단계에서는 단순히 문장을 정확하게 만드는...
do/does/did를 이용한 강조
### Overview 영어를 배우는 한국인 학습자들에게 `do`, `does`, `did`는 매우 친숙한 단어입니다. 우리는 영어를 처음 배울 때...
필요한 것은... (강조를 위한 Wh-절 분열문)
### Overview `Wh-cleft` 구문은 문장에서 특정 정보를 앞세워 전달력을 높이는 강력한 문법 구조입니다. 이는 어떤 요소를 강...
전치: 목적어를 먼저 놓기
### Overview 영어 학습의 최고 단계인 C1 레벨에 도달한 여러분에게, 문법은 더 이상 단순한 '규칙'이 아니라 자신의 의도를...
존재문 'There' (There is / There are)
휴대폰을 확인했는데 `there is` (없음) 와이파이가 없다는 것을 깨달은 적이 있나요? 그 작은 공포의 순간은 존재의 `there`가...
