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A2 verb 11분 분량

irse

예시 irse 30초 만에
설명 irse in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to express movement. The verb 'irse' is introduced as a way to say 'I am leaving.' You will primarily focus on the present tense 'me voy.' It is important to realize that 'voy' (from 'ir') and 'me voy' (from 'irse') are different. If you say 'voy a la escuela,' you are focusing on the school as your destination. If you say 'me voy,' you are telling people that you are leaving the place where you are right now. You will use it most often when saying goodbye to friends or family. For example, 'Me voy a casa' (I'm going home) is a very common A1 phrase. You should also learn the basic reflexive pronouns: me, te, se, nos, os, se. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex tenses, just focus on the immediate action of departing. You will also see it in very simple commands like '¡Vámonos!' which means 'Let's go!' This is a great word to practice because it is used every single day in almost every conversation. Remember, the 'me' is not optional when you want to say 'I am leaving.' Without it, the sentence feels unfinished to a Spanish speaker. Practice saying 'Ya me voy' when you finish your Spanish class or leave a room.
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At the A2 level, you expand your use of 'irse' to include the past tense and more specific contexts. This is the level where you learn the preterite forms: 'me fui,' 'te fuiste,' 'se fue,' etc. You will use these to describe when someone left a place in the past. For example, 'Él se fue ayer' (He left yesterday). You also start to use 'irse' with the preposition 'de' to specify the point of origin, such as 'Me voy de la oficina a las seis.' You will begin to notice 'irse' in more idiomatic expressions and in the imperative form (commands). Commands like 'vete' (go away) or 'no te vayas' (don't leave) are very common in A2 level stories and dialogues. You are also learning to distinguish between 'irse' and other verbs like 'salir' (to exit) or 'volver' (to return). A2 learners should be able to conjugate 'irse' in the present, preterite, and future tenses. You will also start using it with other verbs, like 'tener que irme' (I have to leave) or 'querer irme' (I want to leave). This is a crucial verb for building your daily vocabulary and being able to describe your movements and the movements of others throughout the day accurately.
At the B1 level, you move beyond the basic 'leaving' and start using 'irse' in more complex grammatical structures, including the present subjunctive and the imperfect tense. You might say 'Espero que no se vayan pronto' (I hope they don't leave soon) or 'Cuando era niño, me iba al parque todos los días' (When I was a child, I used to go to the park every day - though note the nuance between 'iba' and 'me iba'). You also start to learn more figurative uses of the verb. For instance, 'irse de vacaciones' is a standard phrase for going on vacation. You will also encounter 'irse' in the context of things disappearing or being spent, like 'se me fue el dinero' (my money is gone/spent). At this level, you should be comfortable using 'irse' in all the main indicative tenses and the present subjunctive. You are also starting to recognize the difference in tone between 'irse' and its more formal synonym 'marcharse.' You might use 'marcharse' in a formal letter or 'irse' in a casual conversation. You'll also learn the 'irse + gerundio' construction, which describes a gradual departure or an action that is starting to happen, like 'me voy yendo' (I'm starting to head out). This adds a level of sophistication to your speech that makes you sound more like a native speaker.
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At the B2 level, you use 'irse' with high frequency and precision, incorporating it into complex hypothetical sentences and advanced idiomatic expressions. You are expected to use the past subjunctive and conditional tenses with ease, such as 'Si me fuera ahora, llegaría a tiempo' (If I left now, I would arrive on time). You will also master various idioms like 'irse de la lengua' (to let a secret slip) or 'irse por las ramas' (to beat around the bush/go off on a tangent). At this stage, you understand the subtle emotional weight 'irse' can carry—it can imply a sense of abandonment or a sudden, unexpected departure. You will also use the verb to describe processes of change, like 'se está yendo la paciencia' (I'm losing my patience). You are capable of distinguishing between 'irse,' 'marcharse,' 'abandonar,' and 'partir' in various registers, from academic writing to street slang. You might also use 'irse' in the passive voice or with 'se' for accidental occurrences ('se me fue la mano' - I went too far). Your understanding of the verb is now deep enough to appreciate its role in literature and film, where a character's decision to 'irse' often marks a major turning point in the plot. You are no longer just translating 'leave'; you are using 'irse' to express a wide range of human experiences and transitions.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'irse' is nuanced and culturally grounded. You use the verb to express subtle shades of meaning in professional and academic contexts. You are fully comfortable with the most obscure idiomatic uses, such as 'irse al traste' (to go to ruin/fail) or 'irse de rositas' (to get away with something scot-free). You understand how 'irse' functions in different dialects of Spanish, recognizing regional variations in its usage. In your writing, you use 'irse' and its synonyms to create variety and precise tone. You can analyze the philosophical implications of 'irse' in a poem or a philosophical text, where it might represent the passage of time, the inevitability of death, or the search for identity. You use the verb in complex 'si' clauses and with the 'se' of interest or accidental 'se' structures with total accuracy ('se me fueron las ganas'). Your speech is fluid, and you use 'irse' instinctively in social situations to navigate departures with the appropriate level of politeness or firmness. You are also aware of the historical etymology of the verb and how it has evolved from Latin 'ire.' At this level, 'irse' is not just a verb; it is a versatile tool for expressing the dynamics of presence and absence, movement and stillness, in the Spanish language.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like mastery of 'irse' and can use it with complete spontaneity and stylistic flair. You are capable of using the verb in its most literary and archaic forms if necessary, and you understand the full range of its metaphorical potential. You can engage in deep discussions about the nuances between 'irse,' 'partir,' and 'ausentarse' in legal or literary contexts. You use 'irse' to convey irony, sarcasm, or deep emotion in sophisticated ways. For example, you might use 'irse' in a highly creative way in a short story to symbolize a character's internal transformation. You are also an expert in the use of 'irse' in various Spanish-speaking cultures, understanding the different social protocols associated with 'irse' in a business meeting in Chile versus a family gathering in Spain. You can masterfully manipulate the verb in complex syntactic structures, such as those involving multiple clitic pronouns or advanced subjunctive constructions. Your command of idioms is exhaustive, and you might even coin new metaphorical uses of the verb that are grammatically and semantically consistent with the language. For a C2 learner, 'irse' is a fundamental element of a vast linguistic repertoire, used with the same ease and precision as a highly educated native speaker to describe the multifaceted nature of leaving, changing, and disappearing.
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예시

irse 30초 만에

  • The verb 'irse' primarily means 'to leave' or 'to go away', focusing on the point of departure rather than the destination.
  • It is a pronominal verb, meaning it must always be conjugated with reflexive pronouns like 'me', 'te', or 'se'.
  • It is highly irregular in the present, preterite, and future tenses, making it a key verb for students to master.

The Spanish verb irse is a cornerstone of daily communication, serving as the pronominal form of the verb ir (to go). While ir focuses on the destination or the act of moving toward a place, irse shifts the focus to the point of departure—the act of leaving or moving away from where one currently is. In English, we often translate it as "to leave," "to go away," or "to take off." Understanding the nuance between these two verbs is one of the first major hurdles for Spanish learners, but mastering irse unlocks a more natural, native-sounding way of speaking.

Core Concept
The addition of the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, os, se) changes the meaning from simply moving to another location to the specific action of exiting the current environment.

Ya es tarde, así que me voy a casa ahora mismo.

Native speakers use irse in almost every social context. When you are at a party and decide it is time to head home, you don't just say "Voy"; you say "Me voy." If someone is bothering you, you might tell them "¡Vete!" (Go away!). It conveys a sense of completion regarding the current location. It is also used metaphorically to describe things disappearing or passing, such as time "going by" or a smell "fading away." The versatility of irse extends into idiomatic territory, where it can mean anything from losing one's mind (irse la pinza) to dying (irse de este mundo).

Common Usage
It is frequently used in the present tense to announce an immediate departure, often preceded by 'ya' (already/now), as in 'Ya me voy.'

¿Por qué te vas tan temprano de la reunión?

Beyond physical movement, irse is used to describe the consumption or exhaustion of resources. For example, money "goes" (el dinero se va) on bills and taxes. This implies a loss or a transition from one state to another. In social settings, the verb is often softened with the diminutive in some regions (me voy yendo), which translates roughly to "I'm going to start heading out," making the departure feel less abrupt. This richness in application makes it an essential verb for anyone aiming for fluency.

Grammatical Note
Because it is pronominal, the pronoun must always match the subject. 'Yo' uses 'me,' 'tú' uses 'te,' 'él/ella' uses 'se,' and so on.

Mis amigos se fueron de vacaciones a España ayer.

¡No te vayas todavía, la fiesta acaba de empezar!

El tren se va en cinco minutos, ¡corre!

Using irse correctly requires a firm grasp of both the irregular conjugation of ir and the placement of reflexive pronouns. Since irse is an intransitive verb in its pronominal form, it often stands alone or is followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the origin or the destination. However, the primary focus remains the exit. For instance, when you say "Me voy," you are stating "I am leaving." If you want to specify where you are leaving from, you use the preposition de.

Leaving a Place
Use 'irse de' followed by the location. Example: 'Se fue de la oficina a las cinco' (He left the office at five).

¿Cuándo te vas de Madrid para volver a Londres?

In the present tense, the conjugations are: me voy, te vas, se va, nos vamos, os vais, se van. In the preterite (past) tense, which is very common for describing when someone left, the forms are: me fui, te fuiste, se fue, nos fuimos, os fuisteis, se fueron. Note that these are identical to the preterite forms of the verb ser (to be), but context always makes the meaning clear. If you say "Ella se fue," it almost always means "She left," whereas "Ella fue amable" means "She was kind."

Commands and Suggestions
The imperative forms are vital. 'Vete' (Go away/Leave - informal), 'Váyase' (Leave - formal), and 'Vámonos' (Let's go/Let's leave).

Si no te gusta el trabajo, vete y busca algo mejor.

Another common structure is using irse to indicate an action that is about to happen or a state of being "gone." In the future tense, it predicts a departure: "Se irán pronto." In the subjunctive, it expresses desires or doubts about someone leaving: "Espero que no te vayas." The verb is also frequently paired with the gerund to indicate a gradual departure or a process of leaving: "Se está yendo la luz" (The light is fading/going out).

Duration and Intent
Adding 'para siempre' (forever) or 'por un rato' (for a while) helps specify the nature of the departure.

Mi hermano se fue a vivir a Australia el año pasado.

No nos iremos hasta que hayamos terminado todo el proyecto.

¿Por qué se han ido todos tan de repente?

The word irse is ubiquitous in the Spanish-speaking world, appearing in everything from high-stakes drama in telenovelas to the simplest interactions at a grocery store. If you walk through a busy street in Mexico City, Madrid, or Buenos Aires, you will hear "¡Me voy!" shouted as people exit shops or say goodbye to friends on street corners. It is the standard way to announce your departure in a way that is polite yet definitive. Unlike the English "I'm going," which often requires a destination ("I'm going to the store"), "Me voy" is a complete thought.

Social Gatherings
At the end of a dinner, guests will stand up and say 'Bueno, ya nos vamos' to signal the evening is over.

¡Vámonos! se nos hace tarde para la película.

In pop culture, irse is a favorite of songwriters. Countless songs about heartbreak use se fue to describe a lover who has left. For example, the famous song "Se Fue" by Laura Pausini is an anthem of loss, where the verb emphasizes the emptiness left behind. In movies, a dramatic exit is almost always accompanied by a firm "Me voy de aquí." In the workplace, you'll hear it when colleagues finish their shift: "Me voy, ¡hasta mañana!" It is also the verb used in travel contexts, such as airports and train stations, when discussing departure times.

In the Media
News headlines often use 'se va' when a politician resigns or a famous athlete leaves a team.

El delantero se va del club tras diez temporadas de éxito.

You will also hear it in idiomatic expressions that are part of the daily fabric of the language. When someone says "Se me fue el santo al cielo," they mean they completely forgot what they were going to say or do—literally, "the saint went to heaven from me." When something is very expensive, people say "Se va de presupuesto" (It's going over budget). This constant presence in both literal and figurative speech makes irse one of the most high-frequency verbs in the Spanish language.

¡Ya me voy! No me esperes para cenar.

¿A qué hora se va el último autobús de la noche?

The most frequent mistake English speakers make is confusing ir with irse. Because both can translate to "to go," learners often say "Voy" when they mean "I'm leaving." In Spanish, "Voy" usually implies "I'm coming" (in response to someone calling you) or "I'm going [to a specific place]." If you are standing in a room and want to announce that you are exiting, you must use the reflexive pronoun: "Me voy." Using "Voy" in this context sounds incomplete and confusing to a native speaker.

The Missing Pronoun
Forgetting the 'me, te, se' etc. is the #1 error. 'Él fue' means 'He went' or 'He was,' but 'Él se fue' means 'He left.'

Incorrect: Voy de la fiesta ahora. (I'm going from the party now.)

Correct: Me voy de la fiesta ahora.

Another common pitfall is the use of prepositions. Learners often try to use a (to) with irse when they should use de (from). While you can say "Me voy a casa" (I'm leaving for home), the core meaning of irse is about where you are coming from. If you say "Me voy la oficina," it is grammatically incorrect because it lacks the preposition de. You must say "Me voy de la oficina." Additionally, learners sometimes over-reflexivize other verbs, thinking that adding a pronoun always adds the meaning of "leaving," which is not true.

Confusion with 'Salir'
While 'salir' also means to leave, it specifically refers to exiting a physical container (a room, a building). 'Irse' is more general and often implies a permanent or significant departure.

No confundas salir (to exit) con irse (to depart/leave).

Finally, the conjugation of irse in the imperative can be tricky. Many learners say "Vate" instead of "Vete," or they forget to drop the 's' in "Vámonos." Remember that the reflexive pronoun attaches to the end of affirmative commands, creating a single word. In negative commands, it sits between the 'no' and the verb: "No te vayas." Mastering these small details will prevent you from making the errors that typically mark a beginner.

Incorrect: ¡No vayas te! (Don't leave!)

Correct: ¡No te vayas!

To truly master the concept of leaving in Spanish, it is helpful to compare irse with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a slightly different shade of meaning that can change the tone of your sentence. While irse is the most common and versatile, words like marcharse, salir, partir, and abandonar offer more precision depending on the situation.

Irse vs. Marcharse
'Marcharse' is slightly more formal or emphatic than 'irse.' It often implies a more definitive or long-term departure. If you 'te marchas,' you are often leaving for a good reason or a long time.

Se marchó de la ciudad sin decir adiós a nadie.

Salir is often confused with irse, but salir specifically means "to exit" a physical space. If you are inside a house and you go out the door, you sales. If you leave the party to go home, you te vas. Partir is most commonly used in the context of travel, such as a train or ship "departing" from a station or port. It has a more formal and structured feel to it. Abandonar, like the English "abandon," implies leaving something behind, often with a sense of finality or neglect, such as leaving a job, a project, or a person.

Irse vs. Dejar
'Dejar' means 'to leave [something/someone] behind.' You leave your keys on the table ('dejas las llaves'), but you leave the room ('te vas de la habitación').

¿Por qué dejaste el paraguas en el tren cuando te fuiste?

Finally, in very informal or slang contexts, you might encounter verbs like pirarse or largarse. These are much more blunt. Pirarse is common in Spain among young people ("¡Me piro!"), while largarse often carries a connotation of leaving in a hurry or being told to get out ("¡Lárgate!"). Understanding these alternatives allows you to choose the exact level of formality and emotion you want to convey when describing the act of leaving.

El barco parte hacia el Caribe mañana al amanecer.

No quiero abandonar mis sueños, aunque sea difícil.

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수준별 예문

1

Me voy ahora mismo.

I am leaving right now.

Present tense, 1st person singular with reflexive pronoun 'me'.

2

¿Te vas ya?

Are you leaving already?

Question form using the 2nd person singular 'te vas'.

3

Él se va a las ocho.

He is leaving at eight.

3rd person singular with the pronoun 'se'.

4

Nos vamos a casa.

We are going home (leaving for home).

1st person plural 'nos vamos'.

5

¡Vámonos!

Let's go! / Let's leave!

Imperative form for 'nosotros', 's' is dropped.

6

Ellos se van mañana.

They are leaving tomorrow.

3rd person plural 'se van'.

7

No me voy todavía.

I'm not leaving yet.

Negative sentence with 'no' before the pronoun.

8

¿A qué hora te vas?

What time are you leaving?

Interrogative sentence with 'a qué hora'.

1

Se fue de la fiesta temprano.

He left the party early.

Preterite tense, 3rd person singular.

2

Me fui a dormir a las diez.

I went to sleep at ten.

Preterite tense, 1st person singular.

3

¿Por qué te fuiste tan pronto?

Why did you leave so soon?

Preterite tense question.

4

Se fueron de vacaciones ayer.

They went on vacation yesterday.

Preterite tense, 3rd person plural.

5

Tengo que irme ya.

I have to leave now.

Infinitive 'irme' attached to 'tengo que'.

6

¡Vete de aquí!

Go away from here!

Informal imperative (command).

7

No se vaya, por favor.

Don't leave, please.

Formal negative command (Ud.).

8

Nos fuimos sin decir nada.

We left without saying anything.

Preterite tense, 1st person plural.

1

Espero que no te vayas todavía.

I hope you don't leave yet.

Present subjunctive after a verb of emotion (esperar).

2

Si te vas, estaré muy triste.

If you leave, I will be very sad.

First conditional structure.

3

Se me fue el tiempo volando.

Time flew by (for me).

Idiomatic use with 'se' of interest/accidental 'se'.

4

Me voy yendo, que es tarde.

I'm heading out, it's late.

Periphrastic use 'irse + gerundio' for gradual action.

5

Se fue de la empresa por el estrés.

She left the company due to stress.

Preterite used to describe a permanent change.

6

No quiero que se vayan sin comer.

I don't want them to leave without eating.

Present subjunctive after 'querer que'.

7

Se fue la luz durante la tormenta.

The power went out during the storm.

Figurative use meaning 'to disappear' or 'to fail'.

8

Me iría si tuviera dinero.

I would leave if I had money.

Conditional tense.

1

Se fue de la lengua y contó todo.

He let his tongue slip and told everything.

Idiomatic expression 'irse de la lengua'.

2

No te vayas por las ramas, responde.

Don't beat around the bush, answer.

Idiomatic expression 'irse por las ramas'.

3

Si se hubiera ido antes, no habría tráfico.

If he had left earlier, there wouldn't be traffic.

Third conditional with pluperfect subjunctive.

4

Se le fue la mano con la sal.

He went overboard with the salt.

Idiomatic expression 'irse la mano'.

5

Es increíble que se haya ido así.

It's incredible that he left like that.

Present perfect subjunctive after an impersonal expression.

6

Me iré de aquí en cuanto pueda.

I will leave here as soon as I can.

Future tense with 'en cuanto' + subjunctive.

7

Se fue de rositas tras el escándalo.

He got off scot-free after the scandal.

Idiomatic expression 'irse de rositas'.

8

A medida que crecía, se le iba la timidez.

As he grew up, his shyness went away.

Imperfect tense used for a gradual process.

1

Todo el plan se fue al traste.

The whole plan went to ruin.

Idiomatic expression 'irse al traste'.

2

Se me fue el santo al cielo y olvidé la cita.

I completely forgot and missed the appointment.

Idiomatic expression 'irse el santo al cielo'.

3

No permitas que se te vaya la oportunidad.

Don't let the opportunity slip away from you.

Subjunctive with 'se' of interest.

4

Se fue de este mundo rodeado de su familia.

He passed away surrounded by his family.

Euphemism for dying.

5

El color se le fue de la cara del susto.

The color drained from his face from the fright.

Descriptive use for physical changes.

6

A veces se me va la pinza y digo tonterías.

Sometimes I lose it and say silly things.

Informal idiom 'irse la pinza'.

7

Se fue de vacío después de tanto esfuerzo.

He left empty-handed after so much effort.

Idiomatic expression 'irse de vacío'.

8

Dudo que se vaya a solucionar pronto.

I doubt it is going to be solved soon.

Subjunctive with 'dudar que' and periphrastic future.

1

Su vida se fue consumiendo poco a poco.

His life was slowly being consumed/fading away.

Literary use of 'irse' with a gerund.

2

Se fue de bruces contra la realidad.

He fell flat on his face against reality.

Metaphorical idiom 'irse de bruces'.

3

No se me va de la cabeza esa melodía.

I can't get that melody out of my head.

Idiomatic use for persistent thoughts.

4

La empresa se fue a pique por la mala gestión.

The company went under due to poor management.

Idiomatic expression 'irse a pique'.

5

Se fue por el desagüe todo el presupuesto anual.

The entire annual budget went down the drain.

Metaphorical use of 'irse'.

6

Se fue de mambo y acabó en problemas.

He went too far and ended up in trouble.

Regional slang (Rioplatense) idiom 'irse de mambo'.

7

El aroma se fue desvaneciendo con el viento.

The aroma was gradually fading with the wind.

Literary description of sensory loss.

8

Se fue sin pena ni gloria de su cargo.

He left his position without making any impact.

Idiomatic expression 'sin pena ni gloria'.

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