roto
Broken.
Roto describes something that is physically broken or damaged, requiring agreement in gender and number.
30초 단어
- Describes an object that is damaged or fractured.
- Used with 'estar' to indicate a state.
- Can apply to physical items or emotional states.
Summary
Roto describes something that is physically broken or damaged, requiring agreement in gender and number.
- Describes an object that is damaged or fractured.
- Used with 'estar' to indicate a state.
- Can apply to physical items or emotional states.
Use with estar for states
Always use 'estar' instead of 'ser' when describing a broken object. It describes a temporary state, not a permanent characteristic of the item.
Avoid ser for broken items
Saying 'el plato es roto' is incorrect. Use 'el plato está roto' to reflect the current damaged condition.
Emotional usage in Spanish culture
In Spanish-speaking cultures, 'corazón roto' is a very common and universally understood metaphor for heartbreak. It carries the same weight as in English.
예시
4 / 4El jarrón está roto en el suelo.
The vase is broken on the floor.
El contrato ha sido roto por la otra parte.
The contract has been broken by the other party.
¡Cuidado, ese cristal está roto!
Careful, that glass is broken!
El sistema económico está roto desde hace años.
The economic system has been broken for years.
어휘 가족
암기 팁
Think of the sound 'ROT-o' as 'ROT-ten', but instead of decaying, it is broken into pieces. If it's broken, it's 'roto'.
Visión general
'Roto' es el participio irregular del verbo 'romper'. Como adjetivo, funciona para describir el estado final de un objeto que ya no está entero. Es una palabra fundamental en el español cotidiano debido a su alta frecuencia de uso.
Patrones de uso
Al ser un adjetivo, debe concordar en género y número con el sustantivo al que acompaña (roto, rota, rotos, rotas). Se utiliza frecuentemente con el verbo copulativo 'estar' para indicar un estado resultante, por ejemplo: 'El vaso está roto'.
Contextos comunes
Se emplea habitualmente para describir objetos cotidianos dañados (tazas, ropa, ventanas, pantallas de móviles). En un sentido figurado, podemos decir que un corazón está 'roto' tras una decepción amorosa o que una promesa ha sido 'rota'.
Comparación con palabras similares
A diferencia de 'averiado', que se usa casi exclusivamente para máquinas o sistemas que no funcionan, 'roto' implica una fractura física visible. Mientras que 'estropeado' puede ser sinónimo, 'roto' enfatiza la ruptura física más que el mal funcionamiento técnico.
사용 참고사항
Roto is a very versatile adjective used in both formal and informal registers. Always ensure it matches the gender and number of the noun it describes. It is most frequently used with the verb 'estar' to describe the resulting state of an object.
자주 하는 실수
The most common error is using 'ser' instead of 'estar'. Another mistake is failing to match the gender, such as saying 'el plato rota'. Remember that 'roto' is the past participle of 'romper', so it functions as an adjective in this context.
암기 팁
Think of the sound 'ROT-o' as 'ROT-ten', but instead of decaying, it is broken into pieces. If it's broken, it's 'roto'.
어원
The word comes from the Latin 'ruptus', the past participle of 'rumpere', meaning to break. It evolved through Vulgar Latin into the Spanish 'roto'.
문화적 맥락
In Spanish culture, the term 'corazón roto' is a standard way to describe deep sadness. Additionally, 'roto' can sometimes describe someone who is physically exhausted, though this is more regional.
예시
El jarrón está roto en el suelo.
everydayThe vase is broken on the floor.
El contrato ha sido roto por la otra parte.
formalThe contract has been broken by the other party.
¡Cuidado, ese cristal está roto!
informalCareful, that glass is broken!
El sistema económico está roto desde hace años.
academicThe economic system has been broken for years.
어휘 가족
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
estar roto de dolor
to be heartbroken/devastated
romper el hielo
to break the ice
romper las reglas
to break the rules
자주 혼동되는 단어
Averiado specifically refers to machines or electronic devices that stop working. Roto implies physical breakage or damage.
Estropeado is more general and can mean damaged, ruined, or spoiled. Roto is more specific to breaking.
문법 패턴
Use with estar for states
Always use 'estar' instead of 'ser' when describing a broken object. It describes a temporary state, not a permanent characteristic of the item.
Avoid ser for broken items
Saying 'el plato es roto' is incorrect. Use 'el plato está roto' to reflect the current damaged condition.
Emotional usage in Spanish culture
In Spanish-speaking cultures, 'corazón roto' is a very common and universally understood metaphor for heartbreak. It carries the same weight as in English.
셀프 테스트
Completa con la forma correcta de roto.
Mis gafas están ___.
Gafas es un sustantivo femenino plural, por lo tanto el adjetivo debe ser rotas.
Elige la opción correcta.
¿Qué oración es gramaticalmente correcta?
Se requiere el verbo estar y la concordancia femenina del adjetivo.
Ordena la frase.
está / el / roto / juguete
La estructura estándar es Sujeto + Verbo + Adjetivo.
점수: /3
자주 묻는 질문
4 질문Roto implica una rotura física, como un cristal partido. Averiado se usa mayormente para aparatos electrónicos o mecánicos que no funcionan correctamente.
Sí, se usa de forma figurada para describir a alguien que sufre mucho dolor emocional. Decir 'estoy roto' significa que estás muy triste o devastado.
Es el participio del verbo romper, pero funciona como adjetivo cuando describe el estado de un objeto. Como verbo, se usa en tiempos compuestos: 'He roto el plato'.
El femenino es 'rota' y el plural es 'rotos' o 'rotas', dependiendo del sustantivo al que califique.
이 단어를 다른 언어로
관련 어휘
general 관련 단어
abajo
A1Down, downstairs, below.
abandonar
B1To leave a place or person, often permanently.
abierta
A1Open (female); not closed or restricted.
abierto
A1Open.
abierto/a
A2Not closed or sealed; open.
Abrir
A1To open
absolutamente
A2Completely, totally, or without qualification.
abstención
B2Abstention, the act of refraining from voting or participation.
abstenerse
B2To abstain, refrain, or hold oneself back from doing something.
Abundancia
B2A large quantity or ample supply of something; plentifulness.
