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A1 noun #4,000 가장 일반적인 7분 분량

گردش

Q: How do you pluralize 'gardesh'?

The plural is 'gardesh-ha' (گردشها). It is used when referring to multiple distinct outings or different types of circulation.

상위 4,000

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 گردش 30초 만에

설명 گردش in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should understand 'gardesh' as 'a walk' or 'a short outing.' It is one of the first words you learn when talking about weekend activities or hobbies. At this stage, you only need to know how to pair it with 'raftan' (to go). For example, 'Man be gardesh miravam' (I go for a walk). It is a simple, concrete concept related to leisure. You might see it in basic textbooks alongside pictures of parks or families having a picnic. The focus is on the physical act of leaving the house for pleasure. You don't need to worry about scientific or economic meanings yet; just think of it as 'going out for fun.' It helps you answer the basic question: 'What do you do on Fridays?'

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'gardesh' in more varied sentences. You might start using the light verb 'kardan' to say 'gardesh kardan' (to stroll/tour). You also learn to add simple adjectives, like 'gardesh-e kutah' (a short outing) or 'gardesh-e tulani' (a long outing). You can describe where you are going, such as 'gardesh dar park' (a stroll in the park). You should also be able to distinguish 'gardesh' from 'safar' (travel) more clearly. At this level, you might also encounter the word 'gardeshgar' (tourist) in travel-related vocabulary. Your sentences become slightly more complex, involving time and companions: 'Last week, I went for a gardesh with my family.'

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At the B1 level, you move beyond just 'strolling' and start to see 'gardesh' in technical or semi-formal contexts. You will encounter 'gardesh-e khun' (blood circulation) in health topics and 'gardesh-e mali' (financial turnover) in simple news articles or banking contexts. You should be able to use 'gardesh' to describe a 'tour' of a city, like a tour guide would. You also start to learn common phrases like 'gardesh-e ruzgar' (the turn of time/fate) in more literary or reflective conversations. Your understanding of the word’s root (to turn) becomes more apparent as you see it applied to cycles and systems. You can explain the difference between a 'gardesh-e elmi' (field trip) and a regular outing.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'gardesh' fluently in both its literal and metaphorical senses. You can discuss the 'gardesh-e kar' (workflow) in an office or the 'gardesh-e naggdinegi' (liquidity circulation) in an economy. You understand the nuance between 'gardesh' and its synonyms like 'gasht-o-gozar' or 'sayr-o-safar.' You can use the word in complex grammatical structures, such as passive forms or in conjunction with sophisticated modal verbs. You might read articles about 'gardeshgari' (the tourism industry) and discuss its impact on the environment. Your use of the word is no longer limited to 'fun walks' but encompasses any cyclical movement or systematic flow.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C1 level, you appreciate the poetic and historical depth of 'gardesh.' You can analyze its use in classical Persian poetry (like Hafez or Rumi), where it often refers to the 'gardesh-e charkh' (the turning of the celestial sphere) or the cyclical nature of life and death. You use the word in academic writing to describe processes like 'gardesh-e etela'at' (the flow of information) or 'gardesh-e nokhbegan' (the circulation of elites). Your vocabulary includes rare idioms and sophisticated collocations. You can switch effortlessly between the colloquial 'going for a walk' and the highly formal 'systemic circulation' without hesitation, choosing the exact register required for the situation.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C2 level, your mastery of 'gardesh' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You understand the most subtle connotations and can use the word to create nuanced metaphors in literature or philosophy. You can discuss complex scientific theories involving 'gardesh' (like planetary mechanics or complex thermodynamic cycles) with precision. You are familiar with the legal and administrative nuances of 'gardesh-e parvandeh' (the movement/status of a legal case). You can play with the word's multiple meanings in puns or high-level rhetoric. The word is a versatile tool in your linguistic arsenal, used to describe anything from the simplest human joy to the most complex cosmic laws.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

گردش 30초 만에

Gardesh is the standard Persian word for an outing, stroll, or excursion taken for pleasure, typically lasting a few hours or a day.
It also functions as a technical term meaning 'circulation' or 'rotation' in medical, financial, and scientific contexts.
Commonly paired with light verbs like 'kardan' (to do) and 'raftan' (to go) to describe the act of taking a walk or tour.
Derived from the root 'gard' (to turn), it implies a cyclical movement or returning to where one started.

The Persian word گردش (gardesh) is a versatile noun that originates from the root verb gardidan, meaning 'to turn' or 'to rotate.' At its most fundamental level, it describes the act of moving in a circle or returning to a starting point. However, in everyday modern Persian, its most common application is to describe an excursion, a pleasure trip, or a simple stroll. It captures the essence of leisure and movement combined. When a family decides to spend their Friday afternoon at a local park, they are going for a گردش. It is distinct from a long-distance journey (safar) because it implies a shorter duration and a focus on relaxation rather than reaching a specific destination for business or necessity.

Primary Meaning: An outing or excursion taken for pleasure and recreation, often involving walking or light travel within a city or nearby nature.

ما امروز به گردش رفتیم تا از هوای بهاری لذت ببریم.

Translation: We went for an outing today to enjoy the spring air.

Beyond the physical act of walking, gardesh is used extensively in scientific and economic contexts. It refers to the 'circulation' of fluids, such as گردش خون (blood circulation), or the 'turnover' of assets, such as گردش مالی (financial turnover). This duality makes it a crucial word for learners to master, as it bridges the gap between basic conversational Persian and more advanced technical discourse. In a social sense, gardesh is deeply embedded in Iranian culture, particularly the tradition of 'Sizdah Bedar,' where people leave their homes to spend time in nature.

Scientific Context: Refers to the movement of planets, blood, or air in a cycle.

زمین در حال گردش به دور خورشید است.

گردش خون در بدن برای سلامتی حیاتی است.

Metaphorical Use: The 'turn' of time or the wheel of fortune (gardesh-e ruzgar).

از گردش روزگار نباید غافل شد.

این یک گردش علمی برای دانشجویان است.

In summary, gardesh is more than just a walk; it is any movement that cycles back, whether it's a physical stroll, the flow of money, or the rotation of the cosmos.

Using گردش correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and how it pairs with light verbs to form complex predicates. The most common verb paired with it is kardan (to do/make), resulting in گردش کردن, which means 'to stroll' or 'to take a tour.' Another very frequent construction is به گردش رفتن (to go for an outing). While both are common, 'gardesh kardan' sounds slightly more active and focused on the movement itself, while 'be gardesh raftan' focuses on the event of going out.

Basic Structure: Subject + (Location) + به گردش + رفتن (Conjugated)

دوستانم فردا به گردش می‌روند.

My friends are going for an outing tomorrow.

For technical uses, the word is often used in the 'Ezafe' construction, where it is followed by another noun to specify what is circulating. For example, گردشِ کار (workflow) or گردشِ ایام (the passage of days). In these cases, the 'e' sound (the Ezafe) connects gardesh to its modifier.

Scientific Structure: Gardesh + (Ezafe) + Noun (The thing circulating)

گردشِ زمین به دور خودش ۲۴ ساعت طول می‌کشد.

او کلید را در قفل گردش داد.

The 'Gardesh-e Elmi': This specifically refers to a field trip or educational excursion.

دانش‌آموزان برای گردش علمی به موزه رفتند.

بانک مرکزی گردش پول را کنترل می‌کند.

When you want to describe a 'tour' of a city for a tourist, gardesh is the perfect word. It implies seeing various sights in a sequence. You can say گردش در شهر (a tour in/of the city). It is a soft, pleasant word that evokes images of parks, mountains, and historical sites.

In Iran, you will hear گردش in various social and professional settings. On a typical Thursday or Friday morning, you might hear a neighbor ask, 'Emruz baraye gardesh koja mirid?' (Where are you going for an outing today?). It is the standard term for weekend plans that involve leaving the house but staying within a reasonable distance.

Social Context: Used when planning family trips, dates, or school excursions.

بیا آخر هفته به یک گردش کوتاه برویم.

In the media, particularly news broadcasts, the word takes on a more serious tone. You will hear financial reporters talk about گردش مالی (financial turnover) when discussing the economy or the stock market. Medical segments on TV will frequently use گردش خون (blood circulation) when giving health advice about exercise or diet.

Professional Context: Used in banking (turnover), medicine (circulation), and physics (rotation).

صورت‌حساب نشان‌دهنده گردش حساب شماست.

ورزش باعث بهبود گردش خون می‌شود.

Educational Context: Students use it to describe field trips organized by their schools.

برنامه گردش علمی هفته آینده لغو شد.

گردش کار در این اداره بسیار کند است.

Whether you are reading a biology textbook or a travel brochure, gardesh is a word that appears constantly, signifying any process that involves movement through a system or a cycle.

A frequent mistake for English speakers is confusing گردش (gardesh) with سفر (safar). While both involve travel, safar implies a journey, usually to another city or country, and often involves staying overnight. Gardesh, on the other hand, is usually a day trip or a short outing. If you tell an Iranian friend you went on a 'gardesh' to France, they will find it strange because France is too far for a simple 'gardesh.'

Mistake 1: Using for Long Journeys: Incorrect: من برای گردش به آمریکا رفتم. (Unless you mean you toured America once you were there).

صحیح: من برای سفر به آمریکا رفتم.

Another common error is with the light verb. Some learners might try to use shodan (to become) with gardesh to mean 'to go for a walk.' This is incorrect. Use kardan or raftan.

Mistake 2: Wrong Light Verb: Incorrect: ما در پارک گردش شدیم.

صحیح: ما در پارک گردش کردیم.

Learners also sometimes confuse gardesh with piyadeh-ravi (walking/hiking). While a gardesh often involves walking, piyadeh-ravi is specifically the physical act of walking, often for exercise. Gardesh is the social event or the outing itself.

Mistake 3: Overusing in Technical Contexts: Using 'gardesh' for 'rotation' in non-standard ways (e.g., rotating a PDF file) usually requires 'charkhesh' instead.

برای چرخاندن تصویر از کلمه چرخش استفاده کنید.

او تمام روز را به گردش گذراند.

Finally, remember that gardesh is a singular noun. Even if you visit many places, you usually refer to the whole event as 'a gardesh.' Pluralizing it as gardesh-ha is possible but less common unless you are talking about multiple distinct outings over a period of time.

To enrich your Persian vocabulary, it is helpful to know words that are similar to گردش but carry different nuances. The most common synonym in a leisure context is تفریح (tafrih), which means 'fun' or 'recreation.' While a gardesh is a type of tafrih, tafrih can also include playing video games or watching a movie.

Comparison: Gardesh vs. Tafrih: Gardesh implies movement and being outdoors; Tafrih is any general fun activity.

ما برای تفریح به سینما رفتیم.

Another related word is گشت‌وگذار (gasht-o-gozar). This is a more poetic and comprehensive term for 'wandering' or 'exploring.' It suggests a longer, more leisurely time spent looking around various places.

Comparison: Gardesh vs. Charkhesh: Gardesh is circulation or pleasure trips; Charkhesh is the physical rotation of an object (like a wheel).

چرخش چرخ‌های ماشین سریع بود.

آن‌ها در بازار مشغول گشت‌وگذار هستند.

Comparison: Gardesh vs. Safar: Gardesh is local/short; Safar is distant/long.

سفر به شمال همیشه برای من لذت‌بخش است.

یک گردش یک‌روزه در کوهستان عالی است.

Understanding these distinctions helps you choose the right word for the right situation, making your Persian sound more natural and precise. Whether you're talking about a quick walk in the park or the complex flow of blood through the heart, you now have the tools to navigate the world of 'gardesh' and its related terms.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The root 'gard' in Persian is cognate with the English word 'yard' and 'garden,' which originally referred to an enclosed (turned/fenced) space.

발음 가이드

UK /ɡæɾ.deʃ/

US /ɡæɹ.deʃ/

The stress is on the second syllable: gar-DESH.

라임이 맞는 단어

ورزش (varzesh - exercise) ارزش (arzesh - value) لرزش (larzesh - vibration) پذیرش (paziresh - acceptance) آرامش (aramesh - peace) سفارش (sefaresh - order) گزارش (gozaresh - report) آموزش (amuzesh - training)

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the 'g' like 'j'. It is always a hard 'g' as in 'go'.
Missing the 'sh' at the end. Make sure to articulate the 'sh' clearly.
Pronouncing the 'r' too softly. In Persian, the 'r' should be slightly tapped or rolled.
Confusing the 'e' sound with 'ee'. It is a short 'e' as in 'bed'.
Stressing the first syllable. Remember, Persian nouns usually have stress at the end.

난이도

독해 1/5

Very easy to read, clearly distinct letters.

쓰기 2/5

Requires correct placement of the 'sh' teeth and the 'g' stroke.

말하기 2/5

Easy, but requires the tapped Persian 'r'.

듣기 1/5

Very common word, easy to recognize in speech.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

رفتن (to go) پارک (park) دوست (friend) خوب (good) هوا (weather)

다음에 배울 것

مسافرت (travel) تفریح (fun) طبیعت (nature) گردشگر (tourist) بلیط (ticket)

고급

نقدینگی (liquidity) افلاک (celestial spheres) دیالکتیک (dialectic) فیزیولوژی (physiology) مکانیزم (mechanism)

알아야 할 문법

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

گردش + کردن = گردش کردن (To stroll).

The Ezafe Construction

گردشِ خون (Blood circulation).

Preposition 'Be' for Destination/Purpose

به گردش رفتن (To go for an outing).

Pluralization with '-ha'

گردش‌ها (Outings).

Adjective placement

گردشِ طولانی (Long outing).

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

ما به گردش می‌رویم.

We are going for an outing.

Simple present continuous using 'miravim'.

پارک برای گردش خوب است.

The park is good for a stroll.

Noun 'gardesh' used as an object of the preposition 'baraye'.

آیا به گردش می‌آیی؟

Are you coming for an outing?

Interrogative sentence using 'mi-ayi'.

من گردش را دوست دارم.

I like outings.

Direct object with 'ra'.

امروز هوا برای گردش عالی است.

Today the weather is great for an outing.

Adjective 'ali' modifying the situation.

او با سگش به گردش رفت.

He went for a walk with his dog.

Past tense 'raft'.

جمعه روز گردش است.

Friday is the day for outings.

Equative sentence (A is B).

یک گردش کوتاه در باغ.

A short stroll in the garden.

Noun phrase with adjective 'kutah'.

ما دیروز در ساحل گردش کردیم.

We strolled on the beach yesterday.

Compound verb 'gardesh kardan' in simple past.

برادرم به گردش علمی رفت.

My brother went on a field trip.

Compound noun 'gardesh-e elmi'.

این شهر مکان‌های زیادی برای گردش دارد.

This city has many places for touring.

Plural noun 'makan-ha' and 'baraye gardesh'.

می‌خواهیم به یک گردش یک‌روزه برویم.

We want to go on a one-day outing.

Compound adjective 'yek-ruze'.

گردش در کوهستان خسته‌کننده بود.

The hike/stroll in the mountains was tiring.

Gerund-like use of 'gardesh' as a subject.

او همیشه عصرها به گردش می‌رود.

He always goes for a walk in the evenings.

Adverb of frequency 'hamishe'.

لباس مناسب برای گردش بپوش.

Wear suitable clothes for the outing.

Imperative verb 'bepush'.

کدام پارک برای گردش بهتر است؟

Which park is better for a stroll?

Comparative adjective 'behtar'.

گردش خون در بدن بسیار مهم است.

Blood circulation in the body is very important.

Technical use of 'gardesh' with Ezafe.

او گردش حساب بانکی‌اش را گرفت.

He got his bank account statement (history of circulation).

Financial term 'gardesh-e hesab'.

گردش زمین به دور خورشید یک سال طول می‌کشد.

The Earth's orbit around the sun takes one year.

Scientific use for 'orbit/rotation'.

ما از گردش در موزه‌ی ملی لذت بردیم.

We enjoyed touring the national museum.

Verb 'lezzat bordan' with preposition 'az'.

این منطقه برای گردشگری بسیار مناسب است.

This area is very suitable for tourism.

Derived noun 'gardeshgari'.

گردش کار در این شرکت خیلی سریع است.

The workflow in this company is very fast.

Idiomatic professional use 'gardesh-e kar'.

او به گردش ایام و سرنوشت اعتقاد دارد.

He believes in the turn of days and destiny.

Poetic/Metaphorical use.

برای بهبود گردش هوا، پنجره را باز کن.

Open the window to improve air circulation.

Infinitive 'bebud' (improvement).

گردش نقدینگی در بازار کاهش یافته است.

Liquidity circulation in the market has decreased.

Economic term 'gardesh-e naghdinegi'.

گردش مأموران پلیس در خیابان‌ها امنیت را حفظ می‌کند.

Police patrols in the streets maintain security.

Using 'gardesh' to mean 'patrol/rounds'.

او با یک گردش سریع، کلید را در قفل چرخاند.

With a quick turn, he turned the key in the lock.

Describing a physical turning motion.

گردش اطلاعات در عصر دیجیتال بسیار حیاتی است.

The flow of information in the digital age is vital.

Abstract use 'gardesh-e etela'at'.

این کتاب درباره گردش سیارات در منظومه شمسی است.

This book is about the movement of planets in the solar system.

Preposition 'darbareh' (about).

گردش چرخ روزگار همیشه به نفع ما نیست.

The turning of the wheel of fortune isn't always in our favor.

Idiomatic expression.

دولت به دنبال افزایش گردشگری داخلی است.

The government is seeking to increase domestic tourism.

Compound verb 'be donbal-e ... budan'.

گردش خون ضعیف می‌تواند باعث بیماری شود.

Poor blood circulation can cause illness.

Adjective 'za'if' (weak).

گردش نخبگان در ساختار سیاسی کشور ضروری است.

The circulation of elites in the country's political structure is necessary.

Political science term 'gardesh-e nokhbegan'.

او در اشعارش به گردش افلاک و بی‌پایداری دنیا اشاره می‌کند.

In his poems, he refers to the rotation of the spheres and the instability of the world.

Literary term 'gardesh-e aflak'.

گردش کار پرونده‌های قضایی باید تسریع شود.

The processing/workflow of judicial cases must be accelerated.

Administrative/Legal context.

این سیستم باعث گردش بهینه‌ی منابع در سازمان می‌شود.

This system leads to the optimal circulation of resources within the organization.

Adjective 'behineh' (optimal).

گردش آزاد اطلاعات یکی از ارکان دموکراسی است.

The free flow of information is one of the pillars of democracy.

Political/Social concept.

فلسفه‌ی او بر اساس گردش جاودانه‌ی زمان استوار است.

His philosophy is based on the eternal recurrence/rotation of time.

Philosophical term 'gardesh-e javdaneh'.

گردش سرمایه در بخش تولید با موانعی روبروست.

Capital circulation in the production sector faces obstacles.

Economic context.

او با مهارتی خاص، گردش قلم را بر روی کاغذ هدایت می‌کرد.

With specific skill, he guided the movement of the pen across the paper.

Artistic/Descriptive use.

گردش دوار چرخ نیلوفری، کنایه از تقدیر است.

The circular turning of the lotus-colored wheel (the sky) is a metaphor for fate.

Highly classical/poetic register.

تحلیل گردش وجوه نقد برای ارزیابی سلامت مالی شرکت حیاتی است.

Analyzing the cash flow (circulation of cash funds) is vital for assessing a company's financial health.

Advanced accounting terminology.

گردش ایام، غبار فراموشی بر خاطرات می‌نشاند.

The passage of time settles the dust of forgetfulness on memories.

Metaphorical/Literary.

او در رساله‌اش به گردش دیالکتیکی اندیشه پرداخته است.

In his treatise, he has dealt with the dialectical movement/rotation of thought.

Philosophical/Academic discourse.

گردش سیال ذهن در این رمان، خواننده را به وجد می‌آورد.

The stream of consciousness (fluid rotation of the mind) in this novel delights the reader.

Literary criticism term.

تغییر در گردش جوی، الگوهای آب و هوایی را دگرگون کرده است.

Changes in atmospheric circulation have transformed weather patterns.

Scientific/Climatological context.

گردش قدرت در جوامع باز، به شکلی نهادینه صورت می‌گیرد.

The circulation of power in open societies occurs in an institutionalized manner.

Sociological/Political theory.

او با نگاهی ژرف به گردش ماه و ستارگان، به راز خلقت پی برد.

With a deep look at the rotation of the moon and stars, he discovered the secret of creation.

Philosophical/Descriptive.

자주 쓰는 조합

گردش خون

گردش مالی

گردش علمی

گردش کار

گردش زمین

گردش حساب

گردش روزگار

گردش آزاد اطلاعات

گردش مأمور

گردش نقدینگی

자주 쓰는 구문

به گردش رفتن

— To go for an outing or stroll. Used for leisure activities.

می‌خواهی عصر به گردش برویم؟

گردش کردن

— To stroll, tour, or circulate. Can be literal or technical.

ما در بازار گردش کردیم.

اهل گردش

— Someone who loves going out and traveling. A 'nature lover' or 'outdoorsy' person.

پدرم خیلی اهل گردش است.

گردش یک‌روزه

— A day trip. An outing that starts and ends on the same day.

یک گردش یک‌روزه به لواسان داشتیم.

گردش دسته‌جمعی

— A group outing. Going out with many people.

گردش دسته‌جمعی خیلی خوش می‌گذرد.

گردش در طبیعت

— An outing in nature. Specifically for hiking or visiting parks.

گردش در طبیعت روح را تازه می‌کند.

گردش چرخ خیاطی

— The rotation/movement of a sewing machine (technical).

گردش چرخ خیاطی صدا می‌دهد.

گردش ایام

— The passage of time. Often used in a philosophical way.

گردش ایام همه چیز را تغییر می‌دهد.

گردش به راست/چپ

— Turning right or left (often used in driving directions).

گردش به چپ در این چهارراه ممنوع است.

گردش شبانه

— A night stroll or night tour.

گردش شبانه در تهران لذت‌بخش است.

자주 혼동되는 단어

گردش vs سفر (Safar)

Safar is a long journey; Gardesh is a short outing.

گردش vs چرخش (Charkhesh)

Charkhesh is physical rotation; Gardesh is circulation or pleasure trips.

گردش vs گزارش (Gozaresh)

A report. Sounds similar but has a completely different meaning.

관용어 및 표현

"دنیا به کام گردش است"

— The world turns in your favor. Things are going well for you.

فعلاً که دنیا به کام گردش است و او موفق می‌شود.

Informal/Poetic

"گردش چرخ فلک"

— The turning of the wheel of fortune. Life's ups and downs.

ببین گردش چرخ فلک با ما چه کرد!

Poetic

"گردش به دور خود"

— Going in circles (not making progress).

این کار فقط گردش به دور خود است و نتیجه‌ای ندارد.

Neutral

"گردش نخبگان"

— The theory that leadership roles should cycle among different groups.

او معتقد به گردش نخبگان در سیاست است.

Academic

"گردش قلم"

— The way someone writes; their style or flow of writing.

گردش قلم او در این داستان عالی است.

Literary

"گردش روزگار"

— The course of time and the events it brings.

باید دید گردش روزگار چه برایمان می‌آورد.

Poetic

"گردش کار"

— The status or flow of a process.

گردش کار پرونده را چک کردی؟

Administrative

"گردش آزاد"

— Unrestricted movement (of people, money, or information).

گردش آزاد ارز به نفع تجارت است.

Formal

"گردش در آفاق و انفس"

— Exploring the external world and the internal soul.

عارفان به گردش در آفاق و انفس می‌پردازند.

Mystical

"گردش به عقب"

— Regression or going back to old ways.

این قانون یک گردش به عقب محسوب می‌شود.

Political

혼동하기 쉬운

گردش vs گردن (Gardan)

Similar root and sound.

Gardan is the body part 'neck'. Gardesh is 'outing'.

گردن من درد می‌کند. / ما به گردش رفتیم.

گردش vs گرد (Gerd)

Same root.

Gerd is an adjective meaning 'round'. Gardesh is the noun.

زمین گرد است. / گردش زمین.

گردش vs گرد و خاک (Gard-o-khak)

Contains 'gard'.

Gard here means 'dust'. Gard-o-khak means 'dust and dirt'.

هوا پر از گرد و خاک است.

گردش vs گذشت (Gozasht)

Similar sound.

Gozasht means 'passing' or 'forgiveness'.

با گذشت زمان همه چیز درست می‌شود.

گردش vs گشت (Gasht)

Very close synonym.

Gasht often implies a patrol or a specific search, while gardesh is for pleasure.

گشت پلیس در خیابان است.

문장 패턴

من به گردش می‌روم.

ما در [مکان] گردش کردیم.

ما در پارک گردش کردیم.

[اسم] برای گردش خون خوب است.

انار برای گردش خون خوب است.

گردش کار در این بخش [صفت] است.

گردش کار در این بخش کند است.

گردش آزاد [اسم] ضروری است.

گردش آزاد اطلاعات ضروری است.

گردش ایام بر [اسم] تأثیر گذاشت.

گردش ایام بر چهره‌اش تأثیر گذاشت.

او به گردش علمی رفت.

این یک گردش کوتاه است.

어휘 가족

명사

گردشگر (gardeshgar - tourist)

گردشگری (gardeshgari - tourism)

گرداب (gerdab - whirlpool)

گردن (gardan - neck)

گردونه (garduneh - wheel/chariot)

동사

گردیدن (gardidan - to turn/become)

گرداندن (gardandan - to rotate/turn something)

برگشتن (bargashtan - to return)

گردش کردن (gardesh kardan - to stroll)

형용사

گرد (gerd - round)

گردان (gardan - rotating)

گردشی (gardeshi - circular/on tour)

사용법

frequency

Extremely frequent in both daily conversation and technical literature.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'gardesh' for a long trip abroad. → Use 'safar' (سفر).
'Gardesh' is for short outings; 'safar' is for journeys.
Saying 'gardesh shodan'. → Say 'gardesh kardan'.
'Gardesh' is a noun that needs the light verb 'kardan' to become an action.
Forgetting the Ezafe in 'gardesh-e khun'. → Always include the 'e' sound between the nouns.
The Ezafe connects the noun with its possessor or modifier.
Confusing 'gardesh' with 'gardan'. → 'Gardan' is neck; 'Gardesh' is outing.
These are distinct words despite sharing the same root.
Using 'gardesh' to mean 'rotating a file' on a computer. → Use 'charkhesh' (چرخش).
'Gardesh' is for systemic circulation or pleasure; 'charkhesh' is for physical rotation.

팁

Learn the Root

Learning the root 'gard' helps you understand dozens of other words like 'gardeshgar' (tourist) and 'bargashtan' (to return). It always relates to turning.

Light Verbs

Always pair 'gardesh' with 'kardan' or 'raftan'. Avoid using it with 'shodan' or other verbs unless you are very advanced.

Friday Plans

If someone asks about your Friday plans, mention 'gardesh' to sound like you understand the local lifestyle of spending time in parks.

Check the Noun

If 'gardesh' is followed by 'khun' (blood) or 'mali' (money), its meaning shifts from 'fun walk' to 'technical circulation'.

Stress the End

Remember to put the emphasis on the 'desh' part of the word. gar-DESH.

Invite Friends

Use 'Bia berim gardesh' as a friendly and common way to invite someone for a walk or a hang-out.

Ezafe is Key

In technical writing, the Ezafe is mandatory. Write 'gardesh-e kar' not 'gardesh kar'.

Watch for 'sh'

The 'sh' at the end is very distinct. If you don't hear it, the word might be 'gardan' or 'gard'.

Garden Connection

Link 'Gardesh' to 'Garden' in your mind. A garden is where you go for a gardesh!

Short Trips Only

Only use 'gardesh' for trips that don't involve staying overnight in a different city.

암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'Garden'. You go for a 'Gardesh' in a 'Garden'. Both start with the same sound and involve a pleasant walk.

시각적 연상

Imagine a wheel turning. The word 'gardesh' comes from 'to turn'. When you go for a 'gardesh', you are 'turning' around the city and coming back home.

Word Web

Park Family Blood Money Earth Tour Walk Friday

챌린지

Try to use 'gardesh' in three different ways today: once for a walk, once for the weather, and once for a plan with a friend.

어원

Gardesh comes from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) word 'gartišn', which is the nominal form of 'gardidan'. The root 'gard-' is shared with many Indo-European languages, relating to the concept of turning or bending.

원래 의미: The original meaning was strictly 'the act of turning' or 'rotation.'

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

문화적 맥락

None. The word is completely neutral and safe to use in all social settings.

In English, we use different words for 'stroll', 'circulation', and 'turnover'. In Persian, 'gardesh' covers all these, which can be surprising for learners.

The poem by Hafez: 'Gardesh-e saghar-e goli...' (The turning of the flower-like cup). The movie 'Gardesh' (The Outing) - a classic trope in Iranian cinema. Sizdah Bedar - The national day of 'gardesh' in nature.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Family weekend plans

جمعه بریم گردش؟
کجا برای گردش خوبه؟
وسایل گردش رو بردار.
یه گردش خانوادگی.

At the bank

گردش حساب می‌خوام.
گردش مالی من کمه.
پرینت گردش حساب.
گردش چک‌ها.

Doctor's office

گردش خونم ضعیفه.
برای گردش خون خوبه.
سیستم گردش خون.
بهبود گردش خون.

School

گردش علمی داریم.
رضایت‌نامه برای گردش.
گردش در موزه.
گزارش گردش علمی.

Driving/Navigation

گردش به راست.
گردش به چپ ممنوع.
دور زدن یا گردش؟
محل گردش.

대화 시작하기

"بهترین جا برای گردش در این شهر کجاست؟ (Where is the best place for an outing in this city?)"

"آیا شما اهل گردش در طبیعت هستید؟ (Are you someone who likes outings in nature?)"

"آخرین باری که به گردش علمی رفتید کی بود؟ (When was the last time you went on a field trip?)"

"به نظر شما گردش در شب بهتر است یا روز؟ (In your opinion, is an outing better at night or during the day?)"

"برای یک گردش عالی چه وسایلی لازم است؟ (What items are necessary for a great outing?)"

일기 주제

یک خاطره از بهترین گردش خود با دوستانتان بنویسید. (Write a memory of your best outing with your friends.)

چرا گردش در طبیعت برای سلامت روان مفید است؟ (Why is an outing in nature beneficial for mental health?)

اگر می‌توانستید به هر جای دنیا برای گردش بروید، کجا را انتخاب می‌کردید؟ (If you could go anywhere in the world for a tour, where would you choose?)

تفاوت گردش و سفر از نظر شما چیست؟ (What is the difference between an outing and a journey in your view?)

توصیف یک روز ایده‌آل برای گردش در شهر خودتان. (Describe an ideal day for touring in your own city.)

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

While 'gardesh' often involves walking, it specifically implies a pleasure outing. If you are walking strictly for health or exercise, 'piyadeh-ravi' is a more accurate term. However, in casual conversation, 'gardesh' is often used interchangeably if the walk is pleasant.

'Be gardesh raftan' literally means 'to go for an outing,' focusing on the act of leaving. 'Gardesh kardan' focuses more on the activity of strolling or touring itself. Both are very common and often interchangeable.

You use the Ezafe construction: 'gardesh-e khun' (گردش خون). For example: 'Varzesh baraye gardesh-e khun khub ast' (Exercise is good for blood circulation).

Yes, 'gardesh' is the standard word for the orbital movement of planets. 'Gardesh-e zamin be dor-e khorshid' means 'the Earth's revolution around the sun'.

Usually, no. For a vacation involving travel to another city or country, 'safar' or 'mosafarat' is used. You would only use 'gardesh' to describe the specific tours or walks you took *during* that vacation.

It means 'financial turnover' or 'cash flow.' It refers to the total amount of money moving in and out of a business or bank account over a period.

It is a neutral word. It is perfectly appropriate in both casual conversations with friends and in formal scientific or financial reports.

It translates to 'scientific outing,' which is the Persian term for a 'field trip' organized by a school or university.

The root is 'gard' from the verb 'gardidan' (to turn/become). This is why it refers to both physical turning and cyclical outings.

The plural is 'gardesh-ha' (گردش‌ها). It is used when referring to multiple distinct outings or different types of circulation.

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