قاضی 30초 만에
- A 'قاضی' (ghāzi) is a judge who presides over legal cases in a courtroom.
- The word is derived from Arabic and is central to the Persian legal vocabulary.
- It differs from 'داور' (dāvar), which is used for sports referees or competition judges.
- Commonly associated with verbs like 'حکم صادر کردن' (to issue a verdict) and 'قضاوت کردن' (to judge).
The Persian word قاضی (pronounced as ghāzi) is a noun primarily denoting a 'judge' or a public official authorized to decide cases in a court of law. In the context of the Iranian legal system and broader Persian-speaking cultures, the term carries significant weight, representing the embodiment of justice, authority, and the rule of law. Historically, the role of a ghāzi was deeply intertwined with religious jurisprudence (Sharia), but in modern times, it refers to professional judges within a secular or unified civil legal framework. The word itself is derived from the Arabic root Q-D-Y, which relates to the act of decreeing, deciding, or settling a matter. Understanding this word requires looking beyond a simple translation; it involves recognizing the judge as the final arbiter of truth in social and legal disputes. In a societal sense, a judge is expected to possess عدالت (justice) and تقوا (piety/integrity), making the word synonymous with moral uprightness in many literary contexts.
- Grammatical Category
- Noun (اسم)
- Plural Forms
- قضات (Ghozāt - Arabic broken plural) or قاضیها (Ghāzi-hā - Persian plural)
- Root
- Arabic Q-D-Y (ق-ض-ی)
"قاضی پس از شنیدن سخنان دو طرف، حکم نهایی را صادر کرد." (The judge issued the final verdict after hearing the words of both parties.)
In classical Persian literature, the ghāzi often appears as a character representing the state's authority, sometimes portrayed with reverence and other times with satire to critique judicial corruption. For instance, in the works of Saadi or Hafez, the 'Judge of the City' (قاضی شهر) is a recurring figure. The word encompasses the power to take away or grant rights, to imprison or to set free. Therefore, when a Persian speaker uses the word قاضی, they are invoking an image of a person seated on a bench (کرسی قضاوت), wearing robes, and wielding the power of the state's signature. It is not just a job title; it is a position of ultimate social responsibility. In modern colloquialisms, the word is also used metaphorically. When someone says 'Don't be a judge' (قاضی نشو), they are telling you not to be judgmental or to jump to conclusions about someone's character without evidence.
در پیش قاضی و دم لرزان.
Furthermore, the concept of قضاوت (judgment) is the abstract noun derived from قاضی. To understand the judge, one must understand the process of قضاوت کردن (judging). In the Persian mindset, the judge is the one who 'cuts' through the noise of a dispute to reach the 'cut' (decisive) answer. This is why the term is so definitive. Whether in a criminal court (دادگاه کیفری) or a civil court (دادگاه حقوقی), the قاضی remains the central figure. The term is also used in sports, though داور (dāvar) is more common for 'referee'. However, in high-stakes historical or literary contexts, قاضی might be used to describe someone who settles a non-legal but significant dispute.
تنها قاضی خداست.
- Synonym (Formal)
- دادرس (Dādras)
- Synonym (General)
- حاکم شرع (Hākem-e Shar' - Historical/Religious)
To conclude, قاضی is a word that bridges the gap between ancient religious tradition and modern legal systems. It is a word of power, caution, and social order. When learning this word, remember that it carries the weight of the 'verdict' (حکم) behind it. It is not merely a person who works in a court, but the person who is the court's voice. Its presence in everyday idioms like 'خود را قاضی قرار دادن' (to make oneself the judge) shows how deeply the concept of judicial evaluation is embedded in the Persian psyche.
Using the word قاضی correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its typical collocations within the Persian language. Since it refers to a person, it follows the standard rules for human nouns in Persian. However, because it is a professional title, it is often used with specific verbs and in specific syntactic structures. The most common verb associated with a judge is بودن (to be) or شدن (to become), as in 'او میخواهد قاضی شود' (He wants to become a judge). In a legal context, the judge 'issues' a verdict, using the verb صادر کردن (to issue). You would say: 'قاضی حکم را صادر کرد' (The judge issued the sentence/verdict).
When addressing a judge in a formal court setting in Iran, one does not usually say 'Mr. Judge' (آقای قاضی) in the same way one might in English. Instead, the formal title ریاست محترم دادگاه (Honorable Head of the Court) or جناب قاضی (Your Honor/Dear Judge) is used. In writing, especially in news or legal briefs, the word often appears in the plural form قضات. For example: 'اجلاس سراسری قضات' (The national convention of judges). It is important to note that while داور is used for sports referees, قاضی is strictly for legal or moral arbitration.
Another important usage is in the compound verb قضاوت کردن (to judge). While قاضی is the person, قضاوت is the act. You will often hear: 'لطفاً زود قضاوت نکن' (Please don't judge too quickly). Here, the noun قاضی is the root of the concept. In Persian, we also have the expression 'قاضیِ خود بودن' (to be one's own judge), which means to reflect on one's own actions critically. This shows the word's versatility from the courtroom to personal ethics.
In terms of prepositions, قاضی is often preceded by نزد (near/before) or پیشِ (before) in classical or formal contexts, such as 'او را پیش قاضی بردند' (They took him before the judge). In modern legal Persian, we use در برابرِ قاضی (in front of the judge). When discussing the judge's decision, we use the ezafe construction: 'رأیِ قاضی' (The judge's vote/decision) or 'حکمِ قاضی' (The judge's order). Mastering these collocations is key to sounding natural.
You will encounter the word قاضی in several distinct environments. The most obvious is the legal and judicial sphere. If you watch the news in Iran (like IRIB), you will frequently hear reports about 'قضات دادگستری' (Judiciary judges) or 'قاضی پرونده' (the judge of the case). Legal dramas and movies, which are quite popular in Iran, are another rich source. Films like 'A Separation' (جدایی نادر از سیمین) feature pivotal scenes with a judge where the word is used repeatedly in a high-stakes, emotional context.
In literature and poetry, the word appears in the works of Rumi, Hafez, and Saadi. In these contexts, the ghāzi often represents the 'external' law, which is sometimes contrasted with the 'internal' law of love or mysticism. Reading classical texts will show you how the role of the judge has been viewed over centuries—sometimes as a pillar of society, sometimes as a hypocrite. This historical depth gives the word a layer of meaning that you won't find in a simple dictionary definition.
In daily conversation, the word is used metaphorically. You might hear it in a heated argument: 'تو قاضی نیستی که بخواهی برای من حکم صادر کنی' (You are not a judge to be issuing verdicts for me). This usage highlights the word's association with authority and the finality of decision-making. It is also common in religious sermons (روضه or سخنرانی), where the 'Judge of all Judges' (قاضیالقضات) is used as a title for God. Finally, in educational settings, students of law (حقوق) will use this word constantly when discussing their career goals or studying case law.
One of the most common mistakes for learners is confusing قاضی (ghāzi) with داور (dāvar). While both can be translated as 'judge' in some English contexts, their usage in Persian is strictly separated. Dāvar is used for sports (referee/umpire) and competitions (like a talent show judge). Ghāzi is reserved for the legal system. If you call a football referee a ghāzi, it will sound very strange and overly formal, almost as if the referee is going to sentence the player to prison.
Another mistake involves the pluralization. Learners often try to pluralize it as قاضیها (Ghāzi-hā), which is grammatically correct in spoken Persian but rarely used in formal writing. In formal or academic contexts, you must use the Arabic broken plural قضات (Ghozāt). Using قاضیها in a legal essay would make the writing seem amateurish. Conversely, using قضات in a casual conversation about a TV show might sound too stiff.
Pronunciation is also a hurdle. The letter 'ق' (Ghaf) is a deep guttural sound in Persian, similar to a 'G' but further back in the throat. Some learners pronounce it like a hard 'K' or a soft 'G', which can change the clarity of the word. Furthermore, the final 'ی' (yee) should be clear. Mispronouncing it as 'ghāzeh' or 'ghāz' (which means goose!) can lead to humorous misunderstandings. Lastly, avoid using قاضی as a verb. You cannot 'ghāzi' someone; you must use the compound verb قضاوت کردن.
Several words in Persian share a semantic field with قاضی. The most closely related is دادرس (Dādras). While ghāzi is the general term for a judge, dādras is a more formal, Persian-rooted term often used in administrative and official legal titles. It literally means 'one who reaches/delivers justice'. Another related term is مستنطق (Mostantegh), which refers to an 'interrogating judge' or 'examining magistrate', a specific role in some legal systems that involves investigating the facts before a trial.
وکیل (Vakil) is often mentioned alongside قاضی. While a vakil is a lawyer or attorney who represents a client, the two are the main actors in a courtroom. Learners should distinguish between the one who argues (vakil) and the one who decides (ghāzi). Then there is حاکم (Hākem), which means 'ruler' or 'governor' but was historically used to mean 'judge' in the sense of someone who has the power to command. In modern Persian, hākem is more about political rule, but you will see it in historical dramas.
For those interested in the religious aspect, مجتهد (Mojtahed) is a person who has the authority to interpret religious law. While not a 'judge' in a civil court, a mojtahed's rulings (fatwas) can function like judicial decisions in a religious context. Finally, داور (Dāvar), as mentioned before, is the word for an arbitrator or referee. If you are 'judging' a photo contest, you are a dāvar, not a ghāzi. Understanding these nuances helps you choose the right word for the right level of formality and the right professional field.
How Formal Is It?
난이도
알아야 할 문법
Ezafe construction with titles.
Arabic broken plurals in Persian.
Compound verbs with 'kardan'.
Subjunctive mood after 'bāyad' (must).
Direct object marker 'rā'.
수준별 예문
قاضی در دادگاه است.
The judge is in the court.
Simple subject-predicate structure.
او یک قاضی مهربان است.
He is a kind judge.
Adjective following the noun with ezafe.
آیا او قاضی است؟
Is he a judge?
Simple question form.
قاضی کتاب میخواند.
The judge reads a book.
Present continuous/habitual.
نام این قاضی چیست؟
What is this judge's name?
Possessive ezafe.
من قاضی را دیدم.
I saw the judge.
Direct object with 'rā'.
قاضی لباس سیاه دارد.
The judge has black clothes.
Simple possession.
او قاضی شهر ماست.
He is the judge of our city.
Contraction of 'ast' to 'st'.
قاضی به حرفهای مرد گوش داد.
The judge listened to the man's words.
Past tense with preposition 'be'.
قاضی باید عادل باشد.
A judge must be just.
Modal verb 'bāyad' with subjunctive.
آنها پیش قاضی رفتند.
They went before the judge.
Preposition 'pish' meaning 'to/before'.
قاضی حکم را نوشت.
The judge wrote the verdict.
Simple past transitive.
قاضی از وکیل سوال کرد.
The judge asked the lawyer a question.
Compound verb 'so'āl kardan'.
همه به احترام قاضی بلند شدند.
Everyone stood up out of respect for the judge.
Prepositional phrase 'be ehterām-e'.
قاضی پرونده را بررسی کرد.
The judge reviewed the case file.
Compound verb 'barresi kardan'.
برادرم میخواهد قاضی شود.
My brother wants to become a judge.
Future intent with 'shodan'.
قاضی بر اساس شواهد تصمیم میگیرد.
The judge decides based on the evidence.
Phrase 'bar asās-e' (based on).
او به عنوان یک قاضی باسابقه شناخته میشود.
He is known as an experienced judge.
Passive construction 'shenākhte mishavad'.
قاضی اجازه نداد متهم صحبت کند.
The judge did not allow the accused to speak.
Negative past with subjunctive.
تصمیم نهایی با قاضی است.
The final decision rests with the judge.
Idiomatic use of 'bā' for responsibility.
قاضی دستور داد که جلسه دادگاه متوقف شود.
The judge ordered the court session to be halted.
Complex sentence with 'ke' and subjunctive.
بسیاری از قضات در این مراسم شرکت کردند.
Many judges participated in this ceremony.
Use of formal plural 'ghozāt'.
قاضی باید بدون تعصب قضاوت کند.
A judge must judge without prejudice.
Adverbial phrase 'bedun-e ta'assob'.
او از قاضی تقاضای وقت بیشتری کرد.
He requested more time from the judge.
Compound verb 'taghāzā kardan'.
قاضی با دقت به اظهارات شهود گوش فرا داد.
The judge listened carefully to the witnesses' statements.
Formal verb 'gush farā dādan'.
استقلال قاضی یکی از ارکان عدالت است.
The independence of the judge is one of the pillars of justice.
Abstract noun 'esteghlāl'.
قاضی پرونده را به دلیل نقص مدارک مختومه اعلام کرد.
The judge declared the case closed due to lack of evidence.
Legal term 'mokhtumeh' (closed/finalized).
قاضی دادگاه تجدیدنظر حکم قبلی را تایید کرد.
The appeals court judge upheld the previous ruling.
Compound noun 'dādgāh-e tajdid-e nazar'.
وجدان قاضی تنها راهنمای او در این پرونده پیچیده بود.
The judge's conscience was his only guide in this complex case.
Metaphorical use of 'vojdān'.
قاضی متهم را به حبس ابد محکوم کرد.
The judge sentenced the accused to life imprisonment.
Verb 'mahkum kardan' with preposition 'be'.
اعتراض به رای قاضی حق قانونی هر شهروندی است.
Objecting to the judge's ruling is the legal right of every citizen.
Gerund 'e'terāz' as subject.
قاضی صراحتاً اعلام کرد که قانون برای همه یکسان است.
The judge explicitly declared that the law is the same for everyone.
Adverb 'sarāhatan' (explicitly).
قاضی در انشای رای خود به اصول قانون اساسی استناد کرد.
In drafting the verdict, the judge cited constitutional principles.
Technical term 'enshā-ye rāy' (drafting a verdict).
صلاحیت قاضی برای رسیدگی به این پرونده مورد تردید قرار گرفت.
The judge's jurisdiction to handle this case was called into question.
Legal term 'salāhiyat' (jurisdiction/competence).
قاضی با تکیه بر علم خود، حکم به تبرئه متهم داد.
Relying on his own knowledge, the judge ruled to acquit the accused.
Legal concept 'elm-e ghāzi' (judge's knowledge).
فساد برخی از قضات میتواند کل سیستم قضایی را زیر سوال ببرد.
The corruption of some judges can call the entire judicial system into question.
Complex conditional structure.
قاضی نباید تحت تاثیر فشارهای سیاسی یا افکار عمومی قرار گیرد.
A judge should not be influenced by political pressure or public opinion.
Passive voice 'gharār girad'.
در متون کلاسیک، قاضی اغلب نمادی از قدرت مطلقه حاکم بود.
In classical texts, the judge was often a symbol of the ruler's absolute power.
Literary analysis context.
قاضی با درایت خود توانست از وقوع یک بحران حقوقی جلوگیری کند.
With his wisdom, the judge was able to prevent a legal crisis.
Noun 'derāyat' (wisdom/tact).
تفسیر قاضی از قانون در این مورد خاص بسیار بحثبرانگیز بود.
The judge's interpretation of the law in this specific case was very controversial.
Adjective 'bahs-bar-angiz'.
قاضیالقضات در نظامهای سنتی بالاترین مرجع رسیدگی به تظلمات بود.
The Chief Justice in traditional systems was the highest authority for addressing grievances.
Compound title 'Ghāzi-al-Ghozāt'.
هرگونه خدشه در بیطرفی قاضی، وجاهت قانونی حکم را از بین میبرد.
Any flaw in the judge's impartiality destroys the legal validity of the verdict.
Highly formal term 'vejāhat-e ghānuni'.
قاضی در مقام شارح قانون، وظیفهای خطیر و چالشبرانگیز بر عهده دارد.
The judge, in the position of the law's interpreter, bears a grave and challenging duty.
Formal term 'shāreh' (interpreter/commentator).
تشتت آرا در میان قضات دیوان عالی کشور منجر به تاخیر در صدور حکم شد.
The divergence of opinions among the Supreme Court judges led to a delay in issuing the verdict.
Technical term 'tashattat-e ārā' (divergence of views).
قاضی با امعان نظر در جزئیات پرونده، به حقیقت ماجرا پی برد.
By scrutinizing the details of the case, the judge realized the truth of the matter.
Literary/Formal 'em'ān-e nazar' (scrutiny).
عدم وابستگی قاضی به نهادهای قدرت، ضامن صیانت از حقوق عامه است.
The judge's lack of dependence on power institutions guarantees the protection of public rights.
Complex abstract noun string.
قاضی باید میان نص صریح قانون و روح عدالت توازن برقرار کند.
A judge must strike a balance between the explicit text of the law and the spirit of justice.
Legal philosophy 'nass-e sarih'.
برخی منتقدان معتقدند که قاضی نباید در جایگاه قانونگذار قرار گیرد.
Some critics believe that a judge should not assume the position of a legislator.
Political science context 'ghānun-gozār'.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
자주 혼동되는 단어
관용어 및 표현
혼동하기 쉬운
문장 패턴
사용법
Used to tell people not to be judgmental.
Modern usage is strictly legal; classical usage can be more religious/political.
- Using 'ghāzi' for a football referee.
- Pronouncing it as 'ghāz' (goose).
- Using 'ghāzi' as a verb without 'kardan'.
- Using the informal plural in a legal document.
- Confusing 'ghāzi' (judge) with 'ghāzi' (warrior - spelled differently).
팁
Learn the Root
The root Q-D-Y is found in many words like 'Ghazāvat' (judgment) and 'Moghtazi' (necessary). Learning the root helps you recognize related words.
The Ghaf Sound
Practice the 'Gh' sound by gargling water; it's the same muscle movement. This is the hardest part of the word for English speakers.
Legal Movies
Watch Iranian legal dramas. They provide great context for how the word is used in high-pressure situations.
Plural Usage
Use 'Ghozāt' when writing an email or a formal essay to sound more professional and educated.
The Gavel
Associate 'Ghāzi' with 'Gavel'. Both start with a 'G' sound and are essential to a judge's image.
Don't confuse with Dāvar
Remember: Ghāzi = Jail/Court, Dāvar = Football/Game. This is the most common error for intermediate learners.
Address
If you ever find yourself in a Persian court, use 'Jenāb-e Ghāzi' to show respect. It can go a long way!
Classical Poetry
Look for the word in Hafez's poems. He often uses the 'Ghāzi' as a symbol of the hypocritical establishment.
Compound Verbs
Master 'ghazāvat kardan'. It's much more common in daily life than the noun itself.
News Keywords
When listening to the news, 'ghozāt' is a keyword that tells you a legal or political story is coming up.
암기하기
기억법
The **Gha**zi is in the **Ga**rage of justice.
어원
Arabic
문화적 맥락
While historically only men were judges in Iran, women now serve in many judicial capacities, though there are still debates regarding their role in issuing final criminal sentences in some specific interpretations of law.
Judges in Iran wear black robes, similar to many Western systems, but without the white wigs found in the UK.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
대화 시작하기
"آیا دوست داری قاضی شوی؟ (Do you want to become a judge?)"
"نظر تو درباره حکم قاضی چیست؟ (What is your opinion on the judge's verdict?)"
"یک قاضی خوب چه ویژگیهایی دارد؟ (What characteristics does a good judge have?)"
"آیا در کشور شما قضات مستقل هستند؟ (Are judges independent in your country?)"
"تا به حال با یک قاضی صحبت کردهای؟ (Have you ever spoken with a judge?)"
일기 주제
Write about a time you had to be a judge in a dispute between friends.
Imagine you are a judge. What is the first law you would change?
Describe the atmosphere of a courtroom when the judge enters.
Is it possible for a human judge to be perfectly fair?
Reflect on the idiom 'Don't judge a book by its cover' using the word 'ghāzi'.
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문No, 'داور' (dāvar) is used for sports. 'قاضی' is strictly for legal or moral judgment.
The formal plural is 'قضات' (ghozāt) and the informal is 'قاضیها' (ghāzi-hā).
You can say 'جناب قاضی' or more formally 'ریاست محترم دادگاه'.
Yes, it is an Arabic loanword that is fully integrated into Persian.
Yes, women work in the judiciary, though their specific powers in certain types of cases are subject to specific legal regulations.
'Ghāzi' is the general term, while 'dādras' is often a more formal or administrative title for a judge.
The verb is 'قضاوت کردن' (ghazāvat kardan).
It means to judge a situation after hearing only one side of the story.
Yes, 'قاضی نشو' means 'don't be judgmental'.
It refers to the 'on-duty judge' who is available for urgent matters outside of normal hours.
셀프 테스트 180 질문
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'قاضی' represents the ultimate legal authority in Persian culture. It is a formal term used for professional judges, carrying connotations of justice, power, and social responsibility. It should not be confused with sports referees.
- A 'قاضی' (ghāzi) is a judge who presides over legal cases in a courtroom.
- The word is derived from Arabic and is central to the Persian legal vocabulary.
- It differs from 'داور' (dāvar), which is used for sports referees or competition judges.
- Commonly associated with verbs like 'حکم صادر کردن' (to issue a verdict) and 'قضاوت کردن' (to judge).
Learn the Root
The root Q-D-Y is found in many words like 'Ghazāvat' (judgment) and 'Moghtazi' (necessary). Learning the root helps you recognize related words.
The Ghaf Sound
Practice the 'Gh' sound by gargling water; it's the same muscle movement. This is the hardest part of the word for English speakers.
Legal Movies
Watch Iranian legal dramas. They provide great context for how the word is used in high-pressure situations.
Plural Usage
Use 'Ghozāt' when writing an email or a formal essay to sound more professional and educated.
관련 콘텐츠
이 단어를 다른 언어로
law 관련 단어
ضابطه
B1권위에 의해 만들어지고 유지되는 규정이나 지침.
دادگاه
A2법원 또는 재판소. 법적 사건이 심리되는 곳입니다.
دادخواست
B2민사 법원에 제출하는 공식적인 소장.
ضامن
B1Guarantor, surety; a person who gives a guarantee.
دزد
A2도둑은 다른 사람의 재산을 훔치는 사람입니다.
غیر قانونی
A2Not permitted by law; unlawful.
غیرقانونی
A2Not permitted by law; illegal.
غیرمجازاً
B2In an impermissible or unlawful manner.
جنایت کردن
A2살인이나 중대한 절도와 같은 심각한 범죄를 저지르다. 폭력이나 기본적인 권리의 침해를 포함하는, 극도로 심각하게 간주되는 불법 행위를 저지르다.
جرم
A1범죄 또는 불법 행위.
